Marriage, lord’s right of,
growth of, under Rufus, i. 336;
peculiar to England and Normandy, i. 340;
restrained by the charter of Henry I, ii. 353.
Mary, daughter of Malcolm,
brought up in Romsey Abbey, ii. 31, 598;
marries Eustace of Boulogne, ii. 31.
Matilda of Flanders, Queen,
lands of, claimed by Henry, i. 195, 197;
they are granted to Robert Fitz-hamon, i. 198.
Matilda, or Eadgyth, Queen, wife of Henry I,
her sojourn at Romsey, ii. 31, 599;
her relations with Henry, _ib._;
tale of her and William Rufus, ii. 32, 600;
sought in marriage by Alan of Richmond, ii. 602;
sought in marriage by Henry, ii. 31, 382;
her beauty and learning, ii. 382;
policy of the marriage, ii. 383;
wishes to appoint Eadwulf abbot of Malmesbury, ii. 383 (_note_);
objections to the marriage, ii. 384, 683;
appeals to Anselm, _ib._;
declared free to marry, ii. 385;
other versions of the story, ii. 385-387, 683 et seq.;
later fables about her marriage, ii. 387, 684, 685;
her marriage and coronation, ii. 387, 388;
takes the name of Matilda, ii. 305, 388;
her nickname of _Godgifu_, ii. 389;
her children, _ib._;
her character, ii. 390;
known as “good Queen Mold,” ii. 391;
Robert’s generosity to her, ii. 406;
baptized by the name of Eadgyth, ii. 598;
god-daughter of Duke Robert, ii. 602.
Matilda, Empress, daughter of Henry I and Matilda, ii. 389.
Matilda, wife of Stephen, and granddaughter of Malcolm, ii. 31.
Matilda, Abbess of Caen, Anselm’s letter to, ii. 579.
Matilda, Countess of Perche, natural daughter of Henry the First,
ii. 379.
Matilda, wife of Helias of La Flèche, ii. 196.
Matilda of Laigle,
marries Robert of Mowbray, i. 243 (_note_), ii. 38;
holds out at Bamburgh, ii. 54, 609;
yields to save her husband’s eyes, ii. 54;
her second marriage and divorce, ii. 55, 612.
Matilda, wife of William of Bellême, signs the foundation-charter
of Lonlay Abbey, ii. 539.
Matilda, daughter of Waltheof, marries David of Scotland, ii. 124.
Matilda of Wallingford, her foundation at Oakburn, i. 376 (_note_).
Matthew, Count of Beaumont, helps to defend Courcy, ii. 519.
Matthew Paris, his version of the accession of William Rufus,
ii. 461.
Maule, fortress of, ii. 251, 253.
Maurice, Bishop of London,
his dispute with Anselm, i. 440;
crowns Henry I, ii. 350, 681;
his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
false story of his approaching death brought to Flambard, ii. 560.
Mayet Castle, ii. 196;
strengthened by Helias, ii. 275;
siege of, ii. 289-294, 652;
raising of the siege, ii. 294, 653;
description of, ii. 652.
Mediolanum. _See_ Evreux.
Mercenaries,
employment of under William Rufus, i. 134, 153, 226, ii. 496;
their presence tends to promote the fusion of English and
Normans, i. 134;
their wrong-doings, i. 154, ii. 498;
statute of Henry I against, _ib._
Meredydd, son of Bleddyn,
becomes the man of Robert of Bellême, ii. 424;
his action on his behalf, ii. 442.
Merewine of Chester-le-Street, signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Meulan, importance of its position, ii. 183.
Mevania. _See_ Anglesey.
Milford Haven, ii. 95.
Mona. _See_ Anglesey.
Monacledin, Duncan slain at, ii. 36 (_note_).
_Monarches_, use of the title, ii. 484.
Montacute (near Saint Cenery), castle of, besieged by Duke Robert
and destroyed, i. 469 (_note_).
Montacute Priory, ii. 120.
Mont Barbé, castle of, at Le Mans, i. 239, 361.
Montbizot, ii. 232.
Mont-de-la-Nue, castle of, ii. 216.
Montfort l’Amaury,
fortress of, ii. 251, 253;
church of, ii. 254;
defended by the younger Simon, _ib._
Montgomery (in Wales),
castle of, ii. 77;
taken by the Welsh, ii. 104.
Morel,
slays Malcolm, ii. 16, 593;
plunders Norwegian ships, ii. 40;
holds out at Bamburgh, ii. 54, 610;
turns king’s-evidence, ii. 55;
his end, ii. 69;
his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Moreldene, ii. 17.
Morgan, son of Jestin, ii. 81 (_note_).
Morganwg,
distinguished from Glamorgan, ii. 85;
conquest of, _see_ Glamorgan.
Morkere, son of Ælfgar,
re-imprisoned by William, i. 13, 14;
his signature to a charter of William of Saint-Calais, i. 14
(_note_).
Moses of Canterbury, ii. 573.
Motte de Gauthier-le-Clincamp, castle of, ii. 216.
Mowbray Castle, granted to Nigel of Albini, ii. 612.
Murtagh, Muirchertach, or Murchard,
calls himself king of Ireland, i. 544;
Anselm’s letters to, i. 545 (_note_), ii. 581;
his answer to the threat of William Rufus, ii. 94;
drives Godred Crouan out of Dublin, ii. 137;
sends Donald to the Sudereys, _ib._;
his dealings with Magnus of Norway, ii. 146, 622, 624;
marries his daughter to Sigurd, ii. 136, 146, 443, 622;
Arnulf of Montgomery’s dealings with, ii. 425, 426, 442.
Mutilation, feeling with regard to, i. 548 (_note_), ii. 64.
N.
Neath, borough and abbey of, ii. 88, 89.
Neauphlé-le-Château, ii. 251;
defended by the elder Simon of Montfort, ii. 253.
Nest, wife of Bernard of Newmarch,
her descent, ii. 90;
her faithlessness to her husband, ii. 91;
her grant to Battle Abbey, ii. 91 (_note_).
Nest,
wife of Gerald of Windsor, ii. 97, 110 (_note_);
her relations with Henry I, ii. 97, 110 (_note_), 379.
Nest, daughter of Jestin, marries Einion, ii. 80.
Neufchâtel-en-Bray, i. 236 (_note_).
Neuilly, Robert of Bellême imprisoned at, i. 199.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
defended by Robert of Mowbray, ii. 46;
taken by William Rufus, ii. 47, 607.
New Forest,
its supposed connexion with the Saxon colony at Carlisle, i. 316,
ii. 550;
death of Richard son of Duke Robert there, ii. 316;
various versions of the death of William Rufus in, ii. 325 et seq.
Nicolas, Bishop of Llandaff, his charter, ii. 84 (_note_).
Nidaros. _See_ Trondhjem.
Nigel of Albini,
his marriages, ii. 55, 612;
Mowbray Castle granted to, ii. 612.
_Nithing_ Proclamation of William, i. 78.
Nivard of Septeuil, ii. 252.
Nomenclature of Wales compared with that of England, ii. 75.
Nomenclature, personal, illustrations of, ii. 489, 551, 577.
Norham Castle, founded by Flambard, ii. 272.
Norman Conquest,
at once completed and undone under Rufus and under Henry I,
i. 3, 7, 130, ii. 456;
England reconciled to it by Henry I, ii. 456;
compared with that of Wales, ii. 72.
Norman nobles,
revolt against William Rufus, i. 22 et seq., ii. 465 et seq.;
refuse to attend the Easter Gemôt, i. 32;
amnesty granted to, by Rufus, i. 88;
accepted as Englishmen, i. 132;
some loyal to Rufus, i. 62;
second revolt of, ii. 37.
Normandy,
chief seat of warfare in the reign of Rufus, i. 178;
contrasted with England, _ib._;
temptations for the invasion of Rufus, i. 188;
under Robert, i. 189, 190;
spread of vice in, i. 192;
building of castles in, _ib._;
its rivalry with France, i. 201;
Rufus’s invasion of, agreed to by the Witan, i. 222-224;
its relations with England and France, i. 240;
private wars in, i. 241-244;
Orderic’s picture of, i. 271;
Rufus crosses over to, i. 273;
compared with England, i. 468;
her share in the first crusade, i. 547;
pledged to Rufus by Robert, i. 555;
Rufus takes possession of, i. 566;
his rule in, i. 567, 569, 570;
renewed anarchy in, on his death, ii. 366.
Normannus. _See_ Northman.
Normans and English,
fusion of, i. 130, 134, ii. 401, 455;
use of the words, ii. 649.
Northallerton, church of, granted to the monks of Durham, i. 535.
Northampton,
architectural arrangements of the castle, i. 601;
constitution of the Council of 1164, i. 602.
Northman, monk of Christ Church, i. 140 (_note_).
Northumberland, invaded by Malcolm, i. 296.
Norwich, see of Thetford moved to, i. 449; ii. 569.
O.
Oakburn, a cell of Bec, i. 376 (_note_).
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux,
restored to his earldom, i. 19, ii. 467;
his discontent and intrigues, i. 23, 24, ii. 465;
his hatred towards Lanfranc, i. 24, 53 (_note_);
his harangue against William Rufus, i. 26, ii. 466;
his ravages in Kent, i. 52;
occupies Rochester Castle, i. 55;
invites Robert over, i. 56;
hated by the English, i. 67, 86;
moves to Pevensey, i. 70;
besieged therein by Rufus, i. 72-76;
surrenders on favourable terms, i. 76;
his treachery at Rochester, i. 77;
besieged therein, i. 79;
agrees to surrender, i. 80;
Rufus refuses his terms, i. 81;
pleadings made for, i. 83;
terms granted to, by Rufus, i. 85;
his humiliation and banishment, i. 85-87;
his influence with Duke Robert, i. 199;
his exhortation to him, i. 200;
marches with him into Maine, i. 208;
his further schemes, i. 211;
goes on the first crusade, i. 560;
his death and tomb at Palermo, i. 563, 571, ii. 307;
said to have married Philip and Bertrada, ii. 172.
Odo, Abbot of Chertsey,
resigns his abbey, i. 350;
restored by Henry, _ib._
Odo of Champagne, lord of Holderness,
part of the lands of the see of Durham granted to, i. 90;
his agreement with the Bishop, i. 93;
intervenes on his behalf, i. 109, 117, 120;
confiscation of his lands, ii. 66.
Odo, Duke of Burgundy, his alleged scheme against Anselm, i. 606.
Ogmore Castle, ii. 86.
Olaf, Saint, legend of him and Magnus, ii. 139.
Olaf, son of Godred Crouan, ii. 137, 623.
Oldbury, ii. 155.
Omens, William Rufus sneers at the English regard for, ii. 330.
Ordeal,
contempt of William Rufus for, i. 157, 165;
Eadmer’s belief in, i. 166 (_note_).
Orderic,
writes Robert of Rhuddlan’s epitaph, i. 128;
his picture of Normandy, i. 271;
dictates his writings, i. 272 (_note_);
his account of the expedition of Magnus, ii. 142;
the only writer who mentions Eadgyth-Matilda’s change of name,
ii. 687.
Ordgar,
his charge against Eadgar Ætheling, ii. 115, 617;
story of his duel with Godwine, ii. 115-117, 617;
estimate of the story, ii. 117, 615;
notices of, in Domesday, ii. 616.
Ordwine, monk, Anselm’s letters to, ii. 579.
Orkneys, invaded by Magnus, ii. 140.
Orm, priest, signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Orm’s Head, the, origin of the name, i. 123 (_note_).
Orricus de Stanton, ii. 555.
Osbern, monk of Bec, various bearers of the name, i. 374 (_note_).
Osbern, brother of Flambard, ii. 551.
