surround the trial of Galileo. In 1809 all the original documents
relating to this suit were transmitted from Rome to Paris with the
papal archives, and it was intended to publish the whole in the form
of a volume consisting of seven or eight hundred pages. Delambre, the
historian of modern astronomy, while sending several extracts from
these deeds to Venturi, one of Galileo’s biographers, attributes the
oblivion into which this intention was suffered to fall, entirely to
political motives. Delambre informs us, moreover, that in 1820 the
original deeds were no longer forthcoming. Monsignor Morrini, who
had been commissioned to claim from the French government whatever
appertained to the Holy See, endeavoured in vain to obtain the papers
relating to the trial of Galileo. At length the manuscript was restored
to Gregory XVI., it was not known how, or by whom, and it was deposited
by Pius IX., in 1848, in the archives of the Vatican; since which date
no full details have been published. It is now, however, positively
affirmed that Galileo was never thrown into the dungeons of the
Inquisition.
After the second examination to which Galileo was subjected, Cardinal
Barberini suffered him to return to his apartments at the embassy
of the grand Duke of Tuscany, where the ambassador Nicolini, his
family and household, continued to treat him with much affectionate
consideration.
He was again summoned before the Inquisition on the 10th May and on
the 21st June, when he repeated that he held as true and indisputable
the opinion of Ptolemy, that is to say the immobility of the earth and
the mobility of the sun. This was the close of the trial. The next
day, Wednesday, 22nd June, 1633, he was brought before the cardinals
and prelates of the congregation to hear his sentence and to make his
recantation.
It was in the church of the convent of St. Minerva that Galileo
Galilei, aged seventy years, pronounced on his knees a form of
recantation. It has been said that Galileo, on rising from his knees,
murmured these words: “_E pure si muove!_” No doubt this protestation
of truth against falsehood may at this cruel crisis have rushed from
his heart to his lips, but it must be remembered that if these words
had actually been heard, his relapse would have infallibly led him to
the stake.
Monsieur Biot, in a learned and conscientious biographical notice, has
clearly pointed out, that Galileo was not subjected to torture during
any part of his trial anterior to the 22nd June 1633. M. Libri, in his
_Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie_, is of opinion that
as Galileo was subjected to _a rigorous examination_, according to the
wording of the sentence, it might be logically inferred that torture
had really been inflicted on him.
But Monsignor Marini has fully proved that the _rigorous examination_
was an enquiry which did not necessarily include torture. M. Philarète
Chasles, in his _Essay on Galileo_ (the best compendium that we have on
the life, labours, and persecutions of the learned Italian astronomer),
shews that the popular story, or rather fable, of the persecution
of Galileo, accepted by the vulgar, is based upon a false document,
a letter forged by the Duc Caetani and his librarian, and addressed
to Reineri, and which Tiraboschi, a dupe to the fraud, inserted in
his _Histoire littéraire d’Italie_. This letter was taken as an
authority, and M. Libri, in his remarkable work “_Histoire des sciences
mathématiques en Italie_,” cites it in support of his opinion. But
this apocryphal letter is rejected by Nelli, Reumont, and all accurate
critics. If Galileo was really subjected to torture, how can we account
for the circumstance that during his life-time no rumour of it was
current?--that his pupils, his partisans, his numerous defenders, knew
nothing of it in France, in Holland, or in Germany?
A few days after his recantation, Galileo Galilei returned to Sienna
to his friend the Archbishop Piccolomini, in whose palace the Pope
desired him to remain. The following letter was written soon after
his arrival at Sienna: “At the entreaty of the ambassador Nicolini,
the Pope has granted me permission to reside in the palace and the
garden of the Medici on the Trinità, and instead of a prison the
archiepiscopal palace has been assigned to me as a home, in which I
have already spent fifteen days, congratulating myself on the ineffable
kindness of the Archbishop.”
On the 1st December the Pope issued a decree by which Galileo received
permission to occupy his villa d’Arcetri, which had been in his
possession since 1631. This villa, where Milton visited him, and
where Galileo died, on the 8th January 1642, at nearly seventy-eight
years of age, is situated on a declivity of one of the hills that
overlook Florence. An inscription still perpetuates the memory of its
illustrious proprietor. It was here, under arrest, and pending the good
will and pleasure of the Pope, that Galileo expiated his imaginary
crime. On the 28th July 1640 he wrote to Deodati: “My definitive
prison is this little villa, situated a mile from Florence. I am
forbidden to receive the visits of my friends, or to invite them to
come and converse with me. My life is very tranquil. I often go to
the neighbouring convent of _San Matteo_, where two of my daughters
are nuns. I love them both dearly, especially the elder, who unites
extraordinary intellectual powers to much goodness of heart.”
