earth, or clay: that which has the firmness of a rock, foundation, support,
defence: (_Scot._) a distaff: a hard sweetmeat.--_v.t._ to throw stones
at.--_ns._ ROCK'-AL'UM, alum stone; ROCK'-AWAY, a four-wheeled North
American pleasure-carriage; ROCK'-BAD'GER, a ground-squirrel of North
America; ROCK'-B[=A]S'IN, a lacustrine hollow in a rock, excavated by
glacier-ice; ROCK'-BASS, a centrarchoid fish, the goggle-eye; ROCK'-BIRD, a
cock of the rock.--_adj._ ROCK'-BOUND, hemmed in by rocks.--_ns._
ROCK'-BREAK'ER, a machine for breaking stones for road-metal;
ROCK'-BUTT'ER, an impure alum efflorescence of a butter-like consistency
found oozing from some alum slates; ROCK'-CAN'DY, pure sugar in large
crystals: candy-sugar; ROCK'-CIST, a plant of the genus _Helianthemum_;
ROCK'-COOK, the small-mouthed wrasse; ROCK'-CORK, mountain cork, a variety
of asbestos; ROCK'-CRAB, a crab found at rocky sea-bottoms.--_adj._
ROCK'-CROWNED, surmounted with rocks.--_ns._ ROCK'-CRYS'TAL, the finest and
purest quartz, the name being generally applied, however, only to crystals
in which the six-sided prism is well developed; ROCK'-DOL'PHIN, the
sea-scorpion; ROCK'-DOVE, the rock-pigeon or blue-rock; ROCK'-DRILL, a
machine-drill worked by steam, &c.; ROCK'-EEL, a fish of the family
_Xiphidiontidæ_; ROCK'-ELM, an American elm; ROCK'ER, the rock-dove;
ROCK'ERY, ROCK'WORK, a mound made with pieces of rock, earth, &c. for the
cultivation of ferns, &c.; ROCK'-F[=E]'VER, intermittent fever; ROCK'-FIRE,
in pyrotechny, a composition of resin, sulphur, nitre, regulus of antimony,
and turpentine, burning slowly; ROCK'-FISH, a name applied to various
different varieties of wrasse, the striped bass, black goby, &c.;
ROCK'-GOAT, an ibex; ROCK'-HAWK, the merlin; ROCK'-HEAD, bed-rock;
ROCK'-HOP'PER, a curl-crested penguin; ROCK'IE (_Scot._), the rock-lintie
or twite; ROCK'INESS; ROCK'-LEATH'ER, rock-cork; ROCK'-LIL'Y, a tropical
American cryptogamous plant: a white-flowered Australian orchid;
ROCK'-LIM'PET, a limpet which adheres to rocks; ROCK'LING, a genus of
fishes of the cod family _Gadidæ_, of which several species frequent the
British seas; ROCK'-LIN'TIE (_Scot._), the twite: the ROCK'-LARK;
ROCK'-MAN'IKIN, a rock-bird; ROCK'-MOSS, lichen which yields archil;
ROCK'-OIL, petroleum; ROCK'-OU'SEL, the ring-ousel; ROCK'-OYS'TER, an
oyster-like bivalve; ROCK'-PI'GEON, a pigeon inhabiting rocks and caves:
the sand-pigeon; ROCK'-PIP'IT, the British tit-lark.--_n.pl._ ROCK'-PLANTS,
a term applied in gardening to a very miscellaneous group of plants which
by their habit of growth are adapted to adorn rockeries.--_ns._
ROCK'-PLOV'ER, the rock-snipe; ROCK'-RABB'IT, a hyrax; ROCK'-ROSE, a plant
of either of the genera _Cistus_ and _Helianthemum_ of the rock-rose family
(_Cistaceæ_); ROCK'-RU'BY, a ruby-red garnet; ROCK'-SALM'ON, the coal-fish:
an amber-fish; ROCK'-SALT, salt in solid form; ROCK'-SER'PENT, a venomous
Indian serpent, allied to the cobra; ROCK'-SL[=A]T'ER, a wood-louse;
ROCK'-SNAKE, a python or anaconda; ROCK'-SNIPE, the purple sandpiper;
ROCK'-SOAP, a deep-black mineral used for crayons, consisting of silica,
alumina, peroxide of iron, and water; ROCK'-SPARR'OW, a finch: the
ring-sparrow; ROCK'-STAR'LING, the rock-ousel; ROCK'-SWIFT, the
white-throated rock-swift of North America; ROCK'-TAR, petroleum;
ROCK'-TEM'PLE, a temple hewn out of the solid rock; ROCK'-THRUSH, any bird
of the genus _Monticola_ or _Petrocincla_; ROCK'-TRIPE, lichens of the
genus _Umbilicaria_; ROCK'-TROUT, the common American brook-trout:
sea-trout; ROCK'-V[=I]'OLET, an alga growing on moist rocks in the Alps;
ROCK'-WAR'BLER, a small Australian bird; ROCK'-WIN'KLE, a periwinkle;
ROCK'-WOOD, ligniform asbestos; ROCK'WORK (_archit._), masonry in imitation
of masses of rock: a rockery; ROCK'-WREN, a wren which frequents
rocks.--_adj._ ROCK'Y, full of rocks: resembling a rock: hard: unfeeling.
[O. Fr. _roke_, roche; prob. Celt., as in Gael. _roc_, W. _rhwg_, a
projection.]
ROCK, rok, _n._ a distaff.--_n._ ROCK'ING, an evening party in the country.
[Ice. _rokkr_; Ger. _rocken_.]
ROCK, rok, _v.t._ to move backward and forward: to lull or quiet.--_v.i._
to be moved backward and forward, to reel.--_ns._ ROCK'ER, the curved
support on which a cradle or rocking-chair rocks: a rocking-horse or chair:
a mining cradle; ROCK'-CAM, a cam keyed to a rock-shaft; ROCK'ING, a
swaying backward and forward: the abrading of a copper plate with a rocker,
preparatory to mezzo-tinting: the motion by which the design on a steel
mill is transferred to a copper cylinder; ROCK'ING-BEAM, an oscillating
beam in an automatic transmitter; ROCK'ING-CHAIR, a chair mounted on
rockers; ROCK'ING-HORSE, the figure of a horse, of wood or other material,
mounted on rockers for children: a hobby-horse; ROCK'ING-PIER, a pier
fastened by a movable joint so as to allow it to rock slightly;
ROCK'ING-STONE, a logan, or large mass of rock so finely poised as to move
backward and forward with the slightest impulse; ROCK'ING-TREE, in weaving,
the axle from which the lay of a loom is suspended; ROCK'-SHAFT, in
steam-engines, a shaft that oscillates instead of revolving.--_adj._
ROCK'Y, disposed to rock: tipsy. [A.S. _roccian_; cf. Dan. _rokke_, to
rock, Ger. _rücken_, to pull.]
ROCKEL, rok'el, _n._ (prov.) a woman's cloak.
ROCKET, rok'et, _n._ a firework which is projected through the air, used
for making signals in war, and for saving life at sea by conveying a line
over a stranded vessel.--_v.i._ to fly straight up rapidly when
flushed.--_ns._ ROCK'ET-CASE, a case for holding the materials of a rocket;
ROCK'ETER. [Old It. _rocchetto_; of Teut. origin. Cf. _Rock_, a distaff.]
ROCKET, rok'et, _n._ any one of several ornamental Old World herbs of the
genus Hesperis, of the mustard family. [O. Fr. _roquette_--L. _eruca_,
cole-wort.]
ROCOCO, r[=o]-k[=o]'k[=o], _n._ a debased style of architecture and
decoration in the 18th century, marked by endless multiplication of
ornamental details. [Fr., prob. from Fr. _rocaille_, rockwork.]
ROCTA, rok'ta, _n._ a medieval musical instrument, resembling the violin.
ROD, rod, _n._ a long twig: a slender stick: anything long and slender, as
a magic rod, a lightning-rod, a fishing-rod, &c.: an instrument of
correction: an emblem of power or authority: a pole or perch (5½ yards, or
16½ feet)--the square rod, generally called rood, is employed in estimating
masonry-work, and contains 16½ × 16½, or 272¼ sq. feet: (_fig._)
punishment: authority: oppression: (_B._) race or tribe: one of the layers
of rods composing the retina of the eye: any bar connecting parts of a
machine.--_v.t._ to furnish with rods, esp. lightning-rods.--_ns._
ROD'-FISH'ER; ROD'-FISH'ING, fly-fishing: angling; ROD'-LINE, a
fishing-line not wound on a reel; ROD'-MACHINE', in wood-working, a machine
for cutting cylindrical sticks such as broom-handles; ROD'-RING, one of the
rings along a fishing-rod through which the line runs; ROD'STER, an
angler.--NAPIER'S RODS (see NAPIERIAN). [A.S. _ród_; Dut. _roede_, Ger.
_ruthe_; L. _rudis_.]
RODDIN, rod'in, _n._ (_Scot._) rowan-tree.
RODE, r[=o]d, _pa.t._ of ride.
RODE, r[=o]d, _n._ (_Spens._) a raid, an incursion: also, a roadstead.
[_Road._]
RODENT, r[=o]'dent, _adj._ gnawing: belonging to the _Rodentia_.--_n._ a
rodent mammal.--_n.pl._ RODEN'TIA, an order of mammals including squirrels,
beavers, rats, rabbits, &c. [L. _rod[)e]re_, to gnaw.]
RODEO, r[=o]-d[=a]'[=o], _n._ a gathering of cattle to be branded. [Sp.,
_rodar_, to go round--L. _rot[=a]re_, to wheel.]
RODGE, roj, _n._ (prov.) the gray duck.--Also RADGE.
RODOMEL, rod'[=o]-mel, _n._ the juice of roses mixed with honey. [Gr.
_rhodon_, rose, _meli_, honey.]
RODOMONTADE, rod-[=o]-mon-t[=a]d', _n._ vain boasting, like that of
_Rodomonte_ in the _Orlando Furioso_ of Ariosto (earlier
ROD'OMONT).--_v.i._ to bluster or brag.--_ns._ RODOMONT[=A]'DIST,
RODOMONT[=A]'DO (_obs._).
ROE, r[=o], _n._ the eggs or spawn of fishes: a mottled appearance in wood,
esp. mahogany.--_adj._ ROED, containing roe. [Ice. _hrogn_; Ger. _rogen_.]
ROE, r[=o], _n._ a species of deer, smaller than the fallow-deer: also the
female of the hart.--_ns._ ROE'BUCK, the male of the roe, having usually
one front antler and two hinder ones; ROE'BUCK-BERR'Y, the stone-bramble;
ROE'-DEER, a roebuck or roe. [A.S. _ráh_; Ger. _reh_, Dut. _ree_.]
ROE-STONE, r[=o]'-st[=o]n, _n._ the same as _Oolite_ (q.v.).
ROG, rog, _v.t._ (_obs._) to shake.
ROGATION, r[=o]-g[=a]'shun, _n._ an asking: supplication.--_n.pl._
ROG[=A]'TION-DAYS, the three days before the festival of Ascension, the
Litany being anciently recited in procession then.--_ns._
ROG[=A]'TION-FLOW'ER, the milk-wort; ROG[=A]'TION-SUN'DAY, that before
Ascension-day; ROG[=A]'TION-WEEK, the week in which the rogation-days
occur.--_adj._ ROG'ATORY. [L.,--_rog[=a]re_, to ask.]
ROGER, roj'[.e]r, _n._ (prov.) ram: a rogue.--(SIR) ROGER-DE-COVERLEY, an
English country-dance.
ROGGAN, rog'an, _n._ (_prov._) a rocking-stone.
ROGGENSTEIN, rog'en-st[=i]n, _n._ a kind of oolite in which the grains are
cemented by argillaceous matter. [Ger., _roggen_, rye, _stein_, stone.]
ROGGLE, rog'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to shake.
ROGUE, r[=o]g, _n._ a dishonest person: a knave: a mischievous or
frolicsome person: a vagrant, a sturdy beggar: a wag: a playful person: a
plant that falls short of a standard.--_v.i._ to play the rogue.--_v.t._ to
cheat.--_ns._ ROGUE'-EL'EPHANT, one which lives solitarily, and is of
dangerous temper; ROGUE'-HOUSE, a lock-up; ROGUE'-MON'EY, an assessment
formerly levied in every county in Scotland for the expenses of catching
and prosecuting criminals; ROG'UERY, knavish tricks: fraud:
mischievousness: waggery; ROGUE'SHIP; ROGUE'S'-MARCH, music played when
drumming a soldier from a regiment, or driving any one away in
disgrace.--_adj._ ROG'UISH, knavish: mischievous: waggish.--_adv._
ROG'UISHLY.--_n._ ROG'UISHNESS.--_adj._ R[=O]'GUY (_obs._).--ROGUES'
GALLERY, a collection of photographs of criminals kept at police
headquarters. [O. Fr. _rogue_, proud; either from Bret. _rok_, proud, or
acc. to Diez, from Ice. _hrók-r_, proud.]
ROHAN, r[=o]'han, _n._ an East Indian timber-tree--called also _Red-wood_
and _East Indian mahogany_.
ROIL, roil, _v.t._ to render turbid: to vex: to rile: to salt fish with a
machine called a ROIL'ER--also ROYLE.--_adj._ ROIL'Y, muddy. [O. Fr.
_roeler_, _roler_, to disturb, cog. with _roll_; or O. Fr. _roille_--L.
_robigo_, rust.]
ROINISH, roi'nish, _adj._ (_Shak._) mangy, mean.--Also ROI'NOUS. [O. Fr.
_roigneux_--L. _robiginosus_, rusty--_robigo_, rust.]
ROIST, roist, ROISTER, rois't[.e]r, _v.i._ to bluster, swagger,
bully.--_ns._ ROIS'TER (_arch._), ROIS'TERER.--_adj._ ROIS'TEROUS.--_p.adj.
_ ROIS'TING (_Shak._), blustering, bullying. [O. Fr. _rustre_, a rough,
rude fellow--O. Fr. _ruste_--L. _rusticus_, rustic.]
ROITELET, roi'te-let, _n._ a petty king: (_ornith._) a kinglet or
gold-crest.
ROKE, r[=o]k, _n._ (_prov_.) mist: smoke.--_adj._ R[=O]'KY, misty, foggy.
ROKEAGE, r[=o]'k[=a]j, _n._ parched and sweetened Indian corn--also
R[=O]'KEE.--Also called _Pinole_.
ROKELAY, rok'e-l[=a], _n._ Same as ROQUELAURE.
ROKER, r[=o]k'[.e]r, _n._ the thornback ray.
ROLAND, r[=o]'land, _n._ a chivalrous hero, from _Roland_ in the
Charlemagne legend, slain by the Gascons at Roncesvalles in 778.--A ROLAND
FOR AN OLIVER, a blow for a blow, anything done or said to match something
else.
RÔLE, r[=o]l, _n._ the part performed by an actor in a play: any important
part played in public life. [Fr.]
ROLE, r[=o]l, _n._ an ancient unit of quantity, seventy-two sheets of
parchment.
ROLL, r[=o]l, _v.i._ to turn like a wheel: to turn on an axis: to be formed
into a roll or cylinder: to move, as waves: to be tossed about: to move
tumultuously: to be hurled: to rock, or move from side to side: to wallow:
to spread under a roller: to sound as a drum beaten rapidly: to move
onward.--_v.t._ to cause to roll: to turn on an axis: to wrap round on
itself: to enwrap: to drive forward: to move upon wheels: to press or
smooth with rollers: to beat rapidly, as a drum.--_n._ act of rolling: that
which rolls: a revolving cylinder making sheets, plates, &c.: a roller:
that which is rolled up--hence parchment, paper, &c. wound into a circular
form: a document: a register: a kind of fancy bread: the continued sound of
a drum, of thunder, &c.: a swagger or rolling gait.--_adj._ ROLL'-ABOUT',
podgy.--_ns._ ROLL'-CALL, the calling of the roll or list of names, as in
the army; ROLL'-C[=U]'M[=U]LUS, a form of strato-cumulus cloud; ROLL'ER,
that which rolls: a cylinder used for rolling, grinding, &c.: one of a
family of Picarian birds: a long, broad bandage: (_pl._) long heavy waves;
ROLL'ER-SKATE, a skate mounted on wheels or rollers for use on asphalt or
some other smooth surface.--_adj._ ROLL'ING, modulating: moving on wheels:
making a continuous sound.--_ns._ ROLL'ING-MILL, a place in which metal is
made into sheets, bars, rails, or rods, by working it between pairs of
rolls: a machine for rolling metal, &c., into any required form, or for
crushing materials between rollers; ROLL'ING-PIN, a cylindrical piece of
wood for rolling dough, paste, &c. to any required thickness;
ROLL'ING-PRESS, a press of two cylinders for rolling or calendering cloth;
ROLL'ING-STOCK, the stock or store of locomotive-engines, carriages, &c. of
a railway; ROLL'WAY, an incline: a shoot.--MASTER OF THE ROLLS, the head of
the Record-office. [O. Fr. _roler_, _roeler_ (Fr. _rouler_)--Low L.
_rotul[=a]re_--L. _rotula_, a little wheel--_rota_, a wheel.]
ROLLICK, rol'lik, _v.i._ to move or act with a careless, swaggering,
frolicsome air:--_pr.p._ rol'licking; _pa.p._ rol'licked.--_adj._
ROL'LICKING, careless, swaggering. [Prob. _roll_, with dim. suffix.]
