people.--_adj._ disorderly.--_v.i._ to utter nonsense.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to
mob.--_ns._ RABB'LEMENT, a tumultuous crowd of low people; RABB'LING
(_Scot._), the act of assaulting in a disorderly manner, mobbing. [Allied
to Old Dut. _rabbelen_, to gabble, Prov. Ger. _rabbeln_.]
RABBLE, rab'l, _n._ an iron bar used in puddling.--_v.t._ to stir with a
rabble.--_n._ RABB'LER. [O. Fr. _roable_ (Fr. _râble_)--L. _rutabulum_, a
poker.]
RABDOMANCY. Same as RHABDOMANCY.
RABELAISIAN, rab-e-l[=a]'zi-an, _n._ characteristic of _Rabelais_
(1490-1553), broadly humorous, coarse.
RABI, rab'i, _n._ the great grain crop of Hindustan.
RABID, rab'id, _adj._ furious: mad: affected with _rabies_, as a dog:
foolishly intense.--_adj._ RAB'IC, pertaining to rabies.--_adv._
RAB'IDLY.--_ns._ RAB'IDNESS; R[=A]'BIES, the disease (esp. of dogs) from
which hydrophobia is communicated: canine madness.--_adjs._ R[=A]BIET'IC,
resembling madness; R[=A]BIF'IC, communicating hydrophobia; R[=A]'BIOUS,
raging. [L. _rabidus_--_rab[)e]re_, to rave.]
RABOT, rab'ot, _n._ a rubber used in polishing marble.
RACA, r[=a]'ka, _adj._ worthless--a term of contempt used by the Jews of
Christ's day; cf. Matt. v. 22. [Chaldee _r[=e]k[=a]_, worthless; perh.
conn. with _raq_, to spit (Ar. _r[=i]q_), or with _r[=i]q[=a]_, empty.]
RACCAHOUT, rak'a-h[=oo]t, _n._ an Eastern dish made from the edible acorns
of the oak. [Fr.,--Ar. _r[=a]quat_, _r[=a]qaout_, a nourishing starch.]
RACCOON, RACOON, ra-k[=oo]n', _n._ a genus of the bear family of North
America, valuable for its fur.--_ns._ RACCOON'-BERR'Y, the May apple of the
United States; RACCOON'-OYS'TER, an oyster growing on the shores of the sea
in United States. [Amer. Ind.]
RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ the human family: the descendants of a common ancestor:
a breed or variety: a tribal or national stock: a line of persons, as of
statesmen, or of animals, as the feline race: a herd: peculiar flavour, as
of wine, by which its origin may be recognised: (_Shak._) intrinsic
character, vigour. [Fr.,--Old High Ger. _reiza_, a line.]
RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ rapid motion: trial of speed: progress: course of
action: a strong and rapid current: a canal to a water-wheel: a competitive
trial of speed in running, walking, &c.: a horse-race, as the Ascot
races.--_v.i._ to run swiftly: to contend in running.--_v.t._ to cause to
race, as steamers, horses, &c.--_ns._ RACE'-CARD, a card containing
information about races; RACE'-COURSE, -GROUND, -TRACK, the course over
which races are run; RACE'-CUP, a piece of plate forming a prize at a race;
RACE'HORSE, a horse bred for racing; RACE'-MEET'ING, a meeting for purposes
of horse-racing; R[=A]'CER, one who races: a racehorse; RACE'-WAY, a
mill-race; R[=A]'CING, the running of races; R[=A]'CING-BIT, a light
jointed ring-bit; CONSOL[=A]'TION-RACE (see CONSOLATION); FLAT'-RACE, a
horse-race over _level_ or clear ground--opp. to a _Hurdle-race_ or
_Steeplechase_, which are called generally _Obstacle-races_.--RACING
CALENDAR, a full list of races to be run. [A.S. _r['æ]s_, stream; Ice.
_rás_, rapid course.]
RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ (_Shak._) a root.--_n._ RACE'-GIN'GER, unpulverised
ginger. [O. Fr. _rais_--L. _radix_, a root.]
RACE, r[=a]s, _v.t._ (_obs._)=_Raze_.--_adj._ RACED.