Osbern of Orgères, companion of Robert of Rhuddlan, i. 126.
Osbern of Richard’s Castle, rebels against William Rufus, i. 33.
Osgod Clapa, his irreverence towards Saint Eadmund, ii. 268.
Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury,
sent with a summons to Bishop William, i. 116;
consecrates his cathedral, i. 309;
helps at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
absolved by Anselm for his conduct at Rockingham, i. 533;
Anselm confers with him at Winchester, i. 586;
receives William of Alderi’s confession, ii. 68;
not present at his hanging, _ib._;
his death, i. 351, ii. 302;
his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Oswald, Saint, King of the Northumbrians,
rebuilds the church of Tynemouth, ii. 17, 604;
his relic at Bamburgh, ii. 49, 608.
Oswine, King of Deira,
his martyrdom, ii. 17;
invention of his relics, ii. 18, 603;
his translation, ii. 18, 606.
Outillé Castle,
strengthened by Helias, ii. 275;
burned by him, ii. 288.
Owen, son of Edwin, ii. 424.
Oystermouth Castle, ii. 103.
P.
Padua, siege of, i. 173 (_note_).
Pagan or Theobald,
fortifies Gisors, ii. 186;
taken prisoner by Lewis, ii. 186 (_note_), 190;
Gisors restored to, ii. 396.
Pagan of Montdoubleau,
holds Ballon against Duke Robert, i. 209;
Orderic’s tale of his forsaking Saint Cenery, i. 469 (_note_);
betrays Ballon to William Rufus, ii. 235.
Pagan of Turberville,
holds Coyty, ii. 87;
joins the Welsh, ii. 104.
Palermo, death and tomb of Odo of Bayeux at, i. 563, 571, ii. 307.
Palgrave, Sir F.,
on chivalry, ii. 508;
his condemnation of the crusades, ii. 509;
on the alleged Domesday of Randolf Flambard, ii. 562-564;
his belief in the legend about Purkis, ii. 679.
Pallium,
elder usage as to, i. 482;
not needful for the validity of archiepiscopal acts, i. 483.
Papacy, English feeling as to the schism in, i. 415.
Paschal II., Pope,
speech of William Rufus on his election, i. 623;
Anselm’s letters to, ii. 582.
Paul, Abbot of Saint Alban’s,
Anselm’s friendship with, i. 424;
his death, i. 424, ii. 18.
Paul, Earl of Orkney,
taken prisoner by Magnus, ii. 140;
his death in Norway, ii. 140, 581.
Paula, mother of Helias of La Flèche, ii. 196.
Peckham manor,
mortgaged by Anselm to the monks of Christ Church, i. 559;
kept by the monks, i. 596.
Peers, their right of trial, i. 604 (_note_).
Pembroke Castle,
description of, ii. 96;
begun by Arnulf of Montgomery, _ib._;
later castle, _ib._;
defended by Gerald of Windsor, ii. 101, 108;
surrendered to Henry I by Arnulf, ii. 450 (_note_);
grant of, by Henry I, ii. 451.
Pembrokeshire,
Flemish settlement in, ii. 70 (_note_), 74, 88, 615;
building of castles in, ii. 93;
military character of its buildings, ii. 96.
Penmon Priory, ii. 129, 130 (_note_).
Penrice Castle, ii. 103.
Percy, house of, beginning of its connexion with Alnwick, ii. 15, 596.
Perray, castle of, ii. 216.
Peter of Maule, ii. 252.
Peterborough, monks of, buy a _congé d’élire_ of Rufus, i. 352.
Pevensey,
held by Robert of Mortain, i. 53, 62;
Odo moves to, i. 70;
castle of, i. 72;
besieged by William Rufus, i. 73-76;
attempted landing of the Normans at, i. 74, ii. 468, 481;
surrenders, i. 76;
Henry I gathers his fleet at, ii. 404.
Philip I of France,
marches with Robert against Eu, i. 238;
bought off by William Rufus, i. 239;
historical importance of this bribe, _ib._;
mediates between William Rufus and Robert, i. 275, ii. 522;
helps Robert against William, i. 463;
returns to France, i. 464;
bought off by William, i. 466;
his position compared with that of Helias of Maine, ii. 169;
rebuked by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, i. 559 (_note_);
puts away his first wife, ii. 171;
seeks Emma of Sicily in marriage, ii. 171 (_note_);
his adulterous marriage with Bertrada of Montfort, i. 548,
ii. 171, 172;
denounced by Hugh of Lyons, ii. 173;
his excommunication, i. 549, ii. 173;
his pretended divorce, ii. 173 (_note_);
his sons by Bertrada, ii. 174;
grants the Vexin to Lewis, ii. 175;
his letter to Anselm, ii. 580.
Philip, son of Philip and Bertrada, ii. 174.
Philip of Braose, supports William Rufus, i. 472.
Philip, son of Roger of Montgomery,
goes on the first crusade, i. 552;
conspires against William Rufus, ii. 38;
signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Piacenza,
Council of, i. 522, 545;
no mention of English affairs at, i. 522.
Pipe Rolls, notices of nomenclature in, ii. 551.
Poix, lordship of Walter Tirel, ii. 673.
Ponthieu, acquired by Robert of Bellême, ii. 423.
Pontlieue, victory of Helias at, ii. 278.
Pontoise,
granted to Lewis by Philip, ii. 175;
claimed by William Rufus, ii. 176;
withstands William Rufus, ii. 185;
castle and town of, ii. 247;
the furthest point in the French campaign of William Rufus,
ii. 248.
Pope,
William of Saint-Calais appeals to, i. 103, 109;
first appeal made to, i. 119;
not to be acknowledged without the king’s consent, i. 414;
Anselm insists on the acknowledgement, i. 416;
question left unsettled, i. 424;
no reference to, in the case of English episcopal appointments,
i. 425;
position of England towards, i. 496.
Porchester,
Duke Robert lands at, ii. 405;
church and castle of, ii. 406 (_note_).
Powys, advance of Earl Roger in, ii. 97.
Prisoners, ransom of, i. 464.
Purkis, the charcoal-burner, legend of, ii. 679.
Q.
Quatford,
Danish fortification at, ii. 152;
castle of, ii. 153;
Earl Roger’s buildings at, ii. 154;
legend of the foundation of the church, ii. 154 (_note_).
R.
Radegund, wife of Robert of Geroy, i. 469 (_note_).
Radnor, ii. 77.
Ralph Luffa,
Bishop of Chichester, i. 353;
at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
whether a mediator between Henry I and the garrison of Arundel,
ii. 430 (_note_).
Ralph, Bishop of Coutances, at the consecration of the church of
Battle, i. 444.
Ralph, Abbot of Seez, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury,
driven out by Robert of Bellême, i. 184, 242;
his alleged share in the surrender of Arundel, ii. 430 (_note_).
Ralph of Aix, death of William Rufus attributed to, ii. 325, 334, 663.
Ralph of Fresnay and Beaumont,
truce granted to, by William Rufus, ii. 230;
estimate of his conduct, ii. 231;
submits to William Rufus, ii. 241.
Ralph of Mortemer,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
submits to him, i. 231.
Ralph Paganel, Sheriff of Yorkshire,
his treatment of William of Saint-Calais, i. 31;
founds Holy Trinity Priory, York, _ib._;
his action in regard to Bishop William’s lands, i. 90;
at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 111.
Ralph of Toesny, or Conches,
drives out the ducal forces, i. 193;
joins Robert’s expedition into Maine, i. 209;
his feud with William of Evreux, i. 231, 233, 245;
asks help in vain from Duke Robert, i. 234;
submits to Rufus, _ib._;
his treaties with William of Evreux, i. 267, 270;
wars against Robert of Meulan, i. 270;
supports William Rufus in his second invasion, i. 472;
his death, i. 270;
entertains William Rufus, ii. 246.
Ralph of Toesny, the younger, i. 233, 271.
Ralph of Wacey, his nickname, ii. 193.
Ralph of Wader, goes on the first crusade, i. 552.
Rama, siege of, ii. 117 (_note_), 122.
Randolf Flambard, Bishop of Durham,
feudal developement under, i. 4;
his early history, i. 329, ii. 551;
said to have been Dean of Twinham, i. 330, ii. 553;
his parents, i. 331;
origin of his surname, i. 331, ii. 555;
his financial skill, i. 331;
his probable share in Domesday, i. 331, ii. 552;
his alleged new Domesday, i. 332, ii. 562;
Justiciar, i. 333, ii. 557;
his loss of land for the New Forest, i. 333;
his systematic changes and exactions, i. 333, 339, 346, 348;
his alleged spoliation of the rich, i. 334, 341;
systematizes the feudal tenures, i. 336 et seq.;
his theory of land tenure, i. 337;
extent of his changes, i. 340;
the law-giver of English feudalism, i. 341;
suggests the holding of the revenues of vacant sees, i. 345 et
seq., ii. 564;
his action in keeping the see of Canterbury vacant, i. 363
(_note_);
his suit against Anselm, i. 428;
attacks and imprisons Robert son of Godwine, ii. 121;
King Eadgar’s action towards, _ib._;
his exactions, ii. 256;
joint regent with Bishop Walkelin, ii. 266;
see of Durham granted to, ii. 271;
his consecration, _ib._;
character of the appointment, ii. 272;
his buildings at Durham, ii. 60, 272;
founds Norham Castle, _ib._;
his personal character, ii. 273;
his penitent end, ii. 274;
his dealings with Saint Alban’s Abbey, ii. 359 (_note_);
imprisoned by Henry, ii. 361;
his escape, ii. 397;
adventures of his mother, ii. 398;
stirs Duke Robert up against Henry, _ib._;
said to have brought about desertions to Duke Robert, ii. 404;
receives the revenues of the see of Lisieux under cover of his
son, ii. 416;
his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536;
entries about, in Domesday, ii. 553;
his official position, ii. 557;
story of the attempt on his life, ii. 560;
his measurement by the rope, ii. 563.
Randolf Meschines, Earl of Chester, grant of the earldom of Carlisle
to, ii. 549.
Randolf Peverel, ii. 485.
Randolf, his encounter with Saint Eadmund, ii. 269.
Ransom, growth of the custom, i. 464.
Rapes, in Sussex, origin of the name, ii. 564.
Raymond, Count of Toulouse, refuses to do homage to Alexios, i. 564
(_note_).
Redemption of land,
as devised by Flambard, i. 337;
as reformed by Henry I, i. 338, 353.
Reginald, Abbot of Abingdon,
said to have helped in distributing the Conqueror’s treasure,
ii. 265 (_note_);
his death, ii. 265 (_note_), 381 (_note_).
Reginald of Saint Evroul, adorns Robert of Rhuddlan’s tomb, i. 128.
Reginald of Warren, comes to Robert’s help at Rouen, i. 249, 253.
Reingar, Bishop of Lucca, his protest in favour of Anselm, i. 622.
Relief,
Flambard’s theory as to, i. 337, 338;
enforced by Henry’s charter, i. 338, ii. 353.
Remigius, Bishop of Lincoln,
denounces the slave trade, i. 310;
completes the minster, _ib._;
his dispute with Thomas of York, i. 311;
wins over William Rufus, _ib._;
his death, i. 312;
alleged miracles at his tomb, i. 312 (_note_);
his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Rémusat, Charles de, his Life of Anselm, i. 325 (_note_).
Rhuddlan,
attacked by Gruffydd, i. 122;
castle of, ii. 77.
Rhyd-y-gors Castle,
built by William Rufus, ii. 97;
defence of, ii. 101;
gained by the Welsh, ii. 106.
