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LINES IN PLEASANT PLACES
Being the Aftermath of an Old Angler
by
WILLIAM SENIOR
("Red Spinner")
[Frontispiece: "Red Spinner"]
Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. Ltd.,
4 Stationers' Hall Court
London, E.C. 4
Copyright
First published 1920
INTRODUCTION
The half a dozen or so of Angling books which stand to my name were
headed by _Waterside Sketches_, and this is really and truly a
continuation, if not the end, of the series. They were inspired by my
old friend Richard Gowing, at the Whitefriars Club, of which he was for
many years the well-remembered honorary secretary, and of which I still
have the grateful pride of being entitled to the name of father.
Gowing had become editor of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ in 1874, and in
his sturdy efforts to give it new life he looked round amongst the
youngsters who seemed likely to serve him. The result was that he
invited me to try my hand at something. He had read my _Notable
Shipwrecks_, which the house of Cassells was at that time bringing out,
and said that its author, known to the public as "Uncle Hardy" only,
ought to be able to offer a suggestion.
The Stoke Newington reservoirs had about that time given me some good
sport with pike, large perch, chub, and tench, and I had long been an
angling enthusiast. Out of the fullness of my heart I spoke. I told
him that fishing was my best subject; that if he would accept a series
of contributions the direct object of which was to make Angling
articles as interesting to non-anglers as to anglers themselves, I
would be his man.
Verily I would not wonder if, in showing how botany, agriculture,
out-of-door life generally might be woven into the warp and woof of the
fabric, I became eloquent; for, as I have said, out of the heart the
mouth spoke. So it was agreed, and for a while "Red Spinner's"
articles graced the pages of the magazine, and they were by and by
republished in _Waterside Sketches_. They afterwards gave me entrance
to _Bell's Life_ and to the _Field_, and a name at any rate amongst the
brethren of the Angle, as to which I must not gush, but which is very
dear to the musings of an old man's eventide. How much I owe to "Red
Spinner" I shall never know. The name has followed me, and my brothers
of the Highbury Anglers have adopted it, but last year, in honour of
their always loyal, but I feel sure no longer useful President. I was
much amused to find how it had also followed me to Queensland. During
one of the Parliamentary recesses I went up country, the guest of a
squatter who was afterwards in the Ministry, and he introduced me to a
fellow squatter member in my surname as an officer of Parliament.
Neither the name nor office meant anything to him. But when we were
smoking in the veranda, and my friend mentioned, as an aside, that I
was "Red Spinner," the visitor leaped to his feet, came at me with a
double grip, and shouted a Scotch salmon-fisher's welcome, turning to
my host and furiously demanding, "Why the dickens didn't you tell me so
at first?"
On another Bush visit an officer in the Mounted Police showed me
amongst his curiosities a copy of _Waterside Sketches_ half devoured by
dingoes, and found with the scraps scattered around the skeleton of a
poor wayfarer left at the foot of a gum-tree. To fly-fishers the name
had an intelligible story of course, and it puzzled those non-anglers
for whom I tried always to write. The scores of times I was asked
"What does 'Red Spinner' mean?" by ladies as well as gentlemen, told me
how well I had kept the promise to the good Richard Gowing when those
articles were arranged.
Journalism proper, now and henceforth for the rest of my life claimed
me. It became my profession in fact; but it was always fishing that
kept the longing eye turned towards the waterside. Somehow for a time
the water was all round me, but I had not the means of learning the art
at that time, nor of practising it. Somehow I was always being
reminded that the fishing rod was to obtain the mastery by and by, but
I had to wait a long while for the opportunity. At first I was in what
may be called a good fishing country, but I seemed to have no say in
it. I had no rod; no fisheries were open. Indeed, it was journalism
that gripped me, and in those early days I followed the mastership of
it very closely, for there was so much to learn, as I shall be able, I
hope, to explain when any reminiscences that I am able to write call
for it. That longing must meanwhile be kept open for some years to
come.
