These are short in stature, have the skin yellow or brown, the hair black
and straight, abundant on the head, but sparse {208}elsewhere; the skull
low and intermediate between long and broad; the face broad, flat, and with
large cheek-bones; the eye-sockets high and round. To this stock belong (1)
the Eskimo of Greenland and all the sub-arctic regions of Eurasia and N.
America; (2) the Mongols, of whom the Japanese, the nomad Lapps, the Finns,
both of mixed Caucasian and Mongol blood, and those descendants of the
Mongols, the Magyars and the Turks, form a northern and much modified
group, while the Chinese, the Thibetans, the Burmese, and the Siamese
constitute a southern, more civilised, group; (3) the Malays of the Malayan
Peninsula and Sumatra, in which the Mongolian features are very apparent;
(4) the Brown Polynesians, inhabiting Samoa, Tonga, the Eastern Polynesian
islands, and New Zealand; (5) the native American races inhabiting the
continent from Terra del Fuego in the south, to the sub-arctic regions
occupied by the Esquimo.