Rhys ap Tewdwr, King of Deheubarth,
driven from and restored to his kingdom, i. 121;
his attack on Rhuddlan Castle, i. 122, ii. 78;
his defeat and death at Brecknock, ii. 91;
effect of his death, ii. 92.
Rhys ap Thomas, Sir, ii. 95 (_note_).
Richard I, compared with William Rufus, i. 290.
Richard II., recasts Westminster Hall, ii. 262.
Richard the Good, Duke of the Normans, i. 169.
Richard, son of Duke Robert, his death, ii. 316.
Richard,
son of Henry I and Ansfrida, ii. 314, 380;
dies in the White Ship, ii. 381.
Richard, Abbot of Saint Alban’s, ii. 166.
Richard, Abbot of Ely,
his appointment, ii. 360;
removed by Anselm, _ib._
Richard of Courcy,
besieged by Duke Robert and Robert of Bellême, i. 274;
supports William Rufus, i. 472.
Richard of Montfort, his death before Conches, i. 266.
Richard of Redvers,
supports Henry, i. 221;
surrenders to William Rufus, i. 283;
joins Henry, i. 320;
one of Henry’s inner council, ii. 362;
his loyalty to Henry, ii. 399;
granted to Henry by Robert, ii. 513.
Richard Siward, ii. 86.
Richard Tisone, ii. 596.
Richer of Laigle, i. 243 (_note_).
Richera (Richesa), sister of Anselm, his letters to, ii. 579.
Robert, Duke of the Normans,
assertion of his hereditary right, i. 11 (_note_), ii. 460;
releases Duncan and Wulf, i. 14;
his gifts for his father’s soul, i. 18;
compared with William Rufus, i. 20, 226;
arguments of the rebels in his favour, i. 24 et seq.;
invited to England by Odo, i. 56;
sends over Robert of Bellême and others, _ib._;
delays his coming, i. 71, 74;
his childish boasting, i. 71;
his promises to Odo, i. 72;
welcomes Bishop William, i. 117;
M. le Hardy’s apology for him, i. 175 (_note_);
William of Malmesbury’s estimate of him, _ib._;
character of his reign foretold by his father, i. 189;
anarchy under him, i. 190, 191;
his character, i. 190, 298, ii. 393;
spread of vice under him, i. 192;
his lavish waste, i. 195;
sells the Côtentin and Avranchin to Henry, i. 196, ii. 510-516;
imprisons Henry and Robert of Bellême, i. 199;
Earl Roger makes war on him, _ib._;
Odo’s exhortation to him, i. 200;
does homage to Fulk of Anjou for Maine, i. 204;
Maine submits to him, i. 209;
Ballon surrenders to him, i. 210;
besieges Saint Cenery, i. 211;
blinds Robert Carrel, i. 216;
grants Saint Cenery to Robert, grandson of Geroy, i. 217;
Alençon and Bellême surrender to him, i. 218;
frees Robert of Bellême and Henry, i. 220;
asks King Philip to help him against William, i. 237;
suspects the loyalty of Maine, ii. 191;
asks help of Fulk of Anjou, ii. 192;
bargains for the marriage of Fulk and Bertrada, ii. 193, 194;
Maine revolts again, ii. 197;
his carelessness as to his loss, ii. 200;
cleaves to his rights over the bishopric, _ib._;
marches on Eu, i. 238;
a party in Rouen in his favour, i. 248;
Henry and Robert of Bellême come to his help, _ib._;
sent away from Rouen by Henry, i. 255;
is brought back, i. 260;
his treatment of the citizens, _ib._;
helps Robert of Bellême in his private wars, i. 273;
his treaty with William, i. 275-281, ii. 522, 528;
marches against Henry, i. 283;
besieges Saint Michael’s Mount, i. 285-292, ii. 528-535;
story of his clemency towards Henry, i. 291, ii. 534;
accompanies William to England, i. 295, 297;
his relations with Malcolm, i. 297, ii. 541 et seq.;
mediates between William and Malcolm, i. 301;
former homage of Malcolm to him, i. 302, ii. 542;
signs the Durham charter, i. 305, ii. 536;
his fresh dispute with William, i. 306;
leaves England, i. 307;
Henry wars against him, i. 321;
consents to Anselm’s acceptance of the primacy, i. 406;
his challenges to William, i. 435, 436;
his meeting with him, i. 461;
calls on Philip for help, i. 463;
takes La Houlme, i. 465;
besieges Montacute, i. 469 (_note_);
Henry again wars against him, i. 470;
his eagerness to go on the crusade, i. 552;
forced to apply to William for help, i. 553;
Abbot Geronto mediates between them, i. 553-555;
pledges Normandy to William, i. 555, ii. 506;
his conference with William, i. 559;
sets forth, i. 560;
his conduct as a crusader, i. 560, 564, 565, 566, ii. 394;
blessed by Urban at Lucca, i. 561;
goes to Rome, _ib._;
welcomed by Roger of Apulia, _ib._;
crosses to Dyrrhachion, i. 563;
does homage to Alexios at Constantinople, i. 564;
his presence at Laodikeia and Jerusalem, i. 564, 565, ii. 300;
said to have refused the crown of Jerusalem, i. 566;
marries Sibyl of Conversana, ii. 312;
his reception in Southern Italy, _ib._;
returns to Normandy, i. 566, ii. 311, 367;
gives thanks at Saint Michael’s for his safe return, ii. 367;
his renewed misgovernment, ii. 367, 394;
his claims to the English throne, ii. 343, 344, 346;
supported by William of Breteuil and other Normans, ii. 346, 347;
Norman nobles intrigue with, against Henry I, ii. 366, 368;
beginning of his war with Henry, ii. 368;
his reply to the garrison of Le Mans, ii. 372;
plots on his behalf, ii. 395;
his grants and promises, _ib._;
his fleet, ii. 402;
desertions to, ii. 404, 409, 686;
lands at Portchester, ii. 405;
estimate of his conduct in not besieging Winchester, ii. 406;
meets Henry near Alton, ii. 409;
threatened with excommunication by Anselm, ii. 410;
negotiates with him, ii. 412;
personal meeting and treaty between the brothers, ii. 412-415,
538, 688-691;
returns to Normandy, ii. 414;
Henry negotiates with him, against Robert of Bellême, ii. 426;
besieges Vignats, _ib._;
said to have stood godfather to Eadgyth-Matilda, ii. 602.
Robert, Bishop of Hereford,
foretells the death of Remigius, i. 312;
receives Wulfstan’s confession, i. 479;
Wulfstan appears to him, i. 480;
absolved by Anselm for his conduct at Rockingham, i. 533;
Wulfstan appears to him again, _ib._ and _note_;
his death, i. 535.
Robert Bloet, Bishop of Lincoln,
accompanies William Rufus to England, i. 13;
his appointment, i. 395, ii. 584;
his character and offices, i. 395, 447, ii. 584 et seq.;
Thomas of York claims the right to consecrate him, i. 433;
consecrated by Anselm, i. 445-447;
bribes Rufus, i. 446;
his death, i. 448, ii. 587;
local legends about, i. 448, ii. 586;
said to have besieged Tickhill, ii. 431;
signs the Durham charter, ii. 536;
not in good favour with monks, ii. 585;
his son Simon, ii. 586;
meaning of his name, ii. 588.
Robert, Bishop of Bath, restores the canons of Wells, ii. 487.
Robert Losinga, Abbot of New Minster,
the abbey bought for him by his son, i. 355;
his death, ii. 265 (_note_), 267.
Robert, Abbot of Saint Eadmund’s,
his appointment, ii. 359;
removed by Anselm, ii. 360.
Robert of Bellême,
sent over to England by Duke Robert, i. 57, ii. 465 et seq.;
agrees to surrender Rochester, i. 80;
pleadings made for him, i. 84;
his history and greatness, i. 179, 180;
his character, i. 181;
his cruelty and enmities, i. 182-184, ii. 151, 222;
drives out the ducal garrisons, i. 193, 201;
sent against Rufus by Robert, i. 57;
returns to Normandy and is imprisoned, i. 199, 219;
exhortation of Odo against him, i. 201;
released at his father’s prayer, i. 219, 220;
his subsequent action, i. 242;
drives away Abbot Ralph of Seez, i. 184, 242;
comes to the help of Duke Robert, i. 248;
helped by Robert against his neighbours, i. 273, 274;
his oppression at Domfront, i. 319;
succeeds to the Norman estates of his father, i. 180, 473;
to his English estates, i. 180, ii. 148;
men of Domfront revolt against, i. 319;
his action in Wales, ii. 113;
extent of his estates, ii. 148, 163;
his position on the continent and in England, ii. 149, 150;
compared with the Counts of Mortain, ii. 149, and with Hugh of
Chester, ii. 150;
his oppression, ii. 151;
his skill in castle-building, _ib._;
his defences in Shropshire, ii. 152;
removes from Quatford to Bridgenorth, ii. 155;
builds Careghova Castle, ii. 158;
his Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire estates, ii. 159;
lands of Roger of Bully granted to, ii. 162;
strengthens Gisors Castle, ii. 187;
attacks Maine, ii. 213;
stirs up William Rufus to war, ii. 215;
carries it on, ii. 216;
his nickname of “Robert the Devil,” ii. 216, 219;
his castles in Maine, ii. 216;
wrong and sacrilege done by him, ii. 221, 222;
defeated by Helias, ii. 222, 223;
takes Helias prisoner, ii. 224;
contrasted with William Rufus, _ib._;
occupies and strengthens Ballon Castle, ii. 235, 282;
story of him at the siege of Mayet, ii. 291;
hastens to acknowledge Henry I as king, ii. 362;
calls himself the “man” of Helias, ii. 373 (_note_);
plots against Henry, ii. 395;
Duke Robert’s grants to, _ib._;
deserts from Henry, ii. 409;
said to have negotiated between Henry and Robert, ii. 412;
charges brought against, ii. 421;
does not appear before the assembly, _ib._;
proclamation against, ii. 442;
again summoned, but refuses to come, _ib._;
greatness of his possessions, ii. 423;
his acquisition of Ponthieu, _ib._;
his Welsh and Irish allies, ii. 423-426;
strengthens his castles, ii. 428;
harries Staffordshire, ii. 429;
Henry’s faith pledged for his life, ii. 430, 438;
seizes the land of William Pantulf, ii. 434;
feeling in the army on his behalf, ii. 436;
his dealings wth Murtagh and with Magnus, ii. 442;
holds out at Shrewsbury, ii. 445;
his despair, ii. 446;
sues for peace, and submits, ii. 448;
his banishment, ii. 449;
joy at his overthrow, _ib._;
his later history, i. 184, ii. 450.
Robert Carrel,
holds Saint Cenery against Duke Robert, i. 215;
blinded by him, i. 216.
Robert of Conteville, i. 115.
Robert the Cornard, his device of pointed shoes, i. 159, ii. 502.
Robert of Courcy,
marries Rohesia of Grantmesnil, i. 273 (_note_);
wounded at Saônes, ii. 222.
Robert of Curzon, Saint Eadmund’s dealings with, ii. 269.
Robert the Dispenser,
signs the foundation charter of Salisbury Cathedral, i. 309
(_note_);
invents the surname _Flambard_, i. 309 (_note_), 331.
Robert Count of Eu, submits to Rufus, i. 229.
Robert Fitz-hamon,
his loyalty to William Rufus, i. 62;
Matilda’s lands granted to, by Rufus, i. 198;
his foundation at Tewkesbury, i. 479;
story of him and Jestin, ii. 80;
estimate of the story, ii. 81, 614;
his conquest of Glamorgan and settlement at Cardiff, ii. 81,
84;
other notices of, ii. 82;
marries Earl Roger’s daughter, ii. 83;
his works at Gloucester and Tewkesbury, ii. 84;
said to have taken part against Rhys, ii. 91;
tells the monk’s dream to William Rufus, ii. 328;
legend of his share in the burial of Rufus, ii. 338, 676;
signs Henry’s letter to Anselm, ii. 366;
his loyalty to him, ii. 399;
said to have negotiated between Henry and Robert, ii. 412.