RACEME, ra-s[=e]m', _n._ a cluster: a flower-cluster, as in the
currant.--_adjs._ RACEMED', having racemes; RACEM'IC, pertaining to, or
obtained from, grapes: an acid obtained from a certain kind of grape;
RACEMIF'EROUS, bearing racemes; RAC'EM[=O]SE, RAC'EMOUS, growing in, or
resembling, a raceme.--_n._ RAC'EM[=U]LE, a small raceme.--_adj._
RACEM'UL[=O]SE, bearing small racemes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_.]
RACH, RATCH, rach, _n._ a dog that hunts by scent. [A.S. _ræcc_, a dog;
Ice. _rakki_.]
RACHIANECTES, ra-ki-an-ek'tez, _n._ the gray whale of the North Pacific.
[Gr. _rhachia_, a rocky shore, _n[=e]kt[=e]s_, a swimmer.]
RACHIS, r[=a]'kis, _n._ the spine: (_bot._) a branch or axis of
inflorescence which proceeds in nearly a straight line from the base to the
apex:--_pl._ R[=A]'CHID[=E]S.--_n._ R[=A]CHIAL'GIA, pain in the
spine.--_adjs._ R[=A]CHIAL'GIC; R[=A]CHID'IAL, R[=A]CHID'IAN.--_n._
R[=A]CHIL'LA, a secondary rachis in a compound inflorescence.--_adj._
R[=A]CHIT'IC, rickety.--_ns._ R[=A]CH[=I]'TIS, rickets in children (see
RICKETS): (_bot._) a disease which produces abortion in the fruit;
R[=A]CH'ITOME, an anatomical instrument for opening the spinal canal. [Gr.
_rachis_, the spine.]
RACIAL, r[=a]'si-al, _adj._ relating to lineage, peculiar to a
race.--_adv._ R[=A]'CIALLY.
RACK, rak, _n._ an instrument for racking or extending: an engine for
stretching the body in order to extort a confession, hence (_fig._) extreme
pain, anxiety, or doubt: a framework on which articles are arranged, as
_hat-rack_, _plate-rack_, _letter-rack_, &c.: the grating above a manger
for hay: (_mech._) a straight bar with teeth to work into those of a wheel,
pinion, or endless screw, for converting a circular into a rectilinear
motion, or _vice versâ_: (_Scot._) the course in curling.--_v.t._ to
stretch forcibly: to strain: to stretch on the rack or wheel: to torture:
to exhaust: to worry, agitate: to wrest, overstrain: to practise rapacity:
to extort: to place in a rack or frame: (_naut._) to seize together with
cross-turns, as two ropes.--_n._ RACK'ER, one who tortures.--_adj._
RACK'ING, tormenting.--_ns._ RACK'-RAIL, a railway having cogs which work
into similar cogs on a locomotive; RACK'-RENT, an annual rent stretched to
the utmost value of the thing rented, exorbitant rent.--_v.t._ to subject
to such rents.--_ns._ RACK'-RENT'ER, one who exacts or pays rack-rent;
RACK'-STICK, a stick for stretching a rope; RACK'-TAIL, a bent arm in a
repeating clock connected with the striking mechanism; RACK'WORK, a strong
bar with cogs to correspond with similar cogs on a wheel, which either
moves or is moved by the bar.--LIVE AT RACK AND MANGER, to live sumptuously
and wastefully; ON THE RACK, stretched upon it: tortured by anxiety; PUT TO
THE RACK, to put to the torture of the rack: to subject to keen suffering.
[The radical sense is to stretch, closely allied to _reach_ (q.v.); cf.
Ice. _rakkr_, straight, Ger. _rack_, a rail, _recken_, to stretch.]
RACK, rak, _n._ same as WRACK=_Wreck_--now used only in the phrases GO TO
RACK, GO TO RACK AND RUIN. [Cf. the next word.]
RACK, rak, _n._ thin or broken clouds drifting across the sky.--_v.i._ to
drift, to drive. [_Wrack_; cf. Ice. _rek_.]
RACK, rak, _v.t._ to strain or draw off from the lees, as wine.--_ns._
RACK'ING-CAN, a vessel from which wine can be drawn without disturbing the
lees; RACK'ING-COCK, -FAU'CET, a cock used in drawing off liquour from a
cask; RACK'ING-PUMP, a pump for the transfer of liquor to casks. [O. Fr.
