7. Equal suffrage brings together at the ballot-box the

enlightened common sense of American manhood and the unselfish

moral sentiment of American womanhood. Both of these elements

govern a well-regulated household, and both should sway the

political destinies of the entire human family. Particularly do

we need in this new commonwealth the home influence at the

primaries and at the polls. We believe with Emerson that if all

the vices are represented in our politics, some of the virtues

should be.

In 1902 Justice Corn, of the State Supreme Court, made the following

public statement:

Women of all classes very generally vote. Bad women do not

obtrude their presence at the polls, and I do not now remember

ever to have seen a distinctively bad woman casting her vote.

Woman suffrage has no injurious effect upon the home or the

family that I have ever heard of during the twelve years I have

resided in the State. It does not take so much of women's time as

to interfere with their domestic duties, or with their church or

charitable work. It does not impair their womanliness or make

them less satisfactory as wives and mothers. They do not have

less influence, or enjoy less respect and consideration socially.

My impression is that they read the daily papers and inform

themselves upon public questions much more generally than women

elsewhere.

Woman suffrage has had the effect almost entirely to exclude

notoriously bad or immoral men from public office in the State.

Parties refuse to nominate such men upon the distinct ground that

they can not obtain the women's vote.

The natural result of such conditions is to increase the respect

in which women are held, and not to diminish it. They are a more

important factor in affairs, and therefore more regarded. It is

generally conceded, I think, that women have a higher standard of

morality and right living than men. And, as they have a say in

public matters, it has a tendency to make men respect their

standard, and in some degree attempt to attain it themselves.

I have never been an enthusiastic advocate of woman suffrage as a

cure for all the ills that afflict society, but I give you in

entire candor my impressions of it from my observations in this

State.

In 1889, after women in Wyoming had very generally exercised the full

suffrage since 1869, Mrs. Clara B. Colby, editor of the _Woman's

Tribune_, Washington, D. C., compiled a report from the census

statistics. Those relating to crime, insanity and divorce were as

follows:

The population of the United States has increased in the last

decade 24.6 per cent. That of Wyoming has increased 127.9 per

cent. But while the number of criminals in the whole United

States has increased 40.3--an alarming ratio far beyond the

increase of population--notwithstanding the immense increase of

population in Wyoming, the number of criminals has not increased

at all, but there has been a relative decrease, which shows a

law-abiding community and a constantly improving condition of the

public morals. In 1870 there were confined in the jails and

prisons of Wyoming 74 criminals, 72 men and 2 women. The census

of 1880 shows the same number of criminals, 74, as against an

average number of criminals in the other Western States of 645.

This remarkable fact is made more interesting because the 74 in

1890 are all men, and thus the scarecrow of the vicious women in

politics disappears. Wyoming being the only State in which the

per cent. of criminal women has decreased, it is evident that the

morals of the female part of the population improve with the

exercise of the right of suffrage.

There were 189,503 insane in the United States, but there were

but three insane persons in Wyoming in 1880, all men. The

preponderance of insanity among married women is usually

attributed to the monotony of their lives, and since this is much

relieved by their participation in politics we should naturally

expect to find, as a physical effect, a decreased proportion of

insane women where woman suffrage prevails.

From 1870 to 1880 the rate of divorce increased in the United

States 79.4 per cent., three times the ratio of the increase of

population, and in the group of Western States, omitting,

Wyoming, it increased 436.7 per cent., almost four times the

average increase of population, while in Wyoming the average

increase in divorce was less than 50 per cent. of that of the

population.

Compare Wyoming with a typical Eastern State--Connecticut--the

latter has one insane person to every 363 of the population,

Wyoming has one to every 1,497. Nor is this wholly a difference

of East and West, for Idaho, its neighbor, shows one insane to

every 1,029. Especially would voting seem to increase the

intelligence of women, for in Connecticut there are over

seven-tenths as many female idiots as there are male idiots,

while in Wyoming there are only four-tenths as many.

Woman suffrage may have played no part in these statistics, but if

they had shown an _increase_ of crime, insanity and divorce, it

certainly would have been held responsible by the world at large.

* * * * *

NEW YORK.

The History is indebted to Attorney-General John C. Davies for most of

the information on School Suffrage contained in the New York chapter,

and also for the opinion which follows herewith on the right of women

in that State to hold office.

By the Consolidated School Law it is provided, as regarding

School Commissioners, that "No person shall be deemed ineligible

to such office by reason of sex, who has the other qualifications

as herewith provided;" and regarding common school districts, it

is provided that "Every district officer must be a resident of

his district and qualified to vote at its meetings." As certain

women are qualified to vote in any common school district, such

women are thus eligible to any _district_ office, including the

offices of trustee, clerk, collector, treasurer or librarian.

A similar provision in reference to union free schools, that "No

person shall be eligible to hold any school district office in

any union free school district unless he or she is a qualified

voter in such district and is able to read and write," permits

women to hold office as members of the board of education and

other district offices.

Aside from Chapter 214 of the Laws of 1892, which has been held

to be unconstitutional, I know of no provision of law extending

school suffrage to women in _cities_, except that charters of

certain third class cities have extended to women tax-payers the

right to vote upon a proposition involving the raising of a tax.

By the Public Officers' Law, Chap. 681 of the Laws of 1892,

Section 3, it is provided that "No person shall be capable of

holding a civil office who shall not, at the time he shall be

chosen thereto, be of full age, a citizen of the United States,

and resident of the State, and, if it be a local office, a

resident of the political subdivision or municipal corporation of

the State for which he shall be chosen, or within which the

electors electing him reside, or within which his official

functions are required to be exercised."

In the case of Findlay against Thorn, in the City Court of New

York, where the question arose as to the right of a woman to

exercise the office of notary public, Chief Justice McAdam

refused to pass upon the question, holding that the right could

be decided only in a direct proceeding brought for the purpose by

the Attorney-General, in which the notary might defend her title.

And the court adds:

"Whether a female is capable of holding a public office has never

been decided by the courts of this State and it is a question

about which legal minds may well differ. The Constitution

regulates the right of suffrage and limits it to 'male' citizens.

Disabilities are not favored and are seldom extended by

implication, from which it may be argued that if it required the

insertion of the term 'male' to exclude female citizens of lawful

age from the right of suffrage, a similar limitation would be

required to disqualify them from holding office. Citizenship is a

condition or status and has no relation to age or sex. It may be

contended that it was left to the good sense of the Executive and

to the electors to determine whether or not they would elect

females to office and that the power being lodged in safe hands

was beyond danger of abuse.

"If on the other hand it be seriously contended that the

Constitution by necessary implication, disqualifies females from

holding office, it must follow as a necessary consequence that

the Act of the Legislature permitting females to serve as school

officers (Chap. 9, Laws of 1880), and all other legislative

enactments of like import, removing such disqualifications, are

unconstitutional and void. In this same connection it may be

argued that if the use of the personal pronoun 'he' in the

Constitution does not exclude females from public office, its use

in the statute can have no greater effect. The statute, like the

Constitution, in prescribing qualifications for office omits the

word 'male,' leaving the question whether female citizens of

lawful age are included or excluded, one of construction.

"I make these observations for the purpose of showing that the

question whether females are eligible to public office in this

State, is one not entirely free from doubt and should not

therefore be decided where it arises, as it does here,

incidentally and collaterally. When the law officers of the State

see fit to test the question in direct proceedings for the

purpose, it will be time enough to attempt to settle the

contention. In such a proceeding, the case of Robinson (131 Mass.

376, and that reported in 107 Mass. 604), where it was held that

a woman could not be admitted to practice as an attorney and

counselor at law in Massachusetts, and those decided in other

States that they can hold office, may be examined and

considered."

See also Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law, Vol. 19, p. 403-4. I might

add that in this State there are many women who hold the office

of notary public.

* * * * *

WASHINGTON.

The following account of the unconstitutional disfranchising of the

women of Washington Territory in 1888 was carefully prepared by the

editors of the _Woman's Journal_ (Boston). When the editors of the

present volume decided to incorporate it as a part of the History of

Woman Suffrage it was submitted to Judge Orange J. Jacobs of Seattle

for legal inspection. He returned it with the statement that it was

correct in every particular. It constitutes one of the many judicial

outrages which have been committed in the United States in the

determination to prevent the enfranchisement of women:

Women voted in Washington Territory for the first time in 1884,

and were disfranchised by its Supreme Court in 1887.

Equal suffrage was granted by the Legislature in October, 1883.

The women at once began to distinguish themselves there, as in

Wyoming and elsewhere, by voting for the best man, irrespective

of party. The old files of the Washington newspapers bear ample

evidence to this fact. The first chance they had to vote was at

the municipal elections of July, 1884. The Seattle _Mirror_ said:

"The city election of last Monday was for more reasons than one

the most important ever held in Seattle. The presence of women at

the voting-places had the effect of preventing the disgraceful

proceedings usually seen. It was the first election in the city

where the women could vote, and the first where the gambling and

liquor fraternity, which had so long controlled the municipal

government to an enormous extent, suffered defeat."

The _Post-Intelligencer_ said:

"After the experience of the late election it will not do for any

one here to say the women do not want to vote. They displayed as

much interest as the men, and, if anything, more.... The result

insures Seattle a first-class municipal administration. It is a

warning to that undesirable class of the community who subsist

upon the weaknesses and vices of society that disregard of law

and the decencies of civilization will not be tolerated."

Quotations might be multiplied from the papers of other towns,

testifying to the independent voting of the women, the large size

of their vote, the courtesy with which they were treated, and the

greater quiet and order produced by their presence at the polls.

Next came the general election of November, 1884. Again the

newspapers were practically unanimous as to the result. The

Olympia _Transcript_, which was opposed to equal suffrage, said:

"The result shows that all parties must put up good men if they

expect to elect them. They can not do as they have in the

past--nominate any candidates, and elect them by the force of the

party lash."

The _Democratic State Journal_ said: "No one could fail to see

that hereafter more attention must be given at the primaries to

select the purest of material, by both parties, if they would

gain the female vote."

Charles J. Woodbury visited Washington about this time. In a

letter to the N. Y. _Evening Post_, he said: "Whatever may be the

vicissitudes of woman suffrage in Washington Territory in the

future, it should now be put on record that at the election, Nov.

4, 1884, nine-tenths of its adult female population availed

themselves of the right to vote with a hearty enthusiasm."

He goes on to say that he arrived in Seattle on Sunday, and was

surprised at the quiet and order he found prevailing, and at the

general Sunday closing of the places of business: "Even the bars

of the hotels were closed; and this was the worst town in the

Territory when I first saw it. Now its uproarious theaters,

dance-houses, squaw-brothels and Sunday fights are things of the

past. Not a gambling house exists."

Women served on juries, and meted out the full penalty of the law

to gamblers and keepers of disorderly houses. The Chief Justice

of the Territory was the Hon. Roger S. Greene, a cousin of U. S.

Senator Hoar, a man of high character and integrity, and a

magistrate celebrated throughout the Northwest for his resolute

and courageous resistance to lynch law. In his charge to the

grand jury at Port Townsend, August, 1884, he said:

"The opponents of woman suffrage in this Territory are found

allied with a solid phalanx of gamblers, prostitutes, pimps, and

drunkard-makers--a phalanx composed of all in each of those

classes who know the interest of the class and vote according to

it."

In his charge to another grand jury later, Chief Justice Greene

said:

"Twelve terms of court, ladies and gentlemen, I have now held, in

which women have served as grand and petit jurors, and it is

certainly a fact beyond dispute that no other twelve terms so

salutary for restraint of crime have ever been held in this

Territory. For fifteen years I have been trying to do what a

judge ought, but have never till the last six months felt

underneath and around me, in the degree that every judge has a

right to feel it, the upbuoying might of the people in the line

of full and resolute enforcement of the law."

Naturally, the vicious elements disliked "the full and resolute

enforcement of law." The baser sort of politicians also disliked

the independent voting of the women. The Republicans had a normal

majority in the Territory, but they nominated for a high office a

man who was a hard drinker. The Republican women would not vote

for him, and he was defeated. Next they nominated a man who had

for years been openly living with an Indian woman and had a

family of half-breed children. Again the Republican women refused

to vote for him, and he was defeated. This brought the enmity of

the Republican "machine" upon woman suffrage. The Democratic

women showed equal independence, and incurred the hostility of

the Democratic "machine."