Robert Fitzharding, his probable origin, i. 46 (_note_).
Robert the Frisian, Count of Flanders,
his interview with William Rufus, i. 411;
his expedition to the East, _ib._;
his help to the Emperor Alexios, _ib._;
his death, _ib._
Robert of Jerusalem, Count of Flanders,
succeeds his father, i. 412;
goes on the first crusade, i. 551, 560;
Anselm’s letter to, ii. 581.
Robert, Earl of Gloucester,
natural son of Henry I, ii. 379, 414;
marries Mabel, daughter of Robert Fitz-hamon, ii. 83.
Robert, natural son of Henry I and Nest, ii. 379.
Robert Malet, his banishment, ii. 417.
Robert, Count of Meulan,
son of Roger of Beaumont, i. 184;
his possessions, i. 185;
his exploits at Senlac, _ib._;
his fame for wisdom, _ib._;
claims Ivry, i. 243;
his imprisonment and release, _ib._;
advises Rufus as to Anselm’s conditions, i. 417;
supports William Rufus, i. 472;
his description of Anselm, i. 511;
marries Isabel of Vermandois, i. 187 (_note_), 551;
his marriage denounced by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, i. 551 (_note_);
his answer to Anselm’s discourse, i. 591;
his policy towards William Rufus, ii. 182, 184;
receives his troops, ii. 182;
counsels William Rufus to reject Helias’s offer of service,
ii. 243, 641;
accompanies Henry to London, ii. 350, 680;
one of his councillors, i. 186, ii. 350, 362, 420;
does not sign Henry’s charter or letter to Anselm, ii. 366;
Norman raid against his lands, ii. 367;
his advice to Henry I, ii. 400;
his bargain with Ivo of Grantmesnil, ii. 418;
becomes Earl of Leicester, ii. 419;
his death, i. 187, 419;
his sons, _ib._;
his college at Leicester, ii. 420;
Anselm’s letters to him, ii. 580.
Robert, Earl of Leicester,
son of Robert of Meulan, i. 187, ii. 419;
founds Leicester Abbey, ii. 420.
Robert of Montfort,
repairs and holds Vaux-en-Belin for William Rufus, ii. 289;
his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
his treason to Duke Robert, ii. 427.
Robert, Count of Mortain,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 33, ii. 470;
holds Pevensey against him, i. 53, 62;
exhorted by Odo to hold out, i. 70;
besieged by William Rufus in Pevensey, i. 73, 76;
surrenders, i. 76.
Robert of Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 35;
burns Bath, i. 41;
besieges Ilchester without success, i. 42, 44;
drives back Malcolm, i. 297;
his expedition against him, ii. 16, 592;
grants Tynemouth to Saint Alban’s, ii. 19, 605;
grounds for his conspiracy, ii. 37, 40;
marries Matilda of Laigle, ii. 38;
his second revolt against William Rufus, ii. 38, 43;
plunders Norwegian ships, ii. 40;
refuses redress, ii. 41;
summoned to the king’s court, _ib._;
demands a safe-conduct, ii. 42;
his open rebellion, ii. 42, 43;
defence and sieges of his fortresses, ii. 46;
holds Bamburgh against Rufus, ii. 50, 607;
his alleged despair, ii. 51;
his escape from Bamburgh, ii. 52, 609;
said to have been taken at Tynemouth, ii. 53, 610;
threatened with blinding, ii. 54, 610;
versions of his later history, ii. 54, 611.
Robert of Neville,
one of the defenders of Bridgenorth, ii. 433;
his negotiations with Henry I, ii. 440, 443.
Robert of Pontefract,
plots against Henry I, ii. 395;
his banishment, ii. 417.
Robert, Marquess of Rhuddlan,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
attack made on his lands by Gruffydd, i. 122, 124;
his probable change of party, i. 123;
returns to North Wales, _ib._;
his death at Dwyganwy, i. 126;
buried at Chester, i. 127;
his gifts to Chester, i. 127 (_note_);
his connexion with Saint Evroul, _ib._;
translated thither, i. 128;
Orderic’s epitaph on, _ib._;
his lands in North Wales, ii. 77;
extension of his possessions, ii. 78.
Robert of Saint Alban’s, his apostasy, ii. 123.
Robert of Torigny, his Chronicle, i. 9 (_note_).
Robert of Veci, first lord of Alnwick, ii. 596.
Robert, son of Corbet,
one of the defenders of Bridgenorth, ii. 432;
notices of his estates in Domesday, ii. 433 (_note_);
his negotiations with Henry I, ii. 440, 443.
Robert,
son of Godwine, ii. 117 (_note_), 118;
his exploits in Scotland, ii. 118, 617;
King Eadgar’s gifts to, ii. 121;
attacked and imprisoned by Randolf Flambard, _ib._;
goes on the crusade, ii. 122, 617;
his exploits and martyrdom, _ib._;
modern parallels and contrasts with, ii. 123;
notices of, in Fordun and William of Malmesbury, ii. 616, 617.
Robert, son of Harding, i. 45 (_note_).
Robert, son of Hugh of Montfort, sent to occupy the fortresses of
Le Mans, ii. 239.
Robert, son of Nigel and Gundrada, founder of Byland Abbey, ii. 612.
Robert, son of Geroy, his rebellion and death, i. 214.
Robert, grandson of Geroy,
Saint Cenery granted to, i. 217;
loses the castle, i. 469;
Henry Ætheling comes to his help against Robert of Bellême, _ib._
Robertson, E. W., on Malcolm’s homage to William Rufus, ii. 540.
Roche Guyon, La, castle of, ii. 180, 181.
Rochester,
its early history and position, i. 53, 54;
later sieges of, i. 53;
occupied by Odo, i. 55;
the garrison refuse to surrender to William Rufus, i. 77;
siege of, i. 79-85;
surrenders, i. 85;
benefactions of Rufus to the church, ii. 506.
Rockingham,
Council of (1095), i. 487 et seq.;
position and history of the place, i. 489, 490;
the castle, i. 490;
importance of the council, i. 519;
its constitution, i. 602.
Roger, Count of Sicily,
legatine power granted to, i. 525 (_note_);
marriage of his daughter, i. 526;
besieges Amalfi, i. 561, and Capua, i. 614;
forbids conversions of the Saracens, i. 161, 617;
contrasted with Henry I, ii. 454.
Roger, Duke of Apulia,
welcomes Duke Robert, i. 561;
besieges Amalfi, i. 562;
besieges Capua, i. 614;
receives Urban and Anselm in his camp, i. 615.
Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, possibly one of Henry’s inner council,
ii. 363.
Roger, Abbot of Saint Michael’s Mount, i. 284.
Roger of Beaumont,
father of Robert of Meulan, i. 184;
Brionne granted to, by Duke Robert, i. 194;
obtains the release of his son, i. 243;
his death, i. 472.
Roger Bigod,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
his ravages, i. 36;
his action at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 98;
signs Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
his loyalty to Henry, ii. 399;
his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Roger of Bully,
greatness of his estates, ii. 159, 161;
founds the priory of Blyth, ii. 161;
his death, ii. 162;
his lands granted to Robert of Bellême, _ib._
Roger of Clare, with William Rufus in the New Forest, ii. 321.
Roger of Lacy,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 33;
seizes on Hereford, i. 46;
his second rebellion, ii. 39;
his trial and sentence, ii. 63.
Roger of Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 33, ii. 470;
his action in the rebellion, i. 47, 57;
his alleged presence before Worcester, ii. 481;
at Arundel, i. 58;
founds the priory of Saint Nicolas at Arundel, i. 59 (_note_);
won over by William, i. 61, ii. 462;
his action at the siege of Rochester, i. 80;
makes war on Duke Robert, i. 199;
his fortresses, i. 200;
obtains his son’s release, i. 219;
his advance in Powys, ii. 97;
his death, i. 473;
his buildings at Quatford, ii. 154;
his foundation at Wenlock, _ib._;
his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
Roger of Mowbray, son of Nigel and Gundrada, ii. 612.
Roger of Poitou, son of Earl Roger,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 57;
his agreement with Bishop William, i. 93;
intervenes on his behalf, i. 109, 117, 120;
holds Argentan for William Rufus, i. 463;
surrenders to Robert, i. 464;
plots against Henry I, ii. 395;
his share in the rebellion of Robert of Bellême, ii. 423;
his banishment, ii. 450.
Roger of Toesny, son of Ralph and Isabel,
county of Evreux settled on, i. 268;
his character, _ib._;
his dream, i. 269;
his death, i. 270.
Roger, son of Corbet, notices of, in Domesday, ii. 433 (_note_).
Rohais, wife of Richard of Clare, ii. 572.
Rohesia, daughter of Hugh of Grantmesnil, marries Robert of Courcy,
i. 273 (_note_).
_Romania_, use of the word, i. 564 (_note_).
Rome,
Pope Urban on the unhealthiness of, i. 367 (_note_);
treatment of Duke Robert at, i. 561.
Rope, measurement by, i. 68 (_note_), ii. 562, 564.
Rosella, daughter of Eadwine, ii. 603.
Rotrou of Montfort,
Orderic’s tale of his forsaking Saint Cenery, i. 469 (_note_);
truce granted to, by Rufus, ii. 230;
estimate of his conduct, ii. 231.
Rotrou, Count of Perche,
goes on the first crusade, i. 551;
imprisoned in the castle of Le Mans, ii. 373;
his mother gives the kiss of peace to Bishop Hildebert, ii. 373
(_note_).
Rouen,
municipal spirit in, i. 246;
the citizens favour William Rufus, i. 247;
Henry comes to Robert’s help at, i. 248;
its position in the eleventh century, i. 250;
ducal castles at, _ib._;
cathedral and other churches of, i. 252;
its gates and suburbs, i. 252, 253;
Robert sent away from, i. 255;
taken by Henry, i. 256;
treatment of the citizens, i. 260;
council held by William Rufus at, ii. 226.
Rouen,
synod of, i. 568;
small results of, i. 569.
Rualedus, story of his treatment by Henry, ii. 540.
Ruislip, Middlesex, said to have been a cell of Bec, i. 376 (_note_).
S.
Saer, holds Pembroke Castle, ii. 451.
Saint Alban’s,
Jews at, i. 160 (_note_);
the abbey granted to the see of Canterbury, i. 423;
four years’ vacancy of, i. 424;
grant of Tynemouth to, ii. 18, 605;
Flambard’s dealings with, ii. 359 (_note_).
Saint Augustine’s, Canterbury,
disturbances at, on Guy’s appointment, i. 139;
vengeance of William Rufus on, i. 140.
Saint Cenery, his relics, i. 213 (_note_).
Saint Cenery-le-Gerey,
castle besieged by Duke Robert, i. 211, 215;
the former monastery, i. 212;
foundation of the castle, i. 214;
seized by Mabel, i. 215;
surrenders to Robert, _ib._;
mutilation of its defenders, i. 216;
granted to Robert, grandson of Geroy, i. 217;
taken by Robert of Bellême, i. 469.
Saint David’s,
robbed by pirates, ii. 78;
tale of William Rufus’s visit to, ii. 93.
Saint Eadmundsbury,
Jews at, i. 160 (_note_);
church of, rebuilt by Abbot Baldwin, ii. 268;
William Rufus forbids the dedication, ii. 269.
