[1] See "The Keyed Harmonica improved by H. Klein of Pressburg,"
article in the _Allg. musik. Ztg._, Bd. i. pp. 675-699 (Leipzig,
1798); also Becker, p. 254, _Bartel_.
GLOGAU, a fortified town of Germany, in the Prussian province of
Silesia, 59 m. N.W. from Breslau, on the railway to Frankfort-on-Oder.
Pop. (1905) 23,461. It is built partly on an island and partly on the
left bank of the Oder; and owing to the fortified enceinte having been
pushed farther afield, new quarters have been opened up. Among its most
important buildings are the cathedral, in the Gothic, and a castle (now
used as a courthouse), in the Renaissance style, two other Roman
Catholic and three Protestant churches, a new town-hall, a synagogue, a
military hospital, two classical schools (_Gymnasien_) and several
libraries. Owing to its situation on a navigable river and at the
junction of several lines of railway, Glogau carries on an extensive
trade, which is fostered by a variety of local industries, embracing
machinery-building, tobacco, beer, oil, sugar and vinegar. It has also
extensive lithographic works, and its wool market is celebrated.
In the beginning of the 11th century Glogau, even then a populous and
fortified town, was able to withstand a regular siege by the emperor
Henry V.; but in 1157 the duke of Silesia, finding he could not hold out
against Frederick Barbarossa, set it on fire. In 1252 the town, which
had been raised from its ashes by Henry I., the Bearded, became the
capital of a principality of Glogau, and in 1482 town and district were
united to the Bohemian crown. In the course of the Thirty Years' War
Glogau suffered greatly. The inhabitants, who had become Protestants
soon after the Reformation, were dragooned into conformity by
Wallenstein's soldiery; and the Jesuits received permission to build
themselves a church and a college. Captured by the Protestants in 1632,
and recovered by the Imperialists in 1633, the town was again captured
by the Swedes in 1642, and continued in Protestant hands till the peace
of Westphalia in 1648, when the emperor recovered it. In 1741 the
Prussians took the place by storm, and during the Seven Years' War it
formed an important centre of operations for the Prussian forces. After
the battle of Jena (1806) it fell into the hands of the French; and was
gallantly held by Laplane, against the Russian and Prussian besiegers,
after the battle of Katzbach in August 1813 until the 17th of the
following April.
See Minsberg, _Geschichte der Stadt und Festung Glogau's_ (2 vols.,
Glogau, 1853); and H. von Below, _Zur Geschichte des Jahres_ 1806.
_Glogau's Belagerung und Verteidigung_ (Berlin, 1893).
GLORIOSA, in botany, a small genus of plants belonging to the natural
order Liliaceae, native of tropical Asia and Africa. They are bulbous
plants, the slender stems of which support themselves by tendril-like
prolongations of the tips of some of the narrow generally lanceolate
leaves. The flowers, which are borne in the leaf-axils at the ends of
the stem, are very handsome, the six, generally narrow, petals are bent
back and stand erect, and are a rich orange yellow or red in colour; the
six stamens project more or less horizontally from the place of
insertion of the petals. They are generally grown in cultivation as
stove-plants.
GLORY (through the O. Fr. _glorie_, modern _gloire_, from Lat. _gloria_,
cognate with Gr. [Greek: kleos, kluein]), a synonym for fame, renown,
honour, and thus used of anything which reflects honour and renown on
its possessor. In the phrase "glory of God" the word implies both the
honour due to the Creator, and His majesty and effulgence. In liturgies
of the Christian Church are the _Gloria Patri_, the doxology beginning
"Glory be to the Father," the response _Gloria tibi, Domine_, "Glory be
to Thee, O Lord," sung or said after the giving out of the Gospel for
the day, and the _Gloria in excelsis_, "Glory be to God on high," sung
during the Mass and Communion service. A "glory" is the term often used
as synonymous with halo, nimbus or aureola (q.v.) for the ring of light
encircling the head or figure in a pictorial or other representation of
sacred persons.