MALAYS.
This was the first of the gigantic Asiatic breeds imported into this
country, and in height and size exceeds any fowl yet known. The origin
of the Malay breed is supposed to be the _Gallus giganteus_ of Temminck.
"This large and very remarkable species," says Mr. W. C. L. Martin, "is
a native of Java and Sumatra. The comb is thick and low, and destitute
of serrations, appearing as if it had been partially cut off; the
wattles are small, and the throat is bare. The neck is covered with
elongated feathers, or hackles, of a pale golden-reddish colour, which
advance upon the back, and hackles of the same colour cover the rump,
and drop on each side of the base of the tail. The middle of the back
and the shoulders of the wings are of a dark chestnut, the feathers
being of a loose texture. The greater wing-coverts are of a glossy
green, and form a bar of that colour across the wing. The primary and
secondary quill feathers are yellowish, with a tinge of rufous. The tail
feathers are of a glossy green. The under surface uniformly is of a
glossy blackish green, but the base of each feather is a chestnut, and
this colour appears on the least derangement of the plumage. The limbs
are remarkably stout, and the robust tarsi are of a yellow colour. The
voice is a sort of crow--hoarse and short, and very different from the
clear notes of defiance uttered by our farmyard chanticleer. This
species has the habit, when fatigued, of resting on the tarsi or legs,
as we have seen the emu do under similar circumstances."
In the "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" for 1832, we find the
following notice respecting this breed, by Colonel Sykes, who observed
it domesticated in the Deccan: "Known by the name of the Kulm cock by
Europeans in India. Met with only as a domestic bird; and Colonel Sykes
has reason to believe that it is not a native of India, but has been
introduced by the Mussulmans from Sumatra or Java. The iris of the real
game bird should be whitish or straw yellow. Colonel Sykes landed two
cocks and a hen in England in June, 1831. They bore the winter well; the
hen laid freely, and has reared two broods of chickens. The cock has not
the shrill clear pipe of the domestic bird, and his scale of note
appears more limited. A cock in the possession of Colonel Sykes stood
twenty-six inches high to the crown of the head; but they attain a
greater height. Length from the tip of the bill to the insertion of the
tail, twenty-three inches. Hen one-third smaller than the male. Shaw
very justly describes the habit of the cock, of resting, when tired, on
the first joint of the leg."
It is a long, large, heavy bird, standing remarkably upright, having an
almost uninterrupted slope from the head to the insertion of the tail;
with very long, though strong, yellow legs, quite free from feathers;
long, stout, firm thighs, and stands very erect; the cock, when full
grown, being at least two feet six inches, and sometimes over three feet
in height, and weighing from eight to eleven pounds. The head has great
fulness over the eye, and is flattened above, resembling that of the
snake. The small, thick, hard comb, scarcely rising from the head, and
barely as long, like half a strawberry, resembles that of a Game fowl
dubbed. The wattles are very small; the neck closely feathered, and like
a rope, with a space for an inch below the beak bare of feathers. It has
a hard, cruel expression of face; a brilliant bold eye, pearled around
the edge of the lids; skinny red face; very strong curved yellow beak;
and small, drooping tail, with very beautiful, though short, sickle
feathers. The hen resembles the cock upon all these points, but is
smaller.
Their colours now comprise different shades of red and deep chestnut, in
combination with rich browns, and there are also black and white
varieties, each of which should be uniform. The feathers should be hard
and close, which causes it to be heavier than it appears.
Malays are inferior to most other breeds as layers, but the pullets
commence laying early, and are often good winter layers. Their eggs,
which weigh about 2-1/2 ounces each, are of a deep buff or pale
chocolate colour, surpass all others in flavour, and are so rich that
two of them are considered to be equal to three of ordinary fowls. They
are nearly always fertile.
Their chief excellence is as table fowls, carrying, as they do, a great
quantity of meat, which, when under a year old, is of very good quality
and flavour. Crossed with the Spanish and Dorking, they produce
excellent table fowls; the latter cross being also good layers.
Malays are good sitters and mothers, if they have roomy nests. Their
chickens should not be hatched after June, as they feather slowly, and
are delicate; but the adult birds are hardy enough, and seem especially
adapted to crowded localities, such as courts and alleys. "Malays," says
Mr. Baily, "will live anywhere; they will inhabit a back yard of small
dimensions; they will scratch in the dust-hole, and roost under the
water-butt; and yet not only lay well, but show in good condition when
requisite." Like the Game fowl, it is terribly pugnacious, and in its
native country is kept and trained for fighting. This propensity, which
is still greater in confinement, is its greatest disadvantage. When
closely confined they are apt to eat each other's feathers, the cure for
which is turning them into a grass run, and giving them a good supply of
lettuce leaves, with an occasional purgative of six grains of jalap. The
Chittagong is said to be a variety of the Malay.