_Simia pileata_, Shaw, Gen. Zool., i., p. 53 (1800).
_Cercocebus sinicus_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 98 (1812).
_Macacus sinicus_, Desm., Mamm., p. 64 (1820); Kelaart, Fauna Zeyl., p. 8
(1852).
{34}_Macacus pileatus_, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng., xvi., p. 1272 (1847);
Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 29 (1870); Anderson, Zool. Exped.
Yun-nan, p. 91 (1878; with synonymy); Blanf., Faun. Brit. Ind., Mamm., p.
24 (1891).
_Cercocebus pileatus_, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 98 (1876).
CHARACTERS.--Closely allied to _M. sinicus_; muzzle narrow and protruding;
hair in general long, wavy, rough; on the head elongated, radiating from
the centre of the top of the head, extending down on to the forehead, and
occasionally rising into an erect tuft; tail equal in length to the body;
forehead thinly haired and wrinkled. Length, 13 inches; tail, 14¾, in some
reaching 21 inches; tail, 18 inches.
In coloration the Toque closely resembles the Bonnet Macaque, but the
upper-parts are more rufous, the hairs of the present species (though
ringed as in _M. sinicus_) being above the grey roots rufous-brown, or
golden with a shade of chestnut at the tips. It is easily distinguished,
however, by the face being livid flesh-coloured, with scattered black
hairs, and the margin of the upper lip black; a space about the ears
whitish; hands, feet, and ears blackish; the under surface of the body and
the inner aspect of the limbs whitish; upper surface of the tail brown, its
apex light brown or grey; callosities livid flesh-colour.
FEMALE.--Limbs redder than in the male; inner side of the arms, and patches
on the chest and belly indigo blue.
YOUNG.--Hair of the crown not so much flattened down or so radiating as in
the adult; the face more old-fashioned and exquisitely comical; the tail
nearly naked; and the cheeks, palms, soles, and callosities pale pinkish.
(_Templeton._)
DISTRIBUTION.--The Toque Macaque holds in Ceylon the place occupied by the
Bonnet Macaque in Southern India.
{35}HABITS.--_Macacus pileatus_ closely resembles the Bonnet Macaque in
size, habits, and form. It is known to the Singhalese by the name of
Rilawa. "The little graceful grimacing _Rilawa_," as Sir J. Emerson Tennent
writes, "is the universal pet and favourite of both natives and Europeans.
The Tamil conjurers teach it to dance, and in their wanderings carry it
from village to village, clad in a grotesque dress, to exhibit its lively
performances. It does not object to smoke tobacco." Knox, in his
interesting account of the island, gives an accurate description of the
Rilawas, with "no beards, white faces, and long hair on the top of their
heads, which parteth and hangeth down like a man's, and which do a deal of
mischief to the corn, and are so impudent that they will come into their
gardens and eat such fruit as grows there."