Between 1884 and 1888 a change of administration at Washington

led to a change in the Territorial Supreme Court. The newly

appointed Chief Justice and a majority of the new judges of the

Supreme Court [appointed by President Cleveland] were opposed to

equal suffrage, and were amenable, it is said, to the strong

pressure brought to bear upon them by all the vicious elements to

secure its repeal. A gambler who had been convicted by a jury

composed in part of women contested the sentence on the ground

that women were not legal voters, and the Supreme Court decided

that the woman suffrage bill was unconstitutional, because it had

been headed "An Act to Amend Section So and So, Chapter So and So

of the Code," instead of "An Act to Enfranchise Women.".... When

the Legislature met in 1888 it re-enacted the woman suffrage

bill, giving it a full heading, and strengthening it in every way

possible.

Washington was about to be admitted as a State, and was preparing

to hold a Constitutional Convention to frame a State

constitution. There was no doubt that the majority of the women

wanted to vote. Chief Justice Greene estimated that four-fifths

of them had voted at the last election before they were deprived

of the right. Two successive Legislatures elected by men and

women jointly had re-enacted woman suffrage (for its continuance

had been made a test question in the choice of the first

Legislature for which the women voted, and that Legislature had

been careful to insert the words "he or she" in all bills

relating to the election laws). It was admitted on all hands that

if the women were allowed to vote for members of the

Constitutional Convention, it would be impossible to elect one

that would wipe out woman suffrage. It was therefore imperative

to deprive the women of their votes before the members of the

convention were chosen. A scheme was arranged for the purpose.

On the ground that she was a woman, the election officers at a

local election refused the vote of Mrs. Nevada Bloomer, a

saloon-keeper's wife, who was opposed to suffrage. _They accepted

the votes of all the other women._ She made a test case by

bringing suit against them. In the ordinary course of things, the

case would not have come up till after the election of the

constitutional convention. But cases for the restoration of

personal rights may be advanced on the docket, and Mrs. Bloomer's

ostensible object was the restoration of her personal rights,

though her real object was to deprive all women of theirs. Her

case was put forward on the docket and hurried to a decision.

The Supreme Court [George Turner and Wm. G. Langford] this time

pronounced the woman suffrage law unconstitutional on the ground

that _it was beyond the power of a Territorial Legislature to

enfranchise women_. The Organic Act of the Territory said that at

the first Territorial election persons with certain

qualifications should vote, and at subsequent elections _such

persons as the Territorial Legislature might enfranchise_. But

the court took the ground that in giving the Legislature the

right to regulate suffrage, Congress did not at the time have it

specifically in mind that they might enfranchise women, and that

therefore they could not do so.(!) The suffragists wanted to have

the case appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, but

Mrs. Bloomer refused.

The women themselves being prevented from voting, their friends

were not able to overcome the combined "machines" of both

political parties, and the intense opposition of all the vicious

and disorderly elements, at that time very large on the Pacific

Coast. A convention opposed to equal suffrage was elected, and

framed a constitution excluding women. A friend of the present

writer talked with many of the members while the convention was

in session. He says almost every lawyer in that body

acknowledged, in private conversation, that the decision by which

the women had been disfranchised was illegal. "But," they said,

"the women had set the community by the ears on the temperance

question, and we had to get rid of them." One politician said,

frankly, "Women are natural mugwumps, and I hate a mugwump."

The convention, however, yielded to the pressure sufficiently to

submit to the men a separate amendment proposing to strike out

the word "male" from the suffrage clause of the new State

constitution, but no woman was allowed to vote on it. In

November, 1889, this amendment was lost, the same elements that

defeated it in the convention defeating it at the polls, with the

addition of a great influx of foreign immigrants.

NATIONAL-AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION.

This is the most democratic of organizations. Its sole object is to

secure for women citizens protection in their right to vote. The

general officers are nominated by an informal secret ballot, no one

being put in nomination. The three persons receiving the highest

number of votes are considered the nominees and the election is

decided by secret ballot. Those entitled to vote are three

delegates-at-large for each auxiliary State society and one delegate

in addition for every one hundred members of each State auxiliary; the

State presidents and State members of the National Executive

Committee; the general officers of the association; the chairmen of

standing committees. The delegates present from each State cast the

full vote to which that State is entitled. The vote is taken in the

same way upon any other question whenever the delegates present from

five States request it. In other cases each delegate has one vote.

Any State whose dues are unpaid on January 1 loses its vote in the

convention for that year.

The two honorary presidents, president, vice-president-at-large, two

secretaries, treasurer and two auditors constitute the Business

Committee, which transacts the entire business of the association

between the annual conventions.

The Executive Committee is composed of the Business Committee, the

president of each State, and one member from each State, together with

the chairmen of standing committees; fifteen make a quorum for the

transaction of business. The decisions reached by the Executive

Committee, which meets during the convention week, are presented in

the form of recommendations at the business sessions of the

convention.

The constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote at any annual

meeting, after one day's notice in the convention, notice of the

proposed amendment having been previously given to the Business

Committee, and by them published in the suffrage papers not less than

three months in advance.

The association must hold an annual convention of regularly-elected

delegates for the election of officers and the transaction of

business. An annual meeting must be held in Washington, D. C., during

the first session of each Congress.

The Committee on Resolutions must consist of one person from each

State, elected by its delegation.

There are few changes in officers and the association is noted for the

harmony of its meetings, although the delegates generally are of

decided convictions and unusual force of character. Men are eligible

to membership and a number belong, but the affairs of the organization

are wholly in the hands of women.

Auxiliary State and Territorial associations exist in all but Wyoming,

Idaho, Utah, Arkansas, Nevada and Texas. Suffrage associations are not

needed in the first three, as the women have the full franchise.

OFFICERS FOR 1900.

Honorary Presidents, ELIZABETH CADY STANTON, New York City; SUSAN B.

ANTHONY, Rochester, N. Y.

President, CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT, New York City.

Vice-President-at-Large, REV. ANNA HOWARD SHAW, Philadelphia.

Recording Secretary, ALICE STONE BLACKWELL, Boston.

Corresponding Secretary, RACHEL FOSTER AVERY, Philadelphia.

Treasurer, HARRIET TAYLOR UPTON, Warren, Ohio.

Auditors, LAURA CLAY, Lexington, Ky.; CATHARINE WAUGH MCCULLOCH,

Chicago.

Honorary Vice-Presidents--[Prominent names mentioned in various

States.]

FOOTNOTES:

[499] For Congressional action see History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. II,

Chaps. XVII, XXIV, XXV; Vol. III, Chap. XXX; present volume, Chaps.

III, V, VI, Chapter on Wyoming, and references in footnote of Chap. I.

[500] This list is most incomplete, as members change so frequently

and the House has not voted on the question since 1869. Most of the

names given above are of those who have in some way openly advocated

the measure. Practically all of the members from the States where

women have the full franchise are in favor, and there always has been

a large number from Kansas. In 1896, in response to letters of

inquiry, many announced themselves as ready to vote for a suffrage

amendment.

[501] This is supplementary to matter contained in the State chapters.

STANDING COMMITTEES.

PROGRAMME--Carrie Chapman Catt, N. Y.; Rachel Foster Avery, Acting

Chairman, Penn.; May Dudley Greeley, Minn.; Lucy Hobart Day, Me.; Kate

M. Gordon, La.

CONGRESSIONAL WORK--Susan B. Anthony, N. Y.; Carrie Chapman Catt,

N.Y.; Harriet Taylor Upton, O.; Helen M. Warren, Wy.; Virginia

Morrison Shafroth, Col.

PRESS WORK--Elnora M. Babcock, N. Y.

ENROLLMENT--Priscilla Dudley Hackstaff, N. Y. and all State

Treasurers.

FEDERAL SUFFRAGE--Sallie Clay Bennett, Ky.; Martha E. Root, Mich.

PRESIDENTIAL SUFFRAGE--Henry B. Blackwell, Mass, and State Presidents.

NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS--Lucy E. Anthony, Penn.

RAILROAD RATES--Mary G. Hay, N. Y.

SPECIAL COMMITTEES.

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS AFFECTING WOMEN AND CHILDREN--Clara Bewick Colby,

D. C; Martha E. Root, Mich.; Annie L. Diggs, Kas.; Margaret O. Rhodes,

Okla.; Annie English Silliman, N. J.; Mary C. C. Bradford, Col.; Gail

Laughlin, N. Y.

LEGISLATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS--Laura M. Johns, Kas.

CONVENTION RESOLUTIONS--Susan B. Anthony, N. Y.; Carrie Chapman Catt,

N. Y.; Ida Husted Harper, D. C.; Anna Howard Shaw, Penn.; Rachel

Foster Avery, Penn.

POLITICAL EQUALITY SERIES--Alice Stone Blackwell, Mass.; Ida Husted

Harper, D. C.

LIFE MEMBERS. (1901.)

_Alabama_--Adella Hunt Logan.

_California_--Mrs. A. R. Faulkner, Mary Wood Swift.

_Colorado_--Mary C. C. Bradford, Emily A. Brown, Amy K. Cornwall,

Louisa S. Janvier, Emily R. Meredith.

_Connecticut_--H. J. Lewis.

_District of Columbia_--Julia L. Langdon Barber, Lucia E. Blount, Mary

Foote Henderson, Margaret J. Henry, Hannah Cassall Mills, Mary A.

McPherson, Martha McWirther, Mary C. Nason, Julia T. Ripley, Sophronia

C. Snow, C. W. Spofford, Jane H. Spofford, Mary E. Terry, Helen Rand

Tindall, Eliza Titus Ward, Nettie L. White.

_Georgia_--Gertrude C. Thomas.

_Illinois_--Sarah O. Coonley, Climenia K. Dennett, Emily M. Gross, Ida

S. Noyes, Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, Elmina Springer, Lydia A. Coonley

Ward.

_Indiana_--Ida Husted Harper, Alice Wheeler Peirce, May Wright Sewall.

_Iowa_--Martha C. Callanan, Nancy Logan, Mettie Laub Romans.

_Kansas_--Mabel LaPorte Diggs, Sarah E. Morrow.

_Kentucky_--Susan Look Avery, Sallie Clay Bennett, Mary B. Trimble,

Laura R. White.

_Louisiana_--Caroline E. Merrick.

_Maryland_--Caroline Hallowell Miller.

_Massachusetts_--Carrie Anders, Martha M. Atkins, Alice Stone

Blackwell, Henry B. Blackwell, Ellen Wright Garrison, Ellen F. Powers,

Caroline Scott, Pauline Agassiz Shaw, Nellie S. Smith.

_Michigan_--Delos A. Blodgett, Daisy Peck Blodgett, Olivia B. Hall.

_Minnesota_--Alice Scott Cash, Elizabeth A. Russell, Sarah Vail

Thompson.

_Missouri_--Phoebe W. Cousins, Virginia L. Minor, Sarah E. Turner.

_Nebraska_--Clara Bewick Colby, Mary Smith Hayward, Mary H. Williams.

_New Hampshire_--Marilla M. Ricker.

_New Jersey_--Florence Howe Hall, Laura Lloyd Heulings, Cornelia C.

Hussey, Dr. Mary D. Hussey, Mrs. S. R. Krom, Susan W. Lippincott,

Calista S. Mayhew, Dr. Sarah C. Spotteswoode, Ellen Hoxie Squier,

Elizabeth M. Vail.

_New Mexico_--Alice Paxson Hadley.

_New York_--Susan B. Anthony, Mary S. Anthony, Victoria Bradley,

Amelia Cameron, Cornelia H. Cary, George W. Catt, Carrie Chapman Catt,

Ella Hawley Crossett, Anna Dormitzer, Rebecca Friedlander, Fannie

Humphreys Gaffney, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Priscilla Dudley Hackstaff,

Sarah V. Hallock, Mary H. Hallowell, Mary G. Hay, Belle S. Holden,

Emily Howland, Hannah L. Howland, Dorcas Hull, Emma G. Ivins, Rhody J.