Now, however, came the time when, as I have always considered, my real
life began. It was my fate to be appointed representative of the
_Lymington Chronicle_ in 1858, when I was duly installed in its office
in that town, engaged to look after the local news, the advertisements,
the circulation; and especially it was my business to see that not a
single paragraph was ever missing from the budget which I duly sent to
the head office in Poole at the end of every week. But still there was
no fishing, save in the river, where bass came occasionally to my hook
in the tidal portions; and one of six pounds I remember as the best
that came to me on the hand line. There was some talk once of a visit
that I was to pay to a trout river at Brockenhurst; but practically
nothing came of it, nor did a casual chance which Lord Palmerston gave
me at Broadlands, which was too far from my beat and altogether above
me in its salmon runs. As for perch, which I had fished for as a boy,
there were none to be heard of in the district.
In due time I was transferred from Lymington to Southampton, where I
remember catching smelts, and nice little baskets of them, from the
pier at the bottom of High Street. Next I went to Manchester, where
there was less of such fishing as I required than before; and on a
daily paper like the _Guardian_, journalism soon proved to be real
business to engage my attention, and left me without the slight
opportunities I found even with the _Lymington Chronicle_ or _Hants
Independent_. In due time fortune, as I thought, beamed upon me when I
got an appointment on the London _Daily News_, which was then in its
prime. Here I began to find what fishing meant, for very early, thanks
to the kindness of Moy Thomas and his friend Miles, the publisher, who
was one of the directors, I got a ticket for the famous New River
reservoirs. I was here introduced to many members of the fishing
club--men of the place--and became a member of the Stanley Anglers,
where I won some prizes, and of the somewhat famous and somewhat
high-class True Waltonian Society, which met at Stoke Newington. The
general result of this was that wherever there was fishing to be
secured I got it, and was seldom without opportunity of turning that
longing eye of which I aforetime spoke to the waterside. I made pretty
rapid progress too, for I became a well-known pike fisher at Stoke
Newington, got large chub and much perch, and generally took various
degrees in the piscatorial art.
Best of all, by means of my membership of the True Waltonians, I had
the run of the Rickmansworth water. It was here that I learnt
fly-fishing, even to the extent of catching my first trout, and here
that I went through a course of practice at some large dace which then
existed in the Colne; and they very freely, to the extent of half a
pound or so weight, took the dry fly, which in later years they did
not. As a very active travelling member of the special correspondence
staff of the _Daily News_ I went here and there on various errands, and
was soon known never to travel without my rod and creel. Then the
introduction to my old friend Gowing of the _Gentleman's Magazine_, as
I have already described, made me as eager to write as I was to fish;
and, in a word, this was how "Red Spinner" was manufactured.
Now I have explained how I became a practical angling writer, and the
half-dozen or so of books which I inflicted upon my brethren of the
Angle gradually came into existence. It is necessary to mention this
to account for the fact that the majority of what I write has appeared
before the public from year to year. Indeed, I did not allow the grass
to grow under my feet. My voyage to Queensland gave me a book, and a
series of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ chapters gave me another; and so
it went on from time to time, as I had the opportunity, in magazines
and papers, finding what I may call even a ready market for all I chose
to publish. The reader will understand, therefore, that after these
half-dozen books, if any of them are to be found registered against me,
there was not a great deal left for gathering together; and that is the
excuse for this volume which I have ventured to call the _Aftermath of
Red Spinner_. Indeed, just before the war broke out I had agreed to
supply a book to my old friend Mr. Shaylor, to be published by Simpkin,
Marshall & Co. It was to contain just what had been left over by
_Bell's Life_, the _Field_, and various magazines, and this I have
described as the "Aftermath." I therefore publish it, and I do so, if
I may be permitted, just as an old man's indulgence. Will the reader
be so good as to let it stand at that, and will my old friends accept a
humble plea for that indulgence? I make it very sincerely, and with a
grateful heart for long years of brotherhood and kindly comradeship.
There are obligations which must, however, be clearly and promptly
acknowledged with thanks most cordial: to the proprietors of the
_Field_, (now the Field Press, Limited), to _Baily's Magazine_, the
_Windsor Magazine_, and many others who kindly gave permission to
select what was required for my purpose. I hereby thank them one and
all, with apologies to others not mentioned through inadvertence.
AN OPEN LETTER TO WILLIAM SENIOR
MY DEAR RED SPINNER,
Only the other day I found in a bookseller's catalogue your _Waterside
Sketches_ with the word "scarce" against it. I already possess three
copies, one the gift of the author, but I very nearly wrote off for a
fourth because one cannot have too much of so good a thing. What
restrained me really was honest altruism. "Hold," I said to myself,
"there must be some worthy man who has no copy at all. Let him have a
chance." For it is a melancholy fact that Red Spinner's books have
been out of print an unconscionable while, only to be obtained in the
second-hand market, and even there with difficulty.