Saint Evroul,
connexion of Robert of Rhuddlan with, i. 127;
his translation to, i. 128;
burial of Hugh of Grantmesnil at, i. 473.
Saint Gervase, Rouen, priory of, i. 252.
Saint James,
castle of, occupied by Henry, i. 321;
position and remains of, i. 321, 322;
granted to Earl Hugh, i. 323, ii. 540.
Saint Julian, translation of his body, ii. 204.
Saint Mary-le-bow, roof of the church blown down, i. 308, ii. 589.
Saint Michael’s Mount,
bought of Robert by Henry, i. 196;
cession of, demanded by William Rufus, i. 277, ii. 524;
buildings on, i. 284;
Henry besieged at, i. 284-292, ii. 528-535;
its position, i. 285;
later sieges of, i. 286;
surrenders to William, i. 292.
Saint Oswald’s, Worcester, granted to the see of York, i. 447.
Saint Ouen, Rouen, abbey of, i. 252.
Saint Remy-du-plain, castle of, ii. 216, 218.
Saint Saens, its position, i. 235.
Saint Stephen’s, Caen, gifts of Rufus to, i. 168, ii. 504-506.
Saint Tyfrydog, desecration of the church, ii. 131.
Saint Valery,
submits to Rufus, i. 227;
historical importance of the fact, i. 228.
Salisbury, assembly at (1096),
case of William of Saint-Calais heard at, i. 94 et seq.;
constitutional importance of, ii. 56, 57;
compared with that of 1086, ii. 58;
sentences passed at, ii. 62.
Salisbury Cathedral,
consecration of, i. 308;
fall of the tower roof, i. 309;
signatures to the foundation charter, i. 309 (_note_)
Samson, canon of Bayeux,
his appointment and consecration to the see of Worcester,
i. 542-544;
his great appetite, i. 543 (_note_);
consecrates Gloucester Abbey, ii. 317.
Samson, chaplain to the Conqueror, story of his refusing the
bishopric of Le Mans, i. 206.
Samuel, Bishop of Dublin, consecrated by Anselm, i. 544.
Sanctuary, right of, decree of the council of Clermont as to, i. 548
(_note_).
Sanford (Devonshire), held by Roger of Bully, ii. 160 (_note_).
Saônes,
castle of, ii. 216, 218;
Helias defeats Robert of Bellême at, ii. 222.
Saracens in Sicily,
compared with the Jews, i. 161;
Anselm’s dealings with, i. 616;
conversion of, forbidden by Duke Roger, i. 617;
in Spain, mentioned in the Chronicle, ii. 306.
Scandinavians,
in Cumberland, i. 315;
destroy Carlisle, _ib._
Schiavia, Anselm retires to, i. 615.
Scotland, kingdom of,
becomes English, ii. 5;
compared with Wales, ii. 6;
effects of the Cumbrian conquest on, ii. 8;
Margaret’s reforms in, ii. 23;
growth of English influence in, ii. 24-26;
party feeling in, on Malcolm’s death, ii. 28;
dealings of Magnus with, ii. 147;
English influence in, under David, ii. 125;
results of Eadgar’s succession, ii. 304.
Scotland, Abbot of Saint Augustine’s,
his death, i. 136;
disturbances consequent on, i. 139.
Seez, enmity of Robert of Bellême to its bishops and abbots, i. 183.
Seit, and others, letter of Anselm to, ii. 577.
Selby Abbey, granted to the see of York, i. 447.
Serlo,
Bishop of Seez, ii. 521;
excommunicates Robert of Bellême, i. 184.
Serlo, Abbot of Gloucester,
visits Wulfstan, i. 479;
his warning to William Rufus, ii. 318, 329.
Shoes, pointed, i. 158, ii. 502.
Shrewsbury,
burial of Earl Hugh at, ii. 145;
Robert of Bellême holds out in, ii. 445;
castle of, ii. 446;
Henry I marches against, ii. 446, 447;
surrender of, ii. 448, 457;
Gemóts held at, ii. 452;
earldom of, _ib._
Shropshire, defences of,
strengthened by Robert of Bellême, ii. 152;
early history of its fortresses, _ib._
Sibyl of Conversana,
marries Duke Robert of Normandy, ii. 312;
her character, _ib._;
tales of her death, ii. 312 (_note_);
called Edith, ii. 687.
Sibyl, daughter of Henry I, marries Alexander of Scotland, ii. 124.
Sibyl, daughter of Earl Roger, marries Robert Fitz-hamon, ii. 83.
Sicilian monarchy, the, i. 525.
Sicily,
its relations with England, i. 526;
under the Normans, ii. 306.
Siegfried, Bishop of Seez, signs the foundation charter of Lonlay
Abbey, ii. 539.
Signs and wonders, i. 176, ii. 246, 258, 302, 316.
Sigston, church of, granted to the monks of Durham, ii. 535.
Sigurd,
son of Magnus and Thora, ii. 133;
earldom of Orkney granted to, ii. 140;
his kingdom, ii. 146;
his Irish marriage, ii. 136, 146, 443, 622;
goes on the crusade, ii. 206.
Sillé, siege of, compared with the deliverance of Worcester, ii. 480.
Simeon, Abbot of Ely, ii. 359.
Simon, son of Robert Bloet, Dean of Lincoln, i. 448, ii. 586.
Simon of Montfort, the elder and the younger, ii. 190, 253, 254.
Simon of Montfort, Earl of Leicester,
his siege of Rochester, i. 53 (_note_);
his ancestry, ii. 253.
Simon of Senlis, Earl of Northampton,
taken prisoner by Lewis, ii. 190 (_note_);
his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. 358.
Simony, not systematic before Rufus, i. 348.
Siward Barn, signs the Durham charters, i. 305, ii. 536.
Siward the priest, ii. 270 (_note_).
Slave trade, denounced by Remigius, i. 310.
Solêmes, priory of, ii. 202.
Somerset,
ravaged by Robert of Mowbray, i. 41, 42;
bishopric of, removed to Bath, i. 136, ii. 483 et seq.;
use of the name, ii. 488.
Spain, Saracens in, mentioned in the Chronicle, ii. 306.
Sparsholt, manor of,
seized by William Rufus, ii. 380;
recovered by Abbot Faricius, ii. 380 (_note_);
notices of, in Domesday, ii. 381 (_note_).
Stafford, commanded by William Pantulf, ii. 434.
Stars, shooting, notices of, i. 478 (_note_), ii. 41, 118.
Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, appeals to the charter
of Henry I, ii. 358.
Stephen, Abbot of Saint Mary’s, York, signs the Durham charter,
ii. 536.
Stephen, Archdeacon of Romsey, Anselm’s letter to, ii. 578.
Stephen of Aumale,
submits to Rufus, i. 228;
one of his Norman supporters, i. 472;
conspiracy in his favour, ii. 39, 63;
no ground for his claim, ii. 39.
Stephen of Chartres and Blois,
goes on the first crusade, i. 551, 560;
decamps for awhile, i. 566 (_note_).
Stephen, the Jewish convert, story of, i. 163-165.
Stigand, Bishop of Chichester, his death, i. 135.
Stoke, priory of Clare moved to, i. 376.
Stone, manor of, ii. 507.
Stoppele, church of, granted to Twinham, ii. 555.
Stow, monks of, moved by Robert Bloet to Eynesham, ii. 585, 587.
Streatham, lands of Bec at, i. 376.
Stubbs, William, on the alleged Domesday of Flambard, ii. 562.
Sudereys, disturbances in,
on the death of Godred Crouan, ii. 137, 138;
invaded by Magnus, ii. 140.
Sulien, Bishop of Saint David’s, his death, ii. 78.
Summons, effect of the practice of, ii. 58.
Sussex, Earls of, i. 60 (_note_).
Sutton, church at, granted to Abingdon Abbey, ii. 506.
Swansea Castle, ii. 103.
Swegen, son of Æthelric, ii. 551.
Swegen, King, his overthrow at Gainsburgh compared with the
deliverance of Worcester, ii. 480.
Swinecombe, held by Bec, i. 375.
T.
Tancard, Abbot of Jumièges, his appointment, i. 570.
Tenby Castle, ii. 95.
Tewkesbury Abbey,
founded by Robert Fitz-hamon, i. 479, ii. 84;
grant of Welsh churches to, _ib._
Thames, great tide in the, ii. 302.
_Theningmannagemót_, the, i. 604.
Theobald of Gisors. _See_ Pagan.
Theobald, the White Knight, helps to defend Courcy, ii. 519.
Thetford, hospital at,
founded by William Rufus, ii. 506;
the see moved to Norwich, i. 449, ii. 569.
Thierry, Augustin, on the punishment of the monks of Saint
Augustine’s, i. 140 (_note_).
Thomas of London, Archbishop of Canterbury, case of,
at Northampton, i. 95;
general surprise at his appointment, i. 359;
his case compared with those of Anselm and of William of
Saint-Calais, i. 597 et seq.
Thomas of Bayeux, Archbishop of York,
at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 95, 102;
claims jurisdiction over Lindesey, i. 311, 433;
present at Anselm’s consecration, i. 429;
asserts his metropolitan rights, i. 431;
compromise agreed to, i. 447;
at the deathbed of William of Durham, ii. 61;
not present at the coronation of Henry I, ii. 350 (_note_), 681;
his death, ii. 391;
his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536;
his alleged coronation of Henry, ii. 682.
Thomas,
son of Flambard, ii. 552;
his appointment to the see of Lisieux, ii. 416.
Thora, mother of Sigurd, ii. 133.
Thurstan, Abbot of Glastonbury, restored by William Rufus, i. 135.
Tiberius, Emperor, William Rufus compared to, i. 148.
Tiberius, Legate, ii. 488.
Tickhill (Dadesley) Castle, ii. 160;
name used indiscriminately with Blyth, ii. 162;
surrenders to Henry I, ii. 431;
its later history, ii. 432.
Tinchebrai, English feeling about the battle, ii. 402.
Toledo, taking of, ii. 306.
Tooting, lands of Bec at, i. 376.
Tostig, his works at Tynemouth, ii. 18, 604.
Touques,
William Rufus sets sail from, i. 13;
his voyage to, ii. 284;
its present appearance, _ib._
Toustain, manor of Sparsholt granted to, ii. 380.
Tower of London,
surrounded by a wall, i. 261;
first recorded case of its use as a state prison, ii. 361.
Tréport, Robert’s fleet at, ii. 402.
Trondhjem, Saint Olaf’s body translated to, ii. 139.
Truce of God,
confirmed by the synod of Rouen, i. 568;
observed by William Rufus, ii. 290.
Trye, castle of, ii. 188.
Tunbridge Castle,
holds out against William Rufus, i. 53;
its position, i. 68;
not in Domesday, i. 68 (_note_);
granted to Richard of Clare in exchange for Brionne, _ib._;
taken by William Rufus, i. 69.
Turgot, Prior of Durham and Bishop of Saint Andrews,
favourably received by William Rufus, i. 298;
joins in laying the foundation stone of Durham Abbey, ii. 11;
appointed to the see of Saint Andrews, ii. 124;
as to the writings attributed to him, ii. 596.
Turold, Bishop of Bayeux, his appointment, i. 571.
Turold, Abbot of Peterborough, his death, ii. 267.
Twinham,
connexion of Randolf Flambard with, ii. 553;
church of, ii. 554;
Earl Godwine a benefactor of, ii. 555.
Tynemouth,
Malcolm’s burial at, ii. 17;
history of, ii. 17-19, 602 et seq.;
besieged by William Rufus, ii. 47, 606;
description of, ii. 48, 606;
taking of, ii. 48, 607;
alleged escape of Robert of Mowbray to, ii. 53, 609.
U.
Uhtred, brother of Morkere, ii. 605.