Kenyon, Mary Elizabeth Lapham, Semantha Vail Lapham, Mrs. Frank

Leslie, Mary Hillard Loines, Anne Fitzhugh Miller, Elizabeth Smith

Miller, Martha Fuller Prather, Euphemia C. Purton, Mary Thayer

Sanford, James F. Sargent, Angelina M. Sargent, Elizabeth Cady

Stanton, Fanny Garrison Villard, Julia Willetts Williams, Sarah L.

Willis.

_Ohio_--Caroline McCullough Everhard, Elizabeth J. Hauser, Sallie J.

McCall, Anna C. Mott, Alice E. Peters, Louisa Southworth, Susan M.

Sturges.

_Oklahoma_--Rachel Rees Griffiths.

_Pennsylvania_--Lucy E. Anthony, Mary Schofield Ash, Rachel Foster

Avery, Emma J. Bartol, Lucretia L. Blankenburg, Ellen K. Brazier, Emma

J. Brazier, Katherine J. Campbell, Kate W. Dewald, Julia T. Foster,

Alvin T. James, Helen Mosher James, Edith C. James, Dr. Agnes Kemp,

Caroline Lippincott, Mary W. Lippincott, Hannah Myers Longshore, Jacob

Reese, Rev. Anna Howard Shaw, Nicolas M. Shaw, M. J. Stecker, M.

Adeline Thomson.

_Rhode Island_--Sarah J. Eddy, Charlotte B. Wilbour, Sarah S. Wilbour.

_South Carolina_--A. Viola Neblett, Martha Schofield.

_Utah_--Emily S. Richards, Emmeline B. Wells.

_Wisconsin_--Rev. Olympia Brown.

_Persia_--Susan Van Valkenburg Hamilton (formerly of Indiana).

DELEGATES TO NATIONAL CONVENTIONS, 1883-1900.

At the national conventions those who occupy the platform and make the

addresses naturally have the most conspicuous place, but those who

come from the various localities, year after year, bringing the

reports from their States and taking their necessary part in the

proceedings, are equally valuable factors. Their names, at least,

should be preserved, and the following list, while by no means

complete, is as nearly so as it has been possible to make it. Those

which are included in the National chapters are not repeated. Many of

the women recorded below receive their deserved mention in the State

chapters.

_Alabama_: Amelia M. Dillard, Minnie Henderson. _Arizona_: Ex-Gov. and

Mrs. L. C. Hughes, Pauline M. O'Neill, Mrs. G. H. Oury. Arkansas: Mary

A. Davis, Lizzie D. Fyler, C. M. Patterson. _California_: Nellie

Holbrook Blinn, Amy G. Bowen, Emilie Gibbons Cohen, Warren C. Kimball,

Lucy Wilson Moore, Julia Schlesinger, Mary Simpson Sperry, Beda S.

Sperry, Mary Wood Swift. _Colorado_: Theodosia G. Ammons, Dr. Mary

Barker Bates, Margaret Bowen, Nettie E. Caspar, Hattie E. Fox, H.

Jennie James, B. R. Owens, Katharine A. G. Patterson, Eliza F. Routt,

Lucy E. Ransom Scott, Mary Jewett Telford, Harriet M. Teller.

_Connecticut_: Mrs. L. D. Allen, Rose I. Blakeslee, Sarah E. Browne,

Caroline B. Buell, Mrs. E. C. Champion, Alta Starr Cressy, Mrs. N. F.

Griswold, Addie S. Hale, Howard J. Hale, Ellen B. Kendrick, Emily O.

Kimball, Grace C. Kimball, Mary J. Rogers, Abby Barker Sheldon.

_Dakota Territory_: Marietta M. Bones, Linda B. Slaughter. _Delaware_:

Mary R. De Vou, Margaret W. Houston, Margaret E. Kent, Patience W.

Kent, Emma Lore, Mary Elizabeth Milligan, Adda G. Quigley, Mary H.

Thatcher, Elizabeth Bacon Walling. _District of Columbia_: Frances B.

Andrews, L. L. Bacon, Mary L. Bennett, Bessie Boone Cheshire, Anna

Gray De Long, Lucy S. Doolittle, Annie M. Edgar, Dr. Susan Edson, M.

J. Fowler, Emma M. Gillett, J. Minnie Holn, Martha V. Johnson, Carrie

E. Kent, Mrs. J. H. La Fetra, Mary S. Lockwood, Sarah J. Messer,

Henrietta C. Morrison, Helen Mitchell, Hattie E. Nash, Mary V. Noerr,

Ellen M. O'Connor, Mary A. Ripley, Mary L. Talbot, Cora De La Matyr

Thomas, Helen Rand Tindall, Eliza Titus Ward, Elizabeth Wilson,

Theresa Williams, Dr. Caroline B. Winslow. Mary H. Williams.

_Florida_: Ella C. Chamberlain. Georgia: D. M. Allen, Margaret

Chandler, Julia Iveson Patton, Gertrude C. Thomas, Adelaide Wilson.

_Idaho_: Mrs. Milton Kelley. _Illinois_: Julia K. Barnes, Mary I.

Barnes, Emma J. Bigelow, Corinne S. Brown, Hannah J. Coffee, C. H.

Crocker, Angelina Craver, Climenina K. Dennet, George H. Dennet,

Sylvia Doton, Emmy C. Evald, Matilda S. Garrigus, Mary T. Hager, Mrs.

Frank L. Hubbard, Mary Louise Haworth, Kate Hughes, Lizzie F. Long,

Lena Morrow, Angie B. Schweppe, Eva Munson Smith, Dr. Alice B.

Stockham, Adeline M. Swain, Nellie J. Tweed, Jessie Waite, Dr. Lucy

Waite, Margaret Will. Indiana: Lizzie M. Briant, Mary G. Hay, Dr. M.

A. Jessup, Etta Mattox, Alice Wheeler Peirce, Bertha G. Wade, Alice G.

Waugh, Iva G. Wooden. Iowa: Alice Ainsworth, Eunice T. Barnett, Lucy

Busenbark, Narcissa T. Bemis, James Callanan, Martha C. Callanan,

Margaret V. Campbell, Mary J. Coggeshall, Nettie Sanford Chapin,

Martha J. Cass, Elizabeth Coughell, Anna B. Crawford, Marietta Farr

Cannell, Ella G. Cline, Mary Mason Clark, Victoria Dewey, Jane Denby,

C. Holt Flint, Nellie C. Flint, Louise B. Field, Mrs. W. P. Hepburn,

Jane Hammond, Julia Clark Hallam, Harriet Jenks, Charles W. Jacobs,

Rosina Jacobs, Mrs. M. Lloyd Kennedy, A. M. E. Leffingwell, Polly A.

Maulsby, Florence M. Maskrey, Mary E. McPherson, Jane Amy McKinney,

Ella Moffatt, Bessie Murray, Emily Phillips, Mary D. Palmer, Emeline

B. Richardson, Mettie Laub Romans, Rowena Edson Stevens, Estelle

Smith, Elmina Springer, Frances Smith, Rev. John Ogilvie Stevenson,

Ina Light Taylor, Roma W. Woods, Frilla Belle Young. _Kansas_: Anna A.

Broderick, Fannie M. Broderick, Jennie Broderick, B. B. Baird, C. H.

Cushing, Mabel La Porte Diggs, Caroline Doster, Martha Powell Davis,

Bertha H. Ellsworth, Nannie Garrett, Dr. Eva Harding, Antoinette

Haskell, Hetta P. Mansfield, Mrs. J. McPatten, Constant P. McElroy,

Jennie Robb Maher, Bina A. Otis, Josephine L. Patton, Carrie L.

Prentiss, Althea B. Stryker, Sarah A. Thurston, Abbie A. Welch, Alonzo

Wardall, Elizabeth M. Wardall, Anna C. Wait. _Kentucky_: Laura S.

Bruce, Mary C. Cramer, S. M. Hubbard, Sarah G. Humphries, Mary K.

Jones, Dr. Sarah M. Siewers, Sarah H. Sawyer, Mrs. M. R. Stockwell,

Amanthus Shipp, Mary Wood, Sallie B. Wolcott, Laura White. Louisiana:

Florence Huberwald, Matilda P. Hero, Dr. Harriet C. Keating, Caroline

E. Merrick, Jr., Katharine M. Nobles, Frances Sladden.

_Maine_: Rev. Henry Blanchard, M. S. Carlisle, Lucy Hobart Day, Martha

O. Dyer, Dr. Abby M. Fulton, Martha W. Fairfield, Helen A. Harriman,

Mary C. Nason, Mary E. A. Osborne, Sarah J. L. O'Brien, Abby A. C.

Peaslee, Cordelia A. Quimby, Sophronia C. Snow, Lucy A. and Lavinia

Snow, Elizabeth P. Smith. _Maryland_: Amanda M. Best, Juliet L.

Baldwin, Emma Madox Funck, Emma Frinck, Annie W. Janney, Annie R.

Lamb, Mary E. Moore, Rebecca T. Miller, Martha S. Townsend, Mary J.

Williamson. _Massachusetts_: Annie T. Auerbach, Richard and Carrie

Anders, Martha Atkins, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver C. Ashton, Esther F.

Boland, Catherine W. Bascom, Samuel J. Barrows, Martha Sewall Curtis,

Adelaide A. Claflin, Emma Clapp, Sophia A. Forbes, Ellen Wright

Garrison, Cora Chapin Godfrey, Adeline Howland, Sarah Hudson, Mary E.

Hilton, Mrs. Arden Hall, Hannah Hall, Charlotte Lobdell, Eveleen L.

Mason, Louisa A. Morrison, Martha A. P. Neall, Ellen F. Powers, Agnes

G. Parritt, Maud Wood Park, John Parker, Cora V. Smart, Silvanus

Smith, Judith W. Smith, Mary Clarke Smith, Nellie S. Smith, Mrs. W. H.

Semple, Jane A. Stewart, Dora Bascom Smith, Addie E. Tarbell, Sarah E.

Wall, Eliza Webber, Elizabeth H. Webster, Evelyn Williams, Dr. Marion

L. Woodward, Mr. and Mrs. John L. Whiting. _Michigan_: Charlotte

Goeway, Mrs. C. D. Hodges, De Lisle P. Holmes, Sarah L. Hazlett,

Margaret M. Huckins, Frances Kinney, Dr. Clara W. McNaughton, Ida J.

Marsh, Nettie McCloy, E. Matilda Moore, Carrie W. Miller, Frances

Wright Spearman, Sarah E. Smith, Elizabeth A. Willard. _Minnesota_:

Nina T. Cox, Lydia R. Eastwood, Mayme Jester, Delilah C. Reid, Judge

J. B. Stearns, Sarah Burger Stearns, Martha Adams Thompson, Sarah Vail

Thompson. _Mississippi_: Harriet B. Kells, Nellie M. Somerville, Lily

Wilkinson Thompson. _Missouri_: Alice Blackburn, Mary Waldo Calkins,

Ella Harrison, Virginia Hedges, Addie M. Johnson, Alice C. Mulky, J.

B. Merwin, Sarah E. Turner, Emaline A. Templeton, Mary U. Vandwert,

Mrs. E. E. Montague Winch, Victoria Conkling Whitney, Isabella

Wightman, Eliza T. Wilson, William Wilson, Sarah Wilson. _Montana_:

Dr. Maria M. Dean, Eva Hirschberg, George W. Jones, Delia A. Kellogg,

Marie L. Mason, Sarepta Sanders, Harriet P. Sanders, Dora D. Wright.

_Nebraska_: Maria C. Arter, Rachel Brill, Clara Cross, Nettie L.

Cronkhite, Abby Gay Dustin, Helen M. Goff, Ellen D. Harn, Ellen A.

Herdman, Irene Hernandez, Lena McCormick, Amanda J. Marble, Maud

Miller, Anna L. Spirk, Sarah K. Williams, Esther L. Warner. _Nevada_:

Hannah R. Clapp, Mary E. Rinkle, Annie Warren, Frances A. Williamson.