The growing infirmities of age now began to tell upon Galileo. His
weary eyes refused to serve him, and he became completely blind. He
was tended in his solitude by his two daughters from the convent. One
of them was taken from him by death, but she was replaced by other
affectionate relatives, who endeavoured to amuse and console the lonely
captive. His letters breathe a poetical melancholy, a quiet irony, an
overwhelming humility and an overpowering sense of weariness.
Those who wish to form a just idea of this great and persecuted man,
of his true character, his labours, his foibles, and his lack of moral
courage, should read the _Beiträge zur italienischen Geschichte_,
by Alfred von Reumont, envoy of his Majesty the King of Prussia at
Florence. He has classified the correspondence of Galileo and that of
his friends, and has completed the labours and researches of Fabroni,
Nelli, Venturi, Libri, Marini, Biot, &c. Dr. Max Parchoppe has also
very recently sifted and weighed in a remarkable manner, all the
evidence relating to the life of Galileo.
We will conclude by mentioning a circumstance very little known and
with which the public have only recently become acquainted through an
unpublished letter of Galileo dated in the second year of his retreat.
It exhibits this illustrious scholar in a new light, as an amateur of
good wine and good cheer. “I desire,” he says, “that you should take
the advice of the most experienced judges, and procure for me with all
diligence and with all imaginable care, a provision of forty bottles,
or two cases of liqueurs of various kinds and of the most exquisite
quality. You need not consider the expense: I am so moderate in all
other sensual indulgences that I may allow myself some scope in favour
of Bacchus without fear of giving offence to Venus or to Ceres. You
will, I think, easily find wines of Scillo and of Carini (Scylla and
Charybdis if you prefer to call them so)--Greek wines from the country
of my master, Archimedes the Syracusian; Claret wines, &c. When you
send me the cases, be so good as to enclose the account, which I
will pay scrupulously and quickly, &c. From my prison of Arcetri,
4th March.” “_Con ogni diligenza e col consiglio et intervento dei
piu purgati gusti, voglio restar serviti di farmi provisione di 40
fiaschi, cioè di due casse di liquori varii esquisiti che costi si
ritrovino, non curando punto di rispiarme dispesa, perche rispiarmo
tanto in tutti gl’altri gusti corporali che posso lasciarmi andare a
qualche cosa a richiesta di Bacco, senza offesa delle sue compagne
Venere e Cerere. Costi non debbon mancare Scillo e Carini (onde voglio
dire Scilla e Caribdi) nè meno la patria del mio maestro Archimede
Siracusano, i Grecchi, e Claretti, &c. Havranno, come spero, comodo
di farmegli capitare col ritorno delle casse della dispensa, ed io
prontamente sodisfaro tutta la spesa, &c._
_Dalla mia carcere d’Arcetri, 4 di Marzo._
_Galileo Galiᵉⁱ._”
It is worthy of remark that he designates his pretty villa at Arcetri
as his prison; probably because he was forbidden to extend his walks
beyond the convent of San Matteo.
APPENDIX
TO THE NOTICE ON WILLIAM TELL.
The following _Tellenlied_ is the most ancient known, and has
been printed in the collection of M. ROCHHOLZ: _Eidgenössische
Liederchronik_, p. 206.
In the course of time, this ballad has been often altered in its
details; but we give here one of the old forms in which it was written.
To complete the picture of William Tell’s legend, we have added the
celebrated ballad on the death of Tell, by the great poet UHLAND who,
by this poem, say the Germans:
_Exegit monumentum ære perennius._
1.
Von einer Eidgenossenschaft
Und ihrer unerhörten Kraft
Ist mir ein Lied gelungen,
Drum will ich diesen ew’gen Bund
Besingen und den ganzen Grund,
Aus welchem er entsprungen.
