CHAPTER XXII

NAPOLEON'S PLACE IN HISTORY

Exhaustion -- The Change in Napoleon's Views -- Intermitting

Powers -- Their Extinction -- Common Sense and Idealism -- The

Man and the World -- The Philosophy of Expediency -- A Mediating

Work -- French Institutions -- Transformation of France --

Napoleon and English Policy -- His Work in Germany -- French

Influence in Italy and Eastern Europe -- Napoleon and the Western

World.

[Sidenote: Summary]

If Napoleon's qualities as usurper, statesman, and warrior be as

remarkable as they appear, why was his time so short, what were the

causes of his decline, and what is his place in history? The causes of

his decline may be summed up in a single word--exhaustion. There

exists no record of human activity more complete than is that of

Napoleon Bonaparte's life. In its beginnings we can see this worshiper

of power stimulating his immature abilities in vain until, with

reckless desperation, he closed the period of training and made his

scandalous bargain with Barras; then, grown suddenly, inexplicably

rich, becoming with better clothing, food, and lodging physically more

vigorous, he seems mercilessly to drive the rowels into his own flanks

until initiative, ingenuity, and ruthlessness are displayed with

apparently superhuman dimensions. The period of achievement is short,

but glorious in politics; the age of domination is long and exciting.

Throughout both there is the same wanton physical excess and

intellectual dissipation. Then comes the turn. Every human age has in

it the germs of the next; we begin to die at birth, and the

characteristic qualities and powers of one period diminish as those of

the next increase. So it was with Napoleon. He compressed so much,

both as regards the number and importance of events, into so short a

space that his times are like those wrinkled Japanese pictures which

are made by shriveling a large print into a small compass--intense and

deep, but unreal. To change the metaphor, he found the ship of state

dashing onward, with her helm lashed and no one daring to take the

task of the steersman in hand. He cut the lashings and laid hold. His

unassisted efforts as a pilot gave the vessel a new course; but he had

no steam or other mechanical power, no _deus ex machina_, to aid him;

and, as the storm increased, exhaustion followed; he seemed to be

steering when, in reality, his actions were under the compulsion of

events he was not controlling; and this continued until the wreck.

But the inertia of his powers resembled their rise so perfectly as to

represent continuous growth, and thus to deceive observers: in a few

years he had ordered the Revolutionary chaos of western Europe to his

liking, and the resultant organization worked by the principles he had

infused into it. As he saw his imperfect and shallow theories of

society successively confounded, he had no vigor left to reconstruct

them and adapt himself to new situations. His efforts at the role of

liberator throughout the Hundred Days deserve careful study. He simply

could not yield or adapt himself, except in non-essentials. The shifts

to which he had resort would have been ridiculous had they not been

pathetic. The governmental forms attempted by the Revolution had been

successively destroyed by the furious energy of Jacobinism: the

Directory was but a compromise, and when it took refuge for safety in

the army its performances seemed to the masses sure to bring back the

Terror; the Consulate was only a disguised monarchy founded on

military force; and as royalism was impossible, there seemed to vast

numbers no other alternative than the Empire. That there was no other

alternative was due to Napoleon's imperious character, now developed

to its utmost extent. He was selfish, hardened, and, though active

like his symbolic bee, without capacity for further development. His

mother knew that he could not hold out; she said it, and saved money

for a rainy day. He himself had haunting premonitions of this truth.

His passion to perpetuate himself by founding a dynasty was the real

basis for his warlike ardor. Profoundly moved, in fact awe-stricken,

by the imperishable hatred of the older dynasties, and yet reveling in

his military genius, he waged war ruthlessly and with zest, enjoying

the discomfiture of his foes, and delighting in the exercise of his

powers. But, after all, war was but a means. He frequently dwelt on

the advantages of hereditary succession; he lingered with suspicious

frequency over the satisfaction a dynastic ruler must feel in the

devotion or, if not that, in the submissiveness of his people; he was

hypersensitive to the slightest popular disturbance; and he must have

foreboded his own fall, since he was accustomed to wear poison in an

amulet around his neck, so that when the great crisis should arrive he

might take his own life. "Ah! why am I not my grandson?" he longingly

ejaculated.

This single cause of Napoleon's fall can be better seen in the record

of his second captivity than in any other portion of his life. There

is no such thing as absolute exhaustion short of death. But

intermittent and flickering exertion is symptomatic of failing powers

in a jaded horse; it forebodes the end in a worn-out man. Cheerful and

busy at first, because recruited by a long and favorable sea-voyage,

he set out in St. Helena at a racing gait to write history and mold

the public opinion of Europe. Playful and energetic, he caught

together the scanty remnants of his momentary grandeur, and emulated

the masters of ceremony at the Tuileries in organizing a court and

issuing edicts for the conduct of its little affairs. His life was to

be that of a caged lion--caged, but yet a lion. The plan would not

work. In the affairs of Longwood there were, as everywhere, hitches

and irregularities. To Napoleon these soon became not the incidents,

but the substance of life. With the departure of his secretaries the

business of biographical composition became first irksome, then

impossible, and the poor muse of history was finally turned out of

doors. To regular exercise succeeded spasmodic over-exertion;

complaint became the subject-matter for the exercise of both mind and

tongue; daily association with kindly but second-rate persons checked

the flow of great ideas; the combinations of Austerlitz and Wagram

gave place to the small moves in a game of spite with a bureaucratic

British governor. From the days of his boyhood until his alliance with

Barras the exile had been a dreamy, vague, indefinite, unsuccessful

fellow; his powers were not quickly developed. While he had France and

Europe to work upon, he showed the extraordinary qualities repeatedly

outlined, mind and hand, thought and deed, working together. Already

jaded, his stupendous capacity became intermittent after the fatal

armistice of Poischwitz; but it worked, for it still had the raw

material of grand strategy and great politics to work on. This

continued until after Waterloo. That battle, not a great one in

itself, was nevertheless epic, both in its effects upon the world and

in its ruin of the brains which had swayed the destinies of Europe for

twenty years. Between the flight to Charleroi and the escape to the

_Bellerophon_, Napoleon shows no pluck and no brains.

In actual captivity his mind was without a sufficient task and under

no pressure from necessity. It consequently, though somewhat

invigorated at first, intermitted more and more toward the close,

working, when it did work, awkwardly and with friction, until the

physical collapse came, and the end was reached. The attempts to

remodel history, the efforts to delineate his own and others' motives,

the specious summaries of his career and its epochs, the fragmentary

expositions of his philosophy in ethics, politics, and psychology--all

the stately volumes which bear his name, his literary remains, in

fact, present a pitiful sight when closely examined. They are but the

scoriae of a burnt-out mind, but dust and ashes; a splendid mass, but

an extinct volcano. It was only natural that his successors and

admirers should seek to erect a more enduring foundation for his fame

by collecting and carefully editing what he had written when at his

best, when acting according to his momentary, normal impulse, and

when, therefore, he had the least pose and the greatest sincerity. But

it is a proof of their shrewdness that they selected and published

less and less after Erfurt, and that out of the voluminous pen-product

of St. Helena they chose a hundred and fifty pages which the

"Correspondence," intended to be the most splendid monument to the

Emperor's glory, could present as authentic biographical material.

If, then, Napoleon was after all but a plain man, how did he become a

personage? Simply because he was the typical man of his day, less the

personal mediocrity; the typical burgher in personal character, the

typical soldier in war, the typical despot in peace, and the typical

idealist in politics; capable in all these qualities of analysis;

capable, consequently, of being understood; capable of exhaustion and

of being overwhelmed by combinations. In other words, he was really

great because he was the shrewd common-sense personage of his age,

considering the ideal social structure as a level of comfort in money,

in shelter, in food, in clothes, in religion, in morality, in decency,

in domestic good-nature, in the commonplace good things fairly divided

as far as they would go round. This was the side of his nature which

in a period of social exhaustion planted him four-square as a social

force, presented him to France as the rock against which the "red

fool-fury" of Jacobinism had dashed itself to pieces, and gave him for

a time command of all hearts. Thus established, he at once fell heir

to French tradition--that is, to the continuous policy of the nation

in foreign and domestic affairs; which was that France should be the

Jupiter in the Olympus of European nations by reason of her excellence

both in beauty and in strength. Here was a temptation not to be

resisted, the superlative temptation like that of the serpent and the

woman, the chance to transcend by knowledge, the opportunity to "hitch

his wagon to a star," to commingle the glory of France with his own

until the elements were no longer separable. Into this snare, great as

he was in his representative plainness, he fell, and in the ensuing

confusion he not only destroyed himself, but brought the proud and

splendid nation which had cherished him to the very verge of

destruction. He could not sway one emancipated people without swaying

an emancipated Europe, and this after Austerlitz he determined to do.

Then he lost his head: his wisdom turned out to be nothing but

adoration of mere expediency; his strength proved weakness when, with

his imperial idealism, he braved in Spain the idealism of a true

nation; his vaunted physical endurance disappeared with

self-indulgence, the golden head and brazen loins fell in a crash as

the feet of clay disintegrated before the storm of national

uprisings.

This being true, we have in his career every element of epic

greatness: a colossal man, a chaotic age, the triumph of principle,

the reestablishment of historical equilibrium by means of a giant cast

away when no longer needed. And this epic quality, which is not in the

man alone nor in the age alone, appears when the two are combined, and

then only. Looking at him in our cold light, he has every attribute of

the commonplace adventurer; looking at the France of 1786 with our

perspective, the people and the times appear almost mad in their

frantic efforts to accomplish the work of ages in the moments of a

single lifetime. Yet combine the two, and behold the man of the third

estate rising, advancing, reflecting, and then planting himself in the

foreground as the most dramatic figure of public life, and you have a

scene, a stage, and actors which cannot be surpassed in the range of

history. To the end of the Consulate the action is powerful, because

it represents reality: a nation unified, a people restored to

wholesome influences, peace inaugurated, constitutional government

established. There is so far no tawdry decoration, no fine clothes, no

posing, no ranting. But with the next scene, that of the Empire, the

spectator becomes aware of all these annoyances, and more. The leading

actor grows self-conscious, identifies himself with the public

interest for personal ends and to the detriment of the nation,

displays no moral or artistic self-restraint, and soon arranges every

element so as to make his studied personal ambitions appear like the

resultants of ominous forces which act from without, and against which

he is donning the armor of despotism for the public good. The play

becomes a human tragicomedy, and, verging to its close, ends, like the

tragedies of the Greeks, with a people betrayed and the force of the

age chained to a torrid rock as the sport of the elements.

Was this the end, and did Napoleon have no place in history, as many

historians have lately been contending? Far from it. From his couch of

porphyry beneath the gilded dome on the banks of the Seine, the

Emperor, though "dead and turned to clay," still exercises a powerful

sway. The actual Napoleonic Empire had, as we have before remarked, a

striking resemblance to those of Alexander and Charlemagne. Based, as

were these, upon conquest, and continued for a little life by the

idealism of a single person, it seemed like a brilliant bubble on the

stream of time. But Alexander hellenized the civilization of his day,

and prepared the world for Christianity; Charlemagne plowed, harrowed,

and sowed the soil of barbaric Europe, making it receptive for the

most superb of all secular ideals, that of nationality; Napoleon tore

up the system of absolutism by the roots, propagated in the most

distant lands of Europe the modern conception of individual rights,

overthrew the rotten structure of the German-Roman empire, and in

spite of himself regenerated the long-abused ideas of nationality and

fatherland. It must be confessed that his own shallow political

science, the second-hand Rousseauism he had learned from his desultory

reading, had little to do with this, except negatively. One by one he

saw his faiths made ridiculous by the violent phases of Jacobinism

after it took control of the Revolutionary movement. His heart, his

conscience, his intellect, all undisciplined, then revolted against

the metaphysic which had misled him, and "ideologist" became his most

contemptuous epithet. Controlled by instinct and ambition, he

nevertheless remained throughout his period the one thorough idealist

among the men of action, Goethe being the superlative, transcendent

genius of idealism among the thinkers. Each successive day saw his

scorn of physical limitations increase, his impatience of language,

customs, laws, of local attachment, personal fidelity, and national

patriotism grow. The result was a fixed conviction that for humanity

at large all these were naught. At last he planted himself upon the

burgher philosophy of utility and expediency, putting his faith in the

loyalty of his family, in homely dependence upon matrimonial alliance,

in the passion of humanity for physical ease and earthly well-being.

This was the concert by which he sought to create a federation of

beneficent kingdoms that would win all men to the prime mover. Space

and time rebelled; the lofty ideals of humanity and philosophy would

not down; selfishness proved impotent as a support; the dreamer

recognized that again he had been deceived. Haggard and exhausted, he

finally turned, in the role of Napoleon Liberator, to the notion of

nationality and of government swayed by popular will in all its

phases. But it was too late. Instead of being the leader of a van, he

had forgotten, in his own phrase, to keep pace with the march of

ideas, and was a straggler in the rear, without a moral status or a

devoted following.

All this is true; but it is equally true that much of his work endured

both in France and in the civilized world. In France, indeed, the work

he did has been in some details only too enduring. History is there to

tell us that the test of high civilization is not necessarily in great

dimensions. Those histories of the ancient world in which humanity

seems strange and distasteful, of Egypt, Phenicia, Babylon, and

Assyria, were wide in extent and long in duration: those of Greece and

Rome, whose poets, statesmen, legislators, and warriors are our

despair, were small in proportion and comparatively short in duration,

while they were normal and healthy; the world-empires of both were

neither natural nor admirable. It will not do, therefore, to judge

Napoleon by the length of his career, nor by the standards of other

times and different circumstances. The centralization of

administration in the commonwealth which he rescued from the clutches

of anarchy was probably essential to the rescue; the expediency which

he deliberately cultivated in the Concordat, in the laws of the family

and inheritance, and in the fatal Continental System, was possibly a

statesman's palliative for momentary political disease. His artificial

aristocracy, his system of great fiefs, his financial shifts--who

dares to say that these institutions did not meet a temporary want?

Moreover, it is worth considering whether a direct reaction to

moderate, sane republicanism from extreme and furious Jacobinism was

possible at all, and whether a reaction from Napoleon's imperial

democracy was not easier and the results more permanent. In other

words, is it likely that the third French republic could have been the

direct successor of the first? The question is certainly debatable. No

pen can so delineate the sufferings of France under Napoleonic

institutions as that of Taine has so ably and scathingly done; his

wonderful etching powerfully exhibits painful truths. But who is to

blame if a nation is hampered by its administration, by a

centralization it no longer needs, by social regulations which it has

outgrown, by political habits which do not suit the age? Not alone the

man who inaugurated them, for ends partly selfish but also partly

statesmanlike; the people who timidly endure are responsible for the

doom which will certainly overtake any nation living in a social and

political structure antiquated and unsuitable.

One thing at least the new France has done with magisterial style: she

has introduced into her political machinery respect for political

habit. The French government of to-day is distinctly an outgrowth of

conditions, and not of theories. Its constitution has none of the

fatal marks of completeness which her other republican constitutions

have borne; on the contrary, there never was a period in modern times

when to the outsider French institutions seemed as crescive as they do

to-day. And they have abundant material on which to work. There are

signs that the system of nations as armed camps, for which Napoleon

set the example, is breaking by its own weight; modern armies are

mostly national schools controlled by scientific inquisitiveness and

permeated by a civic spirit; the pacific federal system of the great

European powers sometimes seems feeble and rickety, but it is in

existence. Alliances are now federations for peace; the Triple

Alliance continues to be a federation for peace; so too the Sextuple

Alliance, so energetic and persistent in its support of Turkey, has

been a federation for peace. Perhaps the day is nearer than we think

when the Hague tribunal shall develop a vigorous, practical working

system of international understandings, without appeal to war. Then

certainly, but long before, let us hope, France may anchor her

liberties in a bill of rights, destroy judicial inquisition, begin to

slacken the bonds of her prefectoral system, emancipate her

universities and academies, regenerate public feeling as to the

increase of population by modifying her laws of the family, and go on

not only to populate her own fertile fields, but to make the

magnificent colonies which she has acquired the future homes of

countless children, a field for exerting her superfluous energy--in

short, when she may slough off her now superfluous Napoleonic

institutions.