_New Hampshire_: Mary A. P. Filley, M. E. Powell, Marilla M. Ricker,

Rev. H. B. Smith. New Jersey: Emma L. Blackwell, Phoebe Baily,

Katherine H. Browning, Hannah Cairns, Jennie D. DeWitt, Dr. Florence

De Hart, Rev. Phoebe A. Hanaford, Mrs. A. J. Jackson, Jane Bryant

Kellogg, Susan W. Lippincott, Ellen Miles, Mary Philbrook, Amelia

Dickinson Pope, Aaron M. Powell, Louise Downs Quigley, Theresa M.

Seabrook, Minola Graham Sexton, Charlotte C. R. Smith, Laura H. Van

Cise, M. Louise Watts, Phoebe C. Wright. _New Mexico_: Fannie Baca, I.

M. Bond, H. D. Fergusson, Ida Morley Jarrett, Mayme E. Marble, Mrs. J.

D. Perkins, Anna Van Schick. _New York_: Mrs. E. Andreas, Mrs. Wilkes

Angel, Ruby Abby, Abigail A. Allen, Dr. Augusta Armstrong, Rev.

Caroline A. Bassett, Victoria Bradley, Sarah F. Blackall, Frances

Benedict, Mrs. R. G. Beatty, Helen M. Cook, Dr. Harriet B. Chapin,

Eveleen R. Clark, Cornelia H. Cary, Noah Chapman, Margaret Livingston

Chanler, Mrs. M. A. Clinton, Charlotte A. Cleveland, Ella Hawley

Crossett, Lucy Hawley Calkins, Nora E. Darling, Marie Frances

Driscoll, S. W. Ellis, Mrs. M. D. Fenner, Laura W. Flower, Dr. Fales,

Catherine G. Foote, Theodosia C. Goss, Eliza C. Gifford, Dr. Virginia

L. Glauner, Elizabeth P. Hall, Mary H. Hallowell, Frances V. Hallock,

Dorcas Hull, Etta E. Hooker, Emily Howland, Isabel Howland, Cornelia

K. Hood, Belle S. Holden, Mary N. Hubbard, Margherita Arlina Hamm,

Ella S. Hammond, Priscilla D. Hackstaff, Mary Bush Hitchcook,

Elizabeth Noyes Hopkins, Ada M. Hall, Marie R. Jenney, Julie R.

Jenney, Frances C. Lewis, Jeannette R. Leavitt, Carrie S. Lerch, Mary

Hillard Loines, Mrs. P. A. Moffett, Pamela S. McCown, Margaret Morton,

Mrs. Joshua G. Munro, Anne Fitzhugh Miller, Sarah A. McClees, Deborah

Otis, Martha F. Prather, Jessie Post, J. Mary Pearson, Lucy S. Pierce,

Abby Hutchinson Patton, Lucy Boardman Smith, Marian H. Skidmore,

Angeline M. Sargent, James Sargent, Jessie J. Cassidy Saunders, Mary

B. Sackett, Jane M. Slocum, Mary Thayer Sanford, Emma B. Sweet, Emma

M. Tucker, Kate S. Thompson, Sarah L. Willis, Kate Foster Warner, Anna

Willets, Cerelle Grandin Weller. _North Carolina_: Lilla Ripley

Barnwell, Floride Cunningham, Miriam Harris, Helen Morris Lewis,

Margaret Richardson. _North Dakota_: Helen de Lendrecie, Dr. Cora

Smith (Eaton), Henrietta Paulson Haagensen, Delia Lee Hyde, Mary S.

Lounsberry, Sara E. B. Smith, Mary Whedon.

_Ohio_: Ella M. Bell, Sarah S. Bissell, W. O. Brown, Frances M.

Casement, Katharine B. Claypole, Mary N. Cunningham, Elizabeth Coit,

Martha P. Dana, Martha H. Elwell, Ellen Sully Fray, Mary C. Francis,

Jannette Freer, Elizabeth Gilmer, Prof. Jennie Gifford, Mary L. Geffs,

Clara Giddings, Eliza P. Houk, Emma C. Hayes, Margaret Hackadorne,

Emma P. Harley, Eason Holbrook, Minnie C. Hauser, Elizabeth J. Hauser,

Cecilia Halloway, Minnie Stull Harris, Prof. Mary Jewett, Josephine

King, Mary J. Lawrence, Mary Folger Lang, Sallie J. McCall, Rev.

Henrietta G. Moore, Mary J. McMillan, Anna C. Mott, Lydia A. D.

Northway, Miss L. J. Ormstead, Addie M. Porter, Alice E. H. Peters, O.

G. Peters, Sarah M. Perkins, Annie Laurie Quinby, Harriet B. Rossa,

Florence Richards, Edythe E. Root, Mrs. N. Coe Stewart, Abbie

Schumacher, Helen R. Smith, Katherine Dooris Sharpe, Hattie A. Sachs,

Harriet Brown Stanton, Dr. Viola Swift, Lottie M. Sackett, Cornelia

Shaw, C. Swezey, Rosa L. Segur. _Oklahoma_: Margaret Rees, Mrs. R. W.

Southard, Celia Z. Titus. _Oregon_: Frances E. Gottshall.

_Pennsylvania_: Olive Pond Amies, Agnes M. Biddle, Mrs. W. C.

Butterfield, Mary Patterson Beaver, A. Isabel Bowers, Emma J. Bartol,

Katherine J. Campbell, Anna M. Child, Alice M. Coates, Elizabeth D.

Green, Susanna M. Gaskill, Caroline Gibbons, Mrs. E. N. Garrett,

Bertha W. Howe, Hetty Y. Hallowell, Lidie C. W. Koethen, Mary F.

Kenderdine, Mary S. Kent, Agnes Kemp, Mary B. Luckie, Alberta

Moorehouse, Mrs. L. M. B. Mitchell, Dr. Jane V. Myers, Esther A.

Pownall, Anna C. Pennock, Elizabeth B. Passmore, Charlotte L. Peirce,

Harriet Purvis, Jacob Reese, Jean B. Stephenson, Nicolas M. Shaw,

Emily H. Saxton, Mary B. Satterthwaite, Margaret B. Stone, Mattie A.

N. Shaw, Mrs. G. W. Schofield, Robert Tilney, Annie L. Tilney.

_Rhode Island_: Mary O. Arnold, Emeline Burlingame Cheney, Elizabeth

Buffum Chace, Ardelia C. Dewing, Jeannette S. French, Charlotte B.

Wilbour. _South Carolina_: Mary P. Gridley, Jean B. Lockwood, Maude

Sindersine, Claudia Gordon Tharin, May Tharin. _South Dakota_: Irene

G. Adams, Ida R. Bailey, Mrs. F. C. Bidwell, Emma Cranmer, Mrs. W. V.

Lucas, Anna R. Simmons, Mrs. C. E. Thorpe. _Tennessee_: Jennie

Bailett, L. Graham Crozier, Mary McLeer. _Texas_: Rebecca Henry Hayes,

L. R. Perkins. _Utah_: Corinne M. Allen, Sarah A. Boyer, Phebe Young

Beatie, Charlotte Ives Cobb, Marilla M. Daniels, Mary E. Gilmer, Annie

Godbe, Sarah M. Kimball, Aurelia S. Rodgers. _Vermont_: Mary N. Chase,

Eliza S. Eaton, Mary Hutchinson, Alice Clinton Smith. Virginia: Elisan

Brown, Nina Cross, Henderson Dangerfield, Elizabeth B. Dodge, Etta

Grymes Farrar, Georgia Gibson, Emma R. Gilman, L. M. Green, Arabella

B. Howard, Anna M. Snowden, Elizabeth Van Lew, Mary B. Wickersham.

_Washington_: Mrs. Francis W. Cushman, Mrs. L. C. Kellogg, Martha E.

Pike. _West Virginia_: Jessie G. Manley, Columbia A. Morgan, Florence

M. Post, Clara Reinhammer. _Wisconsin_: Louisa M. Eastman, Almeda B.

Gray, Laura B. James, Lucinda Lake, Jessie Nelson Luther, Maybell

Park, Dora Putnam, Ellen A. Rose. _Wyoming_: Hon. M. C. Brown, Amalia

B. Post, Mrs. Francis E. Warren.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

The famous bibliographer, William Oldys, wrote early in the 18th

century: "The labour and patience, the judgment and penetration, which

are required to make a good index are only known to those who have

gone through this most painful but least-praised part of a

publication." Lord Campbell said, a century later, in his preface to

The Lives of Chief Justices: "I proposed to bring a Bill into

Parliament to deprive an author, who publishes a book without an

index, of the privilege of copyright."

If an index were deemed so valuable in those periods of comparative

leisure, one as complete as possible is surely an absolute necessity

in these days when time is at the highest premium, but the maker is

under obligation to study conciseness in order that the index may not

be as long as the book. It has seemed practicable to reduce very

greatly the length of this one without impairing its efficiency by

asking the reader to bear in mind a few simple facts as to the

arrangement of the History.

Chapters II-XXI are devoted exclusively to the conventions of the

National Suffrage Association and the consequent hearings, reports and

discussions in Congress; the story of each year is complete in its

chapter and the date is in the running title on the right hand page.

The work of the American Association before the two societies united

is complete in Chapter XXII. These chapters contain the _argument_.

Chapters XXV-LXXII comprise the full history of the work in the States

and Territories, one chapter given to each and all alphabetically

arranged with name in running title on the right hand page. Each State

is subdivided and the heads denoted by capital letters, as follows:

Organization, Legislative Action, Laws, Suffrage, Office Holding,

Occupation, Education.

The other chapters are clearly designated in the Table of Contents,

and practically all the information which the book contains on each

subject will be found in its respective chapter. The greatest problem

has been the indexing of the many _speeches_ so as to convey an idea

of their subject-matter, as a number of them cover a variety of

topics, and it has been possible to indicate only the principal

points. The editors trust, however, that the systematic arrangement of

the volume and the full Table of Contents will enable the reader to

obtain the desired information without difficulty.

_Age of Protection_, 460,

and in each State chapter under _Legislative Action and Laws_,

beginning 465.

AMENDMENT CAMPAIGNS FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE, xxi; 40;

in Calif., 486;

in Col., 513;

in S. D., 553-7;

in Ida., 590;

in Kas., 643;

in N. J., 822;

in N. Y., 847;

in Ore., 895;

in R. I., 909;

in Wash., 973.

AMENDMENT TO NATIONAL CONSTITUTION FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE,

objection to amending, advantage in securing wom. suff., xx, xxi;

14th amend, and attempts of women to vote under it, 3 et seq.;

15th amend., effect on wom. suff., 6;

effort to amend for Federal Suff. for women, 7;

Nat'l. Ass'n. begins work for 16th amend., 11;

res. for in '84, 25;

Miss Anthony on, 40;

same, 42;

argument for, 54;

sp. of Sen. Palmer, 62;

contrary to State's rights, 68;

first discussion of 16th amend. in Senate, 85;

14th amend., Miss Anthony on, 152; 158;

Senate Com. recom. 16th in '92, 201;

14th grants wom. suff., 204;

women appeal 25 yrs. for 16th amend., 223;

efforts of Nat'l Ass'n. for, 367;

Mrs. Catt on why one is asked for, 369;

Miss Anthony's plea, 373;

American Ass'n. declares for, 410, 417.

AMENDMENTS TO STATE CONSTITUTIONS FOR WOMAN SUFFRAGE,

laws in different States, xvi;

difficulty in Minn and Neb., failure of Sch. Suff. in N.J., xvi;

same in S.D., xvii;

submitted by ten States and results, xxi;

obstacles to securing, xxiii;

comparison of votes, xxix;

votes on, 40;

adopted in Col., 528;

in Idaho, 593;

school and library in Minn., 778;

law similar to amendment in Wis., 988.

AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION,

work of after '84, Chap. XXII; 13;

founded, 14;

union with Nat'l Ass'n., 164.