In einem Land, das wie ein Kern
Verschlossen liegt in Bergen fern,
Die man als Mauern preiset,
Fing dieser Bund zum ersten an,
Es ward die Sache frei gethan
Im Land, das Uri heisset.
Nun schaut ihr lieben Herren an,
Wie dieser Schimpf zuerst begann,
Und lasst’s euch nicht verdriessen,
Wie einer seinem liebsten Sohn
Wohl einen Apfel gar aus Hohn
Vom Scheitel musste schiessen.
Der Landvogt sprach zu Wilhelm Tell:
Nun lug zu deiner Kunst, Gesell,
Und nun vernimm mich eben:
Trifft nicht dein allererster Schuss,
Fürwahr, so ist es dir nichts nutz
Und kostet dich dein Leben!
Er hatte Glück durch Gottes Kraft,
Da ist mit rechter Meisterschaft
Der Hauptschuss ihm gelungen;
Er irrte nicht und fehlte nit
Auf hundert und auf dreissig Schritt
Das Ziel am Haupt des Jungen.
Als er den Ersten Gott befahl,
Begriff er einen zweiten Strahl,
In’s Goller ihn zu legen;
Da sprach derselbe Landvogt gut,
Was treibst du da in deinem Muth,
Was hast du dich verwegen?
Der Telle war ein zornig Mann,
Er schnauzt den Landvogt übel an:
Hätt’ ich mein Kind erschossen,
Ich hätte dich, mein Landvogt gut,
Wie ich beschloss in meinem Muth,
Wohl auch geschwind erschossen!
Und solchem Spann und solchem Stoss
Entsprang der erste Eidgenoss!
Und also steht geschrieben:
Der übermüth’gen Vögte Schaar
Ward drauf der Herrschaft blos und bar
Und ans dem Land getrieben.
Wie fest wir schwuren einen Bund
Das bleibt in allen Zeiten kund
Den Jungen wie den Alten,
Und dass in Ehre wir bestehn
Und die geraden Wege gehn,
Das lassen Gott wir walten, etc.
2.
TELL’S TOD.
Grün wird die Alpe werden,
Stürzt die Lawin’ einmal;
Zu Berge ziehn die Heerden,
Fuhr erst der Schnee zu Thal.
Euch stellt, ihr Alpensöhne,
Mit jedem neuen Jahr
Des Eises Bruch vom Föhne
Den Kampf der Freiheit dar.
Da braust der wilde Schächen
Hervor aus seiner Schlucht,
Und Fels und Tanne brechen
Von seiner jähen Flucht,
Er hat den Steg begraben,
Der ob der Stäube hing,
Hat weggespült den Knaben,
Der auf dem Stege ging.
Und eben schritt ein Andrer
Zur Brücke, da sie brach;
Nicht stutzt der greise Wandrer,
Wirft sich dem Knaben nach,
Fasst ihn mit Adlerschnelle,
Trägt ihn zum sichern Ort;
Das Kind entspringt der Welle,
Den Alten reisst sie fort.
Doch als nun ausgestossen
Die Flut den todten Leib,
Da stehn um ihn, ergossen
In Jammer, Mann und Weib;
Als kracht in seinem Grunde
Des Rothstocks Felsgestell,
Erschallt’s aus einem Munde:
Der Tell ist todt, der Tell!
Wär’ ich ein Sohn der Berge,
Ein Hirt am ew’gen Schnee,
Wär’ ich ein kecker Ferge
Auf Uris grünem See,
Und trät’ in meinem Harme
Zum Tell, wo er verschied,
Des Todten Haupt im Arme,
Spräch’ ich mein Klagelied:
“Da liegst du, eine Leiche,
Der Aller Leben war;
Dir trieft noch um das bleiche
Gesicht das greise Haar.
Hier steht, den du gerettet,
Ein Kind, wie Milch und Blut,
Das Land, das du entkettet,
Steht rings in Alpenglut.
“Die Kraft derselben Liebe,
Die du dem Knaben trugst,
Ward einst in dir zum Triebe,
Dass du den Zwingherrn schlugst.
Nie schlummernd, nie erschrocken,
War retten stets dein Brauch,
Wie in den braunen Locken,
So in den grauen auch.
“Wärst du noch jung gewesen,
Als du den Knaben fingst,
Und wärst du dann genesen,
Wie du nun untergingst,
Wir hätten d’raus geschlossen
Auf künft’ger Thaten Ruhm:
Doch schön ist nach dem grossen
Das schlichte Heldenthum.