It would be utterly unjust, however, to plead a justification of

Napoleon solely by such a monumental fact as that he was in all

likelihood the forerunner of modern France. Even when the country

adopted him, his positive, direct influence for good was great. The

Concordat whatever its faults, partly secured a free church and a free

state, separating thus what God had never joined together in holy

wedlock; his splendid codes--for no matter who pondered and shaped

them, they were his in execution--have guaranteed the perpetuity of

civil equality not only in France, but, as the sequel has shown,

throughout great expanses of Europe; the questions of a nation's right

to its chosen ruler and government, agitated in a new form during the

Hundred Days, were those with which succeeding generations were

concerned until they were answered in the affirmative. The difference

between the France of 1802 and that of 1815 is on one side painful,

but on another side it is remarkably significant. The former was

transitional and chaotic; the latter had that amazing but completed

social union, stronger than any ever known in history, which has saved

the country in succeeding storm-periods. In it there was respect for

persons, for contract, for property; the administration was unitary,

homogeneous, and active; the finances, though not regulated, were

restored to vigor; and the processes were inaugurated by which the

great cities of France have become healthful and beautiful, while at

the same time the internal improvements of the country have been

systematized and rendered splendid in their efficiency. Revolutionary

concepts were so modified and assimilated that the efforts of the

dynasties, when put to the test of public opinion, failed because they

were felt to be absurd by the masses. It was one of Napoleon's

aphorisms that "to have the right of using nations, you must begin by

serving them well." Like a good burgher, he made his servants

comfortable and happy. His example, moreover, was reflected abroad

throughout Europe; and to the millions of plain and not very shrewd

inhabitants of other lands, the Revolution, as Napoleon had shaped it,

lost many of the horrors with which Jacobinism, to the everlasting

damnation of both the thing and its name, had clothed it. It is a

question whether there was in existence a strong liberal France, such

as idealists depict, that could pacifically have done this wonderful

work. Examining and duly weighing the desperation of dynastic

absolutism, it looks as if nothing but the counter-poison of

Napoleon's militarism could have prevented its annihilating French

liberalism. Without Napoleon the conservative liberalism of to-day

would have been impossible.

Turning to the field of general history, there are certain facts,

admittedly Napoleon's doing, which quite as certainly are among the

most important factors of contemporary politics. Of themselves

these would suffice to give him a high place in constructive

history. In the first place, he deprived England of the monopoly in

what had long been essentially and peculiarly her political ideal.

What was the basis of the long conflict between England and France

to which Napoleon fell heir? Was the struggle of these two glorious

and enlightened sister nations a struggle for territorial

ascendancy in Europe? Not entirely. Was it a life-and-death

struggle for ascendancy in the western world? No. The Seven Years'

War had decided that question against France, and the American war

for independence had in a sense evened the score in its decision

against England; for the prize had been awarded to a new people.

No; the conflict did not rage over this. What, then, was the cause?

Nothing less than a passion for the ascendancy of one of these

highest forms of civilization throughout the globe, including both

Europe and America. This Anglo-Saxon political, commercial,

religious, and social conception was, after the Napoleonic wars, no

longer confined to Great Britain. Thence onward the great powers

of Europe have been chiefly concerned, aside from their care for

self-preservation, in partitioning Africa and Asia among

themselves; and this process is no sooner complete than they begin

to murmur about the Monroe doctrine and to cast longing eyes toward

Central and South America. The state system which was once European

has become coextensive with the sphere on which we live, and this

notion of world-domination, so denounced when held by Napoleon, has

become the motive-power of every great modern civilization.

If we consider the national politics of Europe beyond the boundaries

of France, history again becomes a record of influences started by

Napoleon's works, either of commission or of omission. Russia's

grandeur as a European power appears to be largely due to the

temporary extinction of Poland's hope for national resurrection. Had

Napoleon, instead of playing his doubtful game with the grand duchy of

Warsaw, turned into an autonomous permanency the scarcely known

provisional government of Poland, which he actually inaugurated and

which worked for a considerable time, and had he restored to its sway

both the Prussian and Austrian shares in the shameless partition, we

might have seen quite another result to the military migration of

1812. We can scarcely doubt, moreover, that Poland, restored under

French protection, would have been a buffer state between Russia,

Prussia, and Austria, rendering the crushing coalition an

impossibility in 1813, while in 1814 the allies could probably never

have crossed the French frontier, if indeed they had dared to go even

so far in their march across Europe. But his positive achievement was

quite as important. The Germany of to-day is a great federal state

guided, but not dominated, by Prussia. What are its other important

members? Bavaria, Wuertemberg, and Baden--all three in their present

extent and influence the creations of Napoleon; the nice balance of

powers in the German Empire is due to his arrangement of the map.

There is even a sense in which all Germany, as we know it, sprang full

armed from his head. He not merely taught the peoples of central

Europe their strategy, tactics, and military organization: it was he

who carried the standard of enlightenment (in his own interest, of

course, but still he carried it) through the length and breadth of

their territories, and made its significance clear to the meanest

intellect of their teeming millions. Thereafter the longings for

German unity, for German fatherland, for the organization of German

strength into one movement, could never be checked. The swarm of petty

tyrants who had modeled their life and conduct on the example of Louis

XIV, and who in struggling to vie with his villainies had debauched

themselves and their peoples, was swept away by Napoleon's

ruthlessness, to give place to the larger, more wholesome nationality

of the nineteenth century, which was destined in the end to inspire

the surrounding nations with the new concept of respect, not alone for

one's own nationality, but for that of others.

What French influence effected in Italy is a topic so recondite as to

require separate discussion; for the results were not so immediate or

so dramatic as they were in Germany. But the destruction of petty

governments was as ruthless as in the north; the ideas which marched

in Bonaparte's ranks found at least a large minority of intelligent

admirers among the invaded; and Italian unity, though won by a family

he feared and abused, is in no doubtful sense indebted for its

existence, not merely to Napoleon's age, but to the ideas he

disseminated and to the efforts at a practical beginning which he

made. As to Austria-Hungary, the new historical epoch which makes her

essentially the empire of the lower Danube takes its rise from

Napoleon's time and influence. The relaxation of her grasp on Italy

has thrown her across the Adriatic for the territorial expansion

essential to her position as a great power. It has been her mission to

rescue by moral influence some of the fairest lands in the Balkan

peninsula from waste and anarchy. Mere proximity is a powerful factor;

the turbulence of Austrian local patriotism has been the seed of

wholesome discontent among the Christian populations of Turkey, whose

first awakening was largely due to the emissaries sent by Napoleon to

fire the hearts of the oppressed and suffering subjects of that

distracted land. Servia is one example of this; and in a sense the

national awakening of Greece began with the hopes similarly aroused.

The astounding magic of his name in the United States is partly due to

a quality of the American mind which makes its possessor the

passionate and indiscriminating adorer of greatness in every form. The

Americans are more French than the French in their admiration of

power. But, after all, this is not the main reason for their interest

in Napoleon. They are, dimly at least, aware of certain facts which

have determined their history and made them an independent nation;

though already stated and discussed, we may be pardoned for

recapitulating them in this connection. Their first war for

independence left them tributary to the mother-country both

industrially and commercially. It was Napoleon who pitilessly, though

slyly and indirectly, launched them into the second war with Great

Britain, from which they emerged with some glory and some sense of

defeat, but, after all, with the tremendous and permanent gain of

absolute commercial independence. In the second place, their purchase

of Louisiana, though understood by only a few at the moment,

revolutionized their national system both inside and outside. That

momentous step destroyed the literal interpretation of the

constitution, hitherto enslaving a congeries of jarring little

commonwealths in the bondage of verbalism, because, though manifestly

beneficent and necessary, it could be justified before the law only by

an appeal to the spirit and not to the letter. Thenceforward Americans

have steadily been enlarging their constitutional law by

interpretation, and the apparent timidity of amendment which they

display is simply due to the absence of necessity for revision as long

as expansion by interpretation continues. But certainly quite as

important as this was also the displacement, by the acquisition of

that vast territory, of what may be called the national center of

gravity. Until then the aspirations of Americans had been toward

Europe; the public opinion of the country had, until then, demanded

the largest possible intercourse with that continent compatible with

freedom from political entanglement. Thereafter there was a change in

their spirit: a continent of their own was open to their energies. For

two generations their history has been concerned with exploration,

with mechanical invention, and with solving the great problem of how

to prevent an extension of slavery corresponding to the extension of

territory. But nevertheless, steadily and vigorously two correlated

concepts were propagating themselves: neglect of Europe, in order to

expand and assimilate their recent acquisition; industrial

exclusiveness, for the sake of this great home market which

immigration, settlement, and the formation of new commonwealths were

creating, not at the front door, but in the rear of the states

stretching along the Atlantic. This resulted in a temporary

"about-face" of the nation; and it is only now, when the prize of

material greatness and of territorial unity has been secured, that the

people turn once more toward the rising sun, in order to get from

older lands everything germane to its own civilization, and to

assimilate these acquisitions, if possible, in realizing its own

ideals of moral grandeur.

HISTORICAL SOURCES

In making this book I had access to the following original sources:

I. Unpublished Documents: _a_, The papers of the French Ministry of

Foreign Affairs during the years of Napoleon's life, including those

of the "Fonds Napoleon." _b_, The unpublished correspondence of

Napoleon kept in the French Ministry of War, including the "Volumes

Rouges" and the "Dossier de l'Empereur." This is as voluminous at

least as the published correspondence, but of personal and technical

rather than political interest. I have also consulted the archives of

the General Staff in the same building concerning many events

connected with Napoleon's career. _c_, The papers of Napoleon's youth

known as the Ashburnham papers, but now owned by the Italian

government, and kept in the Laurentian Library at Florence. Since I

used them they have been published by Masson and Biagi, but the

editors have corrected the text to an extent which is in our day not

considered scientific. _d_, The despatches of American diplomatists

resident abroad during Napoleon's career. _e_, Certain papers from the

Record Office in London relating to Napoleon's surrender and his life

in St. Helena. _f_, Certain papers of Henri Beyle containing

characterizations of Napoleon and contemporary anecdotes concerning

him. These were translated by Jean de Mitty from a cipher manuscript

in the public library at Grenoble. _g_, A considerable number of

Napoleon's letters, kindly put at my disposal by various collectors.

II. Published Official Papers. Within the last few years original

documents concerning the Napoleonic epoch have been printed very

extensively. Nearly all the important books are based on archival

research, and the respective authors generally print a certain number

of despatches or reports in justification of their conclusions. The

following collections are the most important: _a_, The Correspondence

of Napoleon. _b_, Official Papers of the Helvetic Republic. _c_,

Diplomatic Correspondence between Prussia and France, 1795-97. _d_,

Lord Whitworth's despatches. _e_, Ducasse's Supplement to Napoleon's

Correspondence. _f_, The Papers of Gentz and Schwarzenberg. _g_, The

Papers of Metternich. _h_, Napoleon's Letters to Caulaincourt. _i_,

Napoleon's Letters to King Joseph. _j_, The Letters of King Jerome,

Queen Catharine, and King Frederick of Wuertemberg. _k_, The Papers of

Castlereagh, Banks, Jackson, and other English statesmen of the time.

_l_, Diplomatic Correspondence between Russia and France. _m_, The

Archives of Count Woronzoff. _n_, Diplomatic Correspondence of the

Sardinian ambassadors at St. Petersburg. _o_, Diplomatic

Correspondence of the ministers of the republic and kingdom of Italy.

_p_, Lecestre's Unpublished Letters of Napoleon. This list might be

extended almost indefinitely by adding such collections as Ducasse's

Memoirs of King Joseph, Napoleon's Letters to Josephine, the

Correspondence of Eugene, etc., etc.; but these older books are too

well known to require enumeration, and, though authentic, are only

semi-official or personal publications.

III. Contemporary Memoirs. Those titles given in the bibliography are,

with a few exceptions, the most valuable. The positive, literal truth

of the so-called memoirs attributed to Bourrienne, Constant,

Caulaincourt, Barras, Fouche, and Avrillon is very slender. They are

all made by skilful patchwork and must be read with the utmost

caution. In fact, it is doubtful whether, with the exception of

Barras's scandalous record, they have, strictly speaking, any right to

the names they bear. This much negative value they have: that they

show how history can be falsified in one interest or another.

During the fourteen years which have elapsed since the book was

completed for magazine publication, and the twelve since it was

revised to the form of four volumes, great numbers of what were then

manuscript journals, memoirs, or letters have been printed and

published; of these proper use has been made in this edition, and

their titles are given in the bibliography. The author may be pardoned

for remarking that few details of importance have been found

incorrect, wherever experts agree, and that his many critics have made

no demand for the reconstruction of his characterization in its broad

outlines, however opposed they may be to his portrayals or

discussions.

This list of books makes no pretense to completeness. It is a

conservative estimate that there are two hundred thousand titles of

books relating to Napoleon and his age. What is here given is

sufficient to assure the reader a complete view of Napoleon and his

times from the best sources.

WM. M. SLOANE.

_New York, August 1, 1910._

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

=Briere, G.=; =Caron, P.=; et =Maistre, H.= Repertoire Methodique de

l'histoire moderne et contemporaine de la France. Paris, 1898 (one

vol. yearly).

=Cambridge Modern History=. New York and London, 1906. Vol. IX,

Napoleon.

=Catalogue de l'Histoire de France=. 15 v.

=Dahlmann, E. C.=, and =Waitz, G.= Quellenkunde der deutschen

Geschichte.

=Fournier, A.=, ed. Bourne, E. G. New York, 1903.

=Gardiner, S. R.=, and =Mullinger, J. B.= Introduction to English

History. London, 1894.

=Kircheisen, F.= Bibliography of Napoleon. Leipzig, 1902.

=Kircheisen, F.= Bibliographie du temps de Napoleon. Paris, Geneva,

London, 1908.

=Lumbroso, A.= Saggio di una bibliografia ragionata per servire alla

storia dell' epoca Napoleonica. Modena, 1894-96. Parts 1-5.

EUROPE

=Alison, Sir A.= History of Europe from the commencement of the French

Revolution in 1789 to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815. London,

1841-42. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Bredow, G. G.= Chronik des XIXten Jahrhunderts. 2 v. Altona, 1801.

Continued by C. Venturini. 20 v. Altona, 1809-28.

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=Faguet, E.= Politiques et moralistes du 19e siecle. Paris, 1891.

12{o}.

=Froidevaux, H.= La politique coloniale de Napoleon Ier. In Revue des

questions historiques, tom. 68, pp. 608-620. Paris, Ier avril, 1901.

=Heeren, A. H. L.= Handbuch der Geschichte des europaeischen

Staatensystems und seiner Colonieen. Goettingen, 1819.

=Houssaye, H.= 1814. 7 ed. Paris, 1888. 16{o}.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815. Paris, 1899.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815. Waterloo et la Terreur Blanche. Paris, 1899.

=Lavisse, E.=, et =Rambaud, A.= Histoire generale du IVme siecle a nos

jours. 12 v. Paris, 1893-1901. (Vol. IX, 1800-15. Bibliography.)

=Mahan, A. T.= Influence of Sea Power upon History. London, 1889.

8{o}.

=Mahan, A. T.= The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution

and Empire. 2 v. London, 1893.

=Montgaillard, J. G. M. Rocques de=. De la France et de l'Europe sous

le gouvernement de Bonaparte. Paris et Lyon, an XII (1804).

=Plotho, C.= v. Der Krieg des Verbuendet. Europa gegen Frankreich im

Jahre 1815. Berlin, 1818. 8{o}.

=Poelitz, K. H. L.= D. Europaeischen Verfassungen seit d. Jahre 1789 bis

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geordn., berichtigte u. ergaenzte Aufl. Leipzig, 1833. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Rambaud, A.=, et =Lavisse, E.= Histoire generale. v. Lavisse.

=Rocke, P.= Die Kontinentalsperre. Naumb., 1894. 8{o}.

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=Sorel, A.= Essais historiques et critiques. Paris, 1894.

TREATIES

=Angeberg, d'=. Le Congres de Vienne et les traites de 1815, precede

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8{o}.

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=Martens, G. F. de=. Recueil des principaux traites d'alliance, de

paix, de treve, etc., conclus par les puissances de l'Europe, tant

entre elles qu'avec les puissances et etats dans d'autres parties du

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=Pons, Andre, Comte de Rio=. Known as Pons de l'Herault. Le Congres de

Chatillon. Paris, 1825. 8{o}.

=Weiss, J. B. von=. Weltgeschichte (vols. XIX-XXII, 1795-1815).

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=Buchez, P. J. B.= Histoire parlementaire de la Revolution francaise.

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1845-47. 6 v. 12{o}.

=Constant de Rebecque, H. B.= Cours de politique const.; ou, Coll. des

ouvrages publ. sur le gouvernement representatif, avec une intr. et

des notes par Ed. Laboulaye. Paris, 1861. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Histoire des negociations diplomatiques relatives

aux traites de Mortfontaine, de Luneville et d'Amiens. Paris, 1855. 3

v. 8{o}.

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paix de Westphalie (to 1813). 14 v. Paris, 1849-59.

=Goldsmith, L.= Secret history of the cabinet of Bonaparte. London,

1810. 8{o}.

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avec l'Autriche et la Russie. Paris, 1859. 8{o}.

=Kiesselbach, W. D.= Continentalsperre in ihrer Oekonomisch-Polit.

Bedeutung. Ein Beitrag z. Handelsgeschichte. Stuttgart, 1850. 8{o}.

=Kleist, Heinr. v.= Politische Schriften und andere Nachtraege zu

seinen Werken. Mit einer Einleitung zum ersten Male herausg. von R.

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=Klinkowstroem, Clem. v.= Aus d. alten Registratur d. Staatskanzlei.

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=Lefebvre, A.= Histoire des cabinets de l'Europe pendant le consulat

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=Leouzon-le-Duc, L. A.=, Ed. Correspondance diplomatique du baron de

Stael Holstein et de son successeur le baron Brinkman: documents ined.

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8{o}.

=Maistre, J. de=. Correspondance diplomatique, 1811-17. Ed. par A.

Blanc. Paris, 1860. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Le departement des affaires etrangeres pendant la

Revolution (1787-1804). Paris, 1877.