ROLLOCK. See _Rowlock_.
ROLY-POLY, r[=o]l'i-p[=o]l'i, _n._ a pudding made of a sheet of paste,
covered with sweetmeats, and rolled up: a stout podgy person: an old game
in which balls are bowled into holes or thrown into hats placed on the
ground.--_adj._ round, podgy.
ROM, rom, _n._ a gipsy. [Gipsy _rom_, man, husband.]
ROMAGE, rum'[=a]j, _n._ (_Shak._) tumult. [_Rummage._]
ROMAIC, ro-m[=a]'ik, _n._ modern Greek, the language of the descendants of
the Eastern Romans: Hellenic.--_adj._ pertaining to the foregoing.--_n._
ROM[=A]'IKA, a modern Greek dance. [Fr. _Romaïque_--modern Gr.
_Rh[=o]maikos_--_Rh[=o]m[=e]_, Rome.]
ROMAL, r[=o]-mal', _n._ a braided thong of leather, serving as a horseman's
whip. [Sp. _ramal_--L. _ramale_--_ramus_, a branch.]
ROMALEA, r[=o]-m[=a]'l[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of large-bodied, short-winged
locusts. [Gr. _rh[=o]m[=e]_, strength.]
ROMAN, r[=o]'man, _adj._ pertaining to _Rome_ or to the Romans: pertaining
to the Roman Catholic religion, papal: (_print._) noting the letters
commonly used, as opposed to Italics: written in letters (as IV.), not in
figures (as 4).--_n._ a native or citizen of Rome: a Romanist in religion:
a Roman letter or type.--_adj._ ROMAN'IC, pertaining to Rome or its
people.--_n._ ROMANIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ R[=O]'MAN[=I]SE, to convert to the
Roman Catholic religion: to Latinise: to represent by Roman letters or
types.--_v.i._ to conform to Roman Catholic opinions or practices: to print
in Roman letters.--_n._ ROMAN[=I]'SER.--_adj._ R[=O]'MANISH, pertaining to
Romanism.--_ns._ R[=O]'MANISM, the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church;
R[=O]'MANIST, a Roman Catholic.--_adj._ ROMAN CATHOLIC.--_adj._
R[=O]'MANO-BYZAN'TINE, pertaining to an early medieval style of
architecture in which Byzantine and Western elements are combined.--_ns._
ROME'-PENN'Y, -SCOT, Peter's pence.--_adv._ ROME'WARD, toward the Roman
Catholic Church.--_adj._ R[=O]'MISH, belonging to Rome, or to the Roman
Catholic Church.--_n._ R[=O]'MIST.--ROMAN ARCHITECTURE, a style
characterised by the size and boldness of its round arches and vaults,
&c.--baths, aqueducts, basilicas, amphitheatres, &c.; ROMAN CANDLE, a
firework discharging a succession of white or coloured stars; ROMAN
CATHOLIC, denoting those who recognise the spiritual supremacy of the Pope
or Bishop of Rome--as a noun, a member of the Roman Catholic Church; ROMAN
CATHOLICISM, the doctrines and polity of the Roman Catholic Church
collectively; ROMAN CEMENT, a cement which hardens under water; ROMAN
COLLAR, a collar made of lawn or fine linen, bound and stitched, worn by
priests over a black collar, by bishops over a purple, and cardinals over a
scarlet; ROMAN EMPIRE, the ancient empire of Rome, divided in the 4th
century into the Eastern and Western Empires; ROMAN LAW, the civil
law.--HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (see HOLY). [L. _Romanus_--_Roma_, Rome.]
ROMANCE, r[=o]-mans', _n._ a general name for those modern languages in
southern Europe which sprang from a corruption of the Roman or Latin
language--Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal, French, Roumanian,
Romansch, &c.: a tale written in one of these dialects: any fictitious and
wonderful tale: a fictitious narrative in prose or verse which passes
beyond the limits of real life: a ballad.--_adj._ belonging to the dialects
called Romance.--_v.i._ to write or tell romances: to talk extravagantly:
to build castles in the air.--_ns._ ROMAN'CER, ROMAN'CIST.--_adjs._
ROMAN'CICAL (_Lamb_), dealing with romance; ROMAN'IC, Romance: derived from
the Roman alphabet. [O. Fr. _romans_--Low L. adv. (_loqui_) _romanice_, (to
speak) in the Roman or Latin tongue--L. _Romanicus_, Roman.]
ROMANESQUE, r[=o]-man-esk', _n._ that which pertains to romance:
(_archit._) the style of round-arched and vaulted architecture which
succeeded Roman architecture, from about the time of Constantine (c. 350
A.D.) till it was gradually superseded by Gothic in the 12th century: the
dialect of Languedoc. [Fr.,--Sp. _Romanesco_--L. _Romanicus_.]
ROMANSCH, r[=o]-mansh', _n._ the language spoken from the Grisons to Friuli
on the Adriatic.--Also RHÆ'TO-ROMAN'IC.
ROMANT, r[=o]-mant', _v.i._ to romance: to exaggerate.--_n._ a
romance--generally R[=O]MAUNT'.
ROMANTIC, r[=o]-man'tik, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling romance:
fictitious: extravagant, wild: fantastic: sentimental: imaginative.--_adv._
ROMAN'TICALLY.--_ns._ ROMAN'TICISM, the revolt from the severity,
pedanticism, and commonplaceness of a classical or pseudo-classical to a
more picturesque, original, free and imaginative style in literature and
art, marking the close of the 18th century: romantic feeling; ROMAN'TICIST;
ROMAN'TICNESS.
ROMANY, ROMMANY, rom'a-ni, _n._ a gipsy: the language of the
gipsies.--_adj._ belonging to the gipsies.--ROMANY RYE, a gentleman who
affects the society of gipsies. [Gipsy, _rom_, man.]
ROMERO, r[=o]-m[=a]'r[=o], _n._ the pilot-fish.
ROMIC, r[=o]'mik, _n._ a phonetic notation devised by Henry Sweet, based
upon the original _Roman_ values of the letters, supplemented by turned and
ligatured letters and diagraphs--in part a recasting of Ellis's Glossic.
ROMP, romp, _v.i._ to play noisily: to skip about in play.--_n._ a girl who
romps: rude frolic.--_adv._ ROMP'INGLY, in a romping manner: boisterously:
rudely.--_adj._ ROMP'ISH, fond of romping or noisy play.--_adv._
ROMP'ISHLY.--_n._ ROMP'ISHNESS. [Ramp.]
ROMPU, rom-p[=u]', _adj._ (_her._) fracted. [Fr.]
RONCADOR, rong'ka-d[=o]r, _n._ one of several sciænoid fishes of the
Pacific coast. [Sp.,--L. _rhonchus_, a snoring.]
RONCHIL. See RONQUIL.
RONDACHE, ron-dash', _n._ a buckler. [O. Fr. _rond_.]
RONDE, rond, _n._ (_print._) an angular writing-type.
RONDEAU, ron'd[=o], _n._ a form of poem characterised by closely-knit
rhymes and a refrain, and, as defined in the 17th century, consisting of
thirteen lines, divided into three unequal strophes--the two or three first
words of the first line serving as the burden, recurring after the eighth
and thirteenth lines--brought into vogue by Swinburne: (_mus._) a
rondo.--_ns._ RON'DEL, a form of French verse, earlier than the rondeau,
consisting of thirteen octosyllabic or decasyllabic lines on two
rhymes--practised by Charles of Orleans, &c.; RON'DELET, a poem of five
lines and two refrains; RON'DO, a musical composition of several strains,
during which the first part or subject is repeated several times--often
occurring as one of the movements of a sonata: the musical setting of a
rondeau: a game of hazard played with small balls; RONDOLET'TO, a simple
rondo. [Fr., from _rond_, round.]
RONDELLE, ron-del', _n._ anything round: one of the successive crusts
formed on molten metal when cooling, a rosette.--_n._ ROND'LE, a round,
step of a ladder (same as RONDELLE). [O. Fr., dim. of _rond_, round.]
RONDURE, ron'd[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a round, a circle, the globe. [Fr.
_rondeur_--_rond_, round.]
RONE, r[=o]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a shrub, a thicket.
RONE, r[=o]n, _n._ the gutter which collects the rain from the roof--a
dial. form of _rine_.
RONG, rong (_Spens._), _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ring.
RONGEUR, rong-zh[.e]r, _n._ a forceps for gouging bones.
RONIN, r[=o]'nin, _n._ a discharged Japanese samurai, an outcast or outlaw.
[Jap., lit. 'wave-man.']
RONION, RONYON, run'yun, _n._ a mangy, scabby animal or person. [Fr.
_rogneux_--_rogne_, mange.]
RONQUIL, rong'kil, _n._ a fish of the North Pacific.--Also RON'CHIL. [Sp.
_ronquillo_--_ronco_--L. _raucus_, hoarse.]
RONT, ront. Same as _Runt_ (q.v.).
RÖNTGEN RAYS. See X-RAYS.
ROOD, r[=oo]d, _n._ the fourth part of an acre, or forty perches--from the
rod used in measuring: a figure of Christ's cross, and often of the
crucifix, esp. that placed at the entrance to the choir in medieval
churches.--_ns._ ROOD'-BEAM (_archit._), a beam across the chancel of a
church for supporting the rood; ROOD'-LOFT, a gallery over the rood-screen;
ROODMAS-DAY, Holy-rood-day; ROOD'-SCREEN, an ornamental partition
separating the choir from the nave; ROOD'-STEEP'LE, a spire built over the
entrance to the chancel; ROOD'-TREE, the cross; H[=O]'LY-ROOD, a crucifix.
[Same as _rod_. A.S. _ród_.]
ROODEBOK, r[=oo]d'e-bok, _n._ the bush-buck. [Dut. _rood_, red, _bok_,
buck.]
ROOF, r[=oo]f, _n._ the top covering of a house or building: a vault or
arch, or the inner side of it: a house or dwelling: the upper part of the
palate: the loftiest part, the roof and crown of things: the top of a
subterraneous excavation: (_geol._) the overlying stratum.--_v.t._ to cover
with a roof: to shelter.--_ns._ ROOF'ER, one who roofs; ROOF'ING, covering
with a roof: materials for a roof: the roof itself: shelter.--_adj._
ROOF'LESS, without a roof: having no house or home: unsheltered.--_ns._
ROOF'LET, a small roof or covering; ROOF'-PLATE, a wall-plate which
receives the lower ends of the rafters of a roof.--_adj._ ROOF'-SHAPED,
shaped like a gable roof.--_ns._ ROOF'-ST[=A]'GING, a scaffold used in
working on an inclined roof; ROOF'-TREE, the beam at the peak of a roof:
the roof.--_adj._ ROOF'Y, having a roof or roofs.--FRENCH ROOF, a form of
roof with almost vertical sides; GOTHIC ROOF, a very high-pitched roof;
MANSARD ROOF (see MANSARD); SQUARE ROOF, one in which the chief rafters
meet at a right angle. [A.S. _hróf_; Dut. _roef_.]
ROOK, rook, _n._ a species of crow--from its croak: the ruddy duck: a
cheat: a simpleton.--_v.i._ to cheat.--_ns._ ROOK'ER, a swindler; ROOK'ERY,
a group of trees on which rooks build: a cluster of mean tenements: a
resort of thieves: a disturbance.--_adj._ ROOK'Y (_Shak._), inhabited by
rooks. [A.S. _hróc_; Goth. _hrukjan_, to croak.]
ROOK, rook, _n._ a castle or piece used in playing chess. [O. Fr.
_roc_--Pers. _rokh_.]
ROOKLE, r[=oo]k'l, _v.i._ to poke about like a pig. [_Rootle._]
ROOL, r[=oo]l, _v.t._ to raggle, to ruffle.
ROOM, r[=oo]m, _n._ space: a chamber: extent of place: space unoccupied:
freedom to act: fit occasion: place of another: stead: (_B._) a seat: a
particular place: a box in a theatre: office: the inner room of a cottage:
a garret.--_v.i._ to occupy a room, to lodge.--_adv._ (_naut._) off from
the wind.--_n._ ROOM'AGE, capacity.--_adj._ ROOMED, containing
rooms.--_ns._ ROOM'ER, a lodger; ROOM'FUL, as much or as many as a room
will hold.--_adv._ ROOM'ILY.--_n._ ROOM'INESS.--_adsj._ ROOM'-RID'DEN,
confined to one's room; ROOM'SOME, roomy.--_adv._ ROOM'Y, having ample
room: wide: spacious.--GIVE ROOM, to withdraw so as to leave space for
others; MAKE ROOM, to open a way. [A.S. _rúm_; Ger. _raum_, Dut. _ruim_.]
ROOM, r[=oo]m, _n._ a deep-blue dye.--Also ROUM.
ROON, r[=oo]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a rim or border.
ROOP, r[=oo]p, _v.i._ (_obs._) to roar.--_n._ hoarseness.--_adsj._ ROOP'IT,
ROOP'Y (_Scot._), hoarse. [A.S. _hrópan_, pa.t. _hreóp_; cf. Ger. _rufen_,
to cry out.]
ROOSE, r[=oo]z, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to praise highly. [M. E. _rosen_--Scand.,
Ice. _hrósa_, to praise.]
ROOST, r[=oo]st, _n._ a pole or support on which a bird rests at night: a
number of fowls resting together: (_Scot._) the inner roof of a
cottage.--_v.i._ to sit or sleep on a roost.--_n._ ROOST'ER, the male of
the domestic fowl, cock: any bird that roosts.--AT ROOST, roosting, asleep.
[A.S. _hróst_; Dut. _roest_.]
ROOT, r[=oo]t, _n._ the part of a plant which is fixed in the earth, and
which draws up sap from the soil: an edible root: anything like a root, a
growing plant together with its root: the bottom: a word from which others
are derived: the cause, occasion, or basis of anything: the source: the
lowest place: the first ancestor, or progenitor: (_math._) the factor of a
quantity which multiplied by itself produces that quantity: any value of
the unknown quantity in an equation which will render both sides of it
identical.--_v.i._ to fix the root: to be firmly established: to tear up:
to eradicate: to exterminate.--_v.t._ to plant in the earth: to implant
deeply.--_ns._ ROOT'AGE, the act of striking roots; ROOT'-BEER, a drink
made from roots of dandelion, sassafras, &c.; ROOT'-B[=O]R'ER, an insect
which bores the roots of plants.--_adj._ ROOT'-BOUND (_Milt._), fixed in
the earth by, or as by, the root.--_ns._ ROOT'-CAP, a cap-like layer of
cells at the tip of roots; ROOT'-CROP, a crop of esculent roots, esp. of
single-rooted plants, as turnips, &c.; ROOT'-DIG'GER, a form of tongs for
raising carrots, &c.; ROOT'-EAT'ER, any animal feeding habitually on
roots.--_adj._ ROOT'ED, firmly planted: fixed by the roots: deep-seated, as
a rooted dislike.--_adv._ ROOT'EDLY.--_ns._ ROOT'EDNESS; ROOT'ER.--_adj._
ROOT'-FAST, firmly rooted.--_ns._ ROOT'-F[=I]'BRIL, one of the fine
divisions of a root; ROOT'-FORM, a form assumed by an insect when feeding
on roots; ROOT'-GRAFT'ING, the process of grafting scions on a part of the
root of some appropriate stock; ROOT'-HAIR, a delicate filament developed
from a single cell.--_adj._ ROOT'-HEAD'ED, fixed as if rooted by the
head.--_ns._ ROOT'-HOUSE, a rustic-house: a storehouse for potatoes, &c.;
ROOT'-KNOT, an abnormal knot of a root.--_adj._ ROOT'LESS, destitute of
roots.--_ns._ ROOT'LET, a little root: a radicle; ROOT'-LOUSE, one of the
plant-lice; ROOT'-PAR'ASITE, a plant which grows upon, and derives its
nourishment from, the root of another plant; ROOT'-PRES'SURE, an upward
flow of sap, 'bleeding;' ROOT'-PULP'ER, a mill for grinding roots;
ROOT'-SHEATH, the sheath of the root of a hair or feather; ROOT'-STOCK
(_bot._), a prostrate rooting stem, either fleshy or woody, which yearly
produces young branches or plants: origin.--_adj._ ROOT'Y, abounding in
roots: rank.--ROOT AND BRANCH, completely; ROOT OF BITTERNESS, a dangerous
error drawing away to apostasy; ROOT OF THE MATTER, that which is
essential.--STRIKE, or TAKE, ROOT, to root, to become fixed. [Scand.; Ice.
_rót_; Dan. _rod_; Goth. _waurts_, A.S. _wyrt_.]
ROOT, r[=oo]t, _v.t._ to turn up with the snout.--_v.i_. to turn up the
earth with the snout.--_n._ ROOT'ER.--_v.t._ ROOT'LE. [A.S.
_wrótan_--_wrót_, a snout.]
ROPALIC=_Rhopalic_ (q.v.).
ROPE, showing method of construction.