“Dir hat dein Ohr geklungen
Vom Lob, das man dir bot,
Doch ist zu ihm gedrungen
Ein schwacher Ruf der Noth.
Der ist ein Held der freien,
Der, wann der Sieg ihn kränzt,
Noch glüht, sich dem zu weihen,
Was frommet und nicht glänzt.
“Gesund bist du gekommen
Vom Werk des Zorns zurück,
Im hülfereichen, frommen,
Verliess dich erst dein Glück.
Der Himmel hat dein Leben
Nicht für ein Volk begehrt;
Für dieses Kind gegeben,
War ihm dein Opfer werth.
“Wo du den Vogt getroffen,
Mit deinem sichern Strahl
Dort steht ein Bethaus offen,
Dem Strafgericht ein Mal;
Doch hier, wo du gestorben,
Dem Kind ein Heil zu sein,
Hast du dir nur erworben
Ein schmucklos Kreuz von Stein.
“Weithin wird lobgesungen,
Wie du dein Land befreit,
Von grosser Dichter Zungen
Vernimmt’s noch späte Zeit;
Doch steigt am Schächen nieder
Ein Hirt im Abendroth,
Dann hallt im Felsthal wieder
Das Lied von deinem Tod.”
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
In a book like the present, it is advisable to place every possible
authority at the disposition of the reader, in order that he may
ascertain for himself the truth of the alleged facts, and verify the
accuracy of the author.
With this view, I subjoin a bibliographical Index of some of the works
ancient or modern that bear upon each of the subjects which I have
examined, so that the original sources may be collected by all desirous
of so doing.
THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES.
1. COMTE CAYLUS, _Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions_, Vol. XXIV,
p. 360.
2. O. DAPPER, _Description des Isles de l’Archipel._ Amsterd. 1703.
3. CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER, _Voyage pittoresque de la Grèce_. Paris 1782,
Vol. I, p. 108.
4. W. J. HAMILTON, _Researches in Asia Minor_. London 1842, Vol. II,
p. 65.
5. DROYSEN, _Geschichte des Hellenismus_, Vol. II, p. 574.
6. PLINIUS, _Historia naturalis_, lib. 34.
7. DIODORUS SICULUS, lib. 20.
8. STRABO, lib. 14.
9. J. J. WINCKELMANN, _Geschichte der alten Kunst_, lib. 7, cap. 2.
10. COL. ROTTIERS, _Description des monuments de Rhodes_. Bruxelles
1830, p. 81.
11. GUILL. CAVURSIN, _De obsidione Rhodiorum_, anno 1480.
12. NAPOLÉON III, _Histoire de Jules César_, Vol. I, p. 137.
BELISARIUS
1. SCHELWIG (SAMUEL), _Dissertatio Historica de Belisario_. Witteb.
1665. 4ᵗᵒ.
2. EKERMAN (PETER), _Dissertatio de Belisario, duce Justiniani
invictissimo_. Upsal. 1761. 4ᵗᵒ.
3. ZELLER (CH. F.), _Belisarius, römischer Feldherr, eine Biographie_.
Tübing. 1809. 8ᵛᵒ.
4. MAHON (PH. H.), _Life of Belisarius_. Lond. 1829. 8ᵛᵒ.
5. ROTH (C. L.), _Ueber Belisar’s Ungnade; nach den Quellen_. Basel
1846. 8ᵛᵒ.
ALEXANDRIAN LIBRARY.
1. _Abdollatiphi Compendium memorabilium Ægypti._ Tubing. 1789.
2. _Hist. Dynast._ _translated_ by POCOCKE.
3. _Histoire de l’École d’Alexandrie_, par M. MATTER. Paris 1840. II
Vol. 8ᵛᵒ.
This work supplies all the authorities for and against the fact of the
burning of the Alexandrian Library.
POPE JOAN.
1. VERGERIO, _Istoria di Papa Giovanni VIII. che fu femina_. I Vol.
_S. l._ 1556. 8ᵛᵒ.
2. SCHERER, _Gründlicher Bericht &c._ Wien 1584. 4ᵗᵒ.
3. H. WITEKIND, _Jesuitas Pontificis Maximi emissarios falso et
frustra negare Papam Johannem VIII., fuisse meretricem_. 1588. 4ᵗᵒ.