=Montgaillard, J. G. M. Roques=, known as Comte de. Memoires

diplomatiques 1805-1819, extraits du ministere de l'interieur et

publies, avec une introduction et des notes, par Clement de Lacroise.

Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Collection generale et complete de lettres,

proclamations, discours, redigee d'apres le Moniteur, classee suivant

l'ordre du temps 1796-1807, accompagnee de notes historiques, publiee

par C. A. Fischer. Leipzig, 1808-13. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Pingaud, L.= Un agent secret sous la Revolution et l'Empire: le comte

d'Antraigues. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Pozzo di Borgo, Comte=. Correspondance diplomatique du C{te} Pozzo di

Borgo et du C{te} de Nesselrode depuis la Restauration.

=Pradt, D. D. de=. Histoire de l'ambassade dans le grand duche de

Varsovie en 1812. 5 ed. rev. et corr. Paris, 1815. 8{o}.

=Stewarton=. Secret history of the court and cabinet of St. Cloud. In

a series of letters. Anon. 4th American ed. New York, 1807. 12{o}.

=Tratchefski, A.= Relations diplomatiques de la Russie avec la France

a l'epoque de Napoleon I. Saint-Petersbourg, 1890-93. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Ulmann, H.= Russisch-preussische Politik unter Alexander I und

Friedrich Wilhelm III bis 1806, urkundlich dargestellt. 8{o}. Leipzig,

1899. Duncker.

=Vandal, A.= Negociations avec la Russie relatives au second mariage

de Napoleon. In Revue historique, tom. 44, pp. 1-42. Paris, 1900.

MILITARY HISTORY

=Aster, K. H.= D. Kriegsereignisse zwischen Peterswalde, Pirna,

Koenigstein u. Priesten im Aug., 1813, u. die Schlacht bei Kulm.

Dresden, 1845. 8{o}.

=Aster, K. H.= Gefechte u. Schlachten bei Leipzig im October, 1813. 2

Ausg. Dresden, 1852-53. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Aster, K. H.= Schilderung d. Kriegsereignisse in und vor Dresden, vom

7 Maerz bis 28 August, 1813. 2 Ausg. Leipzig, 1856. 8{o}.

=Barral, Georges=. L'epopee de Waterloo: narration nouvelle des cent

jours et de la campagne de Belgique en 1815. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Beauchamp, A. de=. Histoire des campagnes de 1814-15. Paris, 1815-17.

4 v. 8{o}.

=Beauharnais, le Prince Eugene de=. Memoires et correspondance

politique et militaire. Publ., annotes et mis en ordre par A. du

Casse. Paris, 1858-60. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Krieges von 1806-07, oder Bemerk.

Berichtigungen u. Zusaetze zu d. in Theile des Werkes: Geschichte d.

Kriege in Europa seit d. Jahre 1792 als Folgen d. Staatsveraenderung in

Frankreich unter Ludwig XVI, etc. Berlin, 1834. Breslau, 1836.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Krieges vom Jahre 1806 u. 1807, oder

Bemerk. Berichtigungen u. Zusaetze zu d. in Theile des Werkes, etc.

Breslau, 1836. (Contains the memoirs of Oginski, Eugen's von

Wuertemberg, and Bennigsen.)

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Franzoes.-russ. Feldzuegs im Jahre 1812.

Breslau, 1814. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Feldzuege 1814-15 in Frankreich, in

besond. Beziehung auf d. Commando d. Kronprinzen v. Wuertemberg,

herausg. v. d. Offizieren d. Wuertemb. Gen. Quart. Staabs. Stuttgart,

1818. 3 Hefte, mit 12 Plaenen.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Feldzuege v. 1813-14, von e. Offizier d.

alliirten Armee. Berlin, 1815. 8{o}.

=Bernays, Guillaume=. Schicksale d. Grossherzogth. Frankfurt u. seiner

Truppen. Eine kulturhistor. u. militaer. Studie aus der Zeit d.

Rheinbundes. Berlin, 1882. 8{o}.

=Berthezene, P.= Souvenirs militaires de la Republique et de l'Empire

[1798-1815]; publ. par son fils. Paris, 1855. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Bertin, G.= La campagne de 1814, d'apres des temoins oculaires. 8{o}.

Paris, 1897. Flammarion.

=Bertrand, E.= Les marins de la garde (1803-1815). 8{o}. Paris, 1895.

Baudin.

=Bleibtreu, K.= Geschichte und Geist der europaeischen Kriege unter

Friedrich dem Grossen und Napoleon. Leipzig, 1893.

=Borcke, J. v.= Kriegerleben. 1806-15. Nach dessen Aufzeichng. bearb.

von Leszczynski. Berlin, 1888. 8{o}.

=Bourgeois, R.= Relation fidele et detaillee de la derniere campagne

de Bonaparte terminee par la bataille de Mont Saint-Jean, dite de

Waterloo ou de la Belle Alliance, par un temoin oculaire. Paris, 1815.

8{o}.

=Bourgoing, P. de=. Itineraire de Napoleon I de Smorgoni a Paris,

episode de la guerre de 1812. Premier extrait des mem. militaires et

politiques inedits. Paris, 1862.

=Bustelli, G.= L'Enigma di Ligny e di Waterloo (15-18 giugno, 1815)

studiato e sciolto. 3 v. 8{o}. Viterbo, 1897. Agnesotti.

=Buturlin=. Hist. militaire de la campagne de Russie en 1812. Paris,

1824. 2 v. 8{o}. Atlas 4{o}.

=Chabot-Arnault=. Histoire des flottes militaires. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

=Charras, J. B. A.= Histoire de la campagne de 1815. Waterloo. Avec un

atlas. 6 ed. Paris, 1869. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Chesney, C. C.= Etude de la campagne de 1815: Waterloo. Bruxelles,

1870. 8{o}.

=Chesney, C. C.= Waterloo lectures. 2 ed. London, 1869. 8{o}.

=Chevalier, Ed.= Histoire de la marine francaise sous le Consulat et

l'Empire. Paris, 1886. 8{o}.

=Clausewitz, C.= v. Hinterlassene Werke ue. Krieg u. Kriegfuehrung.

Berlin, 1862-89. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Colin, J.= Etudes sur la campagne de 1796-97 en Italie. 8{o}. Av.

carte et croquis. Paris, 1897. Baudoin.

=Colomb, E.= v. Bluecher in Briefen aus den Feldzuegen 1813-15.

Stuttgart, 1876. 8{o}.

=Corte=. Battaglie di S. Michele e Mondovi. Torino, 1846.

=Damitz, K. von=. Geschichte des Feldzugs von 1815 in den Niederlanden

u. Frankreich. Berlin, 1837-38. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Danielson, J. R.= Finska kriget och Finlands krigare (1808-1809).

Stockholm, 1898. Wahlstrom.

=Danilewsky, M.= Darstellung d. Feldzuges in Frankreich im Jahre 1814.

In's deutsche uebertr. v. C. v. Kotzebue. Riga, 1837-38. 2 Bde.

=Danilewsky, M.= Geschichte des Krieges im Jahre 1812. Mit 33 Plaenen.

Riga, 1840. 8{o}.

=Danilewsky, M.= Geschichte des Vaterland. Krieges im Jahre 1812, auf

Allerhoechsten befehl des Kaisers von Russland verfasst. Aus d. Russ.

uebersetzt von C. R. Goldhammer. Riga, 1840. 4 Thle.

=Danilewsky, M.= Relation de la campagne de 1805 (Austerlitz). Tr. du

russe par le gen. L. Narischkine. Paris, 1846. 8{o}. 1 carte et 1

plan.

=Davout, L.=, Prince d'Eckmuehl. Operations du 3e corps, 1806-07.

Rapport publie par son neveu le general Davout, duc d'Auerstaedt.

Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Dechent=. Beitraege z. Gesch. des Feldzuges von 1806, nach Quellen des

Archivs Marburg. Berlin, 1887. 8{o}.

=De Cugnac=. Campagnes de l'armee de reserve en 1800. Tom. I: Passage

du grand Saint-Bernard. Tom. II: Marengo. Av. 21 cartes et croquis.

Paris, 1900-01. Chapelot.

=Delauney=. Napoleon et la defense des cotes. Extrait du "Memorial de

l'artillerie de la marine." Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Denniee=, Baron. Itineraire de l'Empereur Napoleon pendant la

campagne de 1812. Paris, 1842. 8{o}.

=Desbriere, E.= 1793-1805. Projets et tentatives de debarquement aux

iles britanniques. Av. 60 cartes et croquis. 3 v. 8{o}. Paris,

1901-02. Chapelot.

=Ditfurth, M.= D. Schlacht bei Borodino am 7 Sept., 1812. Mit besond.

Ruecksicht auf die Theilnahme d. deutschen Reitercontingente. Marburg,

1887.

=Doisy de Villargennes, A. J.= Reminiscences of Army Life under

Napoleon Bonaparte. Cin., 1884. 12{o}.

=Doerr, J. D.= Schlacht von Hanau am 30 Oktbr., 1813. Cassel, 1851.

8{o}.

=Doublet, P. J. L. O.= Memoires historiques sur l'invasion et

l'occupation de Malte par une armee francaise en 1798. Publ. pour la

premiere fois par le comte de Panisse-Passis. Paris, 1883. 12{o}.

=Dumas, M.= Precis des evenements militaires; ou, Essai historique sur

les campagnes de 1799 a 1814. Paris, 1816-26. 19 v. 8{o}.

=Durdent, R. J.= Campagne de Moscou en 1812. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Duruy, A.= Etudes d'histoire militaire sur la Revolution et l'Empire.

Paris, 1888. 8{o}. (First chapter is La conspiration du Gen. Malet.)

=Du Teil, B{on} J.= Napoleon Bonaparte et les generaux du Teil

(1788-94). L'Ecole d'artillerie d'Auxonne et le siege de Toulon. Une

famille militaire au XVIIIe siecle.

=Eniden, F.= Erinnerungen eines oesterreichischen Ordonnanzoffiziers

aus dem Feldzuge 1812. 8{o}. Wien, 1898. Seidel.

=Fabvier, C. N.= Journal des operations du sixieme corps pendant la

campagne de 1814 en France. Paris, 1819. 8{o}.

=Fezensac, R. E. P. J. de Montesquiou, duc de=. Souvenirs militaires

de 1804 a 1814. 4 ed. Paris, 1870. 12{o}.

=Foucart, P.= Bautzen (une bataille de 2 jours), 20-21 mai, 1813.

Paris, 1897. 8{o}.

=Foucart, P.= Campagne de Prusse (1806), d'apres les archives de la

guerre: Jena. Paris, 1887. 8{o}.

=Franzoesische= Armee im Jahre 1813, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte d.

Befreiungs Kriege. Berlin, 1889. 8{o}.

=Friant Comte=. Vie militaire du lieutenant-general comte Friant.

Paris, 1857. 8{o}.

=Gachot, E.= Histoire militaire de Massena. Paris, 1901.

=Gamot=. Refutation en ce qui concerne le M{al} Ney de l'ouvrage ayant

pour titre "Campagne de 1815 ... par le G{al} Gourgaud." Paris, 1818.

8{o}.

=Gardner, D.= Quatre-Bras, Ligny, Waterloo: Narrative of the campaign

in Belgium, 1815. London, 1882. 8{o}.

=Gerard, E. M., Comte=. Quelques documents sur la bataille de

Waterloo, propres a eclairer la question portee devant le public par

M. le Marquis de Grouchy. Paris, 1829. 8{o}.

=Giraud, P. F. F. J.= Campagne de Paris en 1814, precedee d'un coup

d'oeil sur celle de 1813; ou, Precis historique et impartial des

evenements depuis l'invasion de la France par les armees etrangeres

jusqu'a la capitulation de Paris, la decheance et l'abdication de

Buonaparte inclusivement. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Gleig, G. R.= Story of the battle of Waterloo. New York, 1847.

=Gouvion Saint-Cyr, L., Marquis de=. Memoires pour servir a l'histoire

militaire sous le Directoire, le Consulat et l'Empire, 1798-1813.

Paris, 1831. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Grenier, P.= Etude sur 1807 Manoeuvres d'Eylau et Friedland. Av.

croquis. Paris, 1901. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Gen.= Observations sur la relation de la campagne de 1815,

pub. par le Gen. Gourgaud; et refutation de quelques-unes des

assertions d'autres ecrits relatifs a la bataille de Waterloo. Paris,

1819. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Marquis de=. Memoires du M{al} de Grouchy. Paris, 1873-74. 5

v. 8{o}.

=Guillaume, F., dit Guillaume de Vaudoncourt=. Histoire des campagnes

de 1814 et 1815 en France. Paris, 1826. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Guillon, E.= Les complots militaires sous le consulat et l'empire,

d'apres les documents inedits des archives. 12{o}. Paris, 1894. Plon.

=Guillon, E.= Nos ecrivains militaires. Etudes de litterature et

d'histoire militaire. 2e ser. Depuis la Revolution jusqu'a nos jours.

12{o}. Paris. Plon.

=Hamilton, Captain Thomas=. Annals of the Peninsular campaigns from

1808 to 1816. Edinburgh, 1829. 3 v. 18{o}.

=Helfert=. D. Schlacht bei Kulm, 1813. Wien, 1863. Gr. 8{o}.

=Helldorff=. Zur Geschichte d. Schlacht bei Kulm. Aufklaerung

verschiedener bis jetzt unrichtig darg. Thatsachen ueber die Tage vom

25-30 August, 1813. Berlin, 1856. 8{o}.

=Heymes=. Relation de la campagne de 1815, dite de Waterloo, pour

servir a l'histoire du Marechal Ney. Paris, no date. 8{o}.

=Histoire= des societes secretes de l'armee et des conspirations

militaires qui ont eu pour objet la destruction du gouvernement de

Bonaparte. Paris, 1815. [Anon.]

=Hofmann, G. W. v.= Die Schlacht bei Borodino mit einer Uebersicht des

Feldzugs von 1812. Koblenz, 1846. 8{o}.

=Hooper, G.= Waterloo, the downfall of the first Napoleon. London,

1890. 16{o}.

=Hoepfner, Ed. v.= D. Krieg von 1806 u. 1807. Beitraege zur Geschichte

d. preuss. Armee nach d. Quellen d. Kriegs-Archivs bearb. Berlin,

1850-51. 4 v. 8{o}. Mit Schlacht u. Gefechts Plaenen u. Beilagen.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815. Waterloo. 8{o}. Paris, 1898. Perrin. Trad. en

allem. par A. Ostermeyer. 8{o}. London, 1900. Grant Richards.

=Jomini, H. de=. Portable atlas of the fields of Waterloo and Ligny.

Brussels, 1851. 8{o}.

=Jomini, H. de=. Histoire crit. et militaire des guerres de la

Revolution, 1792-1803. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1820-24. 15 v. 8{o} and atlas

fol.

=Jomini, H. de=. Precis politique et militaire des campagnes de 1812 a

1814, extr. des souvenirs ined., avec une notice biog. et des cartes,

plans et legendes, publ. F. Lecomte. Lausanne, 1886. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jomini, H. de=. Precis politique et militaire de la campagne de 1815,

pour servir de supplement et de rectification a la vie politique et

militaire de Napoleon, racontee par lui-meme. Paris, 1839. 8{o}.

=Jurien de la Graviere, J. B. E.= Guerres maritimes sous la Republique

et l'Empire, avec les plans des batailles navales ... et une carte du

Sund ... 3e ed. Paris, no date. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Koch, J. B. F.= Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de la campagne de

1814. Paris, 1819. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Krebs, L.=, et =Morris, H.= Campagnes dans les Alpes pendant la

Revolution, d'apres les archives des etats-majors francais et

austro-sarde (1794-1796). 8{o}. Av. 2 cartes et 7 croquis. Paris,

1895. Plon.

=Lacroix, D.= Les marechaux de Napoleon. 12{o}. Av. grav. Paris, 1896.

Garnier.

=Larrey, D. J.= Memoires de chirurgie militaire et campagnes. (In his

Mem. de med. et de chirur. militaire. 4 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1813-18.)

=La Tour d'Auvergne, E. de=. Waterloo. Etude de la campagne de 1815.

Avec cartes et plans. Paris, 1870. 8{o}.

=Lecene, P.= Les marins francais, 1793-1815. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1885.

8{o}.

=Legler, Th.= Denkwuerdigkeiten a. d. russischen Feldzuge vom Jahr

1812. Jahrb. des hist. Vereins des Kantons Glarus, 1868.

=Leissnig, W. S.= Maersche u. Kriegsereignisse, Terrain Bemerkungen, u.

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auf dem Zuge nach Moskau im Jahre 1812. I. Th. Marsch aus Lausitz,

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=Lewal=. La veillee d'Jena. Etude de strategie de combat. 8{o}. Paris,

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=Leydolph, E=. Die Schlacht bei Jena. Mit 2 Karten. 2 Aufl. 8{o}.

Jena, 1901. Braeunlich.

=Loben-Sels, E. von=. Precis de la campagne de 1815 dans les Pays-Bas.

La Haye, 1849. 8{o}.