[Illustration]
ROPE, r[=o]p, _n._ a thick twisted cord: a string consisting of a number of
things united, as a rope of pearls: anything glutinous and stringy: a local
lineal measure, 20 feet.--_v.i._ to fasten with a rope, to restrain: to
catch with a noosed rope: to tether: to enclose: to extend into a thread,
as by a glutinous quality.--_ns._ ROPE'-CLAMP, a pair of clamping jaws for
securing the end of a cord; ROPE'-DANC'ER, one who performs acrobatic feats
on a rope: a rope-walker; ROPE'-DRILL'ING, a method of boring holes in
which a rope is used; ROPE'-HOUSE, an evaporating-house in salt
manufacture; ROPE'-LADD'ER, a ladder made of ropes; ROPE'-MACHINE', a
machine for making ropes from yarn; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ER, R[=O]'PER, a maker of
ropes; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ING; ROPE'-POR'TER, a pulley to save the ropes of
steam-ploughs from friction; ROPE'-PULL'ING, the sport of pulling at a
rope, each party endeavouring to draw the other over a line; ROPE'-PUMP, a
machine for raising water by an endless rope; R[=O]'PER, a crafty fellow:
one who throws the lasso; ROPE'-RAIL'WAY, a cable-railway.--_adj._
ROPE'-RIPE, deserving to be hanged.--_ns._ ROPE'-RUN'NER, a railway
brakesman; R[=O]'PERY, a place where ropes are made; ROPE'-SPIN'NER, one
who spins ropes by a revolving wheel; ROPE'-STITCH, a kind of work in which
the stitches are laid diagonally side by side; ROPE'-TRICK, a juggling
trick in which a man is firmly tied with ropes from which he extricates
himself: (_Shak._) a trick deserving the gallows; ROPE'-WALK, a long narrow
shed used for the spinning of ropes; ROPE'-WINCH, a set of three whirlers
for twisting simultaneously the three yarns of a rope; ROPE'-YARN, a yarn
of many fibres for ropes.--_adv._ R[=O]'PILY.--_n._ R[=O]'PINESS,
stringiness: viscosity.--_adjs._ R[=O]'PING, R[=O]'PISH, R[=O]'PY, stringy,
glutinous.--ROPE IN, to gather in, to enlist; ROPE OF SAND, a tie easily
broken; ROPE'S END, an instrument of punishment.--BE AT THE END OF ONE'S
ROPE, to have exhausted one's powers or resources; GIVE A PERSON ROPE, to
allow a person full scope; ON THE HIGH ROPE, elated, arrogant. [A.S. _ráp_;
Ice. _reip_, Dut. _reep_, Ger. _reif_.]
ROQUELAURE, rok'e-l[=o]r, _n._ a short cloak worn in the 18th century.
[Fr.]
ROQUET, r[=o]-k[=a]', _n._ in the game of croquet, a stroke by which a
player strikes another's ball.--_v.t._ to make this shot. [Prob. formed
from _croquet_.]
RORIC, r[=o]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to dew: dewy--(_obs._) R[=O]'RAL.--_n._
RORID'ULA, a genus of polypetalous plants of the Sundew family.--_adjs._
RORIF'EROUS, producing dew; RORIF'LUENT, flowing with dew; R[=O]'RULENT,
full of dew: covered with bloom which may be rubbed off. [L. _ros_,
_roris_, dew.]
RORQUAL, ror'kwal, _n._ a genus of whales of the largest size. [Sw.
_rörhval_--_rör_, round, _hval_, whale.]
ROSACEOUS, r[=o]-z[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) pertaining to the rose family:
with the petals arranged like the rose.--_ns._ ROS[=A]'RIAN, a
rose-fancier; ROS[=A]'RIUM, a rose-garden; R[=O]'SA-S[=O]'LIS, a cordial
made with spirits and various flavourings.--_adj._ R[=O]'S[=A]TED, crowned
with roses. [L. _rosaceous_--_rosa_, a rose.]
ROSALIA, r[=o]-z[=a]'li-a, _n._ a form of melody in which a phrase is
repeated, each time being transposed a step forward. [It.]
ROSANILINE, r[=o]-zan'i-lin, _n._ a derivative of aniline: magenta:
roseine.
ROSARY, r[=o]'za-ri, _n._ the string of beads by which Roman Catholics
count their prayers: a series of devotions, aves, paternosters, and
glorias: a rose-garden: a chaplet: an anthology.--FESTIVAL OF THE ROSARY, a
festival on the first Sunday in October, commemorating the victory over the
Turks at Lepanto in 1571. [O. Fr. _rosarie_--Low L. _rosarium_--L. _rosa_,
a rose.]
ROSCID, ros'id, _adj._ dewy. [L.,--_ros_, _roris_, dew.]
ROSE, _pa.t._ of _rise_.
ROSE, r[=o]z, _n._ any shrub of the genus _Rosa_, having stems generally
prickly, flowers terminal, often corymbose, in colour white, yellow, pink,
or red: a flower of one of these shrubs: any one of various plants
resembling the true rose: a rosette: a perforated nozzle of a pipe, &c.:
light crimson, the colour of the rose: an ornamental tie: erysipelas:
(_her._) a conventional representation of the flower.--_v.t._ to
flush.--_n._ ROSE'-AC[=A]'CIA, the moss-locust, a tree with deep
rose-coloured flowers.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SEAL, like a rose in smell or colour;
R[=O]'SE[=A]TE, rosy: full of roses: blooming: red.--_ns._ ROSE'-BEE'TLE,
-BUG, a coleopterous insect about an inch long, which is destructive to
flowers, esp. roses: the rose-chafer; ROSE'-BERR'Y, the fruit of the rose:
a hip; ROSE'-BIT, a cylindrical bit, the oblique surface of which is cut
into teeth.--_adj._ ROSE'-BREAST'ED, having rose-colour on the
breast.--_ns._ ROSE'-BUD, the bud of the rose: a young girl; ROSE'-BURN'ER,
ROSETTE'-BURN'ER, a gas-burner in which the gas issues from a series of
openings arranged radially round a centre; ROSE'-BUSH, the shrub which
bears roses; ROSE'-CAM'PHOR, one of the two volatile oils composing
attar-of-roses; ROSE'-CAM'PION, a red flower, _Lychnis coronaria_;
ROSE'-CARN[=A]'TION, a carnation striped with rose-colour;
ROSE'-CH[=A]F'ER, an injurious beetle whose grubs destroy the roots of
strawberries, &c.; ROSE'-COL'OUR, the colour of a rose, pink: fancied
beauty or attractiveness.--_adj._ ROSE'-COL'OURED, having the colour of a
rose.--_n._ ROSE'-CROSS, a cross within a circle: a Rosicrucian.--_adj._
ROSE'-CUT, cut with a smooth, round surface, as a precious stone, and not
in facets.--_p.adj._ ROSED (_Shak._), crimsoned, flushed.--_ns._
ROSE'-D[=I]'AMOND, a diamond nearly hemispherical, cut into twenty-four
triangular facets; ROSE'-DROP, a rose-flavoured orange: a pimply eruption
on the nose caused by tippling; ROSE'-EN'GINE, a form of lathe combining
the rotary motion of the mandrel with a radial movement of the tool-rest;
ROSE'-FES'TIVAL, a festival celebrated on 8th June, at Salency in France;
ROSE'-FLY'CATCHER, an American fly-catching warbler; ROSE'-GALL, a gall
produced on roses by an insect; ROSE'-GER[=A]'NIUM, a house-plant with
rose-scented leaves; ROSE'-HAW, the fruit of the wild-rose: a
ROSE'-HIP.--_adj._ ROSE'-HUED, rose-coloured.--_n._ ROSE'-KNOT, a rosette
of ribbon or other soft material.--_adj._ ROSE'-LIPPED, having red
lips.--_ns._ ROSE'-MALL'OW, a plant of the same genus, but larger, and
having a finer flower than the common mallow, the hollyhock;
ROSE'-MOULD'ING (_archit._), a moulding ornamented with roses;
ROSE'-N[=O]'BLE, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a
rose, and current at the value of 6s. 8d. (see NOBLE, a coin).--_adj._
ROSE'-PINK, having a pink or rose colour: sentimental.--_n._ a crimson-pink
colour.--_ns._ ROSE'-QUARTZ, a transparent quartz; ROSE'-RASH (see
ROSEOLA).--_adjs._ ROSE'-RED, red as a rose; ROSE'-RINGED, with a collar of
red feathers, as a parrot.--_ns._ ROSE'-ROOT, a succulent herb, having a
rose-scented root; R[=O]'SERY, a place where roses are cultivated;
ROSE'-SAW'FLY, a sawfly which attacks the rose; ROSE'-TAN'AGER, the summer
red-bird; ROSE'-T[=O]'PAZ, an artificial colour of the true topaz produced
by heat; ROSE'-TREE, a standard rose; ROSE'-VIN'EGAR, an infusion made by
steeping roses in vinegar; ROSE'-WA'TER, water distilled from
rose-leaves.--_adj._ sentimental, as 'rose-water philosophy.'--_ns._
ROSE'-WIN'DOW, a circular window with its compartments branching from a
centre, like a rose; ROSE'WOOD, the wood of a Brazilian tree having a
fragrance like that of roses; ROSE'WOOD-OIL, oil obtained from rosewood;
ROSE'-WORM, the larva of a moth which feeds on the leaves of the rose, &c.;
ROSE'-YARD, a rose-garden.--_adj._ R[=O]'SIED, decorated with roses or the
colour of roses.--_n._ R[=O]'SIER (_Spens._), a rose tree or bush.--_adv._
R[=O]'SILY.--_n._ R[=O]'SINESS.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY, like a rose: red:
blooming: blushing: charming; R[=O]'SY-BOS'OMED, -COL'OURED;
R[=O]'SY-BRIGHT, bright like a rose: blooming.--_n._ R[=O]'SY-DROP, _acne
rosacea_: a grog-blossom.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY-FING'ERED, Homer's favourite
epithet of the dawn: with rosy fingers; R[=O]'SY-KIN'DLED, blushing with a
rosy colour; R[=O]'SY-MAR'BLED, marbled with rosy colour.--_ns._
R[=O]'SY-MARSH, -RUS'TIC, -WAVE, names of moths.--_adj._ R[=O]'SY-TINT'ED,
tinted of a rose-colour.--UNDER THE ROSE (L., _sub rosâ_), under the pledge
of secrecy, the rose being, among the ancients, the symbol of secrecy; WARS
OF THE ROSES, a disastrous dynastic struggle between the Houses of
Lancaster and York, which desolated England during the 15th century, from
the first battle of St Albans (1455) to that of Bosworth (1485). [A.S.
_róse_--L. _rosa_, Gr. _rhodon_.]
ROSELET, roz'let, _n._ the summer fur of the ermine.
ROSELITE, r[=o]'ze-l[=i]t, _n._ a mineral occurring in small red crystals,
being a native arseniate of cobalt. [Ger. _roselith_, from the mineralogist
Gustav _Rose_ (1798-1873), Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]
ROSELLA, r[=o]-zel'a, _n._ the Australian rose-parrakeet.
ROSELLE, r[=o]-zel', _n._ an East Indian rose-mallow.
ROSEMARY, r[=o]z'm[=a]-ri, _n._ a small fragrant evergreen shrub of a
pungent taste, growing in the countries round the Mediterranean--an ancient
emblem of fidelity. [O. Fr. _rosmarin_--L. _ros-marinus_--_ros_, dew,
_marinus_--_mare_, the sea.]
ROSEOLA, r[=o]-z[=e]'[=o]-la, _n._ a rash of rose-coloured patches.
ROSET, r[=o]'zet, _n._ a red colour used by painters.
ROSET, ros'et, _n._ (_Scot._) rosin.
ROSETTA-STONE, r[=o]-zet'a-st[=o]n, _n._ a slab of black basalt found at
_Rosetta_ in Egypt in 1799, having inscribed upon it, in hieroglyphics,
demotic or enchorial, and Greek, a decree in honour of Ptolemy V.--the
first clue to the decipherment of hieroglyphics.
ROSETTA-WOOD, r[=o]-zet'a-w[=oo]d, _n._ a handsome orange-wood used in
cabinet-making.
ROSETTE, r[=o]-zet', _n._ an imitation of a rose by means of a ribbon: a
form of knot: (_archit._) a rose-shaped ornament: a disc formed by throwing
water on melted metal.--_adj._ ROSET'TED.--RED ROSETTE, or button, the
rosette worn by officers of the Legion of Honour. [Fr., dim. of _rose_.]
ROSICRUCIAN, roz-i-kr[=oo]'shi-an, _n._ one of a secret society of the 17th
century, the members of which made great pretensions to an acquaintance
with the secrets of Nature, the transmutation of metals, power over
elemental spirits, magical signatures, &c.--_n._ ROSICRU'CIANISM. [Prob.
Latinised from Christian _Rosenkreuz_ ('rose cross,' L. _rosa_, rose,
_crux_, cross), the alleged founder in 1459; or from L. _roscidus_,
dewy--_ros_, dew, _crux_, _crucis_, a cross.]
ROSIN, roz'in, _n._ the solid left after distilling off the oil from crude
turpentine.--_v.t._ to rub or cover with rosin.--_adj._ ROS'INED.--_ns._
ROS'IN-OIL, an oil from pine resin for lubricating machinery; ROS'IN-WOOD,
any plant of the genus _Silphium_.--_adj._ ROS'INY, like or containing
rosin. [_Resin._]
ROSING, r[=o]'zing, _n._ the operation of imparting a pink tint to raw
white silk.
ROSLAND, ros'land, _n._ (_prov._) moorish land.--_n._ ROSS, a swamp.
ROSMARINE, roz'ma-r[=e]n, _n._ (_Spens._) a sea-monster supposed to lick
dew off the rocks: rosemary: the walrus. [_Rosemary._]
ROSMARUS, ros'ma-rus, _n._ the genus containing the walruses.
ROSMINIANISM, ros-min'i-an-izm, _n._ the philosophical system of Antonio
_Rosmini_-Serbati (1797-1855), founder of the Institute of the Brethren of
Charity--its fundamental conception, _being_ considered as the form of the
intelligence.--_n._ ROSMIN'IAN, a member of the foregoing.
ROSOLIO, ROSOGLIO, r[=o]-z[=o]'li-[=o], _n._ a red wine of Malta: a sweet
cordial from raisins. [Fr.,--It.,--L. _ros solis_, dew of the sun.]
ROSS, ros, _n._ the scaly matter on the surface of trees: (_Scot._) the
refuse of plants.--_v.t._ to strip the bark from.--_n._ ROSS'ING-MACHINE',
a machine for removing the bark of a tree. [Norw. _ros_, scale.]
ROSSIGNOL, ros'i-nyol, _n._ the nightingale. [Fr.]
ROSTELLARIA, ros-te-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of marine univalves.--_adj._
and _n._ ROSTELL[=A]'RIAN.--_adjs._ ROS'TELLATE; ROSTEL'LIFORM.--_n._
ROSTEL'LUM, any small beak-shaped process, as in the stigma of many
violets: the forepart of the head of tapeworms--also ROS'TEL. [L.
_rostellum_, a little beak.]
ROSTER, ros't[.e]r, _n._ the list of individuals, or corps, kept by the
various staff officers of the army to ensure the allotment of duties in
proper rotation: (_coll._) any roll of names. [Dut. _rooster_--L.
_register_, a list.]
ROSTRUM, ros'trum, _n._ in ancient Rome, an erection for public speakers in
the Forum, adorned with the beaks or heads of ships taken in war: the
platform from which a speaker addresses his audience: the snout of an
animal, or the beak of a bird: the beak of a ship, an ancient form of
ram:--_pl._ ROS'TRUMS, ROS'TRA.--_adjs._ ROS'TRAL, like a rostrum or beak;
ROS'TR[=A]TE, -D, beaked.--_n.pl._ ROSTRIF'ERA, a suborder of gasteropods,
with contractile rostrum or snout.--_adjs._ ROSTRIF'EROUS, having a
rostrum; ROS'TRIFORM, shaped like a rostrum; ROS'TRO-ANTEN'NARY, pertaining
to the rostrum and antennæ of a crustacean; ROS'TROID, resembling a
rostrum; ROSTROLAT'ERAL, situated alongside the rostrum.--_n._ ROS'TRULUM,
the mouth part of a flea. [L. _rostrum_, the beak--_rod[)e]re_, _rosum_, to
gnaw.]
ROSULA, roz'[=u]-la, _n._ a small rose: a genus of Echinoderms.--_adjs._
ROS'[=U]LAR, ROS'[=U]LATE, having the leaves in rose-like clusters.
ROT, rot, _v.i._ to putrefy: to become decomposed: to become morally
corrupt: to become affected with sheep-rot.--_v.t._ to cause to rot: to
bring to corruption:--_pr.p._ rot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rot'ted.--_n._
decay: putrefaction: a special disease of the sheep, as of the potato: a
decay (called _dry-rot_) which attacks timber: (_slang_) rant, bosh.--_ns._
ROT'-GRASS, the soft grass: the butterwort: the penny-rot; ROT'GUT, bad
liquor; ROT'-STEEP, the process of steeping cottons to remove impurities.
[A.S. _rotian_, pa.p. _rotod_; cf. Ice. _rotinn_, putrid.]