4. _Erreur populaire de la Papesse Jeanne_, par FLORIMOND DE RAYMOND.
Bordeaux 1588, in 8ᵛᵒ. Paris 1599, Cambrai 1603.
5. J. MAYS, _The Pope’s Parliament_. London 1591 and 1594.
6. _Papa mulier_ (auctore N. FABRO). Witebergæ 1609. 8ᵛᵒ.
7. G. WHITAKER, _De Papa romano et Papissa romana_. 1612. 8ᵛᵒ.
8. SERRARIUS, _Tractatus de Johanna Papissa_. Coloniæ Agripp. 1614.
9. _Anatomy of Pope Joan._ London 1626. 12ᵐᵒ.
10. LEO ALLACIUS, _Fabulæ de Johanna Papissa confutatio ex monumentis
græcis_. Romæ 1630, 4ᵗᵒ, and 1645, 8ᵛᵒ.
11. J. DE LA SALLE, _Confutatio Joannæ Papissæ_. Lovanii 1633. 8ᵛᵒ.
12. J. DE LA MONTAGNE, _La Papesse Jeanne_. Sedan 1633. 8ᵛᵒ.
It is a translation of the work of A. Cooke, inserted in the 4th Vol.
of the _Harleyan Miscellany_.
13. EHINGER, _Dissertatio de Papa Muliere_. 1641. 4ᵗᵒ.
14. DAVID BLONDEL, _Familier esclaircissement de la question si une
femme a été assise au siège papal_. Amsterdam 1649. 8ᵛᵒ.
15. N. COGNARD, _Traité contre l’éclaircissement donné par David
Blondel_. Saumur 1655. 8ᵛᵒ.
16. R. CAPELLUS, _Discursus Historicus de Johanna VIII._ 1655. 4ᵗᵒ.
17. S. MARESIUS, _Johanna Papissa restituta_. Groningæ 1658. 8ᵛᵒ.
18. _Historia Johannis VIII., Romani Pontificis, sexum suum partu in
publica viâ edito prodentia._ Helmstad. 1662. 4ᵗᵒ.
19. CHIFFLET, _Judicium de fabulæ Joannæ papissæ_. Antwerp. 1666. 4ᵗᵒ.
20. G. VOELIUS, _Spicilegium ad disceptationem historicam de Papissâ
Johannâ_. Ultrajecti 1669. 4ᵗᵒ.
21. J. LEHMANN, _In felix puerpera Johanna VIII., pontifex
dissertatione historica exhibita_. Witteberg 1669. 4ᵗᵒ.
22. S. D. ARTOPÄUS, _Dissertatio de Johanna Papissa_. Lipsiæ 1673. 4ᵗᵒ.
23. _Present for a Papist, or the life and death of Pope Joan._ London
1675. 8ᵛᵒ.
24. FRED. SPANHEIM, _Disquisitio historica de Papâ fœminâ, &c._ Lugd.
Batav. 1691. 8ᵛᵒ.
25. JACQUES LENFANT, _Histoire de la Papesse Jeanne_. Cologne 1694.
8ᵛᵒ.
26. M. RYDELIUS, _Dissertatio de Pontifice Johanne VIII._ London 1723.
8ᵛᵒ.
27. C. A. HEUMANN, _Dissertatio de origine verâ traditionis falsæ de
Johanna Papissa_. Gœttingæ 1739. 4ᵗᵒ.
28. _Surprising history of Pope Joan._ London 1744. 8ᵛᵒ.
29. J. Z. GLEICHMANN, _Wahrheit der Geschichte, &c._ Francfort 1744.
4ᵗᵒ.
30. P. P. WOLF, _Ueber die Wahrscheinlichkeit, &c._ Ratisb. 1809. 8ᵛᵒ.
31. _Die Päpstin Joanna, &c._ Mayence 1821. 8ᵛᵒ.
32. S. CIAMPI, _Discussione sull’ opinione, &c._ Firenze 1828. 8ᵛᵒ.
33. W. SMET, _Das Mährchen, &c._ Cologne 1829. 12ᵐᵒ.
34. BIANCHI-GIOVINI, _Esame critico, &c._ Turin 1839.
35. N. C. KIST, _De Pausin Joanna, &c._ Leyde 1844. 8ᵛᵒ.
36. J. H. WENSING, _De Verhandeling, &c._ The Hague 1845. 8ᵛᵒ.
This is an answer to the work of KIST.