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recits de Baudin, Bonaparte, de l'admiral P. Bouvet, du vice-admiral

Courbet, etc. 4{o}. Avec plans. Paris, 1900. Hachette.

=Loir, M.= Brueys a Aboukir (1er aout, 1798). 8{o}. Paris, 1900.

Chapelot. Extrait de la "Revue militaire."

=Loir, M.= Etudes d'histoire maritime (Revolution; Empire;

Restauration). 16{o}. Paris, 1901. Berger-Levrault.

=Loir, M.= Gloires et souvenirs maritimes. Paris, 1895. 4{o}.

=Lossau, v.= Charakteristik der Kriege Napoleons. (Mit Plaenen u.

Karten.) Karlsruhe, 1843-47. 3 v. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Lumbroso, B{on} A.= La campagne de Murat en 1815. Precis militaire et

politique de la campagne de J. Murat en Italie contre les Autrichiens.

8{o}. Paris, 1899.

=Maag, A.= Die Schicksale der Schweizer-Regimenter in Napoleons I

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Biel, 1900. Kuhn.

=Malachowski, v.= Ueb. die Entwickelung der Leitenden Gedanken zur

ersten Campagne Bonapartes. Ein Vortrag. Berlin, 1884.

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Allemagne, Italie) (Genappe, Fleurus, Ligny, Steinkerque, Neerwinden,

Malplaquet, Waterloo, Jena, Auerstaedt, Eylau, Friedland, Luetzen,

Dresde, Leipzig, etc.). Avec illustr. 4{o}. Paris, 1901. Hachette.

=Martinien, A.= Liste des officiers generaux tues ou blesses sous le

premier Empire. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Cavaliers de Napoleon. Paris, 1895. Fol.

=Menge, A.= Die Schlacht von Aspern am 21 und 22 Mai, 1809. Eine

Erlaeuterung der Kriegsfuehrung Napoleons I und des Erzherzogs Carl von

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gegen d. Russ. im Jahre 1812, mit besond. Ruecksicht auf d. Theilnahme

d. K. Wuertembergischen Truppen. Stuttgart, 1823. 2 Thle. 4{o}.

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supremacy of revolutionary France. New York, 1893. 8{o}.

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1817. 4{o}.

=Mueffling, A. G. v.= (genannt Weiss). Strategie napoleonienne. La

campagne d'automne de 1813 et les lignes interieures. 8{o}. Paris,

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Bluecher im Jahre 1815. Nebst d. Plaenen d. Schlachten von Ligny,

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=Mueffling, D.= Operationsplan der Preussisch-saechsischen Armee. 1806.

Schlacht von Auerstaedt, Rueckzug bis Luebeck. Weimar, 1807. 8{o}.

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l'armee prussienne en 1815. Stuttgart, 1817. 8{o}.

=Mueller, P.= L'Espionnage militaire sous Napoleon Ier. C.

Schulmeister. 12{o}. Paris, 1896. Berger-Levrault.

=Napier, Sir Wm.= History of the War in the Peninsula and the South of

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=Napoleon I.= Correspondance avec le ministre de la marine depuis 1804

jusqu'en avril, 1815. Extrait d'un portefeuille de Ste Helene. Paris,

1837. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Ney, M. L. F., duc d'Elchingen=. Documents inedits sur la campagne de

1815. Paris, 1840. 8{o}. See also Dumoulin.

=Noesfelt, F. A.=, und =Loebell, J. W.= Kriegsgeschichten aus d. Jahren

1812 u. 13, oder Darstellungen a. d. Feldzuegen d. Franzosen u.

verbuendeten Truppen, u. s. w. mit dem Plan d. Schlacht bei Leipzig.

Breslau, 1814-16. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Oman=. History of the Peninsular War. London, 1903. 3 v.

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Befreiungskriege. Berlin, 1884-86. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Pascallet, E.= Notice biog. sur M. le marechal marquis de Grouchy,

pair de France, avec des eclaircissements et des details hist. sur la

campagne de 1815 ... et sur la bataille de Waterloo. 2 ed. Paris,

1842. 8{o}.

=Pelet, J. J. G.= Reponse aux observations du Gen. Mueffling sur la

campagne de 1813. (Extrait du "Spectateur militaire.") = Pelet, J. J.

G., Baron=. Des principales operations de la campagne de 1813. Paris,

1826. 8{o}. (Extrait du "Spectateur militaire.")

=Pelet, J. J. G.= Tableau de la grande armee en sept. et oct., 1813.

(Extrait du "Spectateur militaire.")

=Pelleport, le gen. vicomte Pierre de=. Souvenirs militaires et

intimes de 1793 a 1853. Publ. par son fils sur manuscrits originaux,

lettres, notes et documents officiels laisses par l'auteur. Bordeaux,

1857. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Petzel=. Die Operationen Napoleons von La Rothiere bis Bar-sur-Aube

vom 1-25 Febr., 1814. 8{o}. Berlin, 1900. Mittler.

=Pfalz, A.= Die Marchfeldschlachten von Aspern und Deutsch-Wagram im

Jahre 1809. 2 Aufl. Kornenburg, 1900. Kuehkopf.

=Pfister, A.= Aus dem Lager der Verbuendeten, 1814 und 1815. Stuttgart

und Leipzig, 1897. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt.

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l'Empire. 2 v. 8{o}. Saumur, 1895-96. Milon.

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general Bonaparte. Paris, an VIII. 8{o}.

=Pion des Loches, A. A. F.= Mes campagnes (1792-1815). Notes et

correspondance, mises en ordre et publiees par M. Chipon et L.

Pingaud. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

=Plotho, C. v.= Tagebuch waehrend d. Krieges zwisch. Russland u.

Preussen in d. Jahren 1806 u. 7. Mit 2 Plaenen. Berlin, 1811. 8{o}.

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lebenden Freunde; historischen, wissenschaftlichen, kritischen u.

humoristischen Inhalts. Zur unterhaltenden Belehrung f. Eingeweihte

und Laien im Kriegswesen. Adorf, 1841-45. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Porter, Sir R. Ker.= Hist. de la campagne de Russie pendant l'annee

1812, contenant des details puises dans des sources officielles ou

provenant de recits francais interceptes et inconnus jusqu'a ce jour,

traduit de l'anglais sur la 6e ed. M.... avec des notes. Paris, 1817.

8{o}.

=Poyen, H. de=. Les guerres des Antilles de 1793 a 1815. 8{o}. Av.

cartes. Paris, 1896. Berger-Levrault. Extr. du Memorial de

l'artillerie de la marine.

=Quinet, E.= Histoire de la campagne de 1815. Paris, 1862. 8{o}.

=Radetzky, Graf=. Denkschriften militaerisch-politischen Inhalts aus

d. handschriftlichen Nachlass. Stuttgart, 1858.

=Roloff, G.= Politik und Kriegfuehrung waehrend des Feldzuges von 1814.

8{o}. Berlin, 1891. Mayer.

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atlas. New York, 1893. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Ropes, J. C.= First Napoleon. A sketch political and military.

Boston, 1895. 8{o}.

=Roth v. Schreckenstein=. D. Kavallerie in d. Schlacht an der Moskwa

(von d. Russen Schlacht bei Borodino genannt) am 7 Sept., 1812. Nebst

einigen ausfuehrlichen Nachrichten u. d. Leistungen des 4

Kavallerie-corps unter d. Anfuehrung d. Gen. Latour-Maubourg. Muenster,

1858. 8{o}.

=Roussel=. Les maitres de la guerre. Frederic II, Napoleon, Moltke.

Essai critique, d'apres des travaux inedits du G{al} Bonnal. 18{o}.

Paris, 1899. Montgredien.

=Rousset, C.= La grande armee de 1813. Paris, 1871. 8{o}.

=Rousset, C.= Les volontaires, 1791-94. Paris, 1870. 8{o}.

=Ruehle v. Lilienstern, J. J. v.= Reise eines Malers mit der Armee im

Jahre 1809. Rudolstadt, 1809-11. 3 v.

=Ruehle v. Lilienstern, Th. Jak.= Bericht von Augenzeugen v. d. Feldzug

im Oct., 1806. 2 Thle. Tuebingen, 1809.

=Ruehle v. Lilienstern, Th. Jak.= Pallas: e. Zeitschr. f. Staats. u.

Kriegskunst. Jahrg. 1808-10. 12 Hefte. (Battle of Wagram.)

=Ruestow, W.= D. Krieg von 1805 in Deutschland u. Italien. Als

Anleitung zu kriegshistorischen Studien bearb. Fraunfeld, 1853. 8{o}.

=Sargent, H. H.= Campaign of Marengo, with comments. 8{o}. London,

1897. Paul.

=Sargent, H. H.= Napoleon Bonaparte's first campaign, with comments.

8{o}. London, 1895. Paul.

=Saski=. Campagne de 1809 en Allemagne et en Autriche. 2 v. 8{o}.

Paris, 1899, 1900. Berger-Levrault.

=Sauzey=. Iconographie du costume militaire de la Revolution et de

'Empire, contenant de courtes notices historiques sur plus de deux

cent corps de troupes, et huit mille references a plus de cinq mille

planches d'uniformes colories. Av. preface par H. Bouchot. 16{o}.

Paris, 1901. Dubois.

=Schleiffer, A. D.= Schlacht bei Hohenlinden am 3 Dezbr., 1800, u. d.

vorausgegangenen Heeresbewegungen. Nach d. besten Quellen bearb. Mit

e. Legende u. color. Karte. Rathenow, 1885. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P. de=. Histoire de Napoleon et de la grande armee pendant

l'annee 1812. 16e ed. Paris, 1852. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Serurier, Baron=. Memoires militaires, mis en ordre et rediges par

son ami M. le Miere de Corvey. Avec une introduction de J. Turquan.

Paris, 1894. 18{o}.

=Siborne, W.= History of the War in France and Belgium in 1815. 3d ed.

London, 1848. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

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1809. 8{o}. Wien, 1899. Seidel.

=Soltyk, Comte R.= Napoleon en 1812. Mem. hist. et militaires sur la

campagne de Russie. Paris, 1836. 8{o}.

=Souvenirs militaires=. Napoleon a Waterloo, ou precis rectifie de la

campagne de 1815, avec des documents nouveaux et des pieces inedites,

par un ancien officier de la garde imperiale qui est reste pres de

Napoleon pendant toute la campagne. Paris, 1866. 8{o}.

=Stewart, C. W. V.= Histoire de la guerre de 1813 et 1814 en Allemagne

et en France. Paris, 1833. 8{o}.

=Stuhr, P. F.= D. drei letzten Feldzuege gegen Napoleon, Krit.

historisch dargestellt. Lemgo, 1832. 8{o}.

=Tondu-Nangis= pere. La bataille de Montereau (18 fevr., 1814). Av.

notes, etc. 16{o}. Montereau, 1900. Zanote.

=Treuenfeld, v.= D. Tage von Ligny u. Belle-Alliance. Hann., 1880.

8{o}.

=Wedel, C. A. W., Graf von=. Geschichte eines offiziers im Kriege

gegen Russland, 1812, etc. Berlin, 1897. Asher.

NAPOLEON

_a._ MEMOIRS

=Abell, Mrs. L. E. B.= Recollections of the Emperor Napoleon on the

Island of St. Helena. 3d ed., rev. by her daughter, Mrs. C. Johnston.

London, 1873. 12{o}.

=Allonville, Comte d'=. Memoires secrets de 1770 a 1830. Paris,

1838-45. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Anglemont, E. d'=. Le Duc d'Enghien, histoire-drame. Paris, 1832.

8{o}.

=Arnault, A. V.= Souvenirs d'un sexagenaire. Paris, 1833. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Audiffret-Pasquier, E. D., Duc d'=. Histoire de mon temps: Memoires

publ. par le Duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier. 5 ed. Paris, 1894. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Audiffret-Pasquier, E. D., Duc d'=. History of my time: Memoirs, ed.

by the Duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier, tr. by C. E. Roche. The Revolution,

the Consulate, the Empire. New York, 1893-94. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Avrillon, Mme.= Memoires sur la vie privee de l'Imp. Josephine, sa

famille, et sa cour. Paris, 1833. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Barante, A. G. P. Brugiere de=. Etudes historiques et biographiques.

Nouv. ed. Paris, 1858. 2 v. 18{o}.

=Barante, A. G. P. Brugiere de=. Souvenirs, 1782-1866. Publ. par son

petit-fils C. de Barante. Paris, 1890-95. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Barbe-Marbois, F. de=. Journal d'un deporte non juge; ou,

Deportation, en violation des lois, decretee le 18 fructidor an V. (4

Sept., 1797). Paris, 1834. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Barras, P. F. J. N., Comte de=. Memoires. Pub. avec une introduction

generale, des prefaces et des appendices par G. Duruy. Paris, 1895. 4

v. 8{o}.

=Baudouin, A.= Anecdotes historiques du temps de la Restauration,

suivies de recherches sur l'origine de la presse, son developpement,

son influence sur les esprits, ses rapports avec l'opinion publique,

les mesures restrictives apportees a son exercise. Paris, 1853. 12{o}.

=Bausset, L. F. J. de=. Memoires anecdotiques sur l'interieur du

palais. 1805-14. 2 ed. Paris, 1827. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Belliard, A. D.= Memoires (1792-1831), recueillis et mis en ordre par

M. Vinet. Paris, 1842. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Bellune, Claude Victor Perrin=, duc de, pair et marechal de France.

Memoires mis en ordre par son fils aine, Victor St. Perrin. Paris,

1847. v. 1. (No more published.)

=Beranger, P. J. de=. Ma biographie, suivie d'un appendice. 3 ed.

Paris, 1859. 12{o}.

=Bertin, G. La= campagne de 1812, d'apres des temoins oculaires. Paris

n. d. 8{o}.

=Beugnot, Comte J. C.= Memoires (1783-1815), publ. par le comte A.

Beugnot, son petit-fils. 3 ed. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

=Bigarre, General=. Memoires, 1775-1813. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Bonaparte, Lucien=, et ses memoires (1775-1840), ed. by T. Jung.

Paris, 1882. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Bonaparte, Lucien=. Reponse aux memoires du general Lamarque sur les

faits relatifs a 1815. London, 1835. 8{o}.

=Bourrienne, L. A. F. de=. Memoires sur Napoleon, le Directoire, le

Consulat, l'Empire et la Restauration. 1829.

=Broglie, A. C. L. V., Duc de=. Souvenirs. 1785-1870. Paris, 1886-87.

4 v. 8{o}.

=Buloz, A., Ed.= Bourrienne et ses erreurs volontaires et

involontaires; ou, Obs. sur ses memoires par Belliard, Gourgaud,

d'Aure, de Survilliers, Meneval, Bonacossi, d'Eckmuehl, Massias, Boulay

de la Meurthe, de Stein, Cambaceres. Paris, 1830. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Cadoudal, S. G. de=. Georges Cadoudal et la Chouannerie. Paris, 1887.

8{o}.

=Carnot, S. H.= Memoires, par son fils. Paris, 1861-64. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Castellane, B. E. V. E., le Marechal de=. Journal ... 1804-62. 2 ed.

Paris, 1895-97. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Caulaincourt=. Souvenirs du duc de Vicence. Recueillis et publies par

Charlotte de Sor (Mme. Oilleaux-Desormeaux). 4 ed. Paris, 1837. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Chaptal, J. A., Comte de Chanteloup=. Mes souvenirs sur Napoleon.

Publ. par A. Chaptal. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Chastenay, Mme. de=. Memoires. Publies par Roserot. Paris, 1896.

=Chateaubriand, M. le Vicomte de=. Memoires d'outre-tombe. Paris, n.

d. 6 v. 8{o}. (Oeuvres.)

=Chateaubriand, F. A. de=. Memoires de Bonaparte. Paris, 1860. 8{o}.

(Oeuvres, v. 3.)

=Consalvi, H., Cardinal=. Memoires, avec une intr. et des notes par J.

Cretineau-Joly. Ces mem. publ. pour la premiere fois sont enrichis du

fac-simile de 8 autographes precieux. Paris, 1864. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Constant de Rebecque, B.= Memoires sur les Cent Jours. Paris,

1820-22. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Courier, P. L.= Collection des lettres et articles publ. jusqu'a ce

jour. Paris, 1824. 8{o}.

=Davout=. Life. By Count Vigier. 2 v. Paris, 1898.

=Davout, L., Prince d'Eckmuehl=. Memoire au roi. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Dieffenbach, L. F.= Karl Ludwig, Schulmeister, d. Hauptspion,

Parteigaenger, Polizeipraefekt u. geheimer Agent Napoleons I. Eine mit

benuetzung zahlreicher, bisher unbekannter amtl. Aktenstuecke

angestellte histor. Untersuchung. Leipzig, 1879.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Le General Arrighi de Casanova, duc de Padoue.

Paris, 1866. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Le General Vandamme et sa correspondance. Paris,

1870. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Dufort, J. N.= Memoires sur les regnes de Louis XV et Louis XVI et

sur la Revolution. Publ. avec une intr. et des notes par R. de

Crevecoeur. Paris, 1886. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Dumas, C.= Memoirs of his own time, including the Revolution, the

Empire, and the Restoration. Philadelphia, 1839. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Dumoulin=. Proces du marechal Ney. Paris, 1815. 2 v.