I am not surprised at this (failing new editions at rather frequent
intervals), but as a friend of man, and especially of man the angler, I
am sorry. I believe I have read almost everything that has been
written on the subject of fishing which comes within ordinary scope,
and a certain amount which is outside that scope, and I have amassed
fishing books to the number of several hundred. There is, however,
comparatively little of all this considerable literature that I keep on
a special shelf for reading and re-reading, a couple of dozen volumes
maybe--and a quarter of those Red Spinner's. Realising what a pleasure
and refreshment these books are to me and how often one or other of
them companions the evening tobacco, I can the better appreciate the
loss occasioned to other anglers by their gradual removal from the
lists of the obtainable.
But not very long ago I heard the good news that you had another volume
on the stocks, and I felt that the situation was improving. And now I
have had the privilege of actually reading that volume in the proof
sheets and can report the glad tidings for the benefit of my brethren
of the angle. At last they will be able to procure one of your books
by the simple process of entering a bookseller's and asking for it. I
do not propose here to say much about the new volume except that it
will certainly stand beside _Waterside Sketches_ on that special shelf
and that it will take its turn with the others in the regular sequence
of re-reading. It is the real article, what I may call "genuine Red
Spinner," hallmark and all. I must express my satisfaction that you
have given in it some further record of the angling in other lands
which you have enjoyed in your much-travelled experience. The
Antipodes, Canada, the United States, Norway, Belgium before the
tragedy--you make it all just as vivid to us as those cold spring days
on the rolling Tay, the glowing time of lilac and Mayfly, or the serene
evenings when the roach float dips sweetly at every swim. Whatever
one's mood, salmon or gudgeon, spinning bait or black gnat, Middlesex
or Mississippi, your pages have something to suit it.
Ever since I first met you, on a September evening at Newbury now
nearly twenty years ago, you have consistently given me ever-increasing
cause for gratitude. Whether as accomplished journalist and Editor of
the _Field_, as writer and author of books, as a man with a genius for
friendship, if I may quote the phrase, or as an expert with rod and
line--in whatever guise you appeared I had cause to thank you for
allowing me "to call you Master." That I am able to do so now thus
publicly means that one at least of my ambitions has been realised.
And I will take leave to subscribe myself with all affection, "Your
scholar,"
H. T. SHERINGHAM.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
AN OPEN LETTER
CHAPTER
I. ANGLING AS A REAL FIELD SPORT
II. MANFORD AND SERTON'S COSY NEST
III. MAYFLY DAYS AND DIALOGUES
IV. MY FIRST TWEED SALMON
V. MUSINGS OF A BUSH RIDE
VI. WITH VERDANT ALDERS CROWN'D
VII. A FIRST SPRINGER AND SOME OTHERS
VIII. ANGLING COUSINS AT THE VICARAGE
IX. A CONTRAST IN THAMES ANGLING
X. TWO RED LETTER SALMON
XI. A SERMON ON VEXATIONS AND CONSOLATIONS
XII. THE SALMON AND THE KODAK
XIII. HALFORD AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES
XIV. CASUAL VISITS TO NORWAY
XV. CASTING FROM ROCKS AND BOATS
XVI. SOME CONTRARIES OF WEATHER AND SPORT
XVII. LAST DAYS WITH NORWAY AND ITS SEA TROUT
XVIII. GLIMPSES OF CANADA, ETC.
XIX. HASTY VISITS TO AMERICA
XX. A DEVASTATED ARCADIA
LINES IN PLEASANT PLACES
CHAPTER I
ANGLING AS A REAL FIELD SPORT
One of the commonest misconceptions about angling is that it is just
the pastime for an idle man. "The lazy young vagabond cares for
nothing but fishing!" exclaims the despairing mother to her sympathetic
neighbour of the next cottage listening to the family troubles. Even
those who ought to know better lightly esteem the sport, as if,
forsooth, there were something in the nature of effeminacy in its
pursuit.