37. PHILOMNESTE JUNIOR, _La Papesse Jeanne, étude historique et
littéraire_. Paris 1862. 12ᵐᵒ.
38. MISSON, _Voyage d’Italie_. La Haye 1702.
39. SHELHORN, _Amœnitates litterariæ_, t. III, and IX.
40. BAYLE, _Dictionnaire historique_.
Very remarkable article.
ABELARD AND ELOISA.
1. GERVAISE, _Vie de P. Abelard et celle d’Heloisa_. Paris 1720, II
Vol. 12ᵐᵒ.
2. HUGHES, _History of Abelard and Héloïse_. Glasg. 1751. 8ᵛᵒ.
Not mentioned by Lowndes.
3. MÜCHLER, _Geschichte und Briefe des Abailard und der Heloïse_.
Berlin 1755. 8ᵛᵒ.
4. BERINGTON, _History of the lives of Abailard and Heloïsa_. London
1784. 4ᵗᵒ. and Birmingh. 1787. 4ᵗᵒ.
5. METRA, _Vita, amore e lettere di Abelardo e di Eloïsa_. Triest
1794, II Vol. 8ᵛᵒ. and Milan 1835.
6. MILLS (HENRY), _Letters of Abelard and Eloïsa with an account of
their lives_. London 1807. 8ᵛᵒ.
7. FESSLER, _Abaelard und Heloise_. Berlin 1807. II Vol. 8ᵛᵒ.
8. SCHLOSSER, _Abaelard und Dulcin, Leben und Meinungen eines
Schwärmers und Philosophen_. Gotha 1807. 8ᵛᵒ.
9. FOLLIN, _Dissertatio de vita et scriptis P. Abælardi,_ _auctoris
philosophiæ scholasticæ vulgo habiti_. Lund. 1809. 8ᵛᵒ.
10. TURLOT, _Abailard et Heloïse, avec un aperçu du XIIᵉ siècle_.
Paris 1822. 8ᵛᵒ.
11. FEUERBACH, _Abaelard und Heloïse, oder der Schriftsteller und der
Mensch_. Ansb. 1833. 8ᵛᵒ.
12. VILLENAVE, _Abelard et Héloïse, leurs amours, leurs malheurs,
leurs ouvrages_. Paris 1834. 8ᵛᵒ.
13. GUIZOT (MELANIE), _Essai sur la vie et les écrits d’Abailard
et d’Héloïse, jusqu’au Concile de Sens, continuée jusqu’à la mort
d’Abailard et d’Héloïse, par François Guizot_. Paris 1839. 8ᵛᵒ.
_Suivie des lettres d’Abailard et d’Héloïse._ Paris 1853. 8ᵛᵒ.
14. WEYLAND, _Tableau Historique de la vie d’Abailard et d’Héloïse_.
Metz 1840. 8ᵛᵒ.
15. RÉMUSAT (CHARLES), _Abelard_. Paris 1845, II Vol. 8ᵛᵒ.
16. JACOBI (J. LUDWIG), _Abelard und Heloïse_; Vortrag am 23. Febr.
1850 im wissenschaftlichen Vereine gehalten. Berlin 1850. 8ᵛᵒ.
17. TOSTI, _Storia di Abelardo e di suo tempo, Napoli_.
18. _Nouveau recueil contenant la vie, les amours, les infortunes et
les lettres d’Abelard et d’Héloïse._ Anvers 1722. 12ᵐᵒ.
19. LENOIR (ALEXANDRE), _Notice historique sur les sépultures
d’Héloïse et d’Abelard, &c._ Paris 1814. 8ᵛᵒ.
20. _Lettres d’Héloise et d’Abelard._ Traduction nouvelle par le
bibliophile JACOB; précédée d’un travail historique et littéraire, par
M. VILLENAVE. 1864. Charpentier. 12ᵐᵒ.
WILLIAM TELL.