=Ernouf, A. A.= Le Gen. Kleber: Mayence et Vendee, Allemagne,

expedition d'Egypte. 2 ed. Paris, 1870. 12{o}.

=Ernouf, A. A.= Maret, Duc de Bassano. 2 ed. Paris, 1884. 8{o}.

=Fain, A. J. F.= Manuscrit de 1812, contenant le precis des evenements

de cette annee pour servir a l'histoire de Napoleon. Paris, 1827. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Fain, A. J. F.= Manuscrit de 1813, pour servir a l'histoire de

l'empereur Napoleon. 3 ed. Paris, 1829. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Fain, A. J. F.= Manuscript of 1814: A history of events which led to

the abdication of Napoleon. London, 1823. 8{o}.

=Fleury de Chaboulon, P. A. E., Baron=. Memoires pour servir a l'hist.

de la vie privee, du retour, et du regne de Napoleon en 1815. London,

1820. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Fouche, F.= Memoirs of his public life, comprising letters to

Napoleon, Wellington, Bluecher, etc. London, 1818. 8{o}.

=Gaete, Duc de=. Memoires, souvenirs, opinions et ecrits. Paris, 1826.

2 v. 8{o}.

=Garat=. Eloge funebre des generaux Kleber et Desaix, prononce le 1er

vendemiaire an IX a la Place des Victoires. Paris, an IX. 8{o}.

=Geffroy, A.= Notices et extraits des manuscrits concernant l'histoire

ou la litterature de France qui sont conserves dans les archives ou

bibliotheques de Suede, Danemark et Norvege. Paris, 1856. 8{o}.

=Gentz, F. de=. Memoires et lettres inedits. Publ. par G. Schlesier.

Stuttgart, 1841.

=Gerando, M. A. de Rathsamhausen, baronne de=. Lettres, suivies de

fragments d'un journal ecrit par elle de 1800 a 1804. Paris, 1880.

12{o}.

=Grouchy, Marquis de=. Le M{al} de Grouchy du 16 au 19 juin, 1815,

avec documents historiques inedits et refutation de M. Thiers. Paris,

1864. 18{o}.

=Hobhouse, J. C.= Letters by an Englishman at Paris during the last

reign of the Emperor Napoleon I. Philadelphia, 1816. 8{o}.

=Home, G.= Memoirs of an Aristocrat and Reminiscences of the Emperor

Napoleon. London, 1838. 8{o}.

=Junot, L. P., Duchesse d'Abrantes=. Memoirs. London, 1831-35. 8 v.

8{o}.

=Junot, L. P., Duchesse d'Abrantes=. Memoires; ou, Souvenirs

historiques sur Napoleon et la Revolution, le Directoire, le Consulat,

l'Empire et la Restauration. 2 ed. Paris, 1835. 12 v. 8{o}.

=Kotzebue, A. F. F. v.= Erinnerungen aus Paris im Jahre 1804. Berlin,

1804. 2 v.

=Kotzebue, A. F. F. v.= Souvenirs de Paris en 1804. Trad. de l'all.

avec des notes. Paris, 1805. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Lafayette, G. M. de=. Memoirs, correspondence and manuscripts. Publ.

by his family. London, 1837. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Lafayette, G. M. de=. Mes rapports avec le Premier Consul

(1797-1805). (V. 5 of his Memoires.)

=Lamarque, M.= Memoires et souvenirs. Paris, 1835-36. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Lamothe-Langon, Baron E. L. de=. Memoires et souvenirs d'une femme de

qualite sur le Consulat et l'Empire. Paris, 1830. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Landrieux, J.= Memoires, 1795-97, avec une intr. biog. et hist. par

L. Grasilier. Tome 1er. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Larevelliere-Lepeaux, L. M.= Memoires. Publ. par son fils, sur le MS.

autographe de l'auteur, et suivis des pieces justificatives et de

corresp. inedites. Paris, 1895. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Laskey, J. C.= Description of the series of medals struck by order of

Napoleon Bonaparte. London, 1818. 8{o}.

=Lavalette, Comte de=. Memoires et souvenirs. Publ. par sa famille et

sur ses manuscrits, 1789-1829. Paris, 1831. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lejeune, L. F., Baron, General=. Memoires publies par M. G. Bapst.

Paris, 1895. 2 v. 16{o}.

=Lemann, J.= Napoleon 1er et les Israelites. La preponderance juive.

2me partie: Son organisation (1806-1815). 8{o}. Lyon, 1894, Vitte;

Paris, Lecoffre.

=Libri-Carrucci=. Souvenirs de la jeunesse de Napoleon. Paris, 1842.

8{o}.

=Macdonald, E. J. J. A., Duc de Tarente=. Souvenirs, avec une

introduction par M. C. Rousset. Paris, 1892. 8{o}.

=Mahon, Patrice= (Art Roe, Papa Felix). Trois Grenadiers de l'an VIII.

Paris, 1897. 8{o}.

=Maistre, J. de=. Memoires politiques et correspondance diplomatique.

Avec explications et commentaires historiques, par A. Blanc. 2e ed.

1859. 8{o}.

=Malouet, P. V.= Memoires. Publ. par son petit-fils. 2 ed. augm. de

lettres inedites. Paris, 1874. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Marbot, Baron M. de=. Memoires. Paris, 1891. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Marmont, A. F. L. Viesse de, Duc de Raguse=. Memoires. 1792-1841.

Paris, 1857. 9 v. 8{o}.

=Massena, A., Duc de Rivoli, Prince d'Essling, Marechal de France=.

Memoires, rediges d'apres les documents qu'il a laisses et sur ceux du

depot de la guerre et du depot des fortifications, par le general

Koch. Paris, 1848-50. 7 v. and atlas.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon chez lui. Paris, 1894.

=Melzi, d'Eril F., Duca di Lodi=. Memoire, documenti e lettere inedite

di Napoleone 1º e Beauharnais. Ed. G. Melzi. Milano, 1865. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Memoires= et souvenirs d'un pair de France, ex-membre du Senat

conservateur. Paris, 1829-30. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Memoires= tires des papiers d'un homme d'etat, sur les causes

secretes qui ont determine la politique des cabinets dans la guerre

de la Revolution, depuis 1792 jusqu'en 1815. Paris, 1828-38. 13 v.

8{o}. (Par le comte A. F. d'Allonville, A. de Beauchamp et A.

Schubart.)

=Meneval, C. F., Baron de=. Memoirs illustrating the history of

Napoleon I from 1802 to 1815. Ed. by his grandson, Napoleon Joseph de

Meneval (tr. by Robert H. Sherard). New York, 1894. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Miot de Melito=. Memoires (1788-1815). 2 ed. Paris, 1873. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Mollien, N. F., Comte=. Memoires d'un ministre du tresor public,

1780-1815. Paris, 1845. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Montegut, E.= Le Marechal Davout, son caractere et son genie. Paris,

1882. 12{o}.

=Muralt, C. v.= Hans v. Reinhard, Buergermeister d. Eidgenossischen

Standes Zuerich u. Landammann d. Schweiz. Beitrag z. Gesch. d. Schweiz

waehrend d. letzten Jahrzehnte; bearb. nach Reinhards nachgelassenen

Denkschriften, Tagebuechern u. Briefwechsel. Zuerich, 1838.

=Napoleon I.= Memoirs of the history of France. Hist. miscellanies.

London, 1823. 3 v. 8{o}. (Dictated to the Count de Montholon.)

=Napoleon I.= Memoirs of the history of France during the reign of

Napoleon, dictated by him at St. Helena. London, 1823-4. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Nasica, T.= Memoires sur l'enfance et la jeunesse de Napoleon I

jusqu'a l'age de 23 ans. Paris, 1852. 8{o}. 2e edit., 1865. 12{o}.

=Neuville, J. G. Hyde de=. Memoires et souvenirs. Paris, 1890. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Ney, M. L. F., Duc d'Elchingen=. Memoires. Publies par sa famille.

Paris, 1833. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Nodier, C. E.= Souvenirs, Portraits, Episodes de la Revolution et de

l'Empire. 7 ed. doublee par l'adjonction de morceaux nouveaux et

accompagnee de notes. Paris, 1863. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Nougarede de Fayet, A.= Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. le

comte Bigot de Preameneu, ministre des cultes sous l'Empire, l'un des

trois redacteurs du Projet de Code Civil. Paris, 1843. 8{o}.

=Odeleben, E. O. I., Freiherr von=. Napoleon's Feldzug in Sachsen im

Jahre 1813. 3 Aufl. Dresden, 1840. 8{o}.

=Pajol, C. P. V., C{te}=. Kleber, sa vie, sa correspondance. Paris,

1877. 8{o}.

=Pelet, J. J. G.= Mem. sur la guerre de 1809 en Allemagne, avec les

operations particulieres des corps d'Italie, de Pologne, de Saxe, de

Naples et de Walcheren. Paris, 1824-26. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Peyrusse, G. J. R., Baron=. 1809-15: Memorial et archives de M. le

B{on} Peyrusse, tresorier-general de la couronne pendant les Cent

Jours. Vienne, Moscou, Ile d'Elbe. Carcassonne, 1869. 8{o}.

=Pontecoulant, L. G. D., Comte de=. Souvenirs historiques et

parlementaires, extraits de ses papiers et de sa correspondance,

1764-1848. Paris, 1861-65. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Rapp, Gen.= Memoires des contemporains pour servir a l'histoire de la

Republique et de l'Empire. Iere livraison. Memoires du gen. Rapp.

Publies par sa famille. Paris, 1823. 8{o}.

=Recamier, Mme J. F. J. A. B.= Souvenirs et correspondance tires des

papiers de Mme Recamier (par Mme Lenormant). 3e ed. Paris, 1860. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Recamier, J. F. J. A. B.= Memoirs and correspondence. Tr. and ed. by

I. M. Luyster. London, 1867. 12{o}.

=Remusat, C. E. J. G. de V. de=. Memoires, 1802-08. Publies par Paul

de Remusat. Paris, 1880. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Remusat, C. E. J. G. de V. de=. Lettres, 1804-14. Publiees par Paul

de Remusat. Paris, 1881. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Rieu, J. L.= Memoires. Geneve, 1871. 18{o}.

=Roederer, P. L., Comte=. Oeuvres, publ. par son fils, A. M. Roederer.

Paris, 1853-59. 8 v. 4{o}.

=Saint-Elme, Ida=. Memoires d'une contemporaine; ou, Souvenirs d'une

femme sur les principaux personnages de la Republique, du Consulat, de

l'Empire, etc. (1792-1824). Paris, 1827-28. 8 v.

=Savary, A. J. M. R., Duc de Rovigo=. Memoires pour servir a l'hist.

de l'Empereur Napoleon. Paris, 1828. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P., Comte de=. Histoire et memoires. Paris, 1873. 7 v.

8{o}.

=Segur, P. P., Comte de=. Melanges. Paris, 1873. 8{o}.

=Stael-Holstein, Madame de=. Considerations sur la Revolution

francaise: Ouvrage posthume publ. en 1818 par M. de Broglie et M. de

Stael. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1861. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Stedingk, C. B. L. C., Comte de=. Memoires posthumes: rediges sur des

lettres, depeches et autres pieces authentiques, laissees a sa

famille, par le Gen. de Bjornstjerna. Paris, 1845-48. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Extraits des

Memoires de. Recueillis et mis en ordre par Madame la comtesse O ...

du C ... (le baron Lamothe-Langon), auteur des Memoires d'une femme de

qualite. Paris, 1838. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Memoires, publ.

avec une pref. et des notes par le Duc de Broglie. Paris, 1891. 4 v.

8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Correspondance

diplomatique: le ministere de Talleyrand sous le Directoire. Avec

intr. et notes par G. Pallain. Paris, 1891. 8{o}.

=Thibaudeau, A. C.= Memoires sur la Convention et le Directoire. 2e

ed. Paris, 1827. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Thibaudeau, A. C.= Memoires sur le Consulat de 1799 a 1804, par un

ancien conseiller d'etat. Paris, 1827. 8{o}.

=Thiebault, P. C. F. A. H. D., Baron=. Memoires, publ. sous les

auspices de sa fille, Mlle C. Thiebault, d'apres le MS. orig. par F.

Calmettes, 1769-1813. Paris, 1893-95. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Vauthier, G.= Essai sur la vie et les oeuvres de Nepomucene

Lemercier. Toulon, 1886. 8{o}.

=Villele, Comte de=. Memoires et correspondance. Paris, 1888-90. 5 v.

8{o}.

=Vitrolles, E. d'Arnaud, Baron de=. Memoires et relations politiques:

publ. par E. Forgues, 1814-1830. Paris, 1884. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Waldburg, G. T. v.= Nouvelle relation de l'itineraire de Napoleon de

Fontainebleau a l'ile d'Elbe. Trad. de l'allemand. Paris, 1815. 8{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= Le Duc d'Enghien, 1772-1804. Paris, 1888. 8{o}.

=Wiehr, E.= Napoleon und Bernadotte in Herbstfeldzuge 1813. Berlin,

1893. 8{o}.

=Wilson, Sir R. T.= Private diary during the campaigns of 1812-14;

from the invasion of Russia to the capture of Paris; ed. by H.

Randolph. London, 1861. 2 v.

NAPOLEON

_b._ HIS CORRESPONDENCE

=Davout, L., Prince d'Eckmuehl=. Correspondance: ses commandements, son

ministere, 1801-1815. Avec intr. et notes par Ch. de Mazade. Paris,

1885. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Driault, E.= Napoleon a Finkenstein (avril-mai, 1807), d'apres la

correspondance de l'empereur, les archives du ministere des affaires

etrangeres, les archives nationales. In Revue d'histoire diplomatique,

tom. XIII, pp. 404-462. Paris, 1899.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Supplement a la correspondance de Napoleon I:

lettres curieuses omises par le comite de publication, rectifications.

Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

=Fievee, J.= Correspondance et relations avec Bonaparte. Paris, 1837.

3 v. 8{o}.

=Fournier, A.= Zur Textkritik der Korrespondenz Napoleons I. (Archiv.

fuer Oesterr. Gesch., vol. 93.) Vienna.

=Guillois, A.= Napoleon: l'homme, le politique, l'orateur, d'apres sa

corresp. et ses oeuvres. Paris, 1889. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lecestre, Leon=. Lettres inedites sur Napoleon Ier (an VIII-1815).

Paris, 1897. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Le Vasseur=. Commentaires de Napoleon; suivis d'un resume des

principes de strategie du Prince Charles. Paris, 1851-52. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Livre IX=. Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de France en 1815, avec

le plan de la bataille de Mont Saint-Jean. Paris, 1820. 8{o}. This is

the "Second manuscrit venu de Sainte-Helene." It was attributed to

Napoleon and not repudiated by him.

=Marmottan, P.= Bonaparte et la republique de Lucques. Paris, 1896.

12{o}.

=Mauduit, H. de=. Les derniers jours de la grande armee; ou,

Souvenirs, documents, et correspondance inedite de Napoleon en 1814 et

1815. 2 ed. Paris, 1847-48. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Commentaires. Paris, 1867. 6 v. 4{o}.

=Napoleon I=. Confidential correspondence with his brother Joseph.

Sel. and tr. with notes from the "Mem. du roi Joseph." New York, 1856.

2 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Correspondance. Publ. par ordre de l'Empereur Napoleon

III. Paris, 1858-1870. 32 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Correspondance militaire, extrait de la corresp.

generale. Paris, 1876-77. 10 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I=. Lettres a Josephine et lettres de Josephine a Napoleon

et a sa fille. Paris, 1833. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Lettres inedites de. (An VII-1815.) Paris, 1897. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Letters to Caulaincourt. Published by A. Vandal in the

"Revue bleue," mars--avril, 1895.

=Napoleon I.= New letters omitted from the edition publ. under the

auspices of Napoleon III. Transl. by Lady M. Lloyd. London, 1897.

Heinemann.

=Napoleon I.= Oeuvres litteraires. Publ. d'apres les originaux et les

meilleurs textes, avec une intr., des notes historiques et litteraires

et un index par T. Martel. Paris, 1888. 4 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Oeuvres litt. et politiques. Nouvelle ed. (Ed. par P.

Lacroix.) Paris, 1840. 18{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Recueil, par ordre chronologique, de ses lettres,

proclamations, bulletins, discours sur les matieres civiles et

politiques, etc., formant une histoire de son regne, ecrite par

lui-meme et accompagnee de notes historiques par M. Kermoysan. Paris,

1853-1865. 4 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Selection from his letters and despatches. With explan.

notes by D. A. Bingham. London, 1884. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Opinions sur divers sujets de politique et

d'administration recueillies par un membre de son conseil d'etat

(B{on} Pelet) et recit de quelques evenements de l'epoque. Paris,

1833. 8{o}.

=Pelet de la Lozere, J.= Opinions de Napoleon sur divers sujets de

politique et d'administration, recueillies par un membre de son

conseil d'etat et recit de quelques evenements de l'epoque. Paris,

1833. 8{o}.

=Sassenay, Marquis de=. Napoleon I et la fondation de la Republique

Argentine. Jacques de Liniers et le marquis de Sassenay (1808-1810).