Not many summers ago a couple of trout-fishers were enjoined by the
open-handed country gentleman who had invited them to try his stream to
be sure and come in to lunch. They sought to be excused on the plea
that they could not afford to leave the water upon any such trifling
pretence, but they compounded by promising to work down the water-meads
in time for afternoon tea under the dark cedar on the bright emerald
lawn. As they sauntered up through the shrubberies, hot and weary, the
ladies mocked their empty baskets, and that was all fair and square;
but a town-bred member of the house-party shot at a venture a shaft
which they considered cruel:
"You ought to have joined us at luncheon, Captain Vandeleur," said she.
"I can't imagine what amusement you can find in sitting all day
watching a float."
To men whose shoulders and arms were aching after five hours'
greenheart drill at long distances, and who prided themselves upon
being above every form of fishing lower than spinning, the truly
knock-down nature of this blow can only be imagined by those who
understand the subject. The captain, who is reckoned one of the worst
men in the regiment to venture with in the way of repartee, was so
amazed at the damsel's ignorance that he answered never a word, leaving
some of her friends in muslin on the garden chairs around to explain
the difference between fishing with and without a float--a duty which
they appeared to perform with true womanly relish as a set-off against
the previous scoring of the pert maid from Mayfair, who had borne
rather heavily upon them from a London season elevation.
Allow me to recommend angling as a manly exercise, as physically hard
in some of its aspects as any other field sport. During the lifetime
of those of us who will no more see middle age this recreation has
become actually popular, and it is generally supposed that the
multiplication a hundredfold of rod-and-line fishermen in a generation
is explained by the cheaper and easier modes of locomotion, the
increase of cheap literature pertaining to the sport, and the
establishment of a periodical press devoted to it amongst other forms
of national recreation. These reasons are undoubtedly admissible. Yet
I venture to add another, namely, the great and beneficial movement
which has opened the eyes of men and women to the importance of
physical exercise.
When the young men who had in their boyhood been taught to regard
almost every form of recreation as a sin to be guarded against and
repented of, were taught another doctrine, a new impulse was given to
cricket, football, and all manner of athletics, and angling was quickly
discovered by many to offer exercise in variety, and to carry with it
charms of its own. To-day it is therefore so popular that anglers have
to protect themselves against one another if they would prevent the
depletion of lakes and rivers, and salmon and trout streams are quoted
as highly remunerative investments.
Let us see, however, where exercise worthy of the name is found--the
inquiry will at the same time indicate the nature of the fascinations
which to not a few good people are wholly incomprehensible, if, indeed,
they are not a mild form of lunacy. We may take for granted the
antiquity of the sport, though probably the first anglers had an eye to
nothing nobler than the pot. Angling has never been worth following as
an industry, for one of the first lessons learned by the rod fisherman
is that there are superior devices for filling a basket if that alone
is the object. "Because I like it," is the least troublesome reply to
one who asks you why you will go a-fishing. Happy he who can go a
little further and aver, "Because I find it the most entrancing of
sports." And with equally sound sense may it be urged by old and young
alike, "Because it is splendid exercise."
Angling in truth is often made much severer than it need be. The
American fishing-men, in their instinctive search for notions,
discovered long ago that the rods which they had copied from us were
too long and heavy, and the necessary tackle altogether too cumbersome.
They seldom use a longer salmon-rod than 15 feet, and frequently kill
the heavy trout of their lakes and rivers with delicate weapons of 8
and 9 feet.
In Scotland and Ireland, where the best of our salmon fishing is, you
may still meet with anglers who will have no rod under 18 or 20 feet.
Only big strong men accustomed to it can wield an implement of this
calibre through a hard day's casting without extreme fatigue. They
have a sound justification for their choice on such streams as Tweed,
Dee, and Spey, where the pools are of the major size and the getting
out of a long line is a necessity. They are not on such sure ground
when they urge that a heavy salmon can only be landed by a rod of
maximum dimensions. I saw a friend last autumn produce a 15-foot
greenheart rod on Tweedside. The gillies shook their heads
incredulously at the innovation, but honestly unlearned what they had
always believed to be infallible dogma when he killed his twenty-three
pound fish as quickly and safely as if the cause had been the 18-foot
rod which they had implored him to substitute for his most unorthodox
concern. It is true that there are "catches" which can only be covered
by long rods, with their undoubted advantages in sending out the fly,
picking the line off the water, and settling a fish with the promptest
dispatch.