Uhtred, son of Edwin, besieges Pembroke, ii. 108.
Uhtred, son of Fergus, ii. 551.
Ulf, son of Harold and Eadgyth, ii. 134, 135.
Urban II., Pope,
advises Anselm against going to Rome, i. 367 (_note_);
English feeling as to his claim to the papacy, i. 415;
Anselm claims to acknowledge him, i. 416;
the question left unsettled, i. 424;
his correspondence with Wulfstan, i. 479;
his acknowledgement insisted on by Anselm, i. 486;
position of the rival Popes, i. 488;
no real objection on William’s part to acknowledge him, i. 489;
holds a Council at Piacenza, i. 522, 545;
mission of William Rufus to him, i. 524;
received at Cremona by Conrad, i. 525;
acknowledged by Rufus, i. 528;
holds the Council of Clermont, i. 545-547;
preaches the crusades, i. 549;
sends Abbot Jeronto on a mission to William Rufus, i. 553,
ii. 588;
bribed by William, i. 554;
sends his nephew, _ib._;
blesses Duke Robert and his companions, i. 561;
his reception and treatment of Anselm, i. 607, 608, 621;
in Roger’s camp at Capua, i. 615;
Eadmer’s way of speaking of him, i. 616 (_note_);
forbids Anselm to resign, i. 617;
holds the Council of Bari, i. 608, 618;
his dealings with William of Warelwast, i. 619, 620;
threatens William Rufus with excommunication, i. 619;
is bribed to give him a respite, i. 620;
his treatment of Anselm, i. 621;
holds the Lateran Council, i. 607, 621;
his death, i. 622, ii. 300, 311;
Anselm’s letters to him, i. 612, ii. 582.
Urse of Abetot, Sheriff of Gloucester and Worcester, at the trial
of William of Saint-Calais, i. 94.
V.
Vacancies, ecclesiastical,
policy of William Rufus with regard to, i. 135, 336, 337, 347,
348, ii. 564;
older practice as to, i. 350;
later instances, i. 351 (_note_);
provision of Henry’s charter with regard to, ii. 353.
Vaux-en-Belin,
castle of, ii. 277 (_note_);
burnt by Helias, ii. 288;
repaired and held by Robert of Montfort, ii. 289.
Vescy, house of, ii. 15.
Vestments, Lanfranc’s view of, i. 95.
Vetheuil, fortress of, ii. 181.
Vexin, the French,
granted to Lewis by Philip, ii. 175;
its cession demanded by William Rufus, _ib._;
national feeling in, ii. 189.
Victor III., Pope, i. 415.
Vignats,
siege of, ii. 426;
foundation of the abbey, ii. 427.
Vulgrin, Bishop of Le Mans, his buildings, ii. 634.
W.
Wace, his use of the words “Normans and English,” ii. 649.
Walchelm, priest, his vision, ii. 521.
Waleran, Count of Meulan, i. 186, ii. 419.
Wales,
civil wars in, i. 121;
alleged campaign of William Rufus in (1094-1095), i. 476;
type of conquest in, ii. 6;
disunion in, ii. 6, 99;
nature of Rufus’s wars in, ii. 69 et seq.;
effect of castle-building in, ii. 70, 76, 77, 108;
campaigns of Harold compared with those of Rufus, ii. 71;
its conquest compared with the English and Norman Conquests,
ii. 72;
various elements in, ii. 74;
local nomenclature of, ii. 75;
earlier wars in, ii. 77-79;
beginning of the conquest, ii. 79;
revolt in, ii. 99, 100;
general deliverance of, ii. 101;
first campaign of William Rufus in, ii. 105;
English feeling as to the war, ii. 106;
his second and third campaigns, i. 572, 583, ii. 110, 111.
Wales, North, subdued by Hugh of Chester, ii. 146.
Wales, South, Saxon settlements in, ii. 88.
Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester,
sent with a summons to William of Saint-Calais, i. 117;
sent to punish the monks of Saint Augustine’s, i. 139;
assists Osmund to consecrate Salisbury cathedral, i. 309;
at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
his speech to Anselm at the Winchester assembly, i. 586;
at the death-bed of William of Saint-Calais, ii. 61;
his character and acts, ii. 266;
joint regent with Flambard, _ib._;
William Rufus demands money of, ii. 267;
his death, i. 351, ii. 265, 267;
legend of his share in the burial of Rufus, ii. 338.
Wall, Roman, traces of the name, ii. 47.
Walker (Wallcar), ii. 47 (_note_).
Wallknoll, ii. 47, 613.
Wallsend, i. 47.
Walter of Corbeuil, Archbishop of Canterbury, his works at Rochester,
i. 53, 54 (_note_).
Walter, Bishop of Albano,
received by William Rufus as Papal Legate, i. 527, ii. 391;
brings the pallium, i. 527;
refuses to depose Anselm, i. 528;
gives the pallium to Anselm, i. 534;
stays in England, i. 535;
objects of his mission, i. 536;
his letters to Anselm, i. 536, 538, ii. 41, 571;
accompanies William Rufus to Nottingham, ii. 44.
Walter of Eyncourt, i. 113.
Walter Giffard, Earl of Buckingham,
submits to Rufus, i. 231;
supports Rufus against Robert, i. 472;
signs Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
plots against him, ii. 395;
his death, i. 473.
Walter Tirel,
entertains Anselm, i. 380 (_note_), ii. 322;
his friendship with William Rufus, ii. 321, 322;
his parentage, ii. 322, 672;
his lordships and marriage, ii. 321, 322, 673;
his alleged share in the making of the New Forest, ii. 322, 674;
his discourse with the King, ii. 322-325, 661;
mentioned in most versions as his slayer, ii. 325;
his solemn denial of the charge, ii. 326, 674;
no ground for the charge, ii. 657;
whether the Walter Tirel of Domesday, ii. 673;
legend about the shoeing of his horse, ii. 676.
Walter of Saint Valery, i. 228 (_note_);
goes on the first crusade, i. 551.
Walter, son of Ansgar,
in command at Le Mans, ii. 241, 370;
sets fire to Le Mans, ii. 280;
confers with Helias, ii. 371.
Waltham, church of, plundered by Rufus, i. 168, ii. 505, 506.
Waltheof, Earl of Northampton and Huntingdonshire, grants Tynemouth
to Jarrow, ii. 18, 604.
War, private, unlawful in England, ii. 417.
Wardship, the lord’s right of,
established by Flambard, i. 336, 339;
oppressive working of, i. 338;
peculiar to England and Normandy, i. 340;
provision for, in Henry’s charter, ii. 353.
Weedon Beck, Northamptonshire, said to have been a cell of Bec,
i. 376 (_note_).
Wells (Norfolk), grant of, to Saint Stephen’s, Caen, ii. 504.
Wells (Somerset), see of,
moved to Bath, i. 136, ii. 483;
dislike of the canons to Bishop John’s changes, i. 138, ii. 486;
they recover their property under Bishop Robert, ii. 486;
charter of William Rufus preserved at, ii. 483.
Welsh language, endurance of, ii. 75.
Wenlock, Earl Roger’s foundation at, ii. 154.
Westminster Hall,
its foundation by William Rufus, ii. 259, 262;
he holds his Whitsun feast there, ii. 257, 264, 271;
recast by Richard II., ii. 262.
Westmoreland,
why not entered in Domesday, i. 313, ii. 547 et seq.;
entries of, in the Pipe Rolls, ii. 551.
Whithern, see of, ii. 551.
Wido. _See_ Guy.
Wilfrith, Bishop of Saint David’s,
suspended and restored, i. 534;
sides with William Rufus, ii. 94;
Gerald of Windsor’s dealings with, ii. 109.
William the Conqueror,
his informal nomination of William Rufus, i. 9, 11;
his advice to him, ii. 461;
distribution of his treasures, i. 17, 18;
compared with Rufus by Odo, i. 26;
his ecclesiastical supremacy, i. 105;
compared with Rufus, i. 158, 456;
foretells the character of Robert’s reign, i. 189;
garrisons the castles of the nobles, i. 192;
his ecclesiastical position, i. 328;
his relations with Lanfranc, _ib._;
his friendship with Anselm, i. 380;
use of his “days” as a note of time, i. 569;
his visit to Saint David’s and his designs on Ireland, ii. 94.