_raquer_, _vin raqué_; prob. cog. with Sp. _rascar_, to scrape.]
RACK, rak, _n._ (_prov._) the neck and spine of a fore-quarter of veal or
mutton: the neck of mutton or pork.
RACK, rak, _n._ the gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop.--_n._
RACK'ER, a horse that moves in this gait. [Perh. _rack_, to drift, or
_rock_.]
RACK, rak, _n._ same as ARRACK.--RACK PUNCH, a punch made with arrack.
RACK, rak, _n._ a young rabbit. [Orig. unknown.]
RACKABONES, rak'a-b[=o]nz, _n._ (_Amer._) a very lean person or animal.
RACKAROCK, rak'a-rok, _n._ an explosive of potassium chlorate and
nitro-benzol.--Also REND'ROCK.
RACKET, RACQUET, rak'et, _n._ a bat for playing tennis: a snow-shoe: an
organ-stop: a 17th-cent. musical instrument: (_pl._) a modern variety of
the old game of tennis.--_v.t._ to strike, as with a racket.--_ns._
RACK'ET-, RACQ'UET-COURT, -GROUND, a court for playing rackets: a
tennis-court; RACK'ET-TAIL, a humming-bird with two feathers like
rackets.--_adj._ RACK'ET-TAILED. [O. Fr. _rachete_ (Fr. _raquette_)--Sp.
_raqueta_--Ar. _r[=a]hat_, the palm of the hand.]
RACKET, rak'et, _n._ a clattering noise: hurly-burly.--_v.i._ to make a
clattering noise: to engage in racket of any kind: to be dissipated.--_n._
RACK'ETER.--_adj._ RACK'ETY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ RACK'LE (_prov._), to
rattle.--_n._ noisy talk. [Gael. _racaid_--_rac_, to cackle.]
RACONTEUR, ra-kong-t[.e]r', _n._ a story-teller. [Fr.]
RACOON. See RACCOON.
RACOVIAN, ra-k[=o]'vi-an, _n._ a 17th-cent. Polish Socinian--their seminary
being at _Rakow_.
RACY, r[=a]'si, _adj._ having a strong flavour imparted by the soil, as
wine: exciting to the mind by strongly characteristic thought or language:
spirited: pungent, as a _racy_ story: peculiar to the race.--_adv._
R[=A]'CILY.--_n._ R[=A]'CINESS. [_Race_, a family.]
RAD, rad (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _read_ and _ride_.
RAD, rad, _adj._ (_Scot._) afraid.
RAD, rad, _n._ short for _radical_.
RADDLE, rad'l, _v.t._ to interweave: to beat.--_n._ a hedge formed by
interweaving the branches of trees: a hurdle: split wood like laths: a
wooden bar used in domestic weaving. [Perh. a transposed form of _hurdle_;
or perh. formed from _wreathe_, or _writhe_, and confused with _hurdle_.]
RADDLE, rad'l, _n._ a layer of red pigment--also REDD'LE.--_v.t._ to colour
coarsely, as with raddle: to do work in a slovenly way. [_Ruddle._]
RADE, r[=a]d, old form of _rode_.
RADIAL, r[=a]'di-al, _adj._ shooting out like a ray or radius: pertaining
to the radius of the forearm: (_bot._) developing uniformly on all
sides.--_ns._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LE, the radiocarpal bone:--_pl._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LIA;
R[=A]DI[=A]'LIS, a radial muscle, artery, or nerve:--_pl._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LES;
R[=A]DIALIS[=A]'TION, arrangement in radiating forms.--_v.t._
R[=A]'DIALISE, to make ray-like: to cause to radiate.--_n._ R[=A]DIAL'ITY,
radial symmetry.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIALLY, in the manner of a radius or of
rays.--_adjs._ R[=A]'DIOCAR'PAL, pertaining to the wrist or carpus;
R[=A]'DIOMUS'CULAR, pertaining to the radius and to muscles;
R[=A]'DIO-UL'NAR, pertaining to the radius and the ulna.--RADIAL ARTERY,
the smaller of the branches of the branchial artery at the elbow.