The young salmon-fisher should learn to handle a rod that is sufficient
for his height and strength and no more. For ordinary purposes 17 feet
of greenheart or split-cane are ample, and the modern salmon angler has
come to look upon even this--which our forefathers would have
pooh-poohed as a mere grilse-rod--as excessive. The secret of
comfortable and successful angling, as an exercise no less than as a
sport, is in the choice of a rod. Some men seem to be unable to make
the right selection; they seem to lack the correct sense of touch and
balance. Others suffer from love of change; disloyal to the old friend
which fitted their hand to a nicety, they discard it for the passing
attractions of some newly-advertised pattern.
It is distressing to watch the efforts of the right man with the wrong
rod, or vice versa. With man and rod in harmony the latter does the
real work; unfitted to each other, the power of man and rod is alike at
its worst. Unfortunately this matter is one upon which the angler must
be his own teacher; but the angler's troubles, in the majority of
instances, arise from the fatal predilection for a rod heavier than the
owner can legitimately bear, or from the use of a line too fine or too
coarse for the rod. Exercise is then over-exercise, injurious, and not
good for body or temper.
Salmon fishing from a boat is imagined by some to be objectionable
because it demands no exertion by the angler. This is an erroneous
conclusion, though doubtless the method brings certain muscles into
play to an unequal degree. At the same time, fishing from the bank, as
it is called for convenience, though the angler never stands upon one,
is the most enjoyable of all methods. There is a rapture in the stream
as in the pathless woods.
In the foregoing remarks upon heavy rods I had possibly in my mind the
angler whose life is not entirely devoted to the open air. The
increase to which reference has been made has been chiefly from the
class of professional men, merchants, and others who have duties which
allow of only occasional relaxation devoted to the river. To such the
donning of wading gear for the first time in the season, the entrance
into the clear running water, the cautious advance upon the amber
gravel or solid rock, the swirl of the rushing stream around the knees,
the sensation of cold through the waterproofing, the arrival at length
at the point where the head of the pool is within range--these are a
keen delight. The pulses fly again when the hooked salmon is felt, and
the tightening line curves the rod from point to hand. Exercise,
indeed! Half an hour's battle with a fighting salmon, including a race
in brogues of a hundred yards or more over shingle or boulders will,
when the fish is gaffed and laid on the strand, find the best of men
well breathed and not sorry to sit him down till his excitement has
cooled and his nerves are once more steady.
Next in order, as a form of healthy exercise, comes pike fishing, as
practised by the spinner with small dead fish, the artificial
imitations of them, or the endless variations of the spoon, invented,
it is claimed, by an angler in the United States. Live baiting in a
river with float requires sufficient energy to walk at the same speed
as the current flows; by still water or in a boat the angler comes, of
course, fairly into the comprehension of the lady who was introduced on
another page. He watches and waits, and the more closely he imitates
the heron in his motionless patience the better for his chances. The
troller of olden times was at any rate always moving, and finer
exercise for a winter day than trolling four or five miles of river
could not be prescribed. But the gorge hook has gone out of fashion
and is discountenanced.
Spinning is for pike what the artificial fly is for salmon, the most
scientific method, and followed perseveringly it is downright hard
work, bringing, as the use of the salmon rod does, all the muscles of
the body into play. The degree of exercise depends upon the style
adopted. Casting direct from the Nottingham winch is less trying than
the ordinary and more familiar custom of working the incoming line
dropped upon the grass or floor of the boat, or gathered in the left
hand in coils after the manner of Thames fishermen. Few anglers are
masters of the Nottingham style, which has many distinct
recommendations, such as freedom from the entanglements of undergrowth
and rough ground.
The recovery of the spinning bait by regular revolutions of the winch
is not always a gain, since, with all his shark-like voracity, the pike
has his little caprices, and sometimes suspects the lure which is
moving evenly on a straight course through the water. The bait spun
home by the left hand manipulating the line while the right gives the
proper motion to the rod top is considered best for pike if not for
salmon. One of the good points about spinning for pike is that it is a
recreative exercise to be followed after the fly-rod is laid by after
autumn. November, December, and January are indeed the months to be
preferred before all the rest, and when pike fall out of season the
salmon and trout rivers are open again.