ANECDOTES, 71;

public money for "shes," 193;

in Tenn., 196;

how men represent women, 197;

of Miss Willard, 215;

woman on throne, 229;

poll tax in Tenn., 241;

women's voices, 334;

woman's product, 337;

from Ala., 341;

Miss Anthony's right bower, 351;

early education, 354-5;

women who have all the rights they want, 360;

Miss Anthony on "antis," 384;

of Abigail Adams, 422;

influence of liquor dealers, 486;

Yon's vote in Col., 519;

a Mass. legislator, 740;

women's money builds State Houses, 763;

suff. bill in Wash., 972.

ANTI-SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION,

advantage of, xxix;

same, 16;

they mean well, 327;

in Ills., 603;

in Mass., 716 et al.;

against mother's guardianship, 744;

in N. Y., 850 et al., 971;

in Aus., 1032.

ANTI-SUFFRAGISTS, see Remonstrants.

AUSTRALIA,

--South, Chapter on, 1027

--West, " " 1029

--New South Wales, " " 1029

--Victoria, " " 1031

--Queensland, " " 1032

--Tasmania, " " 1033

Enfranchises its women, xiv;

first country to grant them Munic. Suff., 224;

eminent advocates of wom. suff., 1084.

BAZAR,

Nat'l. Ass'n., in New York, 365;

Amer. Ass'n. in Boston, descrip. of, Mrs. Howe's and Mrs. Stone's

addresses, 426-8.

BIBLE,

wrong interpretation of, 65;

for wom. suff., 71;

not opp. to, 102; 106;

men's interpretation of, 113;

purpose of Creator, 119;

not alone respons. for subjection of woman, 146;

Woman's Bible, discussion of at Nat'l. conv., 263.

BILL OF RIGHTS, woman's, 154.

BILLS,

for wom. suff., how treated, xxviii;

of Nat'l. Ass'n., W. C. T. U., Fed. of Clubs, etc., 451-3,

and under head of _Legislative Action_ in State chapters,

beginning 465;

Nat'l. Ass'n. protests against Edmunds-Tucker Bill, 26;

same, 71; 78;

res. against, 122-3;

committees on, 939.

BIRTHDAYS,

Miss Anthony's 70th, 163;

her 74th, 223-4;

her 78th, 291;

greetings on, 300;

her 80th, vi;

same, 383; 385 et seq.;

gifts on, 389 et seq.;

celebration of in Lafayette Opera House, Wash't'n., 394-404;

trib. of Wm. Lloyd Garrison, 395,

of Mrs. Coonley-Ward, 401,

of Miss Shaw, 402;

greeting from Mrs. Stanton, 402;

Miss Anthony's response, 403;

letters rec'd., 403;

recep. in Corcoran Art Gallery, 404;

her portrait presented, 405;

her happiness, 405.

--Mrs. Stanton's 80th, 250.

--Rev. Anna Howard Shaw's, 391.

BOARDS,

difficulty of getting women on, 462;

see each State chapter under _Office Holding_, beginning 465;

in Great Britain, 368, 1023.

--Lady Managers World's Fair, indebted to Miss Anthony, 211;

same, 232;

Act of Congress creating, 233; 609.

CALIFORNIA, xv;

Legis. refuses suff. amd't, xx;

Miss Shaw's acc't. of visit of Miss Anthony and herself in '95, 253;

work for suff. amend., 273;

honor to Miss Anthony, 274;

gift to Miss Anthony, 390.

See State Chapter.

CALLS,

for nat'l. suff. conv. of '84, 15;

for first Int'l. Council, 125;

for conv. of '89, 143;

for conv. of '91, 175;

for conv. of '94, 221;

for first Wom. Rights Conv., 288.

CAMPAIGNS, for wom. suff. amdts. See Amendment Campaigns.

CANADA, Dominion of, chapter on, 1034.

CATHOLICS, in politics, 149;

attitude of clergy, 366;

wom. suff. in Summer Sch. at Detroit, 447;

coeducation, 464;

college for women, 575;

on Boston Sch. Bd., 706.

CHIVALRY, specimens of, 16;

absurdity of, 17;

men and women need each other, 36, 44, 45, 49, 59;

Miss Willard on, 141;

Chivalry of Reform, Mrs. Howe on, 170;

injustice of, 188;

in Kas., 199;

mistakes of, 209;

in South, 241;

fear of, 382; 968.

CHURCH, influence on wom. suff., xxiv;

wom. suff. foundation of Christianity, 16;

relation to it, 20;

prayer vs. votes, 22;

same, 37; 41;

res. on creeds and dogmas, 58;

discussion by Mrs. Stanton, Miss Anthony and others, 59 et seq.;

influence of religion over woman, 60;

its connect. with wom. suff., 75;

woman's influence in church, 96;

for equality of rights, Bishop Newman, 112; 121;

value of wom. suff. to, 149;

Mrs. Stanton's demand for its recog. of woman's equality, 165;

upholds man's headship, 176;

opp. to equality of woman, 177;

voice of God has soprano and bass, 200;

M. E. refuses to ordain women, 206;

women might vote at ch. elections, 212;

Miss Shaw on mission of, 229;

Miss Anthony's plea for relig. liberty, 264;

sympathy with wom. suff., 270;

woman's services to, 279;

woman's position in 292; 359; 464; 497; 708; 711; 718; 962-3; 974;

missionary work of women, 1057 et seq.

CLUBHOUSES, WOMEN'S, Wimodaughsis, 184, 188;

in Grand Rapids, 322-3;

in Calif., 508;

in Indpls., 627;

in Mich., 771;

in Phila., 901; 1043.

CLUBS, WOMEN'S, _see_ last paragraph in various State chapters.

In Col., 302; 356;

in Mich., welcome Nat'l suff. conv., 324;

political, 150;

in N. Y., 872;

first women's clubs on record, 1042-3;

Gen'l Federation of, 1050;

Musical, Nat'l. Fed. of, 1056.

COLLEGES. _See_ Universities.

COLORADO, xxi; xxix;

appear. of delegates, 222;

Gov. Waite on wom. suff. in, 232;

women in Legis., 239; 252;

visit of Miss Anthony and Miss Shaw in '95, 253;

effect of wom. suff., 268;

same, 282;

distinguished testimony for, 302-3, 383, 390;

legis. res. in favor of, 327;

Mrs. Welch at conv. of '99, 327;

wom. suff. in, 356;

gift and trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 400.

_See_ State Chapter; also Statistics and Testimony.

COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, Lady Managers, _see_ Boards;

invites Suff. Ass'n. to World's Fair, 184;

ass'n. arranges for booth, 185,

discusses res. to open gates on Sunday, 185,

to prohibit liquor selling, 186;

effect of the Fair on women, 211; 221;

Congress of Women all for suff., 232;

report of Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. Com., 232; 609.

COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS, Fed. of, adopts wom. suff. res. and petits., 447.

COMMISSIONS, of women demanded for Philippines, 331-2, 343;

U. S. Labor, Miss Laughlin on, 361;

for Paris expos., Mrs. Palmer on, 367.

COMMITTEES, of American Suffrage Association, on arrangements for convs.,

_see_ Chapter XXII;

executive of, 409;

on union with Nat'l. Ass'n., 164, 431.

--of National Suffrage Association on Int'l Council, 124;

on union with Am. Ass'n., 164;

on Columbian Expos., 232. _See_ also 1098-9.

On Miss Anthony's 80th birthday celebration, 395.

--Congressional, on wom. suff., 31.

_See_ Reports.

CONGRESS, power to extend suff., 7 et seq.;

work of Nat'l Suff. Ass'n. with, 11;

committee reports, discussions and speeches, 12;

House debate on Wom. Suff. Com. 31;

wom. suff. sp. of Sen. Palmer, 62;

first discussion of 16th amend. in Senate, 85;

other debates on wom. suff. in Senate, 85;

Blair's sp. in '87, 86 et seq.;

should submit amend., 93;

sp. of Brown, 93 et seq.;

Dolph favors wom. suff., 100;

discussion of women on juries, 104;

Vest opposes wom. suff., 105;

Hoar in favor, 109;

vote in Senate, 110; 112;

authority to enfranchise women, 118;

duty to submit suff. amend., 163;

favorable sentiment, 181;

way to manage a bill in, 218;

needs watching, 365;

work of Nat'l. Ass'n. for 16th amend., 367;

appeals to for 16th amend. to enfranch. women, 445;

for rights of women in new possessions, 446;

amusing debate on admis. of Wy., 998 et seq.

_See_ Amendments and Debates.

CONGRESSES OF WOMEN,

World's Fair, 232, 609;

in San Fr., 253, 479, 481;

Atlanta expos., 263;

London in '99, 352-3;

in Los Angeles, 495;

in Ore., 892-3.

CONSTITUTION, NATIONAL,

more rigid than in other countries, xv,

gives women right to vote, Chapter I;

first appearance of "male," 2;

attempt of women to vote under 14th amend., 3 et seq.;

amend. for Federal Suff. for women, 7;

authority over suff., 8 et seq.;

provides for amending, 100;

vote on wom. suff. amend., 110;

rights of women under, 115;

Mrs. Stanton on its violation in case of women, 138;

fails to protect black men, 153;

Mrs. Blake's argument for wom. suff. under its provisions, 374-5.

CONSTITUTIONS, STATE,

all framed by men; different peculiarities, xv et seq.;

all barred women from suff., 2;

Utah and Wy. included wom. suff. in first, 949, 1003.

_See_ State chapters under _Suffrage_.

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. _See_ Conventions.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. _See_ Law.

CONTRACTS. _See Laws_ in each State chapter.

CONVENTIONS,

American Suff. Assn., from '84 to '88, 406-428;

early convs. in Phila., 423.

--National Suffrage Ass'n., first one ever called, xiii;

earliest ones, 14;

res. for Int'l. Suff. Conv., 25;

changed attitude of press toward, 57;

first suff. meeting held in Washt'n., 70;

conv. for '88, 137;

complimented by Washt'n. _Star_, 173;

convs. before the war, 205;

alternate ones taken out of Washt'n., Miss Anthony's protest, 218;

the other side, 219;

descript. of '94, 221;

Miss Anthony's method of presiding, 238;

descript. of '95, 236;

of '97, 271.

See Chapters II-XXI.

CONVENTIONS,

work for wom. suff. in political and other conventions, Chap. XXIII.

_See_ State chapters.

CONVENTIONS, Nat'l. Political,

first appeal of women for suff., 435;

appeals in 1900, 440 et seq.

--Republican, record of, 435-7, 440;

for 1900, 443-4.

--Democratic, record of, 437, 440;

for 1900, 444.

--Populist, record of, 437-8, 441;

for 1900, 444.

--Prohibition, record of, 438;

for 1900, 444.

--Other Parties, record of, xviii, 438-9;

for 1900, 444.

_See_ also Democrats, Populists, Republicans, Parties and p. 556.

Women delegates to nat'l. convs., 319, 438-9;

work of Miss Anthony and others, 439 et seq.;

no hope for disfranch. class, 444;

sentiment among delegates, 444-5.

For work in State political convs., _see_ various State chapters.

CONVENTIONS, State Constitutional,

attempts to secure wom. suff. amdts., 432-3; 453;

in Ala., 468;

N. D., 544;

S. D., 552;

Del., 563;

Ky., 669;

La., 680;

Mass., 720;

Miss., 786;

Mont., 797;

N. H., 815;

N. J., 830;

N. M., 835;

N. Y., 203, 847;

Utah, 944;

Vt., 958;

Wash., 969;

Wy., 995.

COUNCILS OF WOMEN, National and International,

first Int'l., 124 et seq.;

permanent Councils formed, 137, 143;

Nat'l. in '91, 175;

Miss Shaw's report of London Int'l., 352;

Miss Anthony's report of same, suff. pervaded all, Amer. wom. showed

effects of liberty, 353;

Nat'l. Council, trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 396;

Int'l., same, 397;

Nat'l. Council, founding and work, 1044-5;

Int'l., same, 1044-5.

CREEDS. _See_ Church.

CRIMINALS, at ballot box, xxvi, 37.

CUBA,

Nat'l. Ass'n. demands rights for its women, 325, 330;

appeals to Congress for same, 446.