William Rufus,
character of his reign, i. 3;
feudal developement under him, i. 4;
character of his accession, i. 9-11, 19-21, ii. 459-465;
his informal nomination by his father, i. 9, 11, ii. 461;
not formally elected, i. 9, ii. 459;
sets sail from Touques, i. 13;
re-imprisons Morkere and Wulfnoth, i. 14;
his meeting with Lanfranc, i. 15;
his coronation, _ib._;
his special oath, i. 16, ii. 460;
his coronation rites said to have been imperfect, ii. 461;
his distribution of gifts, i. 17;
restores Odo to his earldom, i. 19;
revolt of the Norman nobles against, i. 22 et seq., ii. 465
et seq.;
compared with his father by Odo, i. 26;
seizes the temporalities of William of Saint-Calais, i. 30;
summons him to his court, i. 31;
lays waste his land, i. 32;
wins over Earl Roger, i. 61, ii. 462;
loyalty of the bishops towards him, i. 63;
his appeal and promises to the English, i. 63, 64;
their loyalty to him, i. 64, 65, 66;
their motives for supporting him, i. 65;
accepted as their king, i. 66, 131;
marches against the rebels, i. 67;
takes Tunbridge Castle, i. 69;
marches on Pevensey, i. 72, and takes it, i. 76;
his _Niðing_ Proclamation, i. 78;
besieges Rochester, i. 79;
Odo surrenders to him, i. 80;
at first refuses terms to the besieged, i. 81;
his answer to the pleadings for them, i. 83;
grants terms, i. 85;
his confiscations and grants, i. 88;
his amnesty to the chief rebels, _ib._;
again summons William of Saint-Calais, i. 89;
grants him a safe-conduct, i. 91;
refuses him the privileges of his order, i. 92;
holds a meeting at Salisbury, i. 94;
his speeches thereat, i. 98, 107, 110;
his offers to Bishop William, i. 111, 114;
his answer to Ralph Paganel, i. 112;
Durham castle surrendered to, i. 114;
summons Bishop William again, i. 116;
grants him leave to depart, i. 117;
estimate of his behaviour in the case, i. 119, 605;
his breach of his promises, i. 132;
position of the English under, i. 133;
mocks at omens, i. 133 (_note_);
his employment of mercenaries, i. 134, 153, 226, ii. 496, 498;
early charge of simony against, i. 135;
his charter to John of Tours, i. 138;
suppresses the disturbances at Saint Augustine’s, i. 139;
effects of Lanfranc’s death on him, i. 142, 148, 343;
description and character of, i. 5, 143 et seq., ii. 244, 256,
337, 490 et seq.;
his surname of _Rufus_, i. 144;
his filial zeal, i. 145;
general charges against him, i. 147;
his lack of steadfastness, i. 149;
his unfinished campaigns, _ib._;
his “magnanimity,” i. 149, ii. 497;
trick played on, by his chamberlain, i. 150;
his “liberality,” i. 151, ii. 492;
his extortions, i. 153, ii. 498;
his strict government, i. 153, ii. 496;
his stricter forest laws, i. 155;
dress and manners at his court, i. 158, ii. 500-502;
his special vices, i. 157, 159, ii. 497, 502;
contrasted with his father, i. 158, 456;
his irreligion, i. 159;
favours the Jews, i. 161;
question as to his scepticism, _ib._;
makes the Jewish converts apostatize, i. 162, 614, ii. 504;
his dispute with Stephen the convert, i. 163-165, ii. 504;
his blasphemies, i. 165-167, ii. 503;
his favourite oath, i. 108, 112, 164, 289, 391, 511 (_note_),
ii. 61 (_note_), 503, 650;
redeeming features in his character, i. 168;
his respect for his father’s memory, i. 168, ii. 505;
his ecclesiastical benefactions, _ib._;
his chivalry, i. 169-171;
law of honour as practised by, i. 85, 92, 169, 408, ii. 14, 237,
244;
his schemes against Duke Robert, i. 221;
obtains the consent of the Witan to an invasion of Normandy,
i. 222-224;
his constitutional language, i. 223;
his policy against Normandy, i. 224;
his position compared with that of Robert, i. 226;
his employment of money, i. 226, 227;
joined by the Norman nobles, i. 228 et seq.;
bribes Philip of France, i. 237, 239;
his position compared with that of his father, i. 240;
result of his dealings with Philip, i. 241;
his treaty with Conan of Rouen, i. 247;
crosses to Normandy, i. 273;
his treaty with Robert, i. 275-279, ii. 522-528;
his probable object in the spoliation of Henry, i. 279;
his policy towards Henry and Eadgar, i. 281;
joins Robert against Henry, i. 283;
besieges Saint Michael’s Mount, i. 285-292, ii. 528-535;
personal anecdotes of, i. 287-292, ii. 497, 532;
compared to Alexander the Great, i. 287;
contrasted with Robert, i. 290;
returns to England, i. 293, 295;
sets forth against Malcolm, i. 298;
his favourable treatment of the monks of Durham, i. 298, ii. 508;
Bishop William reconciled to, i. 299;
meets Malcolm at the _Scots’ Water_, i. 301;
his treaty with Malcolm, i. 304;
receives the homage of Malcolm, i. 304, ii. 541;
signs the Durham charter, i. 305, ii. 536;
his fresh dispute with Robert, i. 306;
orders the consecration of Lincoln minster, i. 312;
his conquest and colonization of Carlisle, i. 313-318;
character of the early years of his reign, i. 325;
his relations with Anselm, i. 328;
his policy in keeping the see of Canterbury vacant, i. 328,
359, 360;
influence of Randolf Flambard on him, i. 329, 332 et seq.;
his dealings with vacant bishoprics and abbeys, i. 336, 347,
350, ii. 565;
his dealings with church lands, i. 345 et seq.;
charges of simony brought against, i. 348;
story of his appointment to a vacant abbey, i. 352;
his first interview with Anselm, i. 385;
rebuked by him, i. 386;
refuses him leave to return to Normandy, i. 388;
petitioned by the Witan to appoint an archbishop, i. 389;
his mocking speech about Anselm, i. 390;
his sickness, i. 391;
repents and sends for Anselm, i. 392, 393;
his proclamation of reforms, i. 393;
names Anselm archbishop, i. 396;
prays him to accept the see, i. 398;
invests him by force, i. 400;
orders the restitution of the temporalities, i. 403;
his recovery and relapse, i. 407;
keeps his engagement to Anselm, i. 408;
his interview with Robert of Flanders, i. 411;
with Anselm at Rochester, i. 412 et seq.;
his answer to Anselm’s conditions, i. 417;
asks Anselm to confirm his grants of church lands, i. 418;
renews his promises and receives Anselm’s homage as archbishop,
i. 422;
his writ, _ib._;
receives Anselm at Gloucester, i. 434;
challenged by Robert, i. 435;
his dealings with the contributions offered for the war, i. 437;
refuses Anselm’s gift, i. 438;
gathers his forces at Hastings, i. 441;
present at the consecration of Battle Abbey, i. 443, 444;
upholds Anselm against Robert Bloet, i. 446;
deprives Herbert Bishop of Thetford, i. 448, ii. 569;
his interview with Anselm at Hastings, i. 450 et seq.;
no synod held under him, i. 452;
his answer to Anselm’s prayer to fill the vacant abbeys, i. 455;
attempts to get more money out of Anselm, i. 458-460;
sets sail for Normandy, i. 460;
vain attempts to settle the dispute between him and Robert,
i. 461;
castles held by him, i. 462;
his levy of English soldiers, i. 465;
trick played on them, i. 466;
buys off Philip, _ib._;
summons Henry and Earl Hugh to Eu, i. 469;
returns to England and is reconciled to Henry, i. 470;
his Norman supporters, i. 471-474;
causes for his return, i. 474;
his alleged Welsh campaign in 1094-1095, i. 476;
refuses Anselm leave to go for the pallium, i. 483, 484;
will acknowledge no Pope, i. 484;
frequency of assemblies under him, i. 487;
summons an assembly at Rockingham, i. 487-519;
estimate of his conduct in this dispute, i. 488;
his Imperial claims, i. 503;
bids the bishops renounce Anselm, i. 512;
withdraws his protection from him, _ib._;
his appeal to the lay lords, i. 513;
his examination and treatment of the bishops, i. 515, 516;
summons Anselm before him, i. 517;
adjourns the assembly, i. 518;
oppresses Anselm’s friends, i. 520;
his fresh schemes against him, i. 523;
his mission to Urban, i. 524-526;
Walter of Albano’s mission to, i. 527;
acknowledges Urban, i. 528;
forced to be reconciled to Anselm, i. 529, 531;
Anselm refuses the pallium at his hands, i. 532;
his position as regards the crusade, i. 553;
Abbot Jeronto’s mission to him, _ib._;
Normandy pledged to him, by Robert, i. 555;
his taxation for the pledge-money, i. 556-559, ii. 506;
his conference with Robert, i. 559, ii. 207;
takes possession of Normandy, i. 566, ii. 207;
his grants to Henry, i. 567;
his rule in Normandy, i. 567-570;
his appointments to Norman prelacies, i. 570;
returns to England, i. 571;
his expeditions against Wales, i. 572, 583, ii. 69 et seq.;
complains of Anselm’s contingent, i. 572;
summons him to his court, i. 574;
refuses him leave to go to Rome, i. 582, 583, 584;
holds an assembly at Winchester, i. 584 et seq.;
his conditional leave to Anselm, i. 592;
his last interview with Anselm, i. 593;
blessed by him, i. 594;
seizes on the estates of his see, i. 595;
estimate of his behaviour towards William of Saint-Calais and
towards Anselm, i. 605;
Anselm pleads against his excommunication, i. 611, 618;
probable effect of an excommunication, i. 611, 612;
Anselm’s and Urban’s letters to, i. 613;
his mission to Urban, i. 613, 619;
threatened with excommunication, i. 619;
bribes Urban, i. 620;
his words on Urban’s death and Paschal’s election, i. 623,
ii. 311;
growth of the English power and nation under, ii. 4;
effects of his reign on the union of Britain, ii. 6;
complaints made against, by Malcolm, ii. 8;
sends Eadgar to invite him to Gloucester, ii. 9, 590;
refuses to see him, ii. 13, 590;
dispute between them, _ib._;
his probable pretensions, _ib._;
observes his safe-conduct, ii. 14, 591;
story of him and Eadgyth-Matilda, ii. 31, 600;
grants the Scottish crown to Duncan, ii. 34;
revolt of Robert of Mowbray against him, ii. 37 et seq.;
orders Robert to make good his plunder of the merchants, ii. 41;
summons him to his court, _ib._;
refuses him a safe-conduct, i. 42;
marches against him, i. 537, ii. 43;
takes Newcastle, ii. 47,
and Tynemouth, ii. 48, 606;
besieges Bamburgh, ii. 50, 607;
makes the _Malvoisin_ tower, ii. 51, 608;
leaves Bamburgh, ii. 52, 609;
holds an assembly at Salisbury, ii. 56;
refuses to spare William of Alderi, ii. 67;
nature of his Welsh wars, ii. 69 et seq.;
builds castles in Wales, ii. 70, 112;
his campaign compared with that of Harold, ii. 71, 105;
his alleged designs on Ireland, ii. 93;
his first Welsh campaign, ii. 105;
his second and third campaigns, i. 572, 583, ii. 110, 111;
his relations with Eadgar Ætheling, ii. 114;
doubtful policy of his grant to Robert of Bellême, ii. 148, 162;
character of his last years, ii. 163;
his designs on France, ii. 167;
demands the cession of the Vexin, ii. 175;
crosses to Normandy, ii. 167, 176;
excesses of his followers in England, ii. 176;
chief men on his side, ii. 178;
his treatment of his prisoners, ii. 179, 190;
his prospects, ii. 184;
failure of his plans, ii. 185;
befriends Bishop Howel of Le Mans, ii. 201;
his interview with Helias, ii. 208-210;
delays his attack on him, ii. 210;
his anger at the election of Hildebert, ii. 213, 625;
his designs on Maine, ii. 613;
stirred up to war by Robert of Bellême, ii. 215;
contrasted with him, ii. 224;
his treatment of Helias, ii. 225;
his speech at the council of Rouen, ii. 226;
levies an army, ii. 227;
invades Maine, ii. 229;
grants a truce to Ralph of Fresnay, ii. 230;
his march onwards, ii. 232;
arrives at Le Mans, ii. 233;
ravages Coulaine, ii. 234, 625, 627;
raises the siege of Le Mans, ii. 234;
his treatment of the knight at Ballon, ii. 237;
Le Mans submits to, ii. 239;
his entry, ii. 240;
receives the general submission of Maine, _ib._;
his interview with Helias, ii. 242-245, 640-645;
his seeming quotation from Lucan, ii. 642;
sets Helias free, ii. 244, 628, 642, 643;
extent of his conquests in Maine, ii. 245;
invades the Vexin, ii. 246;
besieges Chaumont, ii. 248;
agrees to a truce, ii. 255;
ill-success of his French war, _ib._;
his gemóts in 1099, ii. 257;
his architectural works a national grievance, ii. 257-260;
legal position of his reign, ii. 263;
his object in building Westminster Hall, _ib._;
holds his Whitsun feast there, ii. 257, 264;
demands money of Bishop Walkelin, ii. 267;
forbids the dedication of Saint Eadmund’s, ii. 269;
hears of the recovery of Le Mans by Helias, ii. 283, 645;
his ride to the coast, ii. 283;
his voyage to Touques, ii. 284, 645-652;
his speech to the sailors compared with that of Julius Cæsar,
ii. 497, 647;
his ride to Bonneville, ii. 285, 646;
marches against Le Mans, ii. 287;
passes through it and harries southern Maine, ii. 288;
besieges Mayet, ii. 289-294, 653;
observes the Truce of God, ii. 290;
his narrow escape at Mayet, ii. 293;
raises the siege, ii. 294, 653;
failure of the campaign, _ib._;
his treatment of Le Mans, ii. 295;
leaves garrisons and returns to England, ii. 296;
Hildebert reconciled to, ii. 297, 626;
bids Hildebert pull down the towers of Saint Julian’s, ii. 297,
654;
compared with Æthelred, ii. 307;
his schemes of conquest, ii. 307, 311;
contradiction in his character, ii. 308;
his chivalrous feelings, ii. 237;
illustrations of his character, ii. 244, 256;
his dealings with William of Aquitaine, ii. 313;
prepares to occupy Aquitaine, ii. 314;
his alleged designs on the Empire, i. 7, ii. 314;
Abbot Serlo’s warning to, ii. 318, 329;
his alleged dream, ii. 319-321;
his discourse with Walter Tirel, ii. 322-325;
his death, ii. 325;
whether accidental, ii. 325, 657;
various versions thereof, ii. 327, 657-676;
its immediate impression and abiding memory, ii. 335, 336, 663;
his death looked on as a judgement, ii. 665;
contrasted with that of Charles I, ii. 337;
his end and character, _ib._;
his alleged penitence, ii. 331, 332, 337;
accounts of his burial, ii. 338-340, 676-680;
his popular excommunication, ii. 340;
portents at his death, ii. 341;
advantage given to the Popes by his reign, ii. 377;
effect of his reign on the fusion of races, ii. 456.