RADIAN, r[=a]'di-an, _n._ the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by
an arc equal to the radius.
RADIANT, r[=a]'di-ant, _adj._ emitting rays of light or heat: issuing in
rays: beaming with light: shining: (_her._) edged with rays.--_n._ (_opt._)
the luminous point from which light emanates: (_astron._) the centre point
from which meteoric showers proceed: (_geom._) a straight line from a point
about which it is conceived to revolve.--_ns._ R[=A]'DIANCE, R[=A]'DIANCY,
quality of being radiant: brilliancy: splendour.--_adv._
R[=A]'DIANTLY.--_adj._ R[=A]'DIOUS (_obs._), radiant.--RADIANT ENERGY,
energy in the form of light or radiant heat; RADIANT HEAT, heat proceeding
in rays or direct lines from a centre. [L. _radians_, _-antis_, pr.p. of
_radi[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to radiate--_radius._]
RADIATA, r[=a]-di-[=a]'ta, _n.pl._ the lowest of Cuvier's four great
divisions of the animal kingdom--the organs of sense and motion disposed as
rays round a centre.
RADIATE, r[=a]'di-[=a]t, _v.i._ to emit rays of light: to shine: to proceed
in direct lines from any point or surface.--_v.t._ to send out in rays: to
furnish with rays.--_adjs._ R[=A]'DI[=A]TE, -D, formed of rays diverging
from a centre: (_bot._) consisting of a disc in which the florets are
tubular: (_min._) having crystals diverging from a centre: belonging to the
_Radiata_: in coins, represented with rays proceeding from a centre, as a
head or bust.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIATELY, in a radiate manner: with radiation
from a centre.--_adj._ R[=A]DI[=A]'TIFORM, having the appearance of being
radiate.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIATINGLY.--_n._ R[=A]DI[=A]'TION, act of radiating:
the emission and diffusion of rays of light or heat.--_adj._
R[=A]'DIATIVE.--_n._ R[=A]'DIATOR, a body which radiates or emits rays of
light or heat: a part of a heating apparatus for a room.--_adj._
R[=A]'DIATORY.--_ns._ R[=A]DIOFLAGELL'ATA, marine animalcules;
R[=A]'DIOGRAPH, an instrument by which solar radiation is measured.--_adj._
R[=A]DIOL[=A]'RIAN, pertaining to the ooze at the bottom of the sea,
composed of the shells of RADIOL[=A]'RIANS, a class of marine rhizopod
_Protozoa_, so called from their having thread-like processes of living
matter radiating outwards on all sides.--_ns._ R[=A]D[=I]'OLUS, one of the
barbules of the main shaft of a feather; R[=A]DIOM'ETER, an instrument
consisting of four horizontal arms of very fine glass, carefully poised so
as to revolve easily on a point, the whole contained in a glass vessel
almost exhausted of air--the arms move round under light or heat, more or
less swiftly according to the strength of the rays.--_adj._
R[=A]DIOMET'RIC.--_ns._ R[=A]DIOMICROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring
very small amounts of heat; R[=A]'DIOPHONE, an instrument for producing or
transmitting sound by heat-rays.--_adj._ R[=A]DIOPHON'IC.--_ns._
R[=A]DIOPHON'ICS, R[=A]'DIOPHONY, the production of sound by radiant heat;
R[=A]'DIUM, a rare element whose radiations act upon photographic plates
and have properties like the X-rays.