CURTESY. _See Laws_ in each State chapter.

DEBATES, in Congress,

on Wom. Suff. Com., 31 et seq.;

those of former years, 85;

first and only debate on 16th Amend, to enfranchise women, 87 et seq.;

on admission of Wy., 998 et seq.

--in National Suffrage Conventions, on dogmas and creeds, 59 et seq.;

on taking wom. suff. into church, 75;

on migratory convs., 218;

on Woman's Bible, 263.

DECISIONS. _See_ Supreme Court.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, applied to women, 102.

DELEGATES, 15;

nat'l. conv. made delegate body, 77;

foreign to Int'l. Council, 135;

dels. to 40th anniv., 288;

to conv. of 1900, 350;

to Paris Expos., 367;

to polit. convs., 319, 438-9;

in Col., 521;

in Kas., 646;

in Mont., 801;

_see_ also Utah Chap.;

to nat'l. suff. convs. from '84 to 1900, 1101.

--Fraternal,

to conv. of '96, 256;

to Wom. Press Ass'n., 291;

to Int'l. Council of '99, 342;

to suff. conv. of '99, 323;

to suff. conv. of 1900, 366.

DEMOCRACY,

disbelief in, xxvi, 179, 277;

wom. suff. asked in name of, 372;

U. S. not a, 374.

DEMOCRATS,

enfranch. workingmen, xvii; 143;

in Calif., 488-9;

in Col., 516;

in S. Dak., 555;

in Ida., 590-2;

in Ills., 605-6;

in Ind., 617;

in Kas., 647, 650-3;

in Mass., 724;

in Mich., 755;

in N. Y., 847-9, 872;

in Utah, 953 et seq.;

in Wash., 971;

in Congress on Wy., 978.

_See_ Conventions.

DENTISTRY, women in, 464; 700.

DISFRANCHISEMENT,

degradation of,

Miss Anthony on, 27; 44; 73; 83; 107;

Mrs. Stanton on, 133; 151; 172;

great sp. of Mrs. Stanton on, 176; 195; 196;

Mrs. Merrick on, 243; 255;

men wd. not endure, 373;

same, 375.

--disadvantages of, 41; 42; 45; 46; 73; 79; 138-9; 190; 195; 196;

to women wage-earners, 312;

same, 377; 359; 365; 373; 379.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, gift and trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th

birthday, 399.

_See_ chapter on D. C.

DIVORCE, 68; 100; 103;

national law, women should have voice in, 165;

evolution of, 297;

in Wyoming, 362;

in Wy., S. D. and Ok., 460.

DOMESTIC,

household demands on women, 209;

too much housekeeping, 210;

future domestic service, 210;

effect of domestic life on women, 258;

home life of woman suffragists, 279;

what home means, 285;

woman's position in the home, 292;

husbands do not support wives, 171, 208, 311;

home vs. factory work, 311;

college women and home, 358;

need of trained work, 358.

_See_ also _Domestic_ under Suffrage.

DONORS,

to Hist. of Wom. Suff., v, vii;

to Int'l. Council of Wom., 126;

Mrs. Southworth, 257;

Miss Anthony, 287;

in Conn., 536;

in Ga., 582;

Mrs. Avery, 642;

in N. Y., 849.

--women, for education, 356;

in Calif., 507;

in La., 688;

in Md., 700.

DOWER. _See Laws_ in each State chapter.

DRESS,

descrip. of delegates', 56;

of Miss Anthony at conv. of '90, 173;

on 80th birthday, 403-4.

EDUCATION,

higher education of women, resume of, 463,

and in each State chapter under head of _Education_, beginning 465.

--majority would never consent to, xxii;

statistics of, xxx;

same, 18;

5,000 teachers in Ind. ask for ballot, 37;

educated women will not stand subjection, 44;

educated women deprived of ballot, 74;

intellectual capacity of women, 90; 101;

more than some Senators, 113;

woman senior wrangler at Cambridge, 176;

a century ago, 192;

training of girl of future, 209;

easily obtained, 292, 316;

Mrs. Sewall on Govt. no right to educate women and refuse them

representation, 307;

its effects shown in Amer. women at Int'l. Council in London, 353;

woman's from beginning of century, obstacles, direful predictions,

354-6;

health of women graduates, 355;

women on Faculties, 355;

donations of women to, 356, 507;

must lead to suff., 356;

effect on domestic life, 357;

Catholic, 464;

same, 575;

in Gr. Brit., 1024.

_See_ also Donors, Illiteracy, Public Schools, Universities.

ELECTORATE,

character of, xxiii;

elements needed, xxvi;

what composed of, 23, 37, 39, 68, 81, 138, 148, 195, 258, 269, 316,

324, 371, 415;

in Col., 514;

in S. D., 556;

in Wash., 1098.

ENROLLMENT, Nat'l., for wom. suff., 137; 878.

_See_ Petitions.

EQUAL RIGHTS,

Association for, 14;

demand for by Int'l. Council, 136;

they belong to women, no thanks to men, 146;

crime of denying to women, Mr. Foulke on, 167.

_See_ Progress of.

EUROPE, wom. suff. in countries of. _See_ chapter on, 1038.

FEDERAL SUFFRAGE,

argument for, 6 et seq.;

Miss Anthony on, 10; 78;

Sen. Blair on, 145; 201; 218; 234.

FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS,

legis. work, 452.

_See_ closing paragraph in various State chapters, beginning 465,

and also page 1050.

FLAGS,

at conv. of '94, 221;

Col. presents one to Miss Anthony, 222-3;

at conv. of '95, 236;

flag not desecrated by four stars, 278;

golden flag presented to Miss A., 400.

FOREIGNERS. _See_ Immigrants.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES, wom. suff. in. _See_ Chap. LXXIV.

FRANCE,

wom. suff. in, 343, 1040;

eminent advocates, 1084.

GEORGIA, curiosities in, 228;

nat'l. suff. conv. in Atlanta, 236;

illiterate vote, 246.

_See_ State chapter.

GODDESS OF LIBERTY, in N. Y. harbor, 47;

same, 115;

Miss Anthony's features, 120;

Wy. represents, 201;

on nat'l. Capitol, a mockery, 375.

GOVERNORS OF STATES, position on wom. suff., 212;

list favoring wom. suff., 1078;

of Wy. testify for wom. suff., 1087 et seq.

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, favors wom. suff., 184; 644; 893.

GRANGES, favor wom. suff., 184;

always recognized equality of woman, 228;

position of woman in, 327;

nat'l. adopts wom. suff. res. in 1900, 447-8.

_See_ various State chapters.

GREAT BRITAIN, Chap. LXXIII;

efforts for Parliamentary Franchise, 1012, 1020;

Primrose League and Liberal Federation, 1013;

better laws, 1021;

local gov't., 1022;

office holding, 1023;

education, 1024;

colonial progress, 1025 et seq.;

petits. for suff., 1015, 1017, 1020.

-- gives local franchise to women, xiv;

more liberal than U. S. on socialistic questions, 167;

enfranch. workingmen, 305;

same, 311;

progress of wom. suff., 353;

Mrs. Blatch on women on boards and wom. suff. in, 368;

remonstrants in, 369;

eminent advocates of wom. suff. in, 1083.

GUARDIANSHIP, equal of children. _See_ Laws.

HAWAII, Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. demands rights for its women, 325;

injustice to them, 330;

resolution against "male" in its constitn., 343;

petitions Congress in behalf of its women, 346;

outrageous constitn. adopted by Congress, 346;

Hawaiian members object, 347;

Miss Anthony's work for its women, 365;

appeals to Congress for rights of its women, 446.

HEAD OF FAMILY. _See_ Laws and pp. 458; 945;

in Va., 966.

HEARINGS before Congressional Committees in '84, 36, 42;

in '86, 78;

in '88, before Senate com., 137 et seq.;

in '89, same, 156;

before House, 157;

in '90, before Senate, 158, 162;

before House, 163;

in '92, before Senate, Mrs. Stanton on Solitude of Self, 189;

before House, 194;

in '94, before Senate and House, 235;

in '96, before Senate and House, 267;

in '98, before Senate, 305;

before House, 318;

in 1900, before Senate, 367,

Miss Anthony's plea at 80, 373;

before House, 373;

first appearance of "antis," 381-4.

HISTORY OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE, how it was written and published.

_See_ Preface.

IDAHO, adopts wom. suff. amend., xxi;

welcomed by nat'l. conv., 272;

story of amend, camp'n., 283-4;

gift to Miss Anthony, 390.

_See_ State chapter, also Statistics and Testimony.

ILLINOIS, great petits. for wom. suff., 39;

laws for women, 276.

_See_ State chapter.

ILLITERACY, percentage of, smaller among women than men, xxii, 216;

in Ga., 246;

shut it out from electorate, 316-17;

not the ignorant alone opp. wom. suff., 338, 493;

decides fate of women, 371;

in S. D., 556.

IMMIGRANTS, English view of, 23;

their enfranchisement, 37;

same, 39;

polit. danger of, 68-9;

German view, 73;

in Neb., 81; 82;

welcome to, 116;

enfranchised, Mrs. Stanton on, 138;

political rule of, American women in majority, 148;

placed over women, 195;

preferred to Amer. women, Mrs. Stanton's picture of, 269;

should be welcomed but not enfranch., 316, 317;

in Mich., 324;

compared to Amer. women, 415; 418.

INDIA, effect on its women of English laws, 330.

INDIANS, preferred to women voters in S. D., 182, 557;

Gov't. favors over women, 213;

vs. American women, 313;

effect on women of "land in severalty," 330;

Gov't. grants privileges denied to white women, 374;

authority of their women, 1041.

INDIFFERENCE OF WOMEN, xxii;

same, xxiv;

reasons for, xxv;

same, xxix;

causes of, 20;

men will decide the question, 39;

no means of knowing, 46;

all women should not be punished for, 84;

fear to speak, 92;

pity for, 121;

women put everything before suff., 149, 150;

is result of disfranchis., 160;

does not affect the right of suff., 168;

Miss Blackwell on, 198;

women too much flattered, 208;

dangers of, 259;

always existed, 275;

women do not think, 285;

Miss Blackwell gives examples, 320;

parable of good Samaritan, 360;

natural conservatism, 372;

timidity and ignorance, 415;

selfishness, 420;

those who have all the rights they want, 461;

same in Col., 517.

INDIRECT INFLUENCE, needs responsibility, 55; 96-7;

suff. would destroy, 107; 168; 517.

INDIVIDUALITY of woman, suff. a guarantee of, 82;

should not be allowed to wives, 100;

Mrs. Stanton on right to, 189;

Rev. Anna Howard Shaw on, 230, 361;

Mrs. Spencer on, 328;

new civilization will recognize, 336; 418.

IOWA, reasons for refusing suff. amd't., xxi;

nat'l. conv. in Des Moines, 270;

noted speakers before Legis., 279.

_See_ State chapter.

IRELAND, wom. suff. in, 343;

wom. on school and poor law bds., 368.

_See_ chapter on Great Britain.

ISLE OF MAN, wom. suff. in, 1025.

JOURNALISM, xxv;

wom. in, 154;

early women writers, 295;

women in at Paris expos., 343;

first, 695.

JURIES, women should serve on, 38; 45; 51;

in Wy., 68;

men's obligations, 94;

Senators discuss, 104, 106;

need of women on, 182;

women and jury duty in Ida., 596;

in Utah, 955, 1089;

in Wash., 422, 968, 1008, 1091;

in Wy., 1008.

KANSAS, grants Municipal Suff. to women, xv; xxi; xxix;

treatment of women, 199;

suff. work of Nat'l. Ass'n. in, 220;

descript. of nat'l. delegates, 221-2;

first constit'n. recognizes rights of women, 407;

Amer. Ass'n. meets in Topeka, 417;

early work in, 418, 419;

Mrs. Howe's plea for suff. in, 419.

_See_ State chapter and Statistics.