Paris, 1892. 12{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Correspondance

avec le Premier Consul pendant la campagne de Marengo. Publiee par le

Comte Boulay de la Meurthe. Extrait de la "Revue d'histoire

diplomatique." Laval, 1892. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Lettres inedites

a Napoleon (1800-1809), publ. d'apres les originaux conserves aux

archives des affaires etrangeres. Avec une intr. et des notes par P.

Bertrand. 2e ed. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

NAPOLEON

_c._ HIS FAMILY

=d'Arzuzon, C.= Hortense de Beauharnais. 12{o}. Paris, 1897. Levy.

=d'Arzuzon, C.= Mme Louis Bonaparte. 8{o}. Paris, 1901. Levy.

=Aubenas, J. A.= Histoire de l'Imperatrice Josephine. Paris, 1857-58.

2 v. 8{o}.

=Beauharnais, Eugene de=. Memoires et correspondance politique et

militaire. Edited by A. du Casse. 10 v. Paris, 1858-60.

=Becker, A.= Der Plan der zweiten Heirat Napoleons. In Mittheilungen

des Instituts fuer oesterreichische Geschichtsforschung, tom. 19, pp.

92-156. Innsbruck, 1898.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Les rois freres de Napoleon I; documents inedits

relatifs au premier Empire. Paris, 1883. 8{o}.

=Ducrest=. Memoires sur l'Imperatrice Josephine. Paris, 1828. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Durand, Madame=. Napoleon and Marie-Louise (1810-14). A memoir.

London, 1886. 12{o}.

=Herisson, M., Comte de=. Le cabinet noir: Louis XVII, Napoleon,

Marie-Louise. 14 ed. Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

=Lamothe-Langon, B{on} E.L. de=. Napoleon, sa famille, ses amis, ses

generaux, ses ministres et ses contemporains; ou, Soirees secretes du

Luxembourg, des Tuileries, de Saint-Cloud, de la Malmaison, de

Fontainebleau, etc., par M. le ... ex-ministre de S.M. Imperiale et

Royale. Paris, 1840. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Marie-Louise=. Correspondance, 1799-1847. Lettres intimes et inedites

a la comtesse de Colloredo et a Mlle de Poutet, depuis 1810 comtesse

de Crenneville. Paris, 1887. 18{o}.

=Marmottan, P.= Elisa Bonaparte. 12{o}. Paris, 1898. Champion.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon et sa famille. (1769-1802.) Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Memoires= sur l'Imperatrice Josephine, ses contemporains, la cour de

Navarre et de la Malmaison (par Mme G.D. Bochsa, niece de Mme de

Genlis). Paris, 1828. 3 v. 8{o}. (Attribues par M. Delacourt a Mme

Durand.)

=Meneval, C.F., Baron de=. Napoleon et Marie-Louise: souvenirs

historiques. 2 ed., cor. et augm. Paris, 1844-45. 3 v. 12{o}.

=Montesquiou, Abbe de=. Le divorce de Napoleon et l'abbe de

Montesquiou. Auch., 1895. 8{o}.

=Turquan, J.= Souveraines et grandes dames. L'Imperatrice Josephine

d'apres les temoignages des contemporains. Paris, 1896. 16{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= Le divorce de Napoleon. Paris, 1889. 12{o}.

=Wertheimer, E.= Die Heirat der Erzherzogin Marie Louise mit Napoleon

I. Wien, 1882.

NAPOLEON

_d._ HIS MARSHALS AND GENERALS. See also MEMOIRS

=Berthier, Marshal=. Life. by Gen. Derrecagaix (Part I, to 1804).

Paris, 1894.

=Bessieres, Marshal=. By A. Rabel. Paris, 1903.

=Blocqueville, A.L. d'Eckmuehl=. Le Marechal Davout, Prince d'Eckmuehl,

raconte par les siens et par lui-meme. Paris, 1879-80. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Davout, Marshal=. Correspondance (1801-05). Edited by C. de Mazade. 4

v. Paris, 1885.

=Desaix, General=. By J. Desaix and La Folliot. Paris, 1879.

=Dumas, General Comte M.= Souvenirs (1770-1836). Edited by his son. 3

v. Paris, 1839.

=Goecke, R.= Das Grossherzogth. Berg unter Joachim Murat, Napoleon I

u. Louis Napoleon, 1806-1813. Ein Beitrag zur gesch. der franzoes.

Fremdherrschaft auf dem rechten Rheinufer. Meist nach den Acten d.

Duesseldorfer Staats-Archivs. Koeln, 1877. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Marshal=. Memoires. Edited by the Marquis de Grouchy. 5 v.

Paris, 1873-74.

=Jourdan, Marshal=. Memoires militaires. 2 v. Paris, 1899.

=Lefebvre, Marshal=. By J. Wirth. Paris, 1904.

=Klaeber, H.= Leben und Thaten des franzoesischen Generals J.B. Kleber.

Dresden, 1900.

=Maret, Marshal=. Life, by A. A. Ernouf. Paris, 1891.

=Moreau, J. V.=, Vie politique, militaire et privee du General. By A.

de Beauchamp. Paris, 1814.

=Martha-Beker, F., Comte de Mons=. Etudes historiques sur le general

Desaix. Clermont-Ferrand, 1852. 8{o}.

NAPOLEON

_e_. HIS BIOGRAPHY

=Ashton, J.= English caricature and satire on Napoleon I. London,

1884. 2 v. New ed., 1888.

=Barni, J.= Napoleon I et son historien M. Thiers. Paris, 1865. 12{o}.

=Batjin, N.= Histoire de l'Empereur Napoleon Ier. London, 1867. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Baudus=. Etudes sur Napoleon. Paris, 1841. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Belloc, Mme. L. Swanton=. Bonaparte et les Grecs. Paris, 1826. 8{o}.

=Beyle, H.= (=Stendhal=, _pseud._). Vie de Napoleon: fragments. 2 ed.

Paris, 1877. 12{o}.

=Boehtlingk, A.= Napoleon Bonaparte: seine Jugend und sein Emporkommen

(1769-1801). 2 Ausg. Leipzig, 1883. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Bois, M.= Napoleon Bonaparte, lieutenant d'artillerie a Auxonne; vie

militaire et privee. 12{o}. Paris, 1898. Flammarion.

=Bonaparte, N. Joseph C. P., Prince=. Napoleon and his Detractors. Tr.

and ed. with a biog. sketch and notes by R. S. de Beaufort. London,

1888. 8{o}.

=Bondois, P.= Napoleon et la societe de son temps (1793-1821). 8{o}.

Paris, 1895. Alcan.

=Bonnal de Ganges=. La genie de Napoleon. Paris, 1896. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Bourrienne, L. A. F. de=. Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte. Ed. with

pref. and notes by R. W. Phipps. New York, 1889. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Chalamet, A.= Guerres de Napoleon, 1800-07, racontees par des temoins

oculaires. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Channing, W. E.= Remarks on the life and character of Napoleon

Bonaparte. Edinburgh, 1837. 16{o}.

=Chuquet, A.= La jeunesse de Napoleon. 3 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1897-99.

Colin. I. Brienne. II. La Revolution. III. Toulon.

=Colin, J.= L'Education militaire de Napoleon. Paris, 1900. Chapelot.

=Coquelle, P.= Napoleon et l'Angleterre, 1803-15. Paris, 1904.

=Coston, F. G., Baron de=. Biographie des premieres annees de Napoleon

Bonaparte, c'est-a-dire depuis sa naissance jusqu'a l'epoque de son

commandement-en-chef de l'armee d'Italie, avec un appendice renfermant

des documents inedits ou peu connus posterieurs a cette epoque. Paris,

1840. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Dayot, A.= Napoleon raconte par l'image. Paris, 1894. 4{o}.

=Des Armoises, O.= Avant la gloire. Napoleon enfant. Napoleon et ses

compatriotes. 18{o}. Paris, 1898. Librairie illustree.

=Ducere, E.= Napoleon a Bayonne. Bayonne, 1897. 8{o}.

=Dumouriez, C. F. D.= Jugement sur Bonaparte. (In his Memoires, v. 4.)

=Fischer, A.= Goethe und Napoleon. Eine Studie. 8{o}. Frauenfeld,

1899. Huber. Aufl. mit Anhang: Weimar und Napoleon. 8{o}. Ibid. 1900.

Ibid.

=Fournier, A.= Napoleon I. Eine Biographie. Leipzig, 1888-89. 3 v.

8{o}. (Das Wissen d. Gegenwart. v. 67, 71, 72.) Eng. trans. New York,

1903. (Bibliography.)

=Gadobert, B.= La jeunesse de Napoleon I. De 1786 au siege de Toulon.

(Relation inedite.) 12{o}. Paris, 1897. Chamuel.

=Gallois, Leon=. Histoire de Napoleon d'apres lui-meme. 5e ed. Paris,

1829. 8{o}.

=Garsou, J.= Beranger et la legende napoleonienne. 8{o}. Bruxelles,

1897. Weissenbruch.

=Garsou, J.= Les createurs de la legende napoleonienne. Barthelemy et

Mery. Bruxelles, 1899.

=Gautier, Paul=. Madame de Stael et Napoleon. Paris, 1903.

=Geoffroy de Grandmaison, C. A.= Napoleon et ses historiens. 12{o}.

Paris, 1896. Perrin.

=Germond de Lavigne, L. A. G.= Les pamphlets de la fin de l'Empire,

des Cent Jours et de la Restauration. Catalogue raisonne. Paris, 1879.

12{o}.

=Grand-Cartaret, J.= Napoleon en images. Estampes anglaises.

(Portraits et caricatures.) 4{o}. Avec 130 reproductions. Paris, 1895.

Firmin-Didot.

=Hazlitt, W.= Life of Napoleon Buonaparte. 2 ed. London, 1852. 4 v.

8{o}.

=Holzhausen, P.= Der erste Konsul Bonaparte und seine deutschen

Besucher. 8{o}. Bonn, 1900. Holzhausen.

=Jorissen, T.= Napoleon I et le roi de Hollande, 1806-1813, d'apres

des documents authentiques et inedits. (La Haye, M. Nighoff.) Paris,

1868. 8{o}.

=Jung, Th.= Bonaparte et son temps (1769-1799), d'apres les documents

inedits. Paris, 1880-81. 3 v. 12{o}.

=Lanfrent=. Histoire de Napoleon I. Paris, 1867-75. 5 v. 12{o}.

=Laurent, P. M.= History of Napoleon. London, 1840. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Laurent de l'Ardeche, P. M.= Histoire de l'Empereur Napoleon.

Illustree par H. Vernet. Paris, 1849. Gr. 8{o}.

=Lemoine, A.= Napoleon Ier et les Juifs. 18{o}. Paris, 1900. Fayard.

=Lettow-Vorbeck, O. von=. Napoleons Untergang, 1815. Berlin, 1904.

=Levy, M.= Bonaparte a Valence. 8{o}. Tournon, 1898. Boyer.

=Levy, A.= Napoleon intime. 5 ed. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Lockhart, J. G.= History of Napoleon Bonaparte. 3 ed. London, 1835. 2

v. 16{o}.

=Lumbroso, A.= Miscellanea Napoleonica. Roma, 1895, 1896, 1897. 8{o}.

=Lumbroso, A.= Napoleone I e l'Inghilterra. Roma, 1897. 8{o}.

=Maitland, Sir F. L.= Relation concernant l'embarquement et le sejour

de l'Empereur Napoleon a bord du _Bellerophon_. Paris, 1826. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Les debuts des Bonapartes. Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon chez lui: la journee de l'Empereur aux

Tuileries. Paris, 1894. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon et les femmes. I. L'Amour. Paris, 1894. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon inconnu. Papiers inedits (1786-93). Publies par

F. Masson et G. Biagi. Accompagnes de notes sur la jeunesse de

Napoleon (1769-93). Paris, 1895. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Monier, A.= Une annee de la vie de l'Empereur Napoleon; ou, Precis

historique de tout ce qui s'est passe depuis le 1 avril, 1814,

jusqu'au 21 mars, 1815 ... par A. D. B. M. 3 ed. rev. Paris, 1815.

12{o}.

=Napoleon Ier.= La Republique, le Consulat, l'Empire, Sainte-Helene,

d'apres les peintres, les sculpteurs et les graveurs. Album oblong.

Av. 80 planches et 500 gravures. Paris, 1895. Hachette.

=Norvins, J. M. de=. Histoire de Napoleon. 5 ed. Paris, 1834-36. 4 v.

8{o}.

=Paris= zur Zeit d. Kaiserkroenung. Nebst e Schilderung d.

Hauptpersonen bei diesem Merkwuerd. Feste u. Napoleons Bildn. Leipzig,

1805. 8{o}.

=Pelissier, L. G.= Le registre de l'ile d'Elbe. Lettres et ordres

inedits de Napoleon Ier, 28 mai, 1814,-22 fevr., 1815. 12{o}. Paris,

1897. Fontemoing.

=Peyre, R.= Napoleon I et son temps: histoire militaire, gouvernement

interieur, lettres, sciences et arts. Paris, 1888. 4{o}.

=Pingaud, L.= Bernadotte, Napoleon et les Bourbons. Paris, 1901.

=Poullet, P.= La Belgique et la chute de Napoleon I. Extrait de la

"Revue generale." Bruxelles, 1895. 8{o}.

=Prentout, H.= L'Ile de France sous Decaen, 1803-10. 8{o}. Paris,

1901. Hachette.

=Remacle, C{te} de=. Bonaparte et les Bourbons. Relations secretes des

agents de Louis XVIII a Paris sous le Consulat (1802-03). 8{o}. Paris,

1900. Plon.

=Reverend, V{te} A.= Armorial du premier Empire. Titres, majorats et

armoiries concedes par Napoleon Ier. 4 v. 4{o}. Paris, 1897. Champion.

=Riols, J. de=. Napoleon peint par lui-meme, anecdotes, souvenirs,

caractere, appreciations, etc. Paris, 1895. 18{o}.

=Rocquain, F.= Napoleon I et le roi Louis, d'apres les documents

conserves aux archives nationales. Paris, 1875. 8{o}.

=Roloff, G.= Napoleon I. 8{o}. Berlin, 1900. Bondi. Coll. Vorkampfer

des Jahrhunderts.

=Rose, J. H.= Napoleon and English Commerce. In English Historical

Review, v. VIII, pp. 704-725. London, 1893.

=Rose, J. H.= The Life of Napoleon I, including new materials from the

British official records. London, 1902.

=Saint-Hilaire, Marco=. Histoire populaire, anecdotique et pittoresque

de Napoleon et la grande armee. Paris, 1843. Gr. 8{o}.

=Scott, Sir Walter=. Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, with a preliminary

view of the French Revolution. Edinburgh, 1827. 9 v. 12{o}.

=Scott, Sir Walter=. Vie de Napoleon Buonaparte, precedee d'un tableau

preliminaire sur la Revolution franc. Paris, 1827. 9 v. 8{o}.

=Seeley, J. R.= Short History of Napoleon I. London, 1886. 8{o}.

=Seeley, J. R.= Courte histoire de Napoleon I. Trad. Paris, 1887.

18{o}.

=Segur, P. P. de=. Geschichte Napoleons und der grossen Armee im Jahre

1812. Stuttgart, 1841. 2 v. 16{o}.

=Sepet, M.= Napoleon, son caractere, son genie, son role historique.

Paris, 1894. 16{o}.

=Sorel, A.= Bonaparte et Hoche en 1797. Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Tatistcheff, S.= Alexandre I et Napoleon (1801-12), d'apres leur

correspondance inedite. Paris, 1891.

=Thibaudeau, A. C.= Histoire generale de Napoleon Bonaparte, de sa vie

privee et publique, de sa carriere politique et militaire, de son

administration et de son gouvernement. Paris, 1827-28. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Vallaux, C.= Les campagnes des armees francaises (1792-1815). Av. 17

cartes. 18{o}. Paris, 1899. Alcan.

=Vandal, A.= L'Avenement de Bonaparte. Paris, 1902.

=Vandal, A.= Napoleon et Alexandre Ier: l'alliance russe sous le

premier Empire. Paris, 1893-96. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Whately, R.= Historic doubts relative to Napoleon Buonaparte. With

intr. by H. Morley. New York, no date. 16{o}.

=Yorck v. Wartenburg=. Napoleon als Feldherr. 2 Aufl. Berlin, 1887-88.

2 v. 8{o}.

NAPOLEON

IN ELBA

=Campbell, Sir N.= Napoleon at Fontainebleau and Elba. 1814-1815.

London, 1869. 8{o}.

=Fabre, J.= De Fontainebleau a l'ile d'Elbe. Paris, 1887. 8{o}.

=Foresi, E.= Napoleone I all' isola dell' Elba. Firenze.

=Gourgaud et Montholon=. Memoires p. s. a l'histoire de France sous

Napoleon, ecrits a Sainte-Helene par les generaux qui ont partage sa

captivite, et publ. sur le manuscrit entierement corriges de la main

de Napoleon. 8 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1822-25. Didot. Bossange. Trad. en

allem., espagn., angl. et dan.