RADICAL, rad'i-kal, _adj._ pertaining to the root or origin: original:
fundamental: intrinsic: primitive: implanted by nature: not derived:
serving to originate: (_bot._) proceeding immediately from the root:
(_politics_) ultra-liberal, democratic.--_n._ a root: a primitive word or
letter: one who advocates radical reform, an uncompromising democratic
politician: (_chem._) the base of a compound.--_v.t._ RAD'ICALISE, to make
radical.--_v.i._ to become radical, adopt radical political
principles.--_n._ RAD'ICALISM, the principles or spirit of a radical or
democrat.--_adv._ RAD'ICALLY.--_n._ RAD'ICALNESS. [_Radix._]
RADICATE, rad'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ deeply rooted: firmly established: (_zool._)
fixed at the bottom as if rooted: (_conch._) adhering like a
limpet.--_v.t._ to root: to plant or fix deeply and firmly:--_pr.p._
rad'ic[=a]ting; _pa.p._ rad'ic[=a]ted.--_adjs._ RAD'ICANT (_bot._), sending
out roots from the stem above the ground; RADIC[=A]'RIAN, relating to
roots; RAD'ICATED, rooted.--_ns._ RADIC[=A]'TION, the act or process of
radicating or taking root deeply: (_bot._) the disposition of the root with
respect to the ascending or descending stem; RAD'ICEL, a rootlet.--_adjs._
RADICIC'OLOUS, RADIC'OLOUS, living on roots, pertaining to the root-form of
the phylloxera; RADICIFL[=O]'ROUS, flowering from the root; RADIC'IFORM,
like a root.--_n._ RAD'ICLE, a little root: the part of a seed which in
growing becomes the root.--_adjs._ RAD'IC[=O]SE, having a large root;
RADIC'[=U]LAR, pertaining to a radicle.--_n._ RAD'IC[=U]LE (_bot._), that
end of the embryo which is opposite to the cotyledons.--_adj._
RADIC'[=U]L[=O]SE (_bot._), covered with rootlets: radicose, having a large
root. [L. _radic[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to take root--_radix_, a root.]
RADISH, rad'ish, _n._ an annual whose succulent pungent root is eaten raw
as a salad.--_ns._ RAD'ISH-FLY, an American insect; SEA'SIDE-RAD'ISH, the
wild radish. [Fr. _radis_--Prov. _raditz_--L. _radix_, _radicis_, a root.]
RADIUS, r[=a]'di-us, _n._ (_geom._) a straight line from the centre to the
circumference of a circle: anything like a radius, as the spoke of a wheel:
a ray: (_anat._) the exterior bone of the arm: (_bot._) the ray of a
flower: the movable arm of a sextant: one of the radiating lines of a
geometrical spider's web:--_pl._ R[=A]'DII ([=i]).--_ns._ R[=A]'DIUS-BAR,
-ROD, in a steam-engine, a rod pivoted at one end and connected at the
other with a concentrically moving part at a fixed distance.--RADIUS VECTOR
(_pl._ _Radii vectores_), the distance from a fixed origin to any point of
a curve. [L., a rod.]
RADIX, r[=a]'diks, _n._ a root: primitive source: a primitive word from
which other words are formed: the base of a system of logarithms:--_pl._
RADICES (r[=a]-d[=i]'s[=e]z). [L. _radix_, _radic-is_.]
RADOUB, ra-d[=oo]b', _n._ the refitting of a ship. [Fr., _radouber_, to
mend. Cf. _Redub_.]
RADULA, rad'[=u]-la, _n._ the tongue or lingual ribbon of a
mollusc.--_adjs._ RAD'[=U]LAR; RAD'[=U]L[=A]TE; RAD[=U]LIF'EROUS, bearing a
radula; RAD'[=U]LIFORM, rasp-like: like a file. [L.,--_rad[)e]re_, to
scrape.]
RAFF, raf, _n._ the sweepings of society, the rabble: the riff-raff:
rubbish: a low worthless fellow, a rowdy.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to snatch, to
sweep off.--_adj._ RAFF'ISH, worthless. [O. Fr. _raffer_, to catch; cog.
with Ger. _raffen_, to snatch; cf. _Riff-raff_.]
RAFF, RAFFE, raf, _n._ (_naut._) a three-cornered sail set on a schooner
when before the wind.--Also RAFF'IE.
RAFFIA. Same as RAPHIA.
RAFFLE, raf'l, _n._ a kind of sale by chance or lottery in which the price
is subscribed equally by all who hope to win.--_v.i._ to try a
raffle.--_n._ RAFF'LER. [Fr. _rafle_, a certain game of dice--_rafler_, to
sweep away--Ger. _raffeln_, freq. of _raffen_ (A.S. _reafian_), to seize.]
RAFFLE, raf'l, _n._ lumber, rubbish. [Cf. _Raff_ (1).]
RAFFLED, raf'ld, _adj._ having the edge finely notched.