LABOR, disabilities of women, 41;

relation of wom. suff. to, 70;

same, 79;

suff. has no influence on price of, 98;

wage-earning women should marry, 98;

need of ballot for working women, 115;

same, 122;

Knights of Labor indorse wom. suff., 123;

dignifies woman, 162;

immoral women come from domestic life, 162;

husband does not "support" wife, 171, 208, 311;

man's material achievements, 171;

not woman's curse, 171;

degradation of woman's labor, 177;

organizations favor wom. suff., 184;

indust. emancip. of women, by Carroll D. Wright, have not taken

men's work, new economic factor, leads to suff., 213;

suff. demanded for working women, 216;

women stenographers, 228;

women wage-earners in Fla., 240;

Florence Kelley on labor unions and working woman's need of ballot,

311;

disfranch. women an injury to labor unions, 312;

Fed. of Labor greets Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n., let. from Pres. Gompers,

equal pay for wom., 334;

ass'n. returns thanks, 344;

entrance of women into unions and effect on suff., 349;

appeal of Nat'l. Fed. for wom. suff. in '99, 359;

Miss Laughlin on statistics of wage-earning women, need of ballot, 360;

ancient opp. to, 361;

working woman's great disadvantage, 377;

wages of men and wom., 379; 425;

Nat'l. Fed. petit. for wom. suff. in 1900 after appeal from

Miss Anthony. Nat'l. Bldg. and Trades Council, same, Int'l.

Bricklayers' and Masons', same, 446;

organizations for wom. suff., 448;

K. of L. declare for, 568.

_See_ Statistics.

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS, for wom. suff.

_See_ above, also in Col., 514-16;

in S. D., 556;

in Ills., 602-4; 652;

in Mass., 711-14-33;

in Minn., 782;

in N. J., 821;

in N. Y., 850;

in Ore., 893;

in R. I., 917;

in Wash., 974.

LAW, first woman admitted to practice before U. S. Sup. Ct., 33;

second, 57;

contest of Mrs. Bradwell in Ills. and U. S. Sup. Ct., 152;

contest in Cal., 507;

in Ind., 626;

in Md., 700;

in Mich. to be pros. atty., 770;

in N. J., 833;

in Penn., 904;

Woman's Coll. of, 574;

first woman to apply to practice, 609;

first coll. to graduate a woman, 610.

_See_ also State chapters under _Occupations_.

--women in, send trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 398.

--Common, 33; 49; 159;

resume of and changes made, 454-8; 464;

in N. Y., 865.

--Constitutional, bar to wom. suff., xiv, xv; 371.

LAWS FOR WOMEN, resume of, 453-8.

--Property, for women, secured by a few, xxiii;

in Ky., 15;

wife is moneyless, 40;

inevitably one-sided, 198;

nine-tenths relate to property, 200;

uncertain for women, 255;

in Ills., 276;

women could secure good laws with suffrage, 424;

present status, far from just to women, 456-8;

Dower and Curtesy, 457;

Guardianship of Children, and liability of "head of family"

for support, 458;

Divorce, and the various causes for, 459;

Age of Protection, 460.

_See_ each State chapter under head of _Legislative Action and

Laws_. For Great Britain, 1021.

LEGACIES, Mrs. Eddy's to Miss Anthony, v;

to Nat'l. Ass'n., 207; 259; 275; 286; 289; 366; 900; 909.

LEGISLATURES, action on bills and resolutions for full and limited

suffrage and other measures, under head of _Legislative Action_,

in each State chapter, beginning 465;

power to grant limited suff., xv;

have granted much to women, 43;

Congress should submit wom. suff. amdt. to, 43, 64, 113;

work of women members in Col., 525-6;

work of women members in Utah, 953 et seq.

LETTERS, telegrams, greetings, etc., to American suff. convs.,

_see_ Chap. XXII;

to natn'l. suff. conv. of '84, 15 et seq.,

from noted English, 21-2,

Bishop Simpson, 24;

of '85, 61;

of '86, 75;

of '87, from Mrs. Stanton, 113,

U. S. Treas. Spinner et al., 123;

of '89, from Mrs. Stanton, 145;

of '91, 179;

of '93, last from Lucy Stone, 213,

from Bishop Hurst, 220;

of '94, from Gov. Waite, Mrs. Sewall, 232;

of '96, 254;

of '97, from Miss Reed, 285;

of '98, from Abigail Bush, Lucinda H. Stone and others, 300-1;

of '99, from Samuel Gompers, 334,

Mrs. Stanton, 337, 342-3;

of 1900, 359, 366.

--to Int'l. Council of '88, 135.

--to Miss Anthony on 70th birthday, 164;

on 80th, 403.

--to various Conventions, 447.

--to Governors of States and Territories, 212.

--to members of Congress, 35, 217, 218, 247, 287, 346.

--to political delegates and conventions, 440 et seq.

--to State constitutional conventions, 433.

LIFE AND WORK OF SUSAN B. ANTHONY, iv; 2.

LIQUOR DEALERS, control in politics, xix;

attitude toward wom. suff., xix;

influence in Iowa, xxi;

in Neb., 80;

allied with women remonstrants, 327;

opposed to wom. suff., 373;

at Nat'l. Brewers' Convention, 447;

in Calif., 273, 486, 491-3, 499, 500;

in Idaho, 284;

in Ariz., 472;

in Col., 512, 517;

in S. D., 556;

in Kas., 650, 660;

in Ok., 888.

LONGEVITY and vitality of women, 29.

LOUISIANA, Miss Anthony on women taxpayers' suff., 360.

_See_ State chapter.

MAGAZINES. _See_ Newspapers.

MAJORITY, opposed to any reform, xxii;

same, xxiii;

same, xxvi;

must ask for wom. suff. no argument, xxxi; xxxii;

never asked for anything, 38;

Miss Anthony on, 42;

wom. suff. should not wait for, 84;

must demand wom. suff., 92;

never granted anything, 275;

oppose every advance, Mrs. Catt on, 369-71.

MARRIAGE, suff. has no relation to, 90;

Sen. Brown's idea of, 94 et seq.;

in wom. suff. States, 103;

Sen. Vest on, 106 et seq.;

position of woman in, regulations made by men, obstacles to

happiness, Mrs. Colby on, 151;

meaning of, narrowness of wives a detriment to men, Mrs. Stanton

on, 161;

interdependence of husband and wife, Mrs. Wallace on, 171;

Mr. Hinckley on, 180;

each supports the other, 171, 208, 311;

of Mr. Blackwell and Lucy Stone, 226;

wife need not give up name, 226;

individuality of wife, Miss Shaw on, 230;

what wives want, 245.

_See_ Domestic.

MASSACHUSETTS, sentiment for wom. suff. in, 36;

Lucy Stone on treatment of women by its Legis., 192;

early education of women, 192;

women taxpayers, 240.

_See_ State chapter.

MATRIARCHATE, Mrs. Spencer on evolution of family life, 328 et seq.;

1041.

MEDICINE, early struggles of women to study, 296;

letter from Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, 301;

efforts of wom. in, 275, 355;

statistics of women physicians, 275, 355, 370;

first woman to graduate, 355; 463; 574;

first to practice, 748;

only woman dean of mixed college, 610;

Johns Hopkins Medical, 700;

medical societies in N. J., 833;

first woman's med. coll., 904;

tribute of women in, on Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 394.

_See_ also State chapters under _Occupations_, and for physicians

in institutions under _Office Holding_.

MICHIGAN, Munic. Suff. Bill vetoed, xv;

vote on suff. amend., 35;

Nat'l. Ass'n. meets, 322.

See State chapter.

MILITARY, argument against wom. suff., nearly obsolete, xxxi;

Sen. Palmer on, 64;

military questions must give way to economic, 69;

ability to bear arms not a voting test, 82;

Sen. Blair on military service no connection with suff., 87;

same on women can fight, 90;

Sen. Brown on women and military service, 94, 96, 100;

woman's record, 101, 113;

nation's debt to her, 115;

brute force passing away, 121;

woman's part in war, 161-2, 195;

fighting qualities necessary in women, 183;

women first to see advantage of peace, 208;

Miss Clay on the military argument before Senate Com., 309;

Miss Shaw on, 337;

how women would have managed Span. Am. War, 339.

MINISTERS, early women, 59, 260;

Rev. Anna Howard Shaw on women ministers, 206;

tribute from, on Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 397; 464;

ministers in favor of wom. suff., 1079. _See_ Sermons.

MINNESOTA, difficulty of carrying wom. suff. amend., xvi;

Amer. Suff. Ass'n. meets in Minneapolis, 411.

_See_ State chapter.

MOTHERHOOD, xxxi;

needed in politics, 40;

not a limitation, 58;

Mrs. Stanton on ancient idea of, 60;

Sen. Blair on maternity and suff., 91;

Sen. Brown on, 94 et seq.;

Sen. Dolph on, 103;

Sen. Eustis on, 104;

Sen. Vest on, 106;

Miss Willard asks suff. for mothers, 142;

mothers should be honored equally with fathers, 194;

mothers should be exempt from wage-earning, 211;

child dearer than all else, 226;

Mrs. Stetson on, 266;

not broad enough, 277;

Mrs. Spencer on motherhood among primitive peoples, 328-333;

suff. and, 283, 303-4, 357;

fits women for suff., 309;

all wom. not fitted for, 362;

Congress of Mothers, 1051.

_See_ also Testimony from Wom. Suff. States, beginning 1085,

and State chapters for Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming.

MUNICIPAL SUFFRAGE, in Kas., xv;

bill vetoed in Mich., xv; 123;

effect in Kas., 199;

Australia first country to grant, 224;

cities need woman's vote, 278, 420, 422;

in Ireland, 343;

how gained in Kas., 649 et seq.;

in Kas., 652, 664;

in Great Brit., 1012, 1022;

in New Zealand, 1025;

in Australia, 1027 et seq.;

in Canada, 1035 et seq.;

in other countries, 1038 et seq.

NATIONAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION, membership and finance, xxx;

contests for right to vote under 14th amend., 4;

abandons attempt, 6;

same for Federal suff., 10;

begins efforts for 16th amend., 11;

work in the States, 11;

work before Congress, 11;

effect on the franchise, 13;

founded in '69, 14;

conventions held, 14;

work in Washington, 15;

finances in '84, 27;

conv. of '88, 137;

finances in '89, 154;

union with American Ass'n., 164;

Miss Anthony declares for free platform, 169;

finances in '92, 185;

last app. of Mrs. Stanton and Lucy Stone, 186;

at Columb. Expos., 217;

freedom of platform, 224;

mem. serv. for Lucy Stone, 225;

finances in '95, org. com. established, 250;

finances in '96, 256;

headqrs. established, 257;

welcomes Utah, 260;

breadth of platf., 264;

finances of '97, Miss Anthony's contrib., 287;

reports on course of study and finance, 289;

demands equal rights for women in every depart., 291;

finances in '99, 342;

Washt'n _Post_ compliments, 349;

advantage of meeting in capital, 351;

finances in 1900, 364;

holds Bazar, 365;

rec'd by Pres. McKinley in 1900, Mrs. McKinley sends flowers, 384;

Miss Anthony resigns presidency, action of conv., her speeches,

etc., 385 et seq.;

her farewell, 393;

Mrs. Chapman Catt elected pres., 387;

introd. by Miss Anthony, sp. of accept., 388;

notices of new pres., 389;

love for Miss Shaw, 389;

celebrates Miss Anthony's 80th birthday, 349 et seq.;

appeals to political convs. and delegates in 1900, 440-3;

nat'l and State work, 450;

work for rights of women in our new possessions, Chap. XIX;

synopsis of constitn., officers, committees, life members and

delegates, 1098 et seq.

For general work, _see_ Chaps. II-XXII.

NEBRASKA, difficulty of carrying amend., xvi;

suff. amend, campn., 80.

_See_ State chapter.

NEED, of man and woman in law and politics, 179;

in the home, everywhere, 180;

of each for other, 266;

same, 284;

of both in Gov't, 310.

NEGROES, how enfranch., xvii;

why disfranch., xviii;

placed above women, 2;

right to suff., 6;

nat'l. amend. necessary, 42;

women should not have suff., 105-6; 311;

deprived of suff. in South, compared to white women, 325;

women in smoking cars, 343;

if denied suff. should not be counted in basis of represent., 376;

trib. of wom. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 398;

her sympathy for, 403;

Nat'l. Ass'n. of Colored Women, 1051.