Trout fishing is the sport of the many amongst fly-fishermen, and the
exercise required in the methods which are recognised as quite orthodox
is probably the happy medium, yielding pleasure with the least penalty
of toil. The members of the most recent school of trout fishers are
believers in the floating fly, but it is wrong to assume that there is
any burning question in the matter. The best angler is the man who is
master of all the legitimate devices for beguiling fish into his
landing net, and I am not now concerned with any controversial aspects
of the dry-fly question. The spectacle of an angler upon a chalk
stream, where this style is to all intents and purposes Hobson's
choice, is not at all suggestive of bodily activity should he happen to
be "waiting for a rise." The trout will only heed an artificial fly
that is dropped in front of them with upstanding wings, and in form of
body and appendages, as in the manner of its progress on the surface of
the stream, this counterfeit presentment must strictly imitate the
small ephemeridae which are hatching in the bed and floating down the
surface of the stream. As the trout do not rise until the natural fly
appears, and as the hatches of fly are capricious, there are often
weary hours of waiting when the angler must be perforce inactive. His
exercise comes in full measure when the hour of action does arrive, and
he will find some motion even in the eventless intervals by walking up
the river on the look-out for olive dun or black gnat.
The whipper of the mountain streams, or the wet-fly practitioner who
fishes a river where the trout are not particular in their tastes, is
in the way of exercise the most fortunate of all. He is ever passing
from pool to pool, lightly equipped, changing his scenery every hour,
now whipping in the shadow of overhanging branches, now crouching
behind a mossy crag, and now brushing the sedges of an open section of
the stream. The broad tranquil flow is exchanged for merry ripples and
sparkling shallows, and these are succeeded by strong and concentrated
streams foaming and eddying down a rocky gorge. Trout here and there
are dropped into the pannier from time to time, and it is a wholesomely
tired angler, with a grand appetite and capacities for sound sleep, who
at night will welcome his slippers at the inn.
Sea-trout angling is to me the choicest sport offered by rod and line.
One degree more exacting to arms and legs than the more universal
employment of the pretty 10-foot trout rod with the purely fresh-water
species of the salmonidae, it still falls short of the heavier demands
of the salmon or pike rod. The double-handed rod, the moderately
strong line and collar, and the flies that are a compromise between the
March brown or alder and the Jock Scott or Wilkinson, offer you salmon
fishing in miniature. The sea trout are regular visitors to the rivers
which are honoured by their periodical visits, but they never linger as
long as salmon in the pools, and must be taken on their passage without
shilly-shallying.
A good sea trout on a 14-foot rod, and in a bold run of water fretted
by opposition from hidden rocks and obstinate outstanding boulders, is
game for a king. The exquisitely shaped silver model is a dashing and
gallant foe, worthy of the finest steel tempered at Kendal or Redditch.
No other fish leaps so desperately out of the water in its efforts to
escape, or puts so many artful dodges into execution, forcing the
angler with his arched rod and sensitive winch to meet wile with wile,
and determination with a firmness of which gentleness is the warp and
woof. While it lasts, and when the fish are in a sporting humour,
there is nothing more exciting than sea-trout angling. Perhaps for
briskness of sport one ought to bracket with it the Mayfly carnival of
the non-tidal trout streams in the generally hot days of early June,
when the English meadows are in all their glory, and the fish for a few
days cast shyness to the green and grey drakes and run a fatal riot in
their annual gormandising.
The greatest happiness for the greatest number in angling, I suppose,
must be credited to the patient disciples of Izaak Walton who take
their sport at their ease by the margins, or afloat on the bosom, of
the slow-running rivers which come under the regulations of what is
known as the Mundella Act. They are mostly the home of the coarse fish
of the British waters--pike, perch, roach, dace, chub, barbel, and the
rest. Some of them also hold trout and one or two salmon in their
season. They yield little of the kind of sport that gives the exercise
which I have made my theme as an excuse for, and recommendation of,
angling. But the humbler practices of angling with modest tackle and
homely baits take thousands of working people into the country, and if
sitting on a box or basket, or in the Windsor chair of a punt on Thames
or Lea does not involve physical exertion of a positive kind, it means
fresh air, rural sights and sounds, and the tranquil rest which after
all is the best holiday for the day-by-day toiler.