William III., his fearlessness in danger compared with that of
William Rufus, ii. 652.
William Ætheling, son of Henry I and Matilda, ii. 389.
William Clito, son of Robert and Sibyl, ii. 312 (_note_).
William, natural son of Robert, ii. 316.
William _Bona Anima_, Archbishop of Rouen,
consecrates Bishop Howel, i. 208;
consents to Anselm’s acceptance of the primacy, i. 406;
said to have married Philip and Bertrada, ii. 172 (_note_).
William of Saint-Calais, Bishop of Durham,
his influence with William Rufus, i. 23;
his treason against him, i. 28, 30;
different statements of his conduct, i. 28, ii. 469-474;
his alleged services to William, i. 29, 111, ii. 473;
his temporalities seized, i. 30, ii. 470;
his letter to the King, i. 30;
summoned before him, i. 31;
treatment of, by Ralph Paganel, _ib._;
evidence against him, i. 35, ii. 470;
again summoned by William, i. 89;
complains of Ralph Paganel, i. 90;
comes with a safe-conduct, i. 91;
asserts his ecclesiastical claims, _ib._;
goes back to Durham, i. 92;
further ravaging of his lands, _ib._;
his agreement with the Counts Alan and Odo, i. 93;
his conduct at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 95;
denies the authority of the court, i. 96, 97;
formal charge against him, i. 98, ii. 473;
his answer, i. 99;
debates on the charge, i. 101-103;
appeals to Rome, i. 103, 109;
sentence pronounced against him, i. 106;
renews his appeal, _ib._;
William demands the surrender of Durham castle, i. 107;
appeals to Alan and Odo, i. 108;
final sentence against, i. 110;
asks for an allowance, _ib._;
surety for the ships demanded of him, i. 111;
new charges against, i. 113, 116;
Lanfranc interferes on his behalf, i. 113;
conditions and difficulties about his sailing, i. 114-116;
surrender of Durham castle, i. 114, ii. 472;
Odo and Alan interfere on his behalf, i. 117;
allowed to depart to Normandy, _ib._;
importance of the story, i. 117-120;
scarcely noticed by modern historians, ii. 474;
restored to his bishopric, i. 299;
his renewed influence with William, i. 300;
his grant to the church of Durham, i. 305, ii. 535;
advises Rufus as to Anselm’s conditions, i. 417;
at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
assists in the consecration of Robert Bloet, i. 445;
plots against Anselm, i. 497, 500;
aspires to the primacy, i. 501;
his promises to William and speech to Anselm, i. 502;
recommends force, i. 510;
his case compared with those of Anselm and Thomas, i. 597 et seq.;
his rebuilding of his church, ii. 11, 60;
invites Malcolm to the foundation ceremony, _ib._;
probably concerned in Robert of Mowbray’s rebellion, ii. 38;
portents foretelling his death, ii. 59;
summoned to take his trial, ii. 60;
his death, i. 478 (_note_), 542, ii. 61;
debate as to his burying-place, ii. 61;
substitutes monks for canons, ii. 60.
William of Warelwast, Bishop of Exeter,
his first mission to Urban, i. 524, 525;
returns with the Legate Walter, i. 526;
searches Anselm’s luggage at Dover, i. 595;
his second mission to Urban, i. 613, 619;
his secret dealings with him, i. 620;
signs Henry’s letter to Anselm, ii. 366.
William of Passavant, Bishop of Le Mans, his buildings, ii. 636,
640, 656.
William, Bishop of Thetford, his death, i. 354.
William Giffard, Bishop of Winchester,
his appointment to the see, ii. 349;
later notices of, ii. 349, 578;
his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
probably one of Henry’s inner council, ii. 362;
signs Henry’s letter to Anselm, ii. 366.
William, Archdeacon of Canterbury, sent to inquire into the matter
of Eadgyth-Matilda, ii. 384.
William of Alderi, his sentence and death, ii. 66-68.
William of Albini, defends Rochester, i. 53 (_note_).
William, Duke of Aquitaine,
helps William Rufus against Lewis, ii. 250, 251;
seat of war affected by his coming, ii. 250, 252;
his crusade, ii. 313;
proposes to pledge his duchy to Rufus, _ib._
William of Arques, monk of Molesme, i. 220 (_note_), 256.
William of Bellême, founds Lonlay Abbey, ii. 539.
William of Breteuil,
son of Earl William Fitz-Osbern, drives out the ducal forces,
i. 193;
Ivry granted to, by Duke Robert, i. 194;
joins Robert’s expedition into Maine, i. 209;
his war with Ascelin Goel, i. 243;
comes to Robert’s help at Rouen, i. 249;
imprisons William son of Ansgar, i. 261;
marches against Conches, i. 261, 266;
his imprisonment and ransom, i. 267;
settles his estates on Roger of Toesny, i. 268;
his natural children, i. 268 (_note_);
maintains Robert’s claim to the throne, ii. 346, 680.
William _Capra_, ii. 508.
William, son of Robert Count of Eu,
rebels against William Rufus, i. 33;
his ravages in Gloucestershire, i. 41, 44;
submits to William, i. 229;
suggests an invasion of Normandy, i. 411;
supports William Rufus, i. 472;
conspires against him, ii. 39, 44;
his combat with Geoffrey of Baynard and defeat, ii. 63;
sentenced to mutilation, ii. 64, 65, 68;
his faithlessness to his wife, ii. 64.
William, Count of Evreux,
drives out the ducal forces, i. 193;
his feud with Ralph of Toesny, i. 231, 233, 245;
comes to Robert’s help at Rouen, i. 249;
marches against Conches, i. 261, 266;
makes Roger of Toesny his heir, i. 268;
his later treaty with Ralph of Toesny, i. 270;
wars against Robert of Meulan, _ib._;
his bargain about Bertrada’s marriage, ii. 193;
charged with the government of Le Mans, ii. 241;
granted to Henry by Robert, ii. 514;
his banishment and death, i. 270.
William Fitz-Osbern, story of him and Eudo of Rye, ii. 463.
William of London or _Londres_, his settlement at Kidwelly,
ii. 86, 102.
William of Malmesbury, his _Gesta Regum_ and _Gesta Pontificum_,
ii. 492.
William of Mandeville, ii. 397.
William of Moion, his grant of Dunster church, ii. 489.
William of Montfichet, legend of his share in the burial of Rufus,
ii. 338, 676.
William of Montfort, recommended by Anselm as his successor at Bec,
ii. 575.
William, Count of Mortain,
founds Montacute priory, ii. 120;
his vision of William Rufus, ii. 342;
doubts as to his loyalty to Henry I, ii. 404;
his banishment, ii. 453;
his imprisonment and alleged blinding, _ib._
William Pantulf,
Robert of Bellême’s dealings with, ii. 434;
joins Henry, _ib._;
commands at Stafford, _ib._;
notices of, in Domesday, ii. 434 (_note_);
negotiates with Jorwerth, ii. 439;
mediates at Bridgenorth, ii. 441.
William Peverel,
holds La Houlme for William Rufus, i. 463;
surrenders to Robert, i. 465;
signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
William of Pont de l’Arche, ii. 464.
William Talvas, his capture of Geoffrey of Mayenne, i. 214.
William Tisonne, ii. 596.
William of Wacey, taken prisoner by Helias, ii. 222.
William of Warren, Earl of Surrey,
his loyalty to William Rufus, i. 59;
receives the earldom of Surrey, i. 60, 62 (_note_);
his death and burial at Lewes, i. 62 (_note_), 76.
William of Warren the younger, Earl of Surrey,
helps to defend Courcy, ii. 519;
deserts from Henry I, ii. 409;
his enmity towards him, _ib._;
his banishment, ii. 416,
and restoration, ii. 417.
William, son of Ansgar, i. 247;
his imprisonment and ransom, i. 261.
William, son of Anskill,
his estates seized by William Rufus, ii. 380;
his marriage, ii. 381 (_note_).
William, son of Baldwin,
builds Rhyd-y-gors castle, ii. 97;
defends it, ii. 101;
his death, ii. 106.
William, son of Geroy, rescues Geoffrey of Mayenne from William
Talvas, i. 214.
William, grandson of Geroy, poisoned, i. 469 (_note_).
William, son of Holdegar, ii. 551.
Williams, John, on Jestin ap Gwrgan, ii. 614.
Wills. _See_ Bequest.
Winchcombe, fall of the tower, i. 307.
Winchester,
wealth of the treasury at, i. 17;
Jews at, i. 160 (_note_);
special gemót at (1093), i. 422;
its position under the Norman kings, ii. 261;
burial of Rufus at, ii. 340;
fall of the minster tower, ii. 341;
Duke Robert declines to besiege it, ii. 406.
Witenagemót,
held three times a year, i. 222 (_note_);
gradually becomes less popular, i. 602;
lessened freedom of speech in, i. 603;
inner and outer council of, _ib._
Witsand, William Rufus said to have set sail from, i. 13 (_note_).
_Wlurintun_, grant of the manor, ii. 507.
Worcester,
rebel nobles march against, i. 47;
its position, i. 48;
its deliverance by Wulfstan, i. 48-51, ii. 475-481.
Worm’s Head, name of, ii. 615.
Wulf, son of Harold, set free by Robert, i. 14.
Wulfgar the huntsman,
one of the defenders of Bridgenorth, ii. 433;
his negotiations with Henry I, ii. 440, 443.
Wulfgeat the huntsman, ii. 433 (_note_).
Wulfnoth, son of Godwine,
reimprisoned by William Rufus, i. 13, 14;
signs a charter of William of Saint-Calais, i. 14 (_note_);
signs the foundation charter of Salisbury Cathedral, i. 309
(_note_).
Wulfric the huntsman, ii. 433 (_note_).
Wulfstan, Saint, Bishop of Worcester,
attends the Christmas assembly at Westminster, i. 18, 19 (_note_);
defends Worcester against the rebels, i. 48-51, ii. 475-481;
excommunicates them, i. 51;
legendary growth of the story, ii. 477;
decides between Anselm and Bishop Maurice, i. 440;
his sickness, i. 478;
his dinner with “good men,” _ib._;
his correspondence, i. 479;
confesses to Robert of Hereford, _ib._;
his death, i. 477, 480;
entry as to his death, i. 478 (_note_);
appears to Bishop Robert of Hereford, i. 480, 533 (_note_);
his burial, i. 480;
honour paid to him by King John, i. 481;
his action against the fashion of wearing long hair, ii. 501.
Y.
Yeovil, i. 43 (_note_).
Yeovilton, i. 43 (_note_).
York, Priory of Holy Trinity at,
founded by Ralph Paganel, i. 31;
massacre of Jews at, i. 160 (_note_);
Saint Peter’s Hospital at, gifts of Rufus to, i. 168, ii. 506;
its deliverance in 1069 compared with that of Le Mans, ii. 279.
END OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
Transcriber’s Note:
Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of
the book.
Obvious printing errors, such as backwards, upside down, or partially
printed letters and punctuation, were corrected. Final stops missing
at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added. Duplicate
letters at line endings or page breaks were removed. Letters with
diacriticals not available in UTF-8 are displayed within brackets,
like this: [~c]. Elipses were standardized. Descriptive text contained
within maps was added as a caption to illustrations.
Duplicate sidenotes, repeated over page breaks, were removed.
Transliteration of words in Greek are presented within brackets
following the Greek. Use of punctuation in the index was made
consistent.
Obsolete words, spelling variations, inconsistent hyphenation, and
misspelled words were not changed.