_Protopithecus_, Lund, Ann. Sc. Nat. (2), xi., p. 230 (1839); Zittel,
Handb. Palæont., iv., p. 705 (1893).
This genus is founded on a very large leg-bone from the Pleistocene
bone-caves of Brazil. The species has been described as PROTOPITHECUS
BRASILIENSIS, Lund.
GENUS CALLITHRIX (Vol. I., p. 158).
Two species have been described from the Pleistocene bone-caves of Brazil:
CALLITHRIX CHLOROCNOMYS, Lund, and C. PRIMÆVA, Lund (= _C. antiqua_, Lund).
GENUS ALOUATTA (Vol. I., p. 192).
Remains of one species, ALOUATTA URSINA (p. 149), has been discovered in
the Pleistocene bone-caves of Brazil.
GENUS CEBUS (Vol. I., p. 204).
The Pleistocene bone-caverns of Brazil have preserved three species: one
extinct, CEBUS MACROGNATHUS, Lund, and two still living, C. FATUELLUS,
Linn., and C. CIRRIFER, Geoffr.
{211}GENUS HOMUNCULUS.
_Homunculus_, Ameghino, Rev. Argent. Hist. Nat., i., pp. 290, 384 (1891).
_Ecphantodon_, Mercenat, Rev. Mus. La Plata, ii., p. 74, pl. ii.; Zittel,
Handb. Palæont., iv., p. 704 (1893).
The dental formula of this genus is I2/2, C1/1, P3/3, M3/3. The diastema,
or break, in the dental series is very small; the incisors are
chisel-shaped, the outer pair smaller than the inner pair. The canines,
which have a small basal cusp behind, are only slightly prominent; the
pre-molars have one root, and one low outer cusp, and two higher inner
cusps. The molars are quadrangular, with two pairs of cusps, each united
obliquely by a ridge; the anterior molar is smaller than the two hinder.
The arm-bone (_humerus_) has an ent-epi-condylar foramen. (_Zittel._) The
front surface of the line of union of the two halves of the lower jaw is
vertical. The terminal joints of the digits have nails. The thumb and the
great-toe are opposable. HOMUNCULUS PATAGONICUS, Ameghino (= _Ecphantodon
ceboides_, Mercenat), the only known species, is found in the Upper Eocene
or Oligocene of Santa Cruz, Patagonia.