NEW JERSEY, failure of Sch. Suff. amend., xvi;

first State to grant wom. suff., 19;

account of same, 830. _See_ State chapter.

NEW SOUTH WALES, chapter on, 1029.

NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES.[502]

_Advertiser_ (New Decatur, Ala.), 465.

_Arena, The_, 6, 927-8.

_Argonaut_ (San Francisco), 491.

_Australian Register_, 1028.

_Australian Woman's Sphere_ (Melbourne), 1031.

_Boomerang_ (Laramie, Wyo.), 1006.

_Bricklayer and Mason_, 446.

_Bulletin_ (San Francisco), 491.

_Call_ (San Francisco), 482, 487, 491, 505.

_Chicago Law Times_, 609.

_Christian Advocate_, 207.

_Colorado Springs Gazette_, 525.

_Commercial Gazette_ (Cin'ti), 428.

_Congressional Record_, 110.

_Constitution_ (Atlanta), 244, 246.

_Daily Statesman_ (Boise, Ida.), 319, 591.

_Daily Times_ (Seattle), 974.

_Democrat_ (Grand Rapids), 339.

_Democratic State Journal_ (Wash.), 1096.

_Englishwoman's Review_, 22, 319, 1012.

_Enquirer_ (Cin'ti), 428.

_Evening News_ (Washtn.), 202.

_Evening Post_ (New York), 1096.

_Examiner_ (San Francisco), 491.

_Express_ (Los Angeles), 495.

_Fortnightly Review_, 1014-5.

_Freemen's Labor Journal_ (Spokane), 974.

_Harper's Bazar_, 716.

_Harper's Magazine_, 203.

_Herald_ (Boston), 732.

_Leader_ (Des Moines), 271, 273.

_Legal News, The_ (Chicago), 212, 609.

_Lily_ (Amelia Bloomer, ed.), 250, 295.

_Liquor Dealer_ (Los Angeles), 499.

Massachusetts papers, 711.

_Mirror_ (Seattle), 1096.

_Nevada Citizen_, 811.

_New Northwest_, 975.

_Nineteenth Century_ (Eng.), 1014.

_Oregonian_ (Portland), 896.

_Picayune_ (New Orleans), 680, 683.

_Post_ (San Francisco), 491.

_Post_ (Washtn.), 188, 201, 221, 236, 349, 361, 385, 387, 390-1,

393, 395, 400.

_Post-Intelligencer_ (Seattle), 1096.

_Public Ledger_ (Phila.), 227.

_Record_ (San Francisco), 491.

_Record-Union_ (Sacramento), 491.

_Remonstrance_ (Boston), 512.

_Report_ (San Francisco), 491.

Rhode Island papers, 910-11.

_Saturday Review_ (Atlanta), 582.

_Star_ (Richmond, Va.), 964.

_Star_ (San Francisco), 491.

_Star_ (Washtn.), 173, 189, 318, 388.

_Suffrage Reveille_ (Kas.), 647.

_Suffragist_ (Ills.), 612.

_Sun_ (Baltimore), 698.

_Sun_ (New York), 326, 459.

_Sunday World_ (Los Angeles), 499.

_Sunny South_ (Atlanta), 238.

_Times_ (Leavenworth, Kas.), 645.

_Times_ (London, Eng.), 1019.

_Times_ (Los Angeles), 491, 499.

_Times_ (New York), 364.

_Town Talk_ (Los Angeles), 499.

_Transcript_ (Olympia), 1096.

_Tribune_ (Chicago), 93, 1009.

_Una_ (Paulina Wright Davis, ed.), 294.

_Wisconsin Citizen_, 342, 987.

_Woman's Chronicle_ (Ark), 475-6.

_Woman's Column_ (Boston), 431, 465, 708.

_Woman's Exponent_ (Utah), 936 et al.

_Woman's Forum_ (Ills.), 613.

_Woman's Journal_ (Boston), 221, 236, 256, 342, 350, 381-2, 392,

406, 417, 423, 426, 430, 701, 726, 734, 736, 1096.

_Woman's Standard_ (Ia.), 342, 629.

_Woman's Tribune_ (Washtn.), 76, 126, 164, 296, 342, 306, 575, 970.

_Women's Suffrage Journal_ (Eng.), 22, 1015.

_Young Woman's Journal_, 956. _See_ Press.

NEW YORK, attempt to confer Sch. Suff. on women, xv;

women demand represent. at Centennial, 156;

women taxpayers, 240, 247, 313, 314;

report of Const'l. Conv. of '94, 247;

opinion of Atty. Gen. and other lawyers on Sch. Suff. and

Office-Holding for women, 1094. _See_ State chapter.

NEW ZEALAND, chapter on, 1029;

eminent advocates of wom. suff., 1084.

OCCUPATIONS, resume of women in, 463;

entrance of women, xxii, xxiii, xxv;

statistics, xxx;

advantage of ballot, 67;

progress of women in, 133;

women first in, 208;

Mr. Bok on women in business, 229;

danger of disfranch. women in, 312;

statistics of wages, 379;

business women send trib. to Miss Anthony on 80th birthday, 398.

_See_ State chapters under head of _Occupations_, beginning p. 465;

also Labor and various professions, Law, etc.

OFFICE-HOLDING by women, resume of, 462, and in each State chapter

under head of _Office-Holding_, beginning 465;

Sen. Vest on, 108;

Sen. Hoar on, 109;

in Wy., 117;

women first employed in Gov't dept., 123;

in Nat'l. Gov't. depts. at present, 572;

in Gr. Brit, 1023;

in Canada, _see_ chapter on, 1034.

OFFICERS, of Amer. Suff. Ass'n. in '84, 408;

from '84 to 1900, 428;

of Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. in '84, 27;

from 1869 to 1900, 387;

of Nat'l.-Amer. Ass'n. in '90, 174;

in '92, 186; in '94, 233;

in 1900, 1099.

--of first Nat'l. Council of Women, 137.

--of State Suff. Assns., listed in each State chapter,

beginning p. 465.

OPPONENTS of wom. suff., _see_ Church, Congress, Debates, Electorate,

Indifference of Women, Liquor Dealers, Remonstrants, Reports, etc.

_See_ also for arguments of, p. 93 et seq. and p. 999 et seq.

OREGON, xxi; xxix;

three classes of opponents, 249;

Amer. Suff. Ass'n. aids, 408.

_See_ State chapter.

ORGANIZATION for wom. suff.,

plan of, 26;

inadequacy of, 248;

nat'l. com. established, 250;

Mrs. Catt's work, 254;

her report, 256;

work of Utah women, 262;

necessity of, 273;

report of '97, obstacles to, 289; report of '99, 365;

in various States, 451.

_See_ also State chapters, beginning p. 465.

ORGANIZATIONS OF WOMEN, NATIONAL, Chap. LXXV.

--Ass'n for Adv'mt of Wom., 1050.

--Coll. Alum., Ass'n of, 1048.

--Colonial Dames of Amer., 1066.

--Col'd Wom., Nat'l Ass'n of, 1051.

--Council of Women, Int'l, 1044.

--Council of Women, Nat'l, 1044-5.

--Daughters of Amer. Rev., 1065.

--Daughters of the Rev., 1066.

--Daught. of Vets., Nat'l All., 1064.

--Daught. of Confed., United, 1067.

--Daught. of 1812, Nat. Soc, 1067.

--Daughters of Rebekah, 1069.

--Eastern Star, Order of, 1068.

--Fed. of Clubs, General, 1050.

--G. A. R., Ladies of, 1064.

--Household Econ., Nat'l As., 1056.

--Indian Ass'n. Wom. Nat'l., 1053.

--Jewish Wom., Nat. Coun. of, 1053.

--Keeley Rescue League, 1056.

--Kindergarten Union, Nat'l., 1055.

--Loc. Eng'rs, Ladies' Aux., 1069.

--Maccabees of World, Sup. Hive, Ladies of, 1067.

--Missionary Societies, 1057-1062.

--Mothers, Nat'l. Cong. of, 1051.

--Mt. Vernon Ladies' Ass'n., 1065.

--Music. Clubs, Nat'l. Fed. of, 1056.

--Needlework Guild of Am., 1057.

--Prison Ass'n., Woman's, 1055.

--Railroad Cond., Ladies' Aux., 1069.

--Rathbone Sisters of World, Sup. Temple, 1068.

--Red Cross Soc., Am. Nat'l., 1048.

--Relief Corps, Woman's, 1064.

--Relief Soc., Nat'l. Wom., 1052.

--Sabbath Alliance, Wom., 1063.

--Social Purity, Christian League for, 1054.

--Sunshine Soc., Internat'l., 1052.

--Wom. Chr. Temp. Union, 1045.

--Women Workers, Nat'l., 1054.

--Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Ass'n., 1055.

--Y'ng Wom. Chr. Ass'n., 1063.

--Miscellaneous, 1069.

--of Men and Women, 1070.

--in Great Britain, Liberal Federation, Primrose League and Nat'l.

Suff. Society, 1013-14.

--general comment on, majority would not have consented to, xxii;

great power of, xxv;

value of anti-suff., xxix;

working toward suff., xxx;

suff. organizations, rank first, 188;

vast increase, 396;

first on record and evolution of, 1042-3;

first temperance organ'zs., 1042;

during Civil War, 1043;

dignity of convs., 1044;

great scope of objects but few for suff., 1070-1;

all leading to it, 1071;

value in develop, of women, 1072;

number enrolled, 1072;

future power, 1073;

Gov't. must have their help, 1073.

PARTIES, _see_ alphabetical list and also Conventions.

So-called Third, xviii;

their general attitude, 143; 425; 438-9; 441; 479; 492; 522-3-4;

554-6; 591; 600; 617; 647; 755-6; 760; 809; 963; 971-2; 974.

PEACE, Conf. at Hague, Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. expresses sympathy, 336;

res. for Peace services, 337; 344.

_See_ War.

PERSECUTION, of early workers, xxviii;

not ended, xxxii;

of sex causes moral chaos, 42;

fate of reformers, 132.

PETITION, woman's right to, 32;

have exercised it many years, 33;

Congress must not deny, 93.

PETITIONS, for wom. suff., great number, 33;

for many years, 36;

in Ills., 39;

in O., 46; 110;

national enrollment, 137;

million signatures, 184;

size of, 268;

Fed. of Labor for wom. suff., 334;

in Wy., 448;

in N. Y., 850.

_See_ Chap. XXIII and State chapters under _Legislative Action_.

In Great Brit., 1015, 1017, 1020;

in N. Z., 1026;

in Victoria, 1032.

--against wom. suff., 107;

in Ills., 602;

in Mass., 723, 736 et al.;

in N. Y., 850;

in R. I., 911.

PHILIPPINES, Nat'l. Suff. Ass'n. demands rights for their women, 325;

Mrs. Spencer on our duty to the women of our new possessions, 328

et seq.;

discussion, 331 et seq.;

no hope for their women, 347;

testimony in favor before Senate Com., 348.

_See_ Chap. XIX for full statement.

PHARMACY, in Ky., 676.

PHYSICAL ABILITY, woman lacks, 99, 100, 108.

_See_ Military.

PIONEERS, first work for wom. suff., xiii;

early conditions of women, 1;

at Int'l. Council, 136;

in the West, 148;

struggles of, 154;

work of, 188;

appeal for their children, 195;

tributes to by Miss Anthony and Fred. Douglass, 204;

trib. of Douglass to, 227;

in Utah, 261;

gratitude to, 290;

young women should continue their work, 292;

mem. services for, 293;

at conv. of '98, 298-9;

of '99, 336.

PLAN OF WORK, adopted by nat'l. suff. conv. of '84, 26, 62;

by conv. of '87, 122;

suggestions for suff. clubs, 248;

of Amer. Suff. Ass'n. in '84, 410.

POLICE MATRONS, _see_ _Office-Holding_ in State chapters,

beginning p. 465.