=Helfert, J. A.= Napoleon I Fahrt von Fontainebleau nach Elba,

April-Mai, 1814. Mit Benuetzung der aemtlichen Reiseberichte des

kaiserlich oesterreichischen Commissars Gen. Koller. Wien, 1874. 8{o}.

=Lancelotti=. Napoleon auf Elba. Dresden, 1815.

=Livi, G.= Napoleone all' isola d'Elba. Milano, 1888.

=Pelissier, L. G.= L'Ile d'Elbe au commencement du XIXe siecle. In

Bulletin de la Societe languedocienne de geographie, 1897.

=Pellet, E. A. M.= Napoleon a l'ile d'Elbe: melanges historiques.

Paris, 1888. 12{o}.

=Pichot, A.= Napoleon a l'ile d'Elbe: chronique des evenements de

1814-15, d'apres le journal du Col. Sir Neil Campbell, le journal d'un

detenu et autres doc. inedits ou pen connus, pour servir a l'hist. du

premier Empire et de la Restauration, accompagne d'une gravure en

taille douce. Paris, 1873. 8{o}.

=Waldburg, G. T. v.=, Ed. Napoleon Buonaparte's Reise von Fontainebleau

nach Frejus, vom 17 bis 29 April, 1814. Einzigrechtmaessig. Ausg. Berlin,

1815. 16{o}.

FRANCE

=Anti-Jacobin, or Weekly Examiner=. 1st ed. London, 1797-98. 2d ed.,

1799.

=Aucoc, L.= Conferences sur l'administration et le droit

administratif, faites a l'Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees. 3 ed. Paris,

1885-86. 2v. 8{o}.

=Aucoc, L.= Le conseil d'etat avant et depuis 1789, ses

transformations, ses travaux, et son personnel: Etude hist. et

bibliographique. Paris, 1876. 8{o}.

=Aulard, F. A.= Le Directoire executif (in Rambaud et Lavisse,

Histoire generale, t. VIII). Paris, 1898. 8{o}.

=Bailac, J. B.= Nouvelle chronique de la ville de Bayonne, par un

Bayonnais. Bayonne, 1827-28. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Barante, A. G. P. Brugiere de=. Histoire du Directoire de la

Republique francaise. Paris, 1855. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Ruckzugs d. Franzosen nach d. Schlacht

bei Leipzig. Leipzig, 1815. 8{o}.

=Bertrand, A.= L'Organisation francaise: le gouvernement,

l'administration. Paris, 1882. 12{o}.

=Bignon, L. P.= Histoire de France sous Napoleon, redigee et terminee

par A. Ernouf. Paris, 1838-50. v 14. 8{o}.

=Bire, E.= Causeries historiques. Les historiens de la Revolution et

de l'Empire. 8{o}. Paris, 1897. Bloud.

=Blanc, A. E.= Napoleon Ier: Ses institutions civiles et

administratives. Paris, 1880. 8{o}.

=Blanc, L.= Histoire de la Revolution francaise. Paris, 1847-62. 12 v.

8{o}. Nouvelle ed. ornee de 600 gravures. Paris, 1881. 2 v. 4{o}.

=Bogdanowitsch, M.= Geschichte d. Krieges 1814 in Frankreich u. d.

Sturzes Napoleons I, nach d. zuverlaessigsten Quellen. Aus d. Russ. von

G. Baumgarten. Leipzig, 1866. 8{o}.

=Boissonnade, J. F.= Critique litteraire sous le premier Empire. Publ.

par F. Colincamp. Paris, 1863. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Bosse, R. H. B. von=. Uebersicht d. franzoesischen Staatswirthschaft.

Braunschw., 1806. 2 Thle.

=Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte de=. Les dernieres annees du Duc

d'Enghien. (1801-1804.) Paris, 1886. 12{o}.

=Brunetiere, F.= Etudes critiques sur l'histoire de la litterature

francaise. Paris, 1880-93. 5 v. 12{o}.

=Buchez, P. B. J., et Roux-Lavergne, P. C.= Histoire parlementaire de

la Revolution francaise; ou, Journal des assemblees nationales depuis

1789 jusqu'en 1815. Paris, 1833-1838. 40 v. 8{o}.

=Chuquet, A.= L'Alsace en 1814. 8{o}. Paris, 1900. Plon.

=Correard, F.= La France sous le consulat. 8{o}. Paris, 1899. May.

Coll. Bibliotheque d'histoire militaire.

=Cobbett, W.= Facts and observations relative to the peace with

Bonaparte. Philadelphia, 1802. 8{o}.

=Debidour, A.= Etudes critiques sur la Revolution, l'Empire et la

periode contemporaine. 12{o}. Paris, 1886. Charpentier.

=Debidour=. Histoire des rapports de l'eglise et de l'etat en France

(1789-1870). Paris, 1898. Alcan.

=Dejob=. L'Instruction publique en France et en Italie au XIXe siecle.

12{o}. Paris, 1894. Colin.

=Delplace, L.= La Belgique sous la domination francaise. 2 v. Louvain,

1896.

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Consulat et l'Empire (1800-14). (These.) Paris, 1897. Hachette.

=Desmarets, C.= Temoignages historiques, ou quinze ans de haute police

sous Napoleon. Paris, 1833. 8{o}.

=Dontenville, J.= Le General Moreau, 1763-1813. Paris, 1899.

=Duruy, A.= L'Instruction publique et la Revolution. Paris, 1882.

8{o}.

=Duvergier de Hauranne, P.= Histoire de gouvernement parlementaire en

France, 1814-1848; precedee d'une intr. Paris, 1857-65. 7 v. 8{o}.

=Faber, T.= Notices sur l'interieur de la France, ecrites en 1806.

St.-Petersbourg, 1807. 8{o}. (La paix de Tilsit arreta la publication

d'un second vol. qui devait paraitre. Le premier vol. n'a pas ete

repandu dans le public que par une reimpression faite a Londres, dans

le recueil intitule: "Offrandes a Bonaparte par trois etrangers."

1810.)

=Fauchille, P.= Du blocus maritime. Paris, 1882. 8{o}.

=Fauchille, P.= La question juive en France sous le premier Empire,

d'apres des documents ined. Paris, 1884. 8{o}.

=Fauriel, C.= Les derniers jours du Consulat, manuscrit ined. Publ. et

annot. par L. Lalanne. Paris, 1885.

=Fescourt=. Histoire de la double-conspiration de 1800 contre le

gouvernement consulaire et de la deportation qui eut lieu dans la

deuxieme annee du Consulat; contenant des details authentiques et

curieux sur la machine infernale et les deportes. Paris. 1818. 8{o}.

=Fievee, J.= Correspondance polit, et administrative, commencee au

mois de mai, 1814. 3 v. Paris, 1815-28. 12{o}.

=Forneron, H.= Hist. generale des emigres pendant la Revolution

francaise. 4 ed. rev. et corr. Paris, 1884. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Fortescue=. The manuscripts of J. B. Fortescue, Esq. Preserved at

Dropmore. London, 1894.

=Goncourt, E. et J. de=. Histoire de la societe francaise pendant le

Directoire. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1892. 12{o}.

=Gourgaud, G.= Campagne de 1815, ou relation des operations militaires

qui out eu lieu en France et en Belgique pendant les Cent Jours.

Paris, 1818. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Gen.= Fragments historiques relatifs a la campagne de 1815

et a la bataille de Waterloo. Paris, 1829. 8{o}.

=Hamel, E.= Hist. des deux conspirations du Gen. Malet. Nouv. ed.

rev., corr. et augm. d'une nouvelle preface. Paris, 1873. 8{o}.

=Hahn, L.= D. Unterrichtswesen in Frankreich mit einer Geschichte der

Pariser Universitaet. Breslau, 1848. 8{o}.

=Helie, F. A.= Les constitutions de la France. Ouvrage contenant,

outre les constitutions, les principales lois relatives au culte, a la

magistrature, aux elections, a la liberte de la presse, de reunion et

d'association, a l'organisation des departements et des communes, avec

un commentaire. Paris, 1875-79. 4 facs.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815, la premiere Restauration, le retour de l'ile

d'Elbe, les Cent Jours. 15 ed., rev. Paris, 1894. 12{o}.

=Hueffer, H.= Quellen zur Geschichte des Zeitalters der franzoesischen

Revolution. Leipzig, 1900. Teubner.

=Julien, B.= Histoire de la poesie francaise a l'epoque imperiale.

Paris, 1844. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jullien, M. A.= Entretien politique sur la situation actuelle de la

France et sur les plans du nouveau gouvernement. Paris, an VIII

(1800). 8{o}.

=Labaume, E.= Histoire de la chute de l'empire de Napoleon, ornee de

huit plans ou cartes pour servir au recit des principales batailles

livrees en 1815-16. Paris, 1820. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lacombe, P.= Essai d'une bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a

l'histoire religieuse de Paris pendant la revolution (1789-1802).

Paris, 1884. 8{o}.

=Lacretelle, C. J. D. de=. Dix annees d'epreuves pendant la

Revolution. Paris, 1842. 8{o}.

=Lafon, J. B. H.= Hist. de la conjuration du Gen. Malet, avec des

details officiels sur cette affaire. 2 ed., rev., corr. et augm. des

pieces offic. des proces; recueillies a la com. militaire, etc. Paris,

1814.

=Lamartine, A. M. L. de=. Histoire de la Restauration. Paris, 1851-52.

8v. 8{o}.

=Lamartine, A. M. L. de=. History of the restoration of monarchy in

France. New York, 1851-53. 8{o}.

=Lamothe-Langon, Baron E. L. de=. Les apres-diners de S. A. S.

Cambaceres, second consul, ou revelations de plusieurs grands

personages sur l'ancien regime, le Directoire, l'Empire et la

Restauration, recueillies et publiees par le b{on} E. L. de

Lamothe-Langon. Paris, 1837. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Lanzac de Laborie, de=. La domination francaise en Belgique,

1795-1814. Paris, 1895. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lavallee, J.= Histoire de l'origine, du progres et de la decadence

des diverses factions qui ont agite la France depuis le 14 juillet,

1789, jusqu'a l'abdication de Napoleon. London, 1816. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Lavisse, E.=, et =Rambaud, A=., Histoire generale du IVe siecle

jusqu'a nos jours, ouvrage publie sous la direction de. Paris,

1893-97. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Lubis, F. P.= Histoire de la Restauration (1814-1830). 2e ed. Paris,

1848. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Lubis, F. P.= Resume de l'histoire des Cent Jours. Paris, 1843.

12{o}.

=Mahan, A. T.= Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and

Empire, 1793-1812. London, 1893. 2 v. 8{o}.

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1883. 2 v. 18{o}.

=Merlet, G.= Tableau de la litterature francaise (1800-1815). Paris,

1877-84. 3v. 8{o}.

=Meyer, Fr. J. L.= Briefe aus d. Haupstadt u. dem innern Frankreichs

unt. d. Consular-regierung. Stuttgart, 1802. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Montglave, G. de=. Les souvenirs d'un grognard de la vieille. Paris,

1842. 8{o}.

=Mortimer-Ternaux=. Histoire de la Terreur (1792-1794). Paris,

1862-1881. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Nicolas, Ch.= Les Budgets de la France depuis le commencement du XIXe

siecle. Tableaux budgetaires. Paris, 1882. 4{o}.

=Nougarede de Fayet, A.= Recherches hist. sur le proces et la

condamnation du Duc d'Enghien. Paris, 1844. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Pajol, C{te}=. Pajol, general en chef, par le gen. de division C{te}

Pajol, son fils aine. Paris, 1874. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Panckoucke, P.= La Republique consideree dans ses divers

gouvernements, ou la France comme elle est apres ce qu'elle a ete.

Essai d'observations impartiales et instructives sur les evenements et

les hommes pendant la Revolution. Paris, an IV (1801). 8{o}.

=Passy, L.= Frochot, prefet de la Seine. Hist. administrative,

1789-1815. Paris, 1867. 8{o}.

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1802. 4{o}.

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Foerster. Berlin, 1867. 8{o}.

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ed. Paris, no date. 8{o}.

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napoleoniennes. Paris, 1893. Gr. 8{o}.

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en France le 31 mars, 1814. Par l'auteur du "Congres de Vienne," etc.

2e ed. Paris, 1822. 8{o}.

=Proces= instruit par la cour de justice criminelle contre Georges,

Pichegru, Moreau et autres prevenus de conspiration contre la personne

du Premier Consul. Paris, 1804. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Rapetti, P. N.= La defection de Marmont en 1814, ouvrage suivi d'un

precis des jugements de Napoleon Ier sur le marechal Marmont, d'une

notice bibliog., avec extraits de tous les ouvrages publ. sur le meme

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francais; ou, Essai sur la monarchie de Napoleon. Paris, 1820. 2 v.

8{o}.

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l'Empire et la Restauration. Memoires inedits publies par son fils.

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des conseillers d'etat charges d'une enquete sur la situation de la

republique, avec pieces inedites, de la fin du directoire, publiees

pour la premiere fois et precedees d'une preface et d'une

introduction. Paris, 1874. 12{o}.

=Rodriguez, J. A.= Relation historique de ce qui s'est passe a Paris a

la memorable epoque de la decheance de Napoleon Buonaparte, ecrite en

espagnol et traduite en francais par l'auteur. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Sainte-Beuve, C. A.= Chateaubriand et son groupe litteraire sous

l'Empire. Nouv. ed., cor. Paris, 1889. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Schaeffner, W.= Geschichte d. Rechtsverfassung Frankreichs. 2 Ausg.

Frankfurt-am-Main, 1859. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Schlarendorf, G. v.= Napoleon u. das franzoesische Volk unter seinem

Consulate. Hrsg. von J. F. Reichardt. Germanien., 1804. 8{o}.

=Schlarendorf, G. v.= Bonaparte and the French people under his

consulate. 5 American ed. New York, 1804. 8{o}.

=Schmidt, A.= Paris pendant la Revolution, d'apres les rapports de la

police secrete, 1789-1800. Trad. franc. accompagnee d'une preface par

P. Viollet. Paris, 1880-90. 3 v. 8{o}.

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1789-1800. Jena, 1874-76. 3 v. in 1. 8{o}.

=Schmidt, A.= Tableaux de la Revolution francaise. Publ. sur les

papiers inedits du departement de la police secrete de Paris. Leipzig,

1867-70. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Schoelcher, V.= Vie de Toussaint Louverture. Paris, 1889. 12{o}.

=Schoell, F.= Recueil de pieces officielles sur les evenements qui se

sont passes depuis quelques annees. Paris, 1814. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Sorel, A.= L'Europe et la Revolution francaise. Paris, 1893-95. 4v.

8{o}.

=Stourm, R.= Les finances de l'ancien regime et de la Revolution,

origines du systeme financier actuel. Paris, 1885. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Sybel, H. von=. Geschichte d. revolutionszeit von 1789-1800. Neue

Ausg. Stuttgart, 1882. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Taine, H.= Les origines de la France contemporaine. Paris, 1890-93. 5

v. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M.= Correspondance inedite du prince de

Talleyrand et du roi Louis XVIII pendant le congres de Vienne, publiee

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1845-62. 20 v. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Thiers, A.= History of the Consulate and the Empire of France under

Napoleon. Tr. by D. F. Campbell. London, 1845-62. 20 v. Also Atlas

fol. 1859.

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Paris, 1801-06. 4 v. 4{o}.

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l'avenement de Louis-Philippe de jan., 1815, a oct., 1830. Nouv. ed.

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=Veron, L. D.= Memoires d'un bourgeois de Paris, comprenant la fin de

l'Empire, la Restauration, la Monarchie de juillet, la Republique

jusqu'au retablissement de l'Empire. Paris, 1856-57. 5 v. 16{o}.

=Villemain, A. F.= Souvenirs contemporains d'histoire et de

litterature. Paris, 1855-56. 2 parts. 8{o}.

=Vuehrer, A.= Histoire de la dette publique en France. Paris, 1886. 8

v.

=Walsh, R.= Letter on the genius and dispositions of the French

government. Philadelphia, 1810. 8{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= La censure sous le premier Empire. Paris, 1882. 1 v.

8{o}.

=Williams, H. M.= Narrative of the events which have taken place in

France, with an account of the present state of society and public

opinion. 2 ed. London, 1816. 8{o}.

THE CODE

=Colmet de Santerre=. Le divorce de l'empereur et le code Napoleon.

8{o}. Paris, 1894.

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l'Empire. 8{o}. Paris, 1896. Picard.

=Jac, E.= Bonaparte et le code civil. De l'influence personnelle

exercee par le premier consul sur notre legislation civile. 8{o}.

Paris, 1898. Rousseau.

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cont. la discussion du projet de code civil. Annees IX-XII. Paris, an

XII (1803-04). 5 v. 4{o}.

=Perouse, H.= Napoleon I et les lois civiles du Consulat et de

l'Empire. Paris, 1866. 8{o}.

=Rehberg, A. W.= Ueber den Code Napoleon u. dessen Einfuehrung in

Deutschland. Hannover, 1814. 8{o}.

=Roloff, G.= Die Kolonialpolitik Napoleons I. Karte. Muenchen, 1899.

Oldenbourg, Coll. Historische Bibliothek.

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Napoleon. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1879. 8{o}.