1. Chronicle of STUMPFF, published in 1606.
2. PETERMAN ETTERLIN, Chronicle printed at Basle in 1507.
3. FRANCIS GUILLIMAN, _De rebus Helveticis sive Antiquitatum libri V_,
Friburg 1598. 4ᵗᵒ.
4. GRÄSSER, _Schweizerisch Heldenbuch_. Basle 1626. 4ᵗᵒ.
He is the first who showed the resemblance between the legend of Tell
and that of Toko.
5. J. MÜLLER, _Geschichte der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft_.
The best edition is that of Leipzig 1825.
6. G. E. HALLER, _Bibliothek der schweizerischen Geschichte_, V, Vol.
4ᵗᵒ.
7. J. CH. ISELIN, _Historisches und geographisches allgemeines
Lexicon_. Basel 1727. Fol.
This author is not to be confounded with J. R. ISELIN who edited the
old chronicle of TSCHUDI, and who also examined the legend of Tell.
8. URIEL FREUDENBERGER, _Die Fabel von Wilhelm Tell_. A manuscript in
the Library of Berne, 1752.
To be also consulted a letter of the same to Haller, dated 25th June
1759.
9. L. HÄUSSER, _Die Sage vom Tell_. Heidelberg 1840. 8ᵛᵒ.
Of all the works on our subject, HÄUSSER’S is by far the most complete
and the most important.
10. J. J. HISELY, _Guillaume Tell et la Révolution de 1307_, Delft
1826. 8ᵛᵒ.
11. By the same: _Recherches critiques sur l’histoire de Guillaume
Tell_. Lausanne 1843.
Very interesting and impartial.
12. _Mémoire sur l’authenticité du trait d’héroisme attribué à
Guillaume Tell_, par BOURGON. Inserted in a volume of the Academy of
Besançon, published in 1830.
13. J. L. IDELER, _Die Sage von dem Schuss des Tell_. Berlin 1836. 8ᵛᵒ.
14. J. E. KOPP, _Urkunden zur Geschichte der eidgenössischen Bünde_.
Luzern 1835.
15. Professor ASCHBACH, In the _Heidelberger Jahrb. der Litter._ 1836.
16. FRED. SCHIERN, _Wanderung einer nordischen Sage, &c._ Copenhagen
1840.
In the first volume of: _Mémoires de la Société d’histoire de
Danemarc_.
PETRARCH.
1. A. MARSAND, _Bibliotheca Petrachesa, &c._ Milan 1826. 4ᵗᵒ.
This bibliography contains more than 800 works, which are collected in
the Library of the Louvre.
2. J. F. P. A. DE SADE, _Mémoires sur la vie de F. Pétrarque_.
Amsterd. 1764, III Vol. 4ᵗᵒ.
3. _Vie de F. Pétrarque, dont les actions et les écrits font une des
plus singulières époques de l’histoire et de la littérature moderne._
Vaucluse 1786. 8ᵛᵒ.
4. UGO FOSCOLO, _Essay on the love, the poetry, and the character of
Petrach_. London 1822. 8ᵛᵒ.
5. MAZZUCHELLI, _Vita del Petrarca, scritta da lui medesimo_. Brescia
1822. 8ᵛᵒ.
6. S. WESTON, _Petrarchiana, or additions to the visit of Vaucluse_.
London 1822. 8ᵛᵒ.
7. RASTOUL DE MONGEOT, _Pétrarque_. Paris 1836. 8ᵛᵒ.
8. CAMPBELL, _Life of Petrarch_. London 1841, II Vol. 12ᵐᵒ.
9. OLIVIER VITALIS, _L’illustre Châtelaine des environs de Vaucluse,
la Laure de Pétrarque. Dissertation et examen critique des diverses
opinions des écrivains qui se sont occupés de cette belle Laure_.
Paris 1842. 8ᵛᵒ.
10. CARLO LEONI, _Vita di Petrarca_. Padov. 1843. 8ᵛᵒ.
11. (GIULIO NONÈ), _Lettera intorno ad una biografia di F. Petrarca_.
Padov. 1845. 8ᵛᵒ. Critique de la vie de Pétrarque par G. M. BOZOLI,
Ferrar. 1845. 8ᵛᵒ.
12. RASTOUL DE MONGEOT, _Pétrarque et son siècle_. Brux. 1836, II Vol.
13. HENAUX, _Pétrarque à Liège_. Liège 1853.