RAFFLESIA, raf-l[=e]'zi-a, _n._ a remarkable genus of apetalous parasitic
plants, named after Sir T. Stamford _Raffles_ (1781-1826), British governor
in Sumatra (1818).
RAFT, raft, _n._ (_U.S._) a miscellaneous or promiscuous lot. [A variant of
_Raff_ (1).]
RAFT, raft, _n._ a collection of pieces of timber fastened together for a
support on the water: planks conveyed by water.--_v.t._ to transport on a
raft: to form into a raft.--_v.i._ to manage a raft, travel by raft.--_ns._
RAFT'-BRIDGE, a bridge supported on rafts; RAFT'-DOG, an iron bar fitted
for securing logs in a raft; RAFT'-DUCK, the black-head duck of the United
States; RAFT'-PORT, a square hole in some ships for convenience in loading
and unloading timber; RAFT'-ROPE, a rope used in whaling-vessels for
stringing blubber; RAFTS'MAN, one who guides a raft. [Ice. _raptr_ (pron.
_raftr_), a rafter--_ráf_, _ræfr_, a roof; cf. Old High Ger. _r[=a]fo_, a
spar.]
RAFTER, raft'[.e]r, _n._ an inclined beam supporting the roof of a
house.--_v.t._ to furnish with rafters.--_n._ RAFT'ER-BIRD, the spotted
fly-catcher.--PRINCIPAL RAFTER, a main timber in supporting the weight of a
roof. [A.S. _ræfter_, a beam; Ice. _raptr_ (_raftr_), a beam; Dan. _raft_,
a pole.]
RAG, rag, _n._ a fragment of cloth: a rock having a rough irregular
surface: a remnant, scrap: a beggarly person: anything rent or worn
out.--_adj._ made of rags.--_v.t._ to make ragged.--_v.i._ to become
ragged, to fray: (_U.S. slang_) to dress (_out_).--_ns._ RAG'ABASH, a low
fellow; RAG'AMUFFIN, a low, disreputable person.--_adj._
RAG'AMUFFINLY.--_ns._ RAG'-BUSH, in some heathen countries, a bush
dedicated to some deity and decorated with rags torn from the clothes of
pilgrims; RAG'-DUST, the refuse of rags used by dyers; RAG'-FAIR, a fair or
market for rags, old clothes, &c.; RAG'GERY, rags collectively; RAG'GING,
the first rough separation of the ore from dross; RAG'-MAN, a man who
collects or deals in rags; RAG'-MON'EY (_slang_), paper money;
RAG'-PICK'ER, one who collects rags, &c., from ash-heaps, dung-hills, &c.:
a machine for tearing old rags, &c., to pieces; RAG'-SHOP, a shop where
rag-pickers dispose of their finds; RAG'-SORT'ER, one who sorts out rags
for paper-making; RAG'-STONE, RAGG, an impure limestone, consisting chiefly
of lime and silica; RAG'-TAG, the rabble; RAG'WEED, any plant of the
composite genus _Ambrosia_; RAG'WHEEL, a wheel with teeth or cogs on the
rim, which fit into the links of a chain or into rackwork: a cutlass
polishing-wheel; RAG'-WOOL, shoddy; RAG'WORK, mason-work built of small
stones about the size of bricks: a manufacture from strips of rag.--RAG-TAG
AND BOBTAIL, a rabble. [Ice. _rögg_, shagginess.]
RAG, rag, _v.t._ to banter, torment.--Also _n._ [Perh. from the previous
word; others refer to Ice. _rægja_, to calumniate; cog. with A.S. _wrégan_,
to accuse.]
RAGBOLT, rag'b[=o]lt, _n._ an iron pin with barbed shank.
RAGE, r[=a]j, _n._ violent excitement: enthusiasm: rapture: furious anger:
intensity: any object much sought after, the fashion.--_v.i._ to be furious
with anger: to exercise fury: to prevail fatally, as a disease: to be
violently agitated, as the waves.--_v.t._ to enrage.--_adjs._ RAGE'FUL,
full of rage, furious; R[=A]'GING, acting with rage, violence, or
fury.--_adv._ R[=A]'GINGLY.--All the rage (_coll._), quite the fashion.
[Fr.,--L. _rabies_--_rab[)