=Thezard, L.= De l'influence des travaux de Pothier et du chancelier

d'Aguesseau sur le droit civil moderne. Paris, 1866. 8{o}.

GREAT BRITAIN

=Adolphus, J.= History of England from the accession to the decease of

King George III. London, 1840-45. 7 v. 8{o}.

=Alison, Sir A.= Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart,

the 2d and 3d marquesses of Londonderry; with annals of contemporary

events. Edinburgh, 1861. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Auckland=. Journal and correspondence of William, Lord Auckland.

London, 1861. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Bisset, R.= The History of the Reign of George III to the termination

of the late war. London, 1803. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Brougham.= Historical sketches of statesmen who flourished in the

time of George III. Paris, 1839.

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Lord Whitworth and others, now first printed. London, 1887. 8{o}.

=Buckingham=. Memoirs of the court and cabinets of George III, by the

Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. London, 1853-55. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Burghersh, Lord=. (John Fane, Earl of Westmoreland.) Memoir of the

operations of the allied armies under Prince Schwarzenberg and Marshal

Bluecher, 1813-14. London, 1822. 8{o}.

=Castlereagh, Lord=. Correspondence, despatches and other papers. Ed.

by C. W. Vane. London, 1851-53. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Charlemont, James, First Earl of=. Manuscripts and correspondence.

London, 1894. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Cockburn, Henry=. Memorials of his time. New ed. Edinburgh, 1874.

16{o}.

=Cornwallis=. Correspondence, ed. by Charles Ross. London, 1859. 3 v.

8{o}.

=Cottin, P.= Toulon et les Anglais en 1793, d'apres des documents

inedits. Avec 3 planches et 4 dessins. 8{o}. Paris, 1898. Ollendorf.

=Cottin, P.= L'Angleterre devant ses allies (1793-1814): Toulon

(1793), Anvers et Nimegue (1794), Quiberon (1795), Guadeloupe (1795),

Egypte (1798-1800), Naples (1799), Cadix et Cabrera (1808-14). 8{o}.

Paris, 1893. Aux bureaux de la Revue retrospective.

=Elliot, Sir G., Earl of Minto=. Life and Letters, 1751-1806. Ed. by

the Countess of Minto. London, 1874. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Fox, C. J.= Memorials and correspondence, Ed. by Lord J. Russell.

London, 1853-57. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Fox, Henry R.=, Lord Holland. Foreign reminiscences. Ed. by his son.

New York, 1851. 12{o}.

=Henry, W.= Events of a military life. London, 1843. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jackson, Sir G.= Diaries and letters from the peace of Amiens to the

battle of Talavera. Ed. by Lady Jackson. Paris, 1872. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jackson, Sir G.= The Bath Archives. A further selection from [his]

diaries and letters from 1809-16. Ed. by Lady Jackson. London, 1873. 2

v. 8{o}.

=James, W.= Naval history of Great Britain. London, 1860. 6 v.

=Laughton, J. K.= Life of Nelson. London, 1894. 2d ed. 1900.

=Laughton, J. K.= The Nelson Memorial. Nelson and his companions in

arms. London, 1896. 8{o}.

=Liverpool, Earl of (R. B. Jenkinson)=. Memoirs. London, 1827.

=Mahan, A. T.= Life of Nelson. London, 1897. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Malmesbury, Lord=. Diaries and Correspondence. London, 1844. 4 v.

8{o}.

=Massey=. A History of England during the reign of George III. London,

1855-63. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Maxwell, W. H.= Life of the Duke of Wellington. 4th ed. 1845. 3 v.

8{o}.

=Morris, Gouverneur=. Diary and Letters. New York, 1888. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Paget, Sir Arthur=. The Paget Papers. London, 1896. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Parliamentary History=. Vols. XXXVI _et seq_. London, 1803 _et seq._

=Romilly, Sir Samuel=. Memoirs and Correspondence. London, 1847. 3 v.

8{o}.

=Rose, G.= Diaries and Correspondence. Ed. by L. V. Harcourt. London,

1859. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P. de=. History of the expedition to Russia in 1812.

Philadelphia, 1825. 8{o}.

=Sidmouth=. Life and correspondence of Henry Addington, first Viscount

Sidmouth. Ed. by G. Pellew. London, 1847. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Sinclair, Sir J.= Correspondence, with reminiscences of the most

distinguished characters in Great Britain and in foreign countries

during the last fifty years. London, 1831. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Stanhope=. Life of the Right Honorable William Pitt. London, 1861-62.

4 v. 12{o}.

=Stewart, C. W. V=., first Earl Vane and third marquis of Londonderry.

Narrative of the war in Germany and France in 1813-14. London, 1830.

4{o}.

=Wellesley, A., Duke of Wellington=. Civil Correspondence and

Memoranda. London, 1860. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Wellesley, A., Duke of Wellington=. Despatches from 1799-1818. New

ed. London, 1837-38. 9 v. 8{o}. (Vols. 4-12 of Coll. Despatches.)

=Windham, W.= The diary of William Windham, 1784-1810. Ed. by Mrs.

Henry Baring. London, 1866. 8{o}.

=Yonge, C. D.= Life and administration of Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2d

earl of Liverpool (1786-1820). London, 1868. 3 v. 8{o}.

ITALY

=Besancenet, A. de=. Le General Dommartin en Italie et en Egypte.

Ordres de service. Correspondance, 1789-1799. Paris, 1880. 12{o}.

=Botta, C.= Storia d'Italia dal 1789 al 1814. Torino, 1824. 8 v.

=Bouvier, F.= Bonaparte en Italie (1796). 8{o}. Av. cartes. Paris,

1899. Cerf.

=Cantu, C.=, Ed. Corrispondenze di diplomatici della repubblica e del

regno di Italia 1796-1814. Compilazione archivistica. Vol. Iº. Milano,

1884. 8{o}.

=Castro=. Milano durante la dominazione napoleonica. Milano, 1880.

8{o}.

=Castro=. Storia d'Italia dal 1799 al 1814. Milano, 1881. 8{o}.

=Coignet, Capitaine=. Les cahiers (1799-1815), publ. d'apres le MS.

orig. par L. Larchey. Nouv. ed., rev. et cor. Paris, 1889. 12{o}.

=Coletta, P.= Storia del reame di Napoli dal 1734 al 1825. Paris,

1835. 8{o}.

=Coppi=. Annali d'Italia dal 1750 al 1807. Rome, 1849. 8{o}.

=Dandolo, G.= La caduta della republica di Venezia ed i suoi ultimi

cinquant'anni. Studii, storici, ed appendice. Venezia. 1855-57. 2 v.

8{o}.

=Dejob=. Mme de Stael et l'Italie (avec une bibliographie de

l'influence francaise en Italie, 1796-1814). Paris, 1890.

=Einsiedel, A. A. v.= Die Feldzuege d. Oesterreicher in Italien im

Jahre 1805. Mit 1 Schlachtplan u. 1 Karte. Weimar, 1812. 8{o}.

=Fabry, G.= Histoire de l'armee d'Italie (1796-97). De Loano a fevr.,

1796. 2 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1900. Champion. Tom. 3. 8{o}. Paris, 1901.

Chapelot.

=Gachot, E.= La deuxieme campagne d'Italie, 1800. 16{o}. Paris, 1898.

Perrin.

=Gaffarel, Paul=. Bonaparte et les republiques italiennes 1796-1799.

Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Graham, Colonel T.= Despatches on the Italian campaign of 1796-97.

Ed. by J. H. Rose. In English Historical Review, vol. 14, pp. 111-124,

321-331. London, 1900.

=Helfert, J. A.= Koenigin Karolina von Neapel u. Sicilien im Kampfe

gegen die franzoesische Weltherrschaft, 1790-1814. Mit Benuetzung von

Schriftstuecken des K. K. Haus-Hof-u. Staats-Archivs. Wien, 1878. 8{o}.

=Johnston, R. M.= The Napoleonic Empire in Southern Italy. 2 v.

London, 1904. (Bibliography.)

=La Folie, C. J.= (Coraccini, _pseud._) Histoire de l'administration

du royaume d'Italie pendant la domination francaise. Paris, 1823.

8{o}.

=La Folie, C. J.= (Coraccini, _pseud._) Storia dell'amministrazione

del regno d'Italia durante il dominio francese. Lugano, 1823.

=Liebenstein, T. E. F. v.= D. Krieg Napoleons gegen Russland in d.

Jahre 1812 u. 13. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1888. 2 Thle.

=Litta Biumi, A.= Della Battaglia di Montenotte. Milano, 1846. 8{o}.

=Lucchesini=. Historische Entwickelung der Ursachen und Wirkungen des

Rheinbundes. Aus dem Italienischen. Leipzig, 1822. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Nani-Mocenigo, Conte=. Venezia durante la dominazione napoleonica.

Venezia, 1896. 8{o}.

=Pellet, E. A. M.= Bonaparte en Toscane en 1796. Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

(Extrait de la "Revue bleue.")

=Reumont, A. v.= Beitraege zur Italienischen Geschichte. Berlin,

1853-57. 6 Bde.

=Rolhenburg, v.= Die Schlacht bei Rivoli. Leipzig, 1845.

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=Sforza, G.=, Ed. Sull' occupazione di Massa di Lunigiana da' Francesi

nel 1796, lettere d'un Giacobino. Lucca, 1880. 8{o}.

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1. De Montenotte au pont d'Arcole. v. 2, 3. De Rivoli a Marengo et a

Solferino. Paris, 1893. 4 v. 12{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= Le roi de Rome, 1811-32. Paris, 1897. 8{o}.

THE PAPACY

=Artaud de Montor, F.= Histoire des souverains pontifes romains.

Paris, 1847-49. 8 v. 12{o}.

=Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte de=, Ed. Documents sur la negociation du

concordat. Paris, 1891-95. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Chotard, H.= Le pape Pie VII a Savone, d'apres les minutes des

lettres ined. du gen. Berthier au prince Borghese et d'apres les

memoires ined. de M. de Lebseltern, conseiller d'ambassade autrichien.

Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

=Geoffroy de Grandmaison=. Napoleon et les cardinaux noirs, 1810-14.

Paris, 1895. 16{o}.

=Giucci, G.= Storio de Pio VII. Rome, 1857-64.

=Haussonville, J. O. B. de Cleron d'=. L'Eglise romaine et le premier

Empire, 1800-1814; avec notes, correspondances dipl. et pieces

justificatives, entierement inedites. 3e ed. Paris, 1870. 5 v. 8{o}.

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1871-74. 3 Thle.

=Pradt, D. D. de=. Les quatre concordats; suivis de considerations sur

le gouvernement de l'Eglise en general et sur l'Eglise de France en

particulier depuis 1515. Paris, 1818. 3 v. 8{o}.

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Pie VII et le consulat. Paris, 1894. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Theiner, A.= Hist. des deux concordats de la republique francaise et

de la republique cisalpine conclus en 1801-1803 entre Napoleon

Bonaparte et le Saint-Siege; suivie d'une relation de son couronnement

comme empereur des Francais par Pie VII, d'apres des doc. ined.

extraits des archives du Vatican et de celles de France. Paris,

1869-70. 8{o}.

SWITZERLAND

=Amtliche Sammlung= der Acten aus d. Zeit d. Helvetischen Republik

(1798-1803) in Anschluss an d. Sammlung d. aeltern. eidg. Abschiede.

Hrsg. auf Anordng. d. Bundesbehoerden. Bearb. v. J. Strickler. Bern,

1886-89. 3 Bde. 4{o}.

=Luginbuehl, R.= Ph. Alb. Stapfer, helvetischer Minister d. Kuenste u.

Wissenschaften (1766-1840). Ein Lebens u. Kulturbild. Basel, 1887.

8{o}.

=Oechsli, W.= Die Schweiz in den Jahren 1798 und 1799. 8{o}. Zuerich,

1899. Schulthess.

=Rutsche, P.= Der Kanton Zuerich zur Zeit der Helvetik (1798-1803).

8{o}. Zuerich, 1900. Fasi.

=Schweizer, P.= Geschichte der Schweizerischen Neutralitaet.

=Senfft, F. C. L., Comte de=. Memoires: organisation politique de la

Suisse, 1800-1813. Leipzig, 1863. 8{o}.

=Vulliemin, L.= Geschichte der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft.

Deutsch v. J. Keller. Aarau, 1877. 8{o}.

=Vulliemin, L.= Histoire de la confederation suisse. Ed. revisee et

corrigee. Lausanne, 1879. 2 v. 8{o}.

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

=Barkhausen, G. H.= Tagebuch eines Rheinbund-Offiziers aus dem

Feldzuge gegen Spanien und waehrend spanischer und englischer

Kriegsgefangenschaft. 1808-14. Hrsg. von seinem Enkel. 8{o}.

Wiesbaden, 1900. Bergmann.

=Baumgarten, H.= Geschichte Spaniens vom Ausbruch d. franzoesisch.

Revolution bis auf unsere Tage. Leipzig, 1865-71. 3 v. 8{o}.

(Staatengesch. d. neuesten Zeit. Bde. 9, 17.)

=Boppe, P.= La legion portugaise, 1807-13. 8{o}. Paris, 1897.

=Boppe, P.= Les Espagnols a la grande armee. Le corps de la Romana

(1807-08); le regiment Joseph-Napoleon (1809-13). 8{o}. Paris, 1899.

=Grolmann, E. v.= Tagebuch eines deutschen Offizier ueb. seinen Feldzug

in Spanien, 1808. Hrsg. v. P. T. Rehfues. Nuernberg, 1814.

=Hitzigrat, H.= Hamburg und die Kontinentalsperre. 4{o}. Hamburg,

1900. Herold (Programm).

=Joseph-Napoleon, King of Spain=. Memoires et correspondance politique

et militaire, publ., annot. et mis en ordre par A. du Casse. 2 ed.

Paris, 1854-55. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Lafuente y Zamalloa, M.= Historia-general de Espana, desde los

tiempos mas remotos hasta nuestros dias. Madrid, 1850-67. 30 v. 8{o}.

=Moore, J.= Narrative of the campaign of the British army in Spain

commanded by Sir John Moore. 2d ed. London, 1809. 4{o}.

=Rehfues, P. J.= Spanien nach eigner Ansicht im Jahre 1808 his auf die

neueste Zeit. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1813. 4 Bde.

=Southey, R.= Hist. of the Peninsular War. London, 1823-32. 3 v. 4{o}.

GERMANY, INCLUDING RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA

=Adam, A.= Aus dem Leben eines Schlachtenmalers, Selbstbiographie

nebst e. Anh. Hrsg. v. H. Holland. Stuttgart, 1886. 8{o}.

=Baader, J.= Streiflichter auf die Zeit d. tiefsten Erniedrigung

Deutschlands oder die Reichsstadt Nuernberg in d. Jahren 1801-1806.

Nuernberg, 1878.

=Beaulieu-Marconnay, Karl Frhr. v.= Karl v. Dalberg u. seine Zeit, zur

Charakteristik d. Fuersten Primas. Weimar, 1879. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Beer, A.= Geschichte des Welthandels im XIX Jahrhunderte. Wien,

1864-84. 2 Bde.

=Beer, A.= Zehn Jahre oesterreichischer Politik, 1801-1810. Leipzig,

1877. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Jahres 1813, von einem hoehern Offizier d.

preuss. Armee. Potsdam, 1843. 2 Bde. mit Beilagen.

=Beitzke, H.= Geschichte d. deutschen Freiheitskriege in den Jahren

1813-14. 4 neu bearb. Aufl. v. P. Goldschmidt. Bremen, 1883. 2 Bde.

8{o}.

=Blumenthal, M.= Der preussische Landsturm von 1813. Auf

archivalischen Grundlagen dargestellt. 8{o}. Berlin, 1900. Schroeder.

=Bockenheimer, C. E.= Erinnerungen an die Geschichte d. Stadt Mainz in

d. Jahren 1813 u. 14. Mainz, 1863. 8{o}.

=Bogdanowitsch, M.= Geschichte des Feldzuges im Jahre 1812, nach den

zuverlaessigsten Quellen. Aus d. Russ. v. G. Baumgarten. Leipzig,

1862-63. 3 Bde. 8{o}.

=Boehtlingk, A.= Napoleon Bonaparte u. d. Rastatter Gesandtenmord: ein

Wort an meine Herren Kritiker. Leipzig, 1883. 8{o}.

=Bouvier, F.= Les premiers combats de 1814. Prologue de la campagne de

France dans les Vosges. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Boyen, H. V.= Erinnerungen aus dem Leben d. Gen. Feldmarschalls H. v.

B. aus seinen Nachlass im Auftrage d. Familie, hrsg. v. F. Nippold. 3

Thle. Leipzig, 1889-90. 8{o}.

=Brandt, Heinrich=. Aus dem Leben des Generals der Infanterie von

Brandt, 2te Auflage. 3 Thle. Berlin, 1870-82.

=Burghersh, Lord=. Memoiren ueb. d. Operationen d. verbuendeten Heere

unter dem Fuersten Schwarzenberg u. dem Feldmarschall Bluecher waehrend

des Endes 1813 u. 1814. Aus d. Engl. von J. W. Schreiber. Berlin,

1844. 8{o}.