ROTA, r[=o]'ta, _n._ a wheel: a course: a school or military roll: an
ecclesiastical tribunal in the R.C. Church, consisting of twelve prelates
called auditors, having its seat at the papal court.--_adj._
R[=O]'TAL.--_n.pl._ ROT[=A]'LIA, the typical genus of _Rotaliidæ_, small
foraminifers of rotate figure.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'LIAN; ROTAL'IFORM;
R[=O]'TALINE.--_n._ R[=O]'TALITE, a fossil rotalian.--_adj._ R[=O]'TARY,
turning round like a wheel: rotatory: held in rotation.--_v.t._
R[=O]'T[=A]TE, to turn anything round like a wheel: to cause to turn or to
pass in rotation.--_v.i._ to turn round like a wheel: to go round in
succession.--_adj._ wheel-shaped.--_ns._ ROT[=A]'TING-RING, a band of
brass, &c., placed round a projectile to give it rotation; ROT[=A]'TION, a
turning round like a wheel: series or appropriate succession, as of crops:
recurrent order.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'TIONAL, R[=O]'T[=A]TIVE.--_adv._
R[=O]'T[=A]TIVELY.--_n._ ROT[=A]'TOR, any rotational agency: a muscle
producing rotatory motion.--_n.pl._ ROTAT[=O]'RIA, the
wheel-animalcules--also ROTIF'ERA.--_adjs._ ROTAT[=O]'RIAL, ROTAT[=O]'RIAN;
R[=O]'TATORY, turning round like a wheel: following in succession. [L.
_rota_, a wheel.]
ROTCHE, roch, _n._ the little auk, or sea-dove.--Also ROTCH'IE. [Prob. Dut.
_rotje_, a petrel.]
ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ the mechanical repetition of words without knowledge of
the meaning: a row or rank.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to learn by rote. [O. Fr.
_rote_, a track--Low L. _rupta_, a road--_rump[)e]re_, to break.]
ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ a musical instrument with strings.--_n._ R[=O]'TOUR. [O.
Fr. _rote_, a fiddle (cf. Old High Ger. _hrot[=a]_), from Celt.; W.
_crwth_, Gael. _cruit_.]
ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ the sound of the surf.
ROTELLA, r[=o]-tel'a, _n._ a disc, a round shield: a genus of gasteropods.
[Dim. of L. _rota_, a wheel.]
ROTHER, roth'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) roaring, lowing, denoting cattle
generally, or horned or black cattle.--_n._ ROTH'ER-BEAST. [A.S. _hrýther_,
an ox, a cow; cf. Ger. pl. _rinder_, horned cattle.]
ROTHESAY HERALD, one of the six Scottish heralds.
ROTIFER, r[=o]t'if-[.e]r, _n._ one of a class of minute aquatic animals,
popularly called wheel-animalcules, with an anterior equipment of cilia
whose movements suggest a rapidly rotating wheel:--_pl._
ROTIF'ERA.--_adjs._ ROTIF'ERAL; ROTIF'EROUS; R[=O]'TIFORM, wheel-shaped:
(_bot._) having a short tube and spreading limb. [L. _rota_, a wheel,
_ferre_, to carry.]
ROTL, rot'l, _n._ an Arabian pound of twelve ounces.
ROTONDE, r[=o]-tond', _n._ a ruff worn during the beginning of the 17th
century: a cope. [Fr.]
ROTOR, r[=o]'tor, _n._ a quantity having magnitude, direction, and
position. [_Rotator._]
ROTTEN, rot'n, _adj._ putrefied: corrupt: decomposed: unsound: treacherous:
fetid: friable, as rottenstone.--_adv._ ROTT'ENLY, in a rotten manner:
defectively.--_ns._ ROTT'ENNESS; ROTT'ENSTONE, a soft and earthy stone
powdered to polish brass, &c.--_v.t._ to polish with rottenstone. [_Rot._]
ROTTLERA, rot'ler-a, _n._ a genus of Indian euphorbiaceous plants now
included under _Mallotus_, yielding kamila (q.v.) dye.
ROTTOLO, rot'[=o]-l[=o], _n._ a Levantine weight. [It.]
ROTULA, rot'[=u]-la, _n._ the patella or knee-pan: one of the five radial
pieces in the dentary apparatus of the sea-urchin.--_adjs._ ROT'[=U]LAR;
ROT'[=U]LIFORM.
ROTUND, r[=o]-tund', _adj._ round: spherical: convexly protuberant.--_ns._
ROTUN'DA, ROTUN'DO, a round building, esp. with a dome, as the Pantheon at
Rome.--_adjs._ ROTUN'D[=A]TE, rounded off, specifically noting bodies
rounded off at the end; ROTUNDIF[=O]'LIOUS, having round leaves;
ROTUN'DIOUS, ROTUND[=O]'VATE (_bot._), egg-shaped.--_ns._ ROTUND'NESS,
ROTUN'DITY, globular form.--_adj._ ROTUND'-POINT'ED, bluntly pointed. [L.
_rotundus_--_rota_, a wheel.]
ROTURE, r[=o]-t[=u]r', _n._ in Canadian law, a grant made of feudal
property: plebeian rank in France.--_n._ ROTURIER (ro-tü-ri-[=a]'), a
plebeian. [Fr.,--Low L. _ruptura_, ground broken by the plough--L.
_rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]
ROUBLE. Same as RUBLE.
ROUCHED, rowcht, _adj._ wrinkled, puckered. [_Ruck_, a wrinkle.]
ROUCOU, r[=oo]'k[=oo], _n._ a dye--arnotto. [Fr.,--Braz.]
ROUÉ, r[=oo]-[=a]', _n._ a fashionable profligate: a rake, debauchee.--_n._
ROU'ERIE, debauchery. [A name given by Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of
France 1715-23, to his dissolute companions--Fr. _roué_, one broken on the
wheel--pa.p. of _rouer_--_roue_--L. _rota_, a wheel.]
ROUELLE, r[=oo]-el', _n._ a wheel-like amulet of the ancient Gauls,
intended to symbolise the sun.--_n._ ROUELLE'-GUARD, a guard having the
shape of a disc, as on some old daggers. [Fr.]
ROUEN-CROSS. See CROSS.
ROUGE, r[=oo]zh, _n._ a powder used to give artificial colour to the cheeks
or lips.--_v.t._ to colour with rouge.--_v.i._ to use rouge: to
blush.--_ns._ ROUGE'-BERR'Y, a shrub of tropical America, whose berries
supply a cosmetic; ROUGE'-DISH, a saucer containing a thin layer of dry
rouge; ROUGE-ET-NOIR, a modern game of chance, played by the aid of packs
of cards on a table covered with green cloth--also _Trente-un_ and
_Trente-et-quarante_.--ROUGE CROIX, one of the four pursuivants of the
English College of Heralds; ROUGE DRAGON, one of the pursuivants of the
Heralds' College. [Fr. _rouge_ (It. _roggio_, _robbio_)--L. _rubeus_, red.]
ROUGET, r[=oo]-zh[=a]', _n._ an infectious disease of swine.
[Fr.,--_rouge_, red.]
ROUGH, ruf, _adj._ not smooth: uneven: uncut: unpolished: unfinished:
boisterous: tempestuous: violent: harsh: severe: rude: coarse: disordered
in appearance: hasty, as a rough guess: stale: astringent: in Greek
grammar, marking the stronger aspiration, equivalent to Eng. _h_.--_n._
rough condition, crudeness: a piece inserted in a horse's shoe to keep him
from slipping: a bully, a ruffian, a rowdy.--_v.t._ to make rough: to
roughen a horse's shoes to keep him from slipping: to shape roughly: to
roughen.--_v.i._ to break the rules in boxing by too great violence.--_n._
ROUGH'AGE, coarse material for bedding cattle, &c.--_adj._ ROUGH'-BILLED,
having a rough, horny excrescence on the beak.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-CAST, to
mould in a rough, unfinished way: to form anything in its first
rudiments.--_n._ a rude model: a form in its rudiments: a kind of
semi-fluid mortar containing fine gravel, thrown in a thin coating on outer
walls.--_vs.t._ ROUGH'-CULL, to cull oysters hastily; ROUGH'-DRAFT, -DRAW,
to trace roughly; ROUGH'-DRY, to dry without smoothing.--_adj._ dry without
having been smoothed.--_v.t._ ROUGH'EN, to make rough.--_v.i._ to become
rough.--_n._ ROUGH'ER, a workman who shapes something preparatory to a
finishing operation: a piece of woollen cloth in preparation for
fulling.--_adjs._ ROUGH'-FOOT'ED, having feathered feet, as a grouse;
ROUGH'-GRAINED, coarse-grained.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-GRIND, to grind
roughly.--_n._ ROUGH'-HEAD, the iguanoid lizard.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-HEW, to hew
coarsely: (_Shak._) to give to anything the first appearance of form.--_n._
ROUGH'-HEW'ER.--_p.adj._ ROUGH'-HEWN, not yet nicely finished: unpolished:
unrefined.--_ns._ ROUGH'-HOUND, the dogfish: a kind of shark; ROUGH'IE
(_Scot._), dried heath; ROUGH'ING-MILL, a metal disc charged with wet
emery, &c., for grinding gems.--_adjs._ ROUGH'ISH, rather rough;
ROUGH'-LEGGED, having legs covered with feathers.--_adv._ ROUGH'LY,
coarsely: harshly: rudely.--_ns._ ROUGH'NESS, crudeness: rawness:
harshness: asperity: physical or mental rudeness: (_U.S._) fodder
consisting of dried corn-stalks: (_Scot._) plenty, esp. of food.--_adj._
ROUGH'-PER'FECT, of an actor when nearly perfect in the memorising of a
part.--_ns._ ROUGH'-RID'ER, one who rides rough or untrained horses: a
horse-breaker; ROUGH'-SCUFF, a coarse fellow: the rabble.--_adj._
ROUGH'-SHOD, shod with roughened shoes, as a horse in frosty weather.--_n._
ROUGH'-SLANT, a shed partially enclosed, for shelter.--_adj._ ROUGH'-SPUN,
rude, homely.--_ns._ ROUGH'-STRING, one of the supports for the steps of a
wooden stairway; ROUGH'-STUFF, coarse paint laid on after the priming, and
before the finish; ROUGH'-TAIL, a shield-tail snake.--_adj._
ROUGH'-TAILED.--_n._ ROUGH'-WING, a British moth: a rough-winged
swallow.--_adj._ ROUGH'-WINGED.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-WORK, to work over hastily
without attention to execution in detail--also _n._--ROUGH AND READY, rough
in manner but prompt in action; ROUGH AND TUMBLE, said of fighting in any
style or by any means: indiscriminate, confused, not too particular about
decorum, fairness, &c.; ROUGH DIAMOND (see DIAMOND); ROUGH IT, to take what
comes.--CUT UP ROUGH, to become quarrelsome or violent; IN THE ROUGH, in an
unwrought or rude condition; RIDE ROUGH-SHOD (see RIDE). [A.S. _rúh_,
rough; Ger. _rauch_, _rauh_, Dut. _ruig_.]
ROUGHT, rawt, an obsolete pret. of _reck_.
ROULADE, r[=oo]-lad', _n._ (_mus._) a melodic embellishment: a run.
[Fr.,--_rouler_, to roll.]
ROULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ an obsolete form of _roll_.
ROULEAU, r[=oo]-l[=o]', _n._ a roll of paper containing a certain number of
coins: a large piping or trimming: one of a bundle of fascines to cover
besiegers:--_pl._ ROULEAUX'. [Fr.]
ROULETTE, r[=oo]l-et', _n._ a little ball or roller: a game of chance
played on an oblong table divided into numbered and coloured spaces, and
having in the centre a rotating disc on which a ball is rolled until it
drops into one of the spaces, the player winning if he has staked his money
on that space or its colour: an engraver's tool: a cylindrical object used
to curl hair upon: (_geom._) a particular kind of curve. [Fr.,--_rouler_,
to roll.]
ROUM. See ROOM (2).
ROUNCE, rowns, _n._ a wheel-pulley in a hand printing-press: a game of
cards.
ROUNCEVAL, rown'se-val, _n._ (_obs._) a giant: anything large and strong:
the marrow-fat pea.
ROUNCY, rown'si, _n._ (_obs._) a common hackney: a nag: a vulgar woman.
ROUND, rownd, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to address in a whisper. [A.S. _runian_, to
whisper.]
ROUND, rownd, _adj._ circular: globular: cylindrical: whole: complete:
plump: large: not inconsiderable, as a sum: whole, unbroken:
smooth-flowing, continuous, as a sound: full, expressive: open: plain:
positive: bold, brisk, without hesitation or delicacy, plain-spoken:
candid, as a 'round unvarnished tale': severe: well turned, in a literary
sense: periodic: (_archit._) vaulted.--_adv._ on all sides: every way:
circularly: in a revolution: from one side or party to another: not in a
direct line, circuitously: in a round manner: from beginning to
end.--_prep._ around: on every side of: all over.--_n._ that which is
round: a circle or globe: a series of actions: the time of such a series: a
turn: routine: revolution: cycle: an accustomed walk: a rundle or step of a
ladder: a song or dance having a frequent return to the same point: a
volley or general discharge of firearms, a single charge of ammunition for
a musket or field-piece: that in which a whole company takes part, as a
treat of liquor, &c.: prescribed circuit, as a policeman's round: the whole
scope, as the round of science: one of a series, as rounds of applause: a
bout in a boxing match: a brewer's vessel for holding beer while undergoing
fermentation.--_v.t._ to make round: to surround: to go round: to complete:
to make full and flowing: to encircle: to make a course round.--_v.i._ to
grow or become round or full: to go round: to go the rounds, as a
guard.--_adj._ ROUND'ABOUT, encircling: circuitous: indirect.--_n._ a
horizontal revolving wheel on which children ride: a round-dance: a short
jacket.--_adv._ ROUND'ABOUTLY.--_ns._ ROUND'ABOUTNESS; ROUND'-ALL, an
acrobatic feat.--_adjs._ ROUND'-ARCHED, of a style characterised by
semicircular arches; ROUND'-ARM, in cricket, swinging the arm more or less
horizontally; ROUND'-BACKED, having a round or curved back:
round-shouldered; ROUND'-CREST'ED, fan-crested.--_ns._ ROUND'-DANCE, a
dance in a circle, or in which the couples wheel; ROUND'ER, one that
frequents a place: a tool for making an edge round: (_pl._) an English game
out of which base-ball grew, played with a small ball and a bat about two
feet long.--_adj._ ROUND'-FACED, having a round face.--_ns._ ROUND'-FISH,
the common carp: the shadwaiter; ROUND'HAND, a style of penmanship in which
the letters are well rounded and free; ROUND'HEAD, a Puritan, so called in
the time of Charles I. from the Puritan fashion of having the hair cut
close to the head.--_adj._ ROUND'HEADED.--_ns._ ROUND'-HOUSE, in ships, a
cabin or house on the after-part of the quarterdeck: on American railways,
an engine-house; ROUND'ING, in bookbinding, the shaping the folded and
sewed sheets into a convex form at the back; ROUND'ING-MACHINE', various
machines for producing round forms, as a machine for sawing out circular
heads for casks; ROUND'ING-PLANE, a woodworking tool for rounding the
handles of rakes, &c.; ROUND'ING-TOOL, an instrument used in forging for
rounding a rod: a kind of draw-plate in saddlery for shaping round leather
straps; ROUND'-[=I]'RON, a plumber's tool for finishing soldered
work.--_adj._ ROUND'ISH, somewhat round.--_ns._ ROUND'ISHNESS; ROUND'LE
(_Spens._), a roundelay; ROUND'LET, a little circle.--_adv._ ROUND'LY, in a
round manner: fully: completely: boldly: openly: plainly: briskly:
generally.--_adj._ ROUND'-MOUTHED (_zool._), having a mouth without any
lower jaw.--_n._ ROUND'NESS, quality of being round, globular, or
cylindrical: cylindrical form: fullness: smoothness of flow: plainness:
boldness: a kind of muff.--_n.pl._ ROUND'-NUM'BERS, an indefinite or
approximate statement of a number, as a population, say, of 10,000.--_v.t._
ROUND'-RIDGE, to plough into round ridges.--_ns._ ROUNDS'MAN (_U.S._), a
policeman who acts as inspector; ROUND'-STONE, small stones used for
paving; ROUND'-T[=A]'BLE, the group of twelve knights, the bravest of all
the throng, who form the centre of the mythical King Arthur's retinue,
sitting with the king at a round table; ROUND'-TOP, a round platform at the
mast-head.--_n.pl._ ROUND'-TOW'ERS, tall narrow circular towers tapering
gradually from the base to the summit, found abundantly in Ireland, and
occasionally in Scotland, now generally believed to be the work of
Christian architects and built for religious purposes.--_n._ ROUND'-UP, the
forming of upward curves: the bringing together of all the cattle in a
ranch: a finishing of an arrangement: the convexity of a deck.--_adj._
ROUND'-WINGED, having rounded wings, as some British moths.--_n._
ROUND'-WORM, one of a class of worms (_Nematoda_) in which the body is
elongated and more or less cylindrical, most of them parasitic--opposed to
the flatworms or _Plathelminthes_, such as tapeworms and flukes.--ROUND
ABOUT, in an opposite direction: an emphatic form of round; ROUND OF BEEF,
a cut of the thigh, through and across the bone; ROUND OFF, to finish
completely; ROUND TO, to turn the head of a ship to the wind.--ALL ROUND,
in all respects; BRING ROUND (see BRING); COME ROUND (see COME); SCOLD
ROUNDLY, to bring to book. [O. Fr. _roond_ (Fr. _rond_)--L.
_rotundus_--_rota_, a wheel.]
ROUNDEL, rown'del, _n._ anything of a round form or figure: a circle: a
ring-dance, a rondel.--_n._ ROUN'DELAY, a round: a song in which parts are
repeated: a dance in a ring. [O. Fr. _rondel_ (Fr. _rondeau_), dim. of
_rond_, round.]
ROUNDROBIN, rownd-rob'in, _n._ a name given to a protest signed by a number
of persons in a circular form, so that no one shall be obliged to head the
list. [Fr. _rond ruban_, round ribbon.]
ROUNDURE, rown'd[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._)=RONDURE.
ROUP, rowp, _n._ (_Scot._) a sale by auction.--_v.t._ to sell by auction.
ROUP, r[=oo]p, _n._ an infectious disease of the respiratory passages of
poultry.
ROUSE, rowz, _v.t._ to raise up: to stir up: to awaken: to excite to
anything: to put into action: to startle or start, as an animal: to work
about in salt, to roil.--_v.i._ to awake: to be excited to action.--_n._
the reveille.--_adv._ (_obs._) vehemently.--_adj._ ROUS'ANT (_her._),
starting up, as a bird in the attitude of rising.--_ns._ ROUSE'MENT, an
awakening religious discourse; ROUS'ER, one who, or that which, rouses,
anything astonishing.--_adj._ ROUS'ING, having power to awaken: great,
violent.--_adv._ ROUS'INGLY.--_adj._ ROUS'Y, noisy, riotous. [Scand., Sw.
_rusa_, Dan. _ruse_, to rush.]
ROUSE, rowz, _n._ a carousal: a bumper. [Scand., Sw. _rus_, drunkenness,
Ice. _rúss_; cf. Dut. _roes_, Ger. _rausch_.]
ROUSSETTE, r[=oo]-set', _n._ a fruit-eating bat: a dogfish. [Fr.]
ROUST, rowst, _v.t._ to stir up.--_v.i._ to move energetically.
ROUST, r[=oo]st, _n._ a current in the sea.--_v.i._ to drive strongly.
ROUSTABOUT, rowst'a-bowt', _n._ (_Amer._) a common wharf labourer: a
shiftless vagrant.--Also ROUS'TER.
ROUT, rowt, _n._ a tumultuous crowd, a rabble: a large party: a fashionable
evening assembly.--_n._ ROUT'-CAKE, a rich sweet cake for evening
parties.--_adjs._ ROUT'ISH, clamorous: disorderly; ROUT'OUS. [O. Fr.
_route_, a band--Low L. _rupta_, thing broken--L. _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_,
to break.]
ROUT, rowt, _n._ the defeat of an army or body of troops: the disorder of
troops defeated: a pack of wolves.--_v.i._ to assemble together.--_v.t._ to
put to disorderly flight: to defeat and throw into confusion: to conquer:
to drag out, or into the light.--PUT TO ROUT, to put to flight. [O. Fr.
_route_--L. _ruptus_, _rupta_, pa.p. of _rump[)e]re_, to break.]
ROUT, rowt, _v.i._ to roar like a cow: to snore: to howl like the wind.
[A.S. _hrútan_, to roar.]
ROUT, rowt, _v.t._ to root up, as a pig: to scoop out.--_v.i._ to poke
about--also WROUT.--_n._ ROUT'ER, a sash-plane, as ROUT'ER-GAUGE, for
inlaid work.--_v.t._ ROUT'ER, to cut out, leaving some parts in
relief.--_ns._ ROUT'ER-PLANE, a plane for the bottoms of rectangular
cavities; ROUT'ER-SAW; ROUT'ING-MACHINE', a shaping-machine for wood,
metal, or stone. [_Root._]
ROUT, rowt, _n._ the brent goose. [Ice. _hrota_.]
ROUTE, r[=oo]t, _n._ a course to be traversed: a line of march: road:
track.--_n._ ROUTE'-STEP, an order of march in which soldiers are not
required to keep step.--STAR ROUTE, in the United States, a post route by
means other than steam, the blank contracts for which have three groups of
four stars. [Fr.,--L. _rupta_ (_via_), 'a broken way.']
ROUTH, rowth, _adj._ (_Scot._) plentiful, abundant--also _n._--_adj._
ROUTH'IE, plentiful, well filled.
ROUTIER, r[=oo]-ti-[=a]', _n._ a French brigand of the 12th century: any
brigand or armed robber.
ROUTINE, r[=oo]-t[=e]n', _n._ course of duties: regular course of action:
an unvarying round.--_adj._ keeping an unvarying round.--_adj._ ROUTI'NARY,
customary, ordinary.--_ns._ ROUTINEER'; ROUTI'NISM; ROUTI'NIST. [Fr.]
ROUTLE, row'tl, _v.t._ (_dial._) to disturb: to root out.
ROUX, r[=oo], _n._ a mixture of melted butter and flour for soups, &c.
[Fr.]
ROVE, r[=o]v, _v.t._ to wander over: to plough into ridges.--_v.i._ to
wander about: to ramble: to range: to aim, as in archery, at some casual
mark: to be light-headed: to be full of fun.--_n._ a wandering.--_ns._
R[=O]'VER, one who roves: a robber or pirate: a wanderer: an inconstant
person: in archery, a person shooting with a long bow and arrow: an arrow
used by a rover: an irregular point to be aimed at: in croquet, a ball that
has gone through all the hoops; R[=O]'VERY; R[=O]'VING, the act of
wandering.--_adv._ R[=O]'VINGLY.--_n._ R[=O]'VINGNESS.--SHOOT AT ROVERS, to
shoot at random. [M. E. _rover_, a robber--Dut. _roover_, a pirate,
_rooven_, to rob--_roof_. The verb _rove_ is from the noun _roof_,
plunder.]
ROVE, r[=o]v, _v.t._ to draw through an eye: to bring wool into the form it
receives before being spun into thread: to ravel out thread: to undo what
has been knit: to card.--_n._ a roll of wool or cotton drawn out and
twisted.--_ns._ R[=O]'VING, the process of giving the first twist to yarn:
a slightly twisted sliver of carded fibre; R[=O]'VING-FRAME, a machine for
the manufacture of cotton and worsted; R[=O]'VING-MACHINE', a machine for
winding on bobbins; R[=O]'VING-PLATE, a scraper used for giving a
grindstone a true circular form; R[=O]'VING-REEL, a device for measuring a
hank of yarn. [Prob. a variant of _reeve_ or of _rive_.]
ROVE-BEETLE, r[=o]v'-b[=e]'tl, _n._ a brachelytrous coleopterous insect, as
the devil's coach-horse.--_n._ R[=O]'VER-BEE'TLE, a salt-water insect.
ROW, r[=o], _n._ a line: a rank: persons or things in a line.--_v.t._ to
arrange in a line. [A.S. _ráw_, _ráwe_; Ger. _reihe_, Dut. _rij_.]
ROW, r[=o], _v.t._ to impel with an oar: to transport by rowing.--_v.i._ to
work with the oar: to be moved by oars.--_n._ an excursion in a
rowing-boat.--_adj._ ROW'ABLE.--_ns._ ROW'BOAT, a boat moved by rowers;
ROW'ER; ROW'-PORT, a small square hole in small vessels near the water-line
for the oars in a calm. [A.S. _rówan_; Ger. _rudern_, Ice. _róa_.]
ROW, row, _n._ a noisy squabble: uproar: an outbreak: a brawl.--_v.t._ to
injure by wild treatment: to abuse, scold.--_v.i._ to behave in a riotous
way.--_adj._ ROW'DY, noisy and turbulent, given to quarrelling.--_n._ a
rough, disreputable fellow.--_n._ ROW'DY-DOW, a sustained noise or hubbub,
a row.--_adjs._ ROW'DY-DOW'DY, given to raising rows, uproarious;
ROW'DYISH.--_ns._ ROW'DYISM, the conduct of a rowdy or rough, turbulence;
ROW'ER, one given to quarrels. [Put for _rouse_ (q.v.).]
ROW, row, _n._ (_Scot._) a form of _roll_.--_n._ ROW'-CLOTH, a folding
cloak of warm cloth.
ROWAN, row'an, _n._ the mountain-ash, or quicken-tree, a British tree
belonging to the natural order _Rosaceæ_, whose acid fruit--ROWAN
BERRIES--is sometimes used for preserves.--Also ROAN-TREE. [Scand., Sw.
_röun_, Dan. _rön_, Ice. _reynir_.]
ROWEL, row'el, _n._ the little wheel in a spur, set with sharp points: a
little flat wheel or ring on horses' bits: a seton inserted in the flesh of
an animal.--_v.t._ to put spurs on: to apply the spur to.--_ns._
ROW'EL-HEAD, the axis on which a rowel turns; ROW'ELING-NEED'LE, a needle
used for inserting a rowel or seton; ROW'ELING-SCIS'SORS, a farrier's
instrument for inserting rowels; ROW'EL-SPUR, a spur having several
radiating points. [Fr. _rouelle_--Low L. _rotella_, dim. of L. _rota_, a
wheel.]
ROWEN, row'en, _n._ the aftermath, or second crop of hay: (_prov._) a
stubble-field.
ROWLOCK, r[=o]'lok, or rul'uk, _n._ a contrivance on the wale of a boat, to
rest the oar in rowing.--Also ROLL'OCK, RULL'OCK. [Prob. A.S. _árlóc_.]
ROWME, rowm, _n._ (_Spens._) room, space, place.
ROXBURGHE, roks'bur-[=o], _n._ a style of binding for books, with cloth or
paper sides, plain leather back, gilt-top, other sides untrimmed, named
from the Duke of _Roxburghe_ (1740-1804).
ROY, roi, _n._ (_obs._) a king. [O. Fr.,--L. _rex_, _regis_.]
ROYAL, roi'al, _adj._ regal, kingly: magnificent: illustrious: magnanimous:
enjoying the favour or patronage of the sovereign: of more than common size
or excellence.--_n._ a large kind of paper (19 by 24 in. for writing-paper,
20 by 25 for printing-paper): (_obs._) a royal person, a king: a gold coin:
a sail immediately above the topgallant sail: one of the shoots of a stag's
head: a small mortar: a tuft of beard on the lower lip, an imperial.--_n._
ROY'ALET, a petty king.--_v.t._ ROY'ALISE (_Shak._), to make royal.--_ns._
ROY'ALISM, attachment to kings or to kingly government; ROY'ALIST, an
adherent of royalism: a cavalier during the English civil war: in American
history, an adherent of the British government: in French history, a
supporter of the Bourbons--also _adj._--_adv._ ROY'ALLY.--_n._ ROY'AL-MAST,
the fourth and highest part of the mast from the deck, commonly made in one
piece with the topgallant mast.--_adj._ ROY'AL-RICH (_Tenn._), rich as a
king.--_n._ ROY'ALTY, kingship: the character, state, or office of a king:
majesty: the person of the king or sovereign: fixed sum paid to the Crown
or other proprietor, as on the produce of a mine, &c.: kingdom: royal
authority: a royal domain: (_Scot._) the bounds of a royal burgh.--ROYAL
BOUNTY, a fund from which the sovereign grants money to the female
relatives of officers who die of wounds; ROYAL CASHMERE, a thin material of
pure wool; ROYAL FERN (_Osmunda regalis_), the most striking of British
ferns; ROYAL HORNED CATERPILLAR, a large bombycid moth of the United
States; ROYAL HOUSEHOLD, the body of persons in the service of the
sovereign.--THE ROYALS, a name formerly given to the first regiment of foot
in the British army. [Fr.,--L. _regalis_, regal.]
ROYENA, roi'e-na, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the ebony family.
[From the 18th-century Dutch botanist Adrian van _Royen_.]
ROYNE, roin, _v.t._ to bite, to gnaw.--_adj._ ROY'NISH (_Shak._), scurvy,
mangy: mean. [O. Fr. _rogne_, mange--L. _rubigo_, rust.]
ROYNE, roin, _v.i._ to whisper, mutter.--Also ROIN, ROWND. [Cf. _Round_, to
whisper.]
ROYSTERER, roist'[.e]r-[.e]r, _n._ Same as ROISTERER.
ROYTISH, roi'tish, _adj._ (_obs._) wild: irregular.
RUB, rub, _v.t._ to move something over the surface of with pressure or
friction: to clean, polish, or smooth, by passing something over: to wipe:
to scour: to remove by friction (with _off_, _out_): to erase or obliterate
(with _out_): to touch hard, fret: at bowls, to touch the jack with the
bowl.--_v.i._ to move along with pressure, friction, or difficulty: to get
through difficulties: to grate, to fret:--_pr.p._ rub'bing; _pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ rubbed.--_n._ the act of rubbing: that which rubs: a collision: an
obstruction: difficulty: a pinch: a joke: a sarcasm: a flaw: a rubber at
cards.--_ns._ RUB'-A-DUB, the sound of the drum when beaten; RUB'-[=I]'RON,
a wheel-guard, or wheel-guard plate; RUB'STONE, a whetstone: a
coarse-grained sandstone used for sharpening instruments.--RUBBED WORK,
work in stone smoothed by rubbing with gritstone; RUB DOWN, to rub from top
to bottom; RUB IN, to force into the pores of by friction: to reiterate or
emphasise; RUB OUT, to erase; RUB THE WRONG WAY, to irritate by opposition;
RUB UP, to polish: to freshen the memory. [Most prob. Celt.; Gael. _rub_,
W. _rhwbio_, to rub, to grind.]
RUBASSE, r[=oo]-bas', _n._ a beautiful variety of rock-crystal. [Fr.,--L.
_rubeus_, reddish.]
RUBATO, r[=oo]-bä'to, _adj._ (_mus._) in modified or distorted rhythm.
[It., pa.p. of _rubare_, to steal.]
RUBBER, rub'[.e]r, _n._ one who rubs down horses: one who practises
massage: a coarse towel for rubbing the body: a piece of caoutchouc for
erasing pencil-marks, india-rubber: a brush for erasing marks of chalk: the
cushion of an electric machine: a whetstone, a file: an emery-cloth: an
overshoe: a rub, as 'One who plays with bowls must expect to meet with
rubbers': a contest of three games, as at whist--also the deciding game in
such a series.--_adj._ made of caoutchouc or india-rubber.--_ns._
RUBB'ER-CLOTH, a fabric coated with caoutchouc; RUBB'ER-DAM, a sheet of
caoutchouc used by dentists to keep saliva out of a tooth while being
filled; RUBB'ER-GAUGE, a device for measuring the amount of india-rubber
needed to make a given article; RUBB'ER-MOULD, a vulcanite mould used by
dentists in shaping the plates for artificial teeth; RUBB'ER-MOUNT'ING, in
saddlery, harness-mounting with vulcanite in imitation of
leather-work.--_n.pl._ RUBB'ERS, a disease in sheep, with great heat and
itchiness.--_ns._ RUBB'ER-SAW, a circular rotatory knife for cutting
india-rubber; RUBB'ER-STAMP, an instrument for stamping by hand with ink,
the letters, &c., being in flexible vulcanised rubber; RUBB'ER-TYPE, a type
cast in rubber; RUBB'ING, an application of friction: a copy of an
inscribed surface produced by rubbing heel-ball or plumbago upon paper laid
over it.--_ns._ RUBB'ING-MACHINE', a machine used in linen bleaching;
RUBB'ING-POST, a stone or wooden post set up for cattle to rub themselves
against; RUBB'ING-STONE, a gritstone for erasing the marks on a stone.
RUBBISH, rub'ish, _n._ waste matter: the fragments of ruinous buildings:
any mingled mass: nonsense: trash: trumpery: litter.--_n._ RUBB'ISH-HEAP, a
pile of rubbish.--_adj._ RUBB'ISHING, trashy: paltry.--_n._
RUBB'ISH-PULL'EY, a gin-block.--_adj._ RUBB'ISHY, worthless. [M. E.
_robows_, _robeux_--O. Fr. _robeux_, pl. of _robel_, dim. of _robe_,
_robbe_, trash, whence also _rubble_; cf. It. _roba_, rubbish, spoil.]
RUBBLE, rub'l, _n._ the upper fragmentary decomposed matter of a mass of
rock: water-worn stones: small, undressed stones used in coarse
masonry.--_ns._ RUBB'LE-STONE (same as RUBBLE): also (_geol._) a kind of
conglomerate rock; RUBB'LE-WORK, a coarse kind of masonry of stones left
almost as they come from the quarry, or only dressed a little with the
hammer.--_adj._ RUBB'LY. [O. Fr. _robel_, pl. _robeux_, dim. of _robe_,
_robbe_, _rubbish_; cf. It. _roba_, and the cognate _rob_.]
RUBECULA, r[=oo]-bek'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of birds, such as the robin
redbreast. [L. _rub[=e]re_, to be red.]
RUBEDITY, r[=oo]-bed'i-ti, _n._ ruddiness.--_adj._ RUBED'INOUS. [L.
_rubedo_, redness--_rub[=e]re_, to be red.]
RUBEFACIENT, r[=oo]b-e-f[=a]'shent, _adj._ making ruby or red.--_n._
(_med._) an external application which stimulates and consequently reddens
the skin.--_n._ RUBEFAC'TION, the effect or action of a rubefacient. [L.
_rub[=e]re_, to be red, _faciens_, _-entis_, _pr.p._ of _fac[)e]re_, to
make.]
RUBELLA, r[=oo]-bel'a, _n._ a contagious disease, with rose-coloured
eruption.--Also RUB[=E]'OLA, and _German measles_.
RUBESCENT, r[=oo]-bes'ent, _adj._ tending to a red colour.--_n._
RUBES'CENCE, a growing or becoming red: tendency to redness. [L.
_rubesc[)e]re_, to grow red--_ruber_, red.]
RUBIA, r[=oo]'bi-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, including the
madder.--_n._ RU'BIAN, a colour-producing matter of madder.--_adj._
RUBIAN'IC.--_n._ RU'BIATE. [L.,--_rubeus_, reddish, _rub[=e]re_, to be
red.]
RUBICAN, r[=oo]'bi-kan, _adj._ of a bay, sorrel, or black colour, with some
light-gray or white on the flanks: of a red predominant over gray colour.
[Fr.,--L. _rubric[=a]re_, to colour red.]
RUBICEL, RUBICELLE, r[=oo]'bi-sel, _n._ an orange or flame-coloured variety
of spinel.
RUBICON, r[=oo]b'i-kon, _n._ a stream of Central Italy, forming the
boundary in the republican period of ancient Roman history between the
province of Gallia Cisalpina and Italia proper.--PASS THE RUBICON, to take
a decisive, irrevocable step, as Julius Cæsar's crossing this stream, the
limit of his province--a virtual declaration of war against the republic.
RUBICUND, r[=oo]'bi-kund, _adj._ inclining to redness: ruddy.--_n._
RUBICUN'DITY. [Fr.,--L. _rubicundus_, very red--_rub[=e]re_, to be red.]
RUBIDIUM, r[=oo]-bid'i-um, _n._ a soft silvery-white metallic element. [L.
_rubidus_, red.]
RUBIFY, r[=oo]'bi-f[=i], _v.t._ to make red.--_adj._ RUBIF'IC.--_n._
RUBIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ RU'BIFORM. [Fr.,--L.
_rubefac[)e]re_--_rub[=e]re_, to be red, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
RUBIGO, r[=oo]-b[=i]'g[=o], _n._ a kind of rust on plants: mildew.--_adjs._
RUBIG'INOSE, brown-red; RUBIG'INOUS. [L., rust.]
RUBINE, r[=oo]'bin, _n._ an aniline dye.--_adj._ RUBIN'EOUS, of a glassy
semi-transparent crimson. [L. _rubeus_, red.]
RUBIRETIN, r[=oo]-bi-ret'in, _n._ a resinous colouring matter in madder.
[L. _rubeus_, red, Gr. _hr[=e]tin[=e]_, resin.]
RUBLE, ROUBLE, r[=oo]'bl, _n._ the unit of the Russian money system,
divided into 100 copecks--the present silver ruble is equivalent to 2s.
1½d. [Russ. _rubl[)i]_--_rubit[)i]_, cut off, prob. from Pers.
_r[=u]p[=i]ya_, a rupee.]
RUBRIC, r[=oo]'brik, _n._ the directions for the service, in office-books,
formerly in red letters: any heading, guiding, rule, &c. printed
conspicuously in red: a flourish after a signature: a thing definitely
settled: red ochre.--_v.t._ to enjoin services.--_adjs._ RU'BRIC, -AL,
agreeing with a rubric.--_adv._ RU'BRICALLY, over formally.--_v.t._
RU'BRICATE, to illuminate with red letters: to formulate as a
rubric.--_adj._ represented in red.--_ns._ RUBRIC[=A]'TION, that which is
illuminated; RUBRIC[=A]'TOR, one who rubricates; RUBRIC'IAN, one versed in
the rubric; RUBRIC'ITY, accordance with the rubric.--_adj._ RU'BRICOSE
(_bot._), marked with red.--_n._ RU'BRISHER (_obs._), a painter of
ornamental letters in early manuscripts. [L. _rubrica_, red earth--_ruber_,
red.]
RUBUS, r[=oo]'bus, _n._ a genus of rosaceous plants including the
raspberry, &c. [L., a bramble-bush.]
RUBY, r[=oo]'bi, _n._ a pure transparent red-coloured corundum, inferior in
hardness to the diamond only among gems: redness, anything red: (_her._)
the tincture red or gules: (_print._) a type smaller than nonpareil and
larger than pearl--5½ points in the new system: the red bird of Paradise:
the ruby hummer of Brazil.--_adj._ red.--_v.t._ to make red:--_pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ ru'bied.--_adj._ RU'BIED (_Shak._), red as a ruby.--_n._ RU'BINE
(_Spens._), same as RUBY.--_adj._ RU'BIOUS (_Shak._), ruby, red,
ruddy.--_ns._ RU'BY-BLENDE, a clear red variety of zinc sulphide: ruby
silver; RU'BY-TAIL, a gold-wasp, or cuckoo-fly.--_adj._ RU'BY-THROAT'ED,
like a humming-bird, with a ruby gorget.--_ns._ RU'BY-T[=I]'GER, a British
moth; RU'BY-WOOD, red sandalwood.--ROCK RUBY, a ruby-red garnet. [O. Fr.
_rubi_--L. _rubeus_--_ruber_, red.]
RUCERVUS, r[=oo]-ser'vus, _n._ a genus of East Indian _Cervidæ_.--_adj._
RUCER'VINE.
RUCHE, r[=oo]sh, _n._ a plaited frilling.--Also RUCH'ING. [Fr., prob.
Celt., Bret. _rusk_.]
RUCK, ruk, _n._ a wrinkle, fold, or crease.--_v.t._ to wrinkle, to crease:
to annoy, ruffle.--_v.i._ to have a folded, wrinkled, or ridgy surface.
[Ice. _hrukka_, a wrinkle.]
RUCK, ruk, _v.i._ to squat: to crouch down: to cower: to huddle
together.--_v.t._ to perch, to roost.
RUCK, ruk, _n._ a crowd: a press: the common run: trash, nonsense.--_v.t._
to gather in heaps. [Prob. Scand.; Old Sw. _ruka_, a heap.]
RUCK, ruk, _n._ a small heifer.
RUCKLE, ruk'l, _n._ (_Scot._) a rattling noise in the throat, as from
suffocation.--_v.i._ to emit such a sound. [Prob. cog. with Dut.
_rogchelen_, to hawk.]
RUCTATION, ruk-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of belching: eructation. [L.
_ruct[=a]re_, to belch.]
RUCTION, ruk'shun, _n._ (_slang_) a vexation: a disturbance: a rumpus.
[Prob. a corr. of _eruption_.]
RUD, rud, _n._ redness: blush: flush: red ochre for marking sheep.--_v.t._
to make red. [A.S. _rudu_, redness, _reódan_, to redden.]
RUD, rud, _v.t._ (_prov._) to rub: to polish.
RUDAS, r[=oo]'das, _n._ (_Scot._) a foul-mouthed old woman: a randy, a
hag.--_adj._ bold, coarse.
RUDBECKIA, rud-bek'i-a, _n._ a genus of composite plants, abundant in the
eastern and central United States, the cone-flowers. [Named from the
Swedish botanist Olaus _Rudbeck_ (1630-1702).]
RUDD, rud, _n._ the fish red-eye.
RUDDER, rud'[.e]r, _n._ the instrument by which a ship is rowed or steered,
its primitive form an oar working at the stern: that which guides anything:
a bird's tail-feather.--_ns._ RUDD'ER-BAND, a gearing with which the rudder
is braced when the ship is at anchor; RUDD'ER-BRACE, a strap to receive a
pintle of the rudder; RUDD'ER-BRAKE, a compressor for controlling the
rudder in a seaway; RUDD'ER-CHAIN, a strong chain often shackled to the
after-part of a rudder to prevent its loss; RUDD'ER-COAT, a covering of
tarred canvas used to prevent water rushing in at the rudder-hole;
RUDD'ER-FISH, the pilot-fish: the amber-fish: the barrel-fish.--_adj._
RUDD'ERLESS, having no rudder.--_ns._ RUDD'ER-POST, the shank of a rudder,
having the blade at one end and the attachments at the other;
RUDD'ER-STOCK, the blade of the rudder, connected by hinges with the
sternpost of a vessel; RUDD'ER-TRUNK, a casing of wood fitted into the
post, through which the rudder-stock is inserted; RUDD'ER-WHEEL, a small
wheel at the end of a plough helping to guide it. [A.S. _róther_; Ger.
_ruder_, an oar.]
RUDDER, rud'[.e]r, _n._ a riddle or sieve.--_v.t._ RUDD'LE, to sift
together: to mix, as through a sieve.
RUDDLE, rud'l, _v.t._ to interweave: to cross-plait, as in making
lattice-work. [_Raddle_.]
RUDDLE, rud'l, _n._ a species of red earth, red ochre: (_obs._)
ruddiness.--_v.t._ to mark with ruddle--also RADD'LE, REDD'LE.--_n._
RUDD'LEMAN=_Reddleman_. [A.S. _rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.]
RUDDOC, RUDDOCK, rud'uk, _n._ (_Spens._) the redbreast: a gold coin: a kind
of apple. [A.S. _rudduc_--_rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.]
RUDDY, rud'i (_comp._ RUDD'IER, _superl._ RUDD'IEST), _adj._ red: of the
colour of the skin in high health: rosy, glowing, bright.--_v.t._ to make
red.--_adv._ RUDD'ILY.--_ns._ RUDD'INESS; RUDD'Y-DIV'ER, -DUCK, an American
duck with wedge-shaped tail; RUDD'Y-RUDD'ER, the long-eared sun-fish. [A.S.
_rudig_, _rudi_--_rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.]
RUDE, r[=oo]d (_comp._ RU'DER, _superl._ RU'DEST), _adj._ crude:
uncultivated: barbarous: rough: harsh: ignorant: uncivil: not smoothed: of
low rank: mean: savage: brutal: ferocious: ill-bred: boorish: stormy:
robust: not in good taste.--_adj._ RUDE'-GROW'ING, rough: wild.--_adv._
RUDE'LY.--_ns._ RUDE'NESS; RUDES'BY (_Shak._), an uncivil fellow. [Fr.,--L.
_rudis_, rough.]
RUDENTURE, r[=oo]-den't[=u]r, _n._ the figure of a rope with which the
flutings of columns are sometimes filled.--_adj._ RUDEN'TED. [Fr.]
RUDERAL, r[=oo]'de-ral, _adj._ (_bot._) growing in waste places or among
rubbish.--_n._ RUDER[=A]'TION, the act of paving with small stones and
mortar. [L. _rudus_, rubbish.]
RUDESHEIMER, rü'des-h[=i]-m[.e]r, _n._ one of the white Rhine wines highly
esteemed--named from _Rüdesheim_ on the Rhine, opposite Bingen.
RUDGE, ruj, _n._ (_prov._) a partridge.
RUDGE-WASH, ruj'-wash, _n._ kersey cloth made of fleece wool as it comes
from the sheep's back.
RUDIMENT, r[=oo]d'i-ment, _n._ anything in its rude or first state: a first
principle or element: (_pl._) the introduction to any science: (_biol._)
that which is in its first stage of development: the beginning of any part
or organ, that which is vestigial, an aborted part.--_v.t._ to ground: to
settle in first principles.--_adjs._ RUDIMEN'TAL, RUDIMEN'TARY, pertaining
to, consisting in, or containing rudiments or first principles: initial:
elementary: undeveloped: (_biol._) beginning to be formed: arrested in
development.--_adv._ RUDIMEN'TARILY.--_n._ RUDIMENT[=A]'TION.
RUDMAS-DAY, rud'mas-d[=a], _n._ Holy Rood Day.
RUE, r[=oo], _n._ a plant of any species of genus _Ruta_, with bitter
leaves and greenish-yellow flowers--an emblem of bitterness and
grief--called _Herb of grace_: any bitter infusion.--_ns._ RUE'-ANEM'ONE,
an American wild-flower; RUE'-WORT, a plant of the rue family. [Fr.
_rue_--L. _ruta_--Gr. _rhyt[=e]_.]
RUE, r[=oo], _v.t._ to be sorry for: to lament: to repent of: to
compassionate: to try to withdraw from, as a bargain.--_v.i._ to be
sorrowful: to suffer: to have pity upon:--_pr.p._ rue'ing; _pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ rued.--_n._ sorrow.--_n._ RUE'-BAR'GAIN, a forfeit for withdrawing
from a bargain.--_adj._ RUE'FUL, sorrowful: piteous: deplorable: mournful:
melancholy.--_adv._ RUE'FULLY.--_ns._ RUE'FULNESS; RU'ING, repentance.
[A.S. _hreówan_, to be sorry for--_hreów_, sorrow; Ger. _reue_, Old High
Ger. _hriuwa_, mourning.]
RUELLE, r[=oo]-el', _n._ the space between the bed and the wall, a
bed-chamber where great French ladies held receptions in the morning in the
17th and 18th centuries. [Fr., a lane--L. _ruga_, a wrinkle.]
RUELLIA, r[=oo]-el'i-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, tropical and
American--the _manyroot_, _spiritleaf_, _Christmas-pride_ of Jamaica, &c.
[From the 16th-century French botanist, Jean _Ruel_.]
RUFESCENCE, r[=oo]-fes'ens, _n._ reddishness.--_adj._ RUFES'CENT. [L.
_rufesc[)e]re_, to grow reddish--_rufus_, red.]
RUFF, ruf, _n._ an ornament of frills formerly worn round the neck:
anything plaited: a bird belonging to the sandpiper sub-family of the Snipe
family, the male with an erectile ruff during the breeding season--_fem._
REEVE: a band of long hair growing round the neck of some dogs: (_mach._)
an annular ridge formed on a shaft to prevent motion endwise: a breed of
domestic pigeons: (_obs._) a display.--_v.t._ to pucker: to draw up in
folds: to ruffle, disorder: in falconry, to hit without trussing: (_Scot._)
to applaud by making noise with hands or feet.--_adj._ RUFFED, having a
ruff, as the ruffed grouse. [Prob. _ruffle_.]
RUFF, ruf, _n._ an old game at cards: the act of trumping when the player
has no cards of the suit left.--_v.t._ to trump in this way. [Perh. conn.
with It. _ronfa_, a card-game.]
RUFF, ruf, _n._ ruggedness.--_v.t._ to heckle flax on a coarse heckle: to
nap hats.--_n._ RUFF'ER, a coarse heckle for flax.--_adj._ RUFF'Y-TUFF'Y,
disordered, rough.--_adv._ helter-skelter, pell-mell.
RUFF, ruf, _n._ a low vibrating beat of a drum.
RUFF, ruf, _n._ a small fresh-water fish of the Perch family, abundant in
England, about six inches long, with only one dorsal fin.--Also _Pope_.
RUFFIAN, ruf'i-an, _n._ a brutal, boisterous fellow: a robber: a murderer:
a pander.--_adj._ brutal: boisterous: licentious: stormy.--_v.i._ to play
the ruffian, to rage.--_n._ RUFF'IANAGE.--_adj._ RUFF'IANISH, having the
qualities or manners of a ruffian.--_n._ RUFF'IANISM, conduct of a
ruffian.--_adjs._ RUFF'IANLY, like a ruffian: violent; RUFF'INOUS (_obs._),
ruffianly, outrageously. [O. Fr. _ruffian_ (Fr. _rufien_; It. _rufiano_),
prob. from Old Dut. _roffen_, _roffelen_, a pander.]
RUFFIN, ruf'in, _n._ (_Spens._) the ruff-fish.
RUFFLE, ruf'l, _v.t._ to make like a ruff, to wrinkle: to form into plaits:
to form with ruffles: to disorder: to agitate.--_v.i._ to grow rough: to
flutter.--_n._ annoyance: a quarrel: a plaited article of dress: a tumult:
agitation.--_adj._ RUFF'LED.--_ns._ RUFF'LEMENT; RUFF'LER, a machine for
making ruffles; RUFF'LING, ruffles generally.--RUFFLE ONE'S FEATHERS, to
make one angry. [Cf. Dut. _ruifelen_, to wrinkle, _ruyffel_, a wrinkle.]
RUFFLE, ruf'l, _v.i._ to act turbulently: to swagger.--_v.t._ to
bully.--_n._ RUFF'LER, a bully. [_Ruffian._]
RUFOUS, r[=oo]'fus, _adj._ reddish or brownish-red: having reddish
hair.--_adj._ RU'F[=U]LOUS, somewhat rufous. [L. _rufus_, akin to _ruber_,
red.]
RUG, rug, _n._ a coarse, rough woollen cloth or coverlet: a soft, woolly
mat: a cover for a bed: a blanket or coverlet: a covering for the floor: a
travelling robe: a rough, shaggy dog: a kind of strong liquor.--_n._
RUG'GING, heavy napped cloth for rugs: a coarse cloth for horse-boots.
[Scand., Sw. _rugg_; cf. _Rough_.]
RUG, rug, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to pull roughly.--_n._ a tug.--GET A RUG, to get
a haul at something desirable.
RUG, rug, _adj._ (_prov._) snug: warm.
RUGA, r[=oo]'ga, _n._ a fold: a crease: a corrugation.--_adj._ RU'GATE.
[L., a fold.]
RUGBY, rug'bi, _n._ the game of football according to the rules of the
_Rugby_ Football Union (1871), the sides numbering 15 each, played on
ground 110 by 75 yards.
RUGGED, rug'ed, _adj._ rough: uneven: shaggy: sour: stormy: grating to the
ear: wrinkled: ruffled: homely: unpolished: rough: ungentle: (_U.S._)
robust.--_adv._ RUGG'EDLY.--_n._ RUGG'EDNESS.--_adjs._ RUGG'Y, rough:
uneven; RUG'-HEAD'ED, shock-headed. [Scand.; cf. _Rug_.]
RUGINE, r[=oo]'jin, _n._ a surgeon's rasp, a nappy cloth.--_v.t._ to use a
rugine. [Fr.]
RUGOSA, r[=oo]-g[=o]'sa, _n._ an order of sclerodermatous stone corals.
RUGOSE, r[=oo]'g[=o]s, _adj._ wrinkled: full of wrinkles: (_bot._) having
the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of
the sage--also RU'GOUS.--_adv._ RU'GOSELY.--_n._ RUGOS'ITY.--_adj._
RU'G[=U]LOSE. [L. _rugosus_--_ruga_, a wrinkle.]
RUIN, r[=oo]'in, _n._ a rushing or falling down violently: destruction:
overthrow: that which destroys: the remains of a building demolished or
decayed (usually in _pl._): the state of being ruined: wreck, material or
moral.--_v.t._ to demolish: to destroy: to defeat: to impoverish: to bring
to ruin: to undo: to spoil: to seduce, debauch.--_v.i._ to run to ruin: to
fall into decay: to do irreparable harm.--_adj._ RU'INABLE (_Bacon_),
capable of being ruined.--_v.t._ RU'IN[=A]TE (_Shak._), to ruin, to
destroy: to demolish: to reduce to poverty.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to
fall:--_pr.p._ ru'in[=a]ting; _pa.p._ ru'in[=a]ted.--_adj._ (_obs._)
falling to ruin: ruined.--_ns._ RUIN[=A]'TION, overthrow: subversion;
RU'INER.--_adjs._ RU'INIFORM, having the appearance of ruins; RU'INOUS,
fallen to ruins: decayed: pernicious.--_adv._ RU'INOUSLY.--_n._
RU'INOUSNESS, the state or quality of being ruinous: mischievousness.
[Fr.,--L. _ruina_--_ru[)e]re_, to tumble down.]
RULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ government: a principle: a standard: a statute, a
maxim, formula, or order: an instrument used in drawing lines or making
calculations mechanically: a minor law, something established for guidance
and direction, esp. the regulations of monasteries, corporate societies,
&c.: the limits of a prison (esp. in _pl._): conformity to rule,
uniformity: in American parliamentary law, the regulations adopted by a
deliberative body for the regulation of its proceedings: (_gram._) the
expression of some established form of construction: the description of a
process for solving a problem: a general proposition, as 'Failure is the
rule, success the exception': (_law_) an order regulating the court:
(_print._) a thin strip of rolled brass, cut type high, used for printing:
in plastering, a strip of wood on the face of the wall as a guide to assist
in keeping the plane surface.--_v.t._ to dispose: to regulate: to dominate:
to govern: to manage: to prevail upon: to settle as by a rule: to establish
by decision: to determine, as a court: to mark with lines.--_v.i._ to
exercise power (with _over_): to decide: to lay down and settle: to stand
or range, as prices.--_adj._ RU'LABLE, governable: allowable.--_ns._
RULE'-CASE (_print._), a tray with partitions for rules; RULE'-CUT'TER
(_print._), a machine for cutting brass rules into short lengths;
RULE'-DRILL'ER, a teacher who teaches by rote; RULE'-JOINT, a pivoted joint
used by surveyors, &c.--_adj._ RULE'LESS, lawless.--_ns._ RULE'LESSNESS;
RULE'-MONG'ER, a stickler for rules; RU'LER, a sovereign: a governor: an
instrument used in drawing lines: in engraving, a straight steel bar
employed in engraving the lines; RU'LERSHIP; RULE'-WORK (_print._), work
with many rules, as tables of figures, &c.--_adj._ RU'LING, predominant:
prevailing: reigning.--_n._ the determination by a judge, esp. an oral
decision: the act of making ruled lines.--_n._ RU'LING-EN'GINE, a machine
for ruling diffraction gratings.--_adv._ RU'LINGLY.--_ns._
RU'LING-MACHINE', a machine used by engravers for ruling in flat tints: a
machine for ruling parallel coloured lines upon writing-paper; RU'LING-PEN,
a form of pen for drawing lines of even thickness; SLID'ING-RULE, a rule
having one or more scales which slide over others for the purpose of
facilitating calculations.--RULE OF FAITH, not the sum of the Christian
faith as laid down in creeds and confessions, but, in polemical theology,
the sources whence the doctrines of the faith are to be authoritatively
derived--the Scriptures, the tradition of the Church, the teaching of the
Fathers, &c.; RULE OF THE ROAD, the regulations to be observed in the
movements of conveyances either on land or at sea--thus in England drivers,
riders, and cyclists take the left side in meeting, and the right in
passing; RULE OF THREE, the method of finding the fourth term when three
are given; RULE OF THUMB, any rough process of measurement.--A RULE TO SHOW
CAUSE, or A RULE NISI, a rule which is conditional (see NISI); As a rule,
on the whole; ONE HOUR RULE, a rule prohibiting members of the United
States House of Representatives speaking more than an hour. [O. Fr. _reule_
(Fr. _règle_)--L. _regula_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.]
RULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ revelry.--_v.i._ to revel. [_Revel._]
RULLION, rul'yon, _n._ a shoe made of untanned leather: a coarse woman:
(_Scot._) an ill-conditioned beast. [A.S. _rifeling_, a kind of shoe.]
RUM, rum, _n._ a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of the
sugar-cane, or from molasses.--_ns._ RUM'-BARGE, a warm drink;
RUM'-BLOSS'OM, -BUD, a pimple on the nose; RUM'-CHERR'Y, the wild black
cherry of North America; RUM'-SELL'ER (_U.S._), the keeper of a rum-shop;
RUM'-SHOP; RUM'-SHRUB, a liqueur of rum, sugar, lime or lemon juice, &c.
[Abbrev. of _rumbullion_; prob. related to _rumble_.]
RUM, rum, _adj._ good: queer, droll, odd.--_n._ any odd person or
thing.--_adv._ RUM'LY, finely (used ironically). [A Gipsy word, _rom_, a
husband.]
RUMAL, r[=oo]'mal, _n._ a handkerchief: a small shawl or veil.--Also
ROO'MAL, RO'MAL. [Hind.]
RUMBLE, rum'bl, _v.i._ to make a confused noise from rolling heavily: to
roll about.--_v.t._ to rattle.--_n._ a low, heavy, continued sound: a
jarring roar, rumour: confusion: a seat for servants behind a carriage: a
revolving box in which articles are polished by mutual attrition.--_ns._
RUM'BLER; RUM'BLE-TUM'BLE, a rumble-seat; RUM'BLING, a low, heavy,
continued sound.--_adv._ RUM'BLINGLY. [Teut.; found in Dut. _rommelen_,
_rummeln_.]
RUMBO, rum'b[=o], _n._ a strong liquor.--_n._ RUMBOOZE', a tipple: a mixed
drink. [_Rum._]
RUMBULLION, rum-bul'yon, _n._ a great tumult: a strong liquor.--Also
RUMBOUL'ING.
RUMEN, r[=oo]'men, _n._ the paunch and first stomach of a ruminant:--_pl._
RU'MINA. [L.]
RUMEX, r[=oo]'meks, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants to which belong dock
and sorrel, &c.
RUMFUSTIAN, rum-fus'tyan, _n._ a hot drink of sherry, eggs, &c.
RUMGUMPTION, rum-gump'shun, _n._ (_Scot._) rough and homely common-sense:
shrewdness of intellect--also RUM'BLEGUMP'TION.--_adj._ RUMGUMP'TIOUS,
shrewd: sharp.
RUMINANT, r[=oo]'mi-nant, _adj._ having the power of ruminating or chewing
the cud--also RU'MINAL.--_n._ an animal that chews the cud, as the ox,
&c.--_n.pl._ RUMINAN'TIA, the even-toed or Artiodactyl Ungulates, which
chew the cud--the _Tragulidæ_, often called musk-deer; the _Cotylophora_,
including antelopes, sheep, goats, oxen, giraffes, deer; the _Camelidæ_, or
camels and llamas.--_adv._ RU'MINANTLY.--_v.i._ RU'MIN[=A]TE, to chew the
cud: to meditate.--_v.t._ to chew over again: to muse on.--_adj._ (_bot._)
appearing as if chewed, as in the nutmeg, &c.--_adv._
RU'MIN[=A]TINGLY.--_n._ RUMIN[=A]'TION, act of chewing the cud: calm
reflection.--_adj._ RU'MINATIVE, well-considered.--_n._ RU'MIN[=A]TOR. [L.
_rumin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_rumen_, the gullet.]
RUMKIN, rum'kin, _n._ (_obs._) a kind of drinking-vessel.
RUMKIN, rum'kin, _n._ a tailless fowl.
RUMMAGE, rum'[=a]j, _v.t._ to turn things over in search: to clear a ship's
hold of goods: to pack: to stow closely: to ransack: to explore: to bring
to light: to stir.--_v.i._ to make a search.--_n._ a careful search: an
upheaval.--_n._ RUMM'AGER.--RUMMAGE SALE, a sale of unclaimed goods.
[_Room-age._]
RUMMER, rum'[.e]r, _n._ a large drinking-glass. [Dut. _roemer_; Ger.
_römer_--prob. from such being used in the _Römersaal_ at Frankfurt.]
RUMMY, rum'i, _adj._ rum: queer.
RUMOUR, r[=oo]'mur, _n._ flying report; a current story.--_v.t._ to report:
to circulate by report.--_adj._ RU'MOROUS, vaguely heard.--_n._ RU'MOURER
(_Shak._), a reporter, a spreader of news. [Fr.,--L. _rumor_, a noise.]
RUMP, rump, _n._ the end of the backbone of an animal with the parts
adjacent.--_n._ RUM'PER.--_adj._ RUMP'-FED (_Shak._), fattened in the rump,
fat-bottomed.--_adj._ RUMP'LESS, having no tail.--_ns._ RUMP'-POST, the
share bone or pygostyle of a bird; RUMP'-STEAK, steak cut from the thigh
near the rump.--THE RUMP, the remnant of the Long Parliament, after Col.
Pryde's expulsion of about a hundred Presbyterian royalist members. [Ice.
_rumpr_, Ger. _rumpf_, Dut. _rumpe_.]
RUMPLE, rum'pl, _v.t._ to crush out of shape: to make uneven.--_n._ a fold
or wrinkle. [A variant of _rimple_. A.S. _hrimpan_, to wrinkle; Dut.
_rompelen_.]
RUMPUS, rum'pus, _n._ an uproar: a disturbance.
RUMSWIZZLE, rum'swiz'l, _n._ a cloth made in Ireland from pure wool undyed.
RUN, run, _v.i._ to move swiftly on the legs, to hasten, rush on: to move,
travel, ply regularly to: to pass by: to have a certain form: (_law_) to
have legal authority: to be current, as money: to average: to reach, have
course in any direction: to make a fault, to slip, as thread in knitting:
to stand as a candidate: to pass from one state to another: to pass quickly
in thought, to dwell repeatedly upon in thought: to continue in operation,
be in constant motion, to be carried, to extend: to move swiftly: to pass
quickly on the ground: to flee: to go, as ships, &c.: to have course in any
direction, to extend, spread: to flow: to dart: to turn: to extend through
a period: to pierce: to fuse or melt: to turn or rotate: to be busied: to
become: to be in force: to discharge matter, as a sore: to have a general
tendency: to pass, fall: to creep: to press with immediate demands for
payment, as a bank.--_v.t._ to cause to move swiftly, to keep running: to
force forward: to push: to cause to pass: to fuse: to discharge, as a sore:
to pursue in thought: to incur: to pour forth: to execute: to chase: to
break through, as to run the blockade: to pierce: to sew: to fish in: to
evade: to manage: to tease:--_pr.p._ run'ning; _pa.t._ ran; _pa.p._ run, as
'_run_ brandy,' that which has been smuggled in.--_n._ act of running:
course: flow: discharge from a sore: distance sailed: voyage: continued
series: general reception: prevalence: popular clamour: an unusual
pressure, as on a bank, for payment: a trip: the run of events: a small
stream: the quantity run: the act of migrating: in base-ball, the complete
circuit made by the player which enables him to score one: in cricket, a
passing from one wicket to another, by which one point is scored: a range
of pasturage: a pair of millstones: the aftermost part of a ship's bottom:
(_mus._) a succession of consecutive notes: a roulade.--_ns._ RUN'ABOUT, a
gadabout: a vagabond: an open wagon; RUN'AWAY, one who runs away from
danger or restraint: a fugitive.--_adj._ fleeing from danger or restraint:
done by or in flight.--_ns._ RUN'LET, RUN'NEL, a little run or stream: a
brook; RUN'MAN, a deserter from a ship-of-war; RUN'NER, one who, or that
which, runs: a racer: a messenger, agent, one employed to solicit
patronage: a rooting stem that runs along the ground: a rope to increase
the power of a tackle: a deserter: a smuggler: a manager of an engine: a
Bow Street officer: in saddlery, a loop of metal through which a rein is
passed: that on which anything slides: in moulding, a channel cut in a
mould: the rotating-stone of a grinding-mill: the movable piece to which
the ribs of an umbrella are attached: a tool in which lenses are fastened
for polishing: a vessel for conveying fish, oysters, &c.--_adj._ RUN'NING,
kept for the race: successive: continuous: flowing: easy: cursive:
discharging matter.--_prep._ (_coll._) approaching or about.--_n._ act of
moving swiftly: that which runs or flows, the quantity run: a discharge
from a wound: the act of one who risks dangers, as in running a blockade:
strength to run: the ranging of any animal.--_n._ RUN'NING-BLOCK, a block
in an arrangement of pulleys.--_n.pl._ RUN'NING-DAYS, the days occupied on
a voyage, &c., under a charter, including Sundays.--_ns._ RUN'NING-FIGHT, a
fight kept up between one party that flees and another that pursues;
RUN'NING-FIRE (_mil._), a rapid succession of firing; RUN'NING-GEAR, the
wheels and axles of a vehicle; RUN'NING-HAND, a style of rapid writing
without lifting the pen; RUN'NING-KNOT, a knot made so as to form a noose
when the rope is pulled.--_n.pl._ RUN'NING-LIGHTS, the lights shown by
vessels between sunset and sunrise.--_adv._ RUN'NINGLY.--_ns._
RUN'NING-OR'NAMENT, an ornament in which the design is continuous;
RUN'NING-REIN, a form of driving-rein; RUN'NING-RIG'GING, all the rigging
except the shrouds, stays, and lower mast-head pendants; RUN'NING-THRUSH, a
disease in the feet of horses; RUN'NING-T[=I]'TLE, the title of a book,
&c., continued from page to page on the upper margin; RUN'NING-TRAP, a pipe
so formed as to be a seal against the passage of gases; RUN'WAY, a trail,
track, or passage-way.--RUN ACROSS, to come upon by accident; RUN AWAY
WITH, to carry away in uncontrollable fright: to carry off in fleeing; RUN
DOWN, to chase to exhaustion: to run against and sink, as a ship: to
overbear, to crush; RUN DOWN A COAST, to sail along it; RUN HARD, to press
hard behind in a race or other competition; RUN IN, to go in: to arrest and
take to a lock-up: (_print._) to insert a word, &c., without making a break
or new paragraph: to alter the position of matter to fill vacant space; RUN
INTO DEBT, to get into debt; RUN IN THE BLOOD, family, to belong to one by
natural descent; RUN OFF, to cause to flow out: to take impressions of, to
print: to repeat, recount; RUN ON (_print._), to continue in the same line,
and not a new paragraph; RUN OUT, to come to an end; RUN OVER, to overflow:
to go over cursorily; RUN RIOT (see RIOT); RUN THE CHANCE, to encounter all
risks; RUN THROUGH, to expend, to waste, to pierce through and through; RUN
TOGETHER, to mingle or blend; RUN TO SEED, to shoot up too rapidly, to
become exhausted, to go to waste; RUN UP, to make or mend hastily: to build
hurriedly: to string up, hang.--IN THE LONG-RUN, in the end or final
result; IN THE RUNNING, or OUT OF THE RUNNING, competing, or not competing,
in a contest, with good hopes of success in a candidature, &c., or the
opposite; MAKE GOOD ONE'S RUNNING, to keep abreast with others; TAKE UP THE
RUNNING, to go off at full speed; THE COMMON RUN, THE RUN, or THE RUN OF
MANKIND, ordinary people. [A.S. _rinnan_; Ger. _rennen_, Ice. _renna_, to
run.]
RUNAGATE, run'a-g[=a]t, _n._ a vagabond: renegade: an apostate: a fugitive.
[A corr. of _renegade_, but modified both in form and meaning by _run_.]
RUNCH, runch, _n._ the charlock: the wild radish.--_n.pl._ RUNCH'-BALLS,
dried charlock.
RUNCH, runch, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to grind, as with the teeth.
RUNCINATE, runs'in-[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having the lobes convex before
and straight behind, or pointing backward as in the dandelion. [L.
_runcinatus_, pa.p. of _runcin[=a]re_, to plane off--_runcina_, a plane.]
RUNDALE, run'd[=a]l, _n._ a system of holding land in single holdings made
up of detached pieces.
RUNDLE, run'dl, _n._ a round, a rung or step of a ladder: a ring, an orbit:
a ball.--_adj._ RUN'DLED. [_Roundel._]
RUNDLET, rund'let, _n._ a small barrel.--Also RUN'LET.
RUNE, r[=oo]n, _n._ one of the characters or letters used by the peoples of
northern Europe down to the 16th century: (_pl._) the ancient Scandinavian
alphabet or _futhorc_--from its first six letters _f_, _u_, _th_, _o_, _r_,
_c_ (the writing is called _Runic_, the individual letters _Rune-staves_,
or less correctly _Runes_): a secret, a mystic sentence: any song
mystically expressed.--_n._ RUNE'CRAFT.--_adj._ RUNED.--_n._
RU'NER.--_adj._ RU'NIC, relating to runes, to the ancient Teutonic nations,
or to their characters.--_ns._ RUNOL'OGIST, one versed in Runic remains;
RUNOL'OGY.--RUNIC KNOTS, a form of interlaced ornament. [A.S. _rún_, a
secret. The word is found in M. E. _rounen_, to whisper, and is cog. with
Old High Ger. _runa_, a secret, Goth. _runa_, secret.]
RUNG, rung, _n._ one of the floor-timbers of a ship: one of the rounds of a
ladder: a bar: a heavy staff: a cudgel: one of the radial handles of a
steering-wheel. [A.S. _hrung_, a beam; Ger. _runge_.]
RUNG, rung, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ring.--_adj._ having a ring through the
nose, as a hog.
RUNKLE, runk'l, _v.i._ to wrinkle: to crease.
RUNN, run, _n._ in India, a tract of sandy or boggy land--often overflowed
by the tide. [Hind. _r[=a]n_.]
RUNNEL, run'el, _n._ a little brook. [A.S. _rynel_, dim. of _ryne_, a
stream--_rinnan_, to run.]
RUNRIG, run'rig, _n._ a species of ownership under which the alternate
ridges of a field belong to different owners--also RUN'RIDGE, RUN'DALE, a
survival of the simple form of open-field husbandry, under the tribal
system once universally prevalent in the western districts of Britain.
RUNT, runt, _n._ a young ox or cow: an undersized animal: a dwarf: a bow: a
breed of domestic pigeons: the dead stump of a tree: the stem of a
cabbage.--_adj._ RUNT'Y.
RUPEE, r[=oo]-p[=e]', _n._ an East Indian silver coin, nominally worth
about 2s.--at present about 1s. 4½d. [Hind. _r[=u]p[=i]yah_--Sans.
_r[=u]pya_, silver.]
RUPERT'S-DROP, r[=oo]'perts-drop, _n._ a detonating bulb, or glass
bubble--probably discovered by Prince _Rupert_ (1619-82).
RUPESTRINE, r[=oo]-pes'trin, _adj._ rock-inhabiting. [L. _rupes_, a rock.]
RUPIA, r[=oo]'pi-a, _n._ a severe form of skin disease, with flattish
distinct _bullæ_ or blebs, containing a serous, purulent, or sanious fluid,
becoming thick scabs. [Gr. _hrypos_, filth.]
RUPICAPRA, r[=oo]-pi-kap'ra, _n._ a genus of antelopes--the chamois.
RUPICOLA, r[=oo]-pik'[=o]-la, _n._ a genus of rock-manikins or cocks of the
rock.--_adjs._ RUPIC'OLINE, RUPIC'OLOUS, growing or living among rocks. [L.
_rupes_, a rock, _col[)e]re_, to inhabit.]
RUPPIA, rup'i-a, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the order
_Naiadaceæ_--to which _Ditch_ or _Tassel grass_ belongs. [From the
18th-cent. German botanist H. B. _Ruppius_.]
RUPTURE, rup't[=u]r, _n._ the act of breaking or bursting: the state of
being broken: a breach of the peace: hernia (q.v.), esp. abdominal.--_v.t._
to break or burst: to part by violence.--_v.i._ to suffer a breach:
(_bot._) to dehisce irregularly.--_adj._ RUP'TILE (_bot._), dehiscent by an
irregular splitting of the walls.--_n._ RUP'TION, a breach.--_adj._
RUP'TIVE.--_n._ RUP'T[=U]ARY, a member of the plebeian class. [Fr.,--Low L.
_ruptura_--L. _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]
RURAL, r[=oo]'ral, _adj._ of or belonging to the country: suiting the
country: rustic: pertaining to agriculture.--_n._ (_obs._) a
countryman.--_ns._ RU'RAL-DEAN, an ecclesiastic under the bishop and
archdeacon, with the peculiar care of the clergy of a district;
RU'RAL-DEAN'ERY.--_v.t._ RU'RALISE, to render rural.--_v.i._ to become
rural: to rusticate.--_ns._ RU'RALISM; RU'RALIST; RURAL'ITY.--_adv._
RU'RALLY.--_n._ RU'RALNESS.--_adj._ RURIDEC'ANAL, pertaining to a rural
dean or deanery. [Fr.,--L. _ruralis_--_rus_, _ruris_, the country.]
RUSA, r[=oo]'za, _n._ a genus of East Indian stags. [Malay.]
RUSALKA, r[=oo]-sal'ka, _n._ a Russian water-nymph.
RUSCUS, rus'kus, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the order
_Liliaceæ_--containing _Butcher's broom_, _Shepherd's myrtle_, &c. [L.
_ruscum_.]
RUSE, r[=oo]z, _n._ a turning or doubling, as of animals to get out of the
way of dogs: a trick, fraud, or the use of such.--_n._ RUSE-DE-GUERRE, a
stratagem of war. [O. Fr. _ruse_--_ruser_, _re[=u]ser_, to get out of the
way--L. _recus[=a]re_, to decline.]
RUSH, rush, _v.i._ to move with a shaking, rustling noise, as the wind: to
move forward violently: to enter rashly and hastily.--_v.t._ to drive: to
push, to secure by rushing.--_n._ a rushing or driving forward: an eager
demand: urgent pressure, as of business: a stampede of cattle: in football,
when a player forces his way by main strength.--_n._ RUSH'ER, in football,
a player whose special duty it is to force the ball toward his opponents'
goal: a go-ahead person. [Skeat explains M. E. _ruschen_ as from Sw.
_ruska_, to rush, to shake, an extension of Old Sw. _rusa_, to rush. Cf.
_Rouse_.]
RUSH, rush, _n._ a genus (_Juncus_) of marshy plants, some absolutely
destitute of leaves, but with barren scapes resembling leaves: the name
esp. of those species with no proper leaves, the round stems known as
rushes: a wick: the merest trifle.--_n._ RUSH'-BEAR'ING, a country feast,
when the parish church was strewn with rushes, between haymaking and
harvest: the day of the festival.--_adj._ RUSH'-BOTT'OMED, having a seat or
bottom made with rushes.--_ns._ RUSH'-BUCK'LER (_obs._), a swash-buckler;
RUSH'-CAN'DLE, -LIGHT, a candle or night-light having a wick of rush-pith:
a small, feeble light.--_adj._ RUSH'EN, made of rushes.--_ns._
RUSH'-HOLD'ER, a clip-candlestick used for rush-lights; RUSH'INESS.--_adj._
RUSH'-LIKE, resembling a rush: weak.--_ns._ RUSH'-LIL'Y, a plant of the
species of blue-eyed grass; RUSH'-NUT, the _Cyperus esculentus_, whose
tubers are eaten in southern Europe; RUSH'-TOAD, the natterjack.--_adjs._
RUSH'Y, full of, or made of, rushes; RUSH'Y-FRINGED.--_n._ RUSK'IE, any
utensil made of straw, &c., as a basket, &c.--FLOWERING RUSH, an aquatic
plant; MARRY WITH A RUSH, to wed in jest. [A.S. _risce_, like Ger. _risch_,
from L. _ruscum_, _rustum_.]
RUSK, rusk, _n._ a kind of light hard cake: a kind of light soft cake or
sweetened biscuit. [Sp. _rosca_, a roll; cf. _Rosca de mar_, a sea-rusk;
origin unknown.]
RUSMA. See RHUSMA.
RUSSEL, rus'el, _n._ (_obs._) a fox: a twilled woollen material.--_n._
RUSS'EL-CORD, a kind of rep made of cotton and wool. [O. Fr. _roussel_--L.
_russus_, red.]
RUSSET, rus'et, _adj._ rusty or reddish-brown: coarse: rustic: of
russet-leather.--_n._ a coarse homespun dress.--_ns._ RUSS'ETING, an apple
of a russet colour and rough skin; RUSS'ET-LEATH'ER.--_adj._ RUSS'ETY. [O.
Fr. _rousset_--L. _russus_, red.]
RUSSIAN, rush'yan, _adj._ relating to _Russia_, a country of Europe, or to
its people.--_n._ a native of Russia: the Russian language.--_adj._ RUSS,
belonging to the Russians.--_n._ a Russian: the Russian language.--_v.t._
RUSS'IANISE, to give Russian characteristics to.--_n._
RUSSIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ RUS'SIFY, to Russianise.--_ns._
RUS'SO-BYZAN'TINE, the national art of Russian architecture; RUS'SOPHILE,
one who favours Russian policy (also _adj._); RUS'SOPHILISM; RUS'SOPHILIST;
RUS'SOPHOBE, one who dreads or hates the Russians--also RUS'SOPHOBIST;
RUSSOPH[=O]'BIA, the dread of Russian policy.--RUSSIA LEATHER (see
LEATHER).
RUSSULA, rus'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of hymenomycetous fungi--so called from
the colour of the pileus in some. [Low L. _russulus_, reddish--L. _russus_,
red.]
RUST, rust, _n._ the reddish-brown coating on iron exposed to moisture:
anything resembling rust: a disease of cereals and grasses, with brown
spots on the leaves, caused by fungi: a corrosive: an injurious habit: any
foul matter.--_v.i._ to become rusty: to become dull by inaction.--_v.t._
to make rusty: to impair by time and inactivity.--_adjs._ RUST'-COL'OURED;
RUST'FUL.--_adv._ RUST'ILY.--_ns._ RUST'INESS; RUST'-MITE, certain mites of
the family of gall-mites.--_adjs._ RUST'-PROOF, not liable to rust; RUST'Y,
covered with rust: impaired by inactivity, out of practice: dull: affected
with rust-disease: time-worn: of a rusty black: rough: obstinate:
discoloured.--_ns._ RUST'Y-BACK, a fern; RUST'Y-BLACK'BIRD, the grackle;
BLACK'-RUST, a fungus with dark-coloured spores.--RIDE, or TURN, RUSTY, to
become obstinate or stubborn in opposition. [A.S. _rust_; Ger. _rost_.]
RUSTIC, rus'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the country: rural: rude: awkward:
simple: coarse: artless: unadorned: made of rustic-work.--_n._ a peasant: a
clown: a noctuoid moth.--_adj._ RUS'TICAL.--_adv._ RUS'TICALLY.--_n._
RUS'TICALNESS.--_v.t._ RUS'TICATE, to send into the country: to banish for
a time from town or college.--_v.i._ to live in the country.--_n._
RUSTIC[=A]'TION.--_v.i._ RUS'TICISE.--_ns._ RUSTIC'ITY, rustic manner:
simplicity: rudeness; RUSTIC'OLA, the European woodcock; RUS'TIC-WARE, a
terra-cotta of a light-brown paste, having a brown glaze; RUS'TIC-WORK,
various stonework, as frosted work, punctured work, &c.: in woodwork,
summer-houses, &c. [Fr. _rustique_--L. _rusticus_--_rus_, the country.]
RUSTLE, rus'l, _v.i._ to make a soft, whispering sound, as silk, straw,
&c.: (_U.S._) to stir about.--_n._ a quick succession of small sounds, as
that of dry leaves: a rustling, a movement with rustling sound.--_ns._
RUS'TLER, one who, or that which, rustles: (_U.S._) an active fellow;
RUS'TLING, a quick succession of small sounds, as that of dry
leaves.--_adv._ RUS'TLINGLY. [Skeat makes it a freq. of Sw. _rusta_, to
stir, a variant of Old Sw. _ruska_, to shake. Cf. _Rush_; and cf. Ger.
_rauschen_, _ruschen_, to rustle.]
RUSTRE, rus't[.e]r, _n._ (_her._) a lozenge pierced with a circular
opening.--_adj._ RUS'TRED. [Fr.]
RUSURE, r[=oo]'zh[=u]r, _n._ (_prov._) the sliding down of a bank.
RUT, rut, _n._ a track left by a wheel: an established course.--_v.t._ to
form ruts in:--_pr.p._ rut'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rut'ted.--_adj._
RUT'TY, full of ruts. [O. Fr. _route_--Low L. _rupta_, a way.]
RUT, rut, _n._ the noise made by deer during sexual excitement: the
periodic time of heat of animals.--_v.i._ to be in heat.--_v.t._ (_rare_)
to copulate with.--_adj._ RUT'TISH, inclined to rut: lustful.--_n._
RUT'TISHNESS, libidinousness. [O. Fr. _ruit_, _rut_--L.
_rugitus_--_rug[=i]re_, to roar.]
RUTA, r[=oo]'ta, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants--the general name of
the species is _Rue_.--_adj._ RUT[=A]'CEOUS. [Gr. _hryt[=e]_, rue.]
RUTABAGA, r[=oo]-ta-b[=a]'ga, _n._ the Swedish turnip. [Fr.; ety. unknown.]
RUTELA, r[=oo]'te-la, _n._ a genus of lamellicorn beetles. [L. _rutilus_,
red.]
RUTH, r[=oo]th, _n._ pity, tenderness, sorrow: cruelty.--_adj._ RUTH'FUL,
pitiful, sorrowful: piteous, causing pity.--_adv._ RUTH'FULLY, in a
sorrowful manner.--_adj._ RUTH'LESS, without pity: insensible to misery:
cruel.--_adv._ RUTH'LESSLY.--_n._ RUTH'LESSNESS. [M. E. _ruthe_,
_reuth_--Scand.; Ice. _hryggth_, _hrygth_, sorrow.]
RUTHENIAN, r[=oo]-th[=e]'ni-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the
_Ruthenians_, a branch of the little Russian division of the Slav race, on
both sides of the Carpathians.--_n._ one of this race.
RUTHENIUM, r[=oo]-th[=e]'ni-um, _n._ a hard brittle metal discovered in
1843 by Claus in the ore of platinum, forming no fewer than four different
oxides. [_Ruthenia_, a name of Russia.]
RUTIC, r[=oo]'tik, _adj._ pertaining to, or derived from, _rue_.
RUTICILLA, r[=oo]-ti-sil'a, _n._ the redstart.
RUTILANT, r[=oo]'ti-lant, _adj._ shining: glittering.--_v.i._ RU'TIL[=A]TE,
to emit rays of light. [L. _rutilans_, pr.p. of _rutil[=a]re_, to be
reddish.]
RUTILE, r[=oo]'til, _n._ one of the three forms in which titanium dioxide
occurs. [Fr.,--L. _rutilus_, red.]
RUTTER, rut'[.e]r, _n._ (_obs._) a trooper: a mercenary horse-soldier: a
man of fashion. [O. Fr. _routier_--Low L. _ruptarius_--_rupta_, a troop.]
RUTTER, rut'[.e]r, _n._ a direction specially for a course by sea: a marine
chart. [O. Fr. _routier_, a chart.]
RUTTLE, rut'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to gurgle. [M. E. _rotelen_, _ratelen_, to
rattle.]
RUVID, r[=oo]'vid, _adj._ rough. [L. _ruidus_, rough.]
RYAL, r[=i]'al, _n._ an old English gold coin worth about ten shillings,
called a _Rose-noble_.--Also R[=I]'AL.
RYE, r[=i], _n._ a genus of grasses allied to wheat and barley, one species
of which is cultivated as a grain: (_her._) a bearing representing a stalk
of grain with the ear bending down.--_ns._ RYE'-GRASS, a variety of grass
cultivated for pasture and fodder; RYE'-MOTH, an insect whose larva feeds
on stems of rye; RYE'-WOLF, an evil creature of German folklore lurking in
the rye-fields; RYE'-WORM, an insect which devours the stems of rye. [A.S.
_ryge_; Ice. _rúgr_, Ger. _rocken_, _roggen_.]
RYFE, r[=i]f, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as RIFE.
RYKE, r[=i]k, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to reach.
RYND, rind, _n._ in a burstone mill, the iron which supports the upper
stone. [A.S. _hrindan_, to thrust.]
RYOT, r[=i]'ut, _n._ a Hindu cultivator or peasant.--_ns._ RY'OTWAR,
RY'OTWARI, the arrangement about rent made annually in India, esp. in
Madras, between the government officials and the ryots. [Hind.
_raiyat_--Ar. _ra`iya_, a subject.]
RYPE, r[=i]p, _n._ a ptarmigan. [Dan.]
RYPECK, r[=i]'pek, _n._ (_prov._) a pole used to move a punt while
fishing.--Also R[=I]'PECK, R[=E]'PECK.
RYVE, r[=i]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to pierce. [_Rive._]
* * * * *
Corrections made to printed original.
Under "Octagon" (in etymology):--"angle", printed as "agle" in original.
Under "Paraclete":--"Paracl[=e]t'ice", printed as "Paracl[=e]t'i-ce" in
original.
Under "Paraclete":--"Paracl[=e]t'icon", printed as "Paracl[=e]t'i-con" in
original.
Under "Pavonine" (in etymology):--"pavonis", printed as "panonis" in
original.
Under "Potable" (in etymology):--"potabilis", printed as "potablilis" in
original.
Under "Pyxidium":--"pod", printed as "pool." in original.
Under "Road":--"plumb-level", printed as "plum-level" in original.
Under "Rosminianism":--"1797", printed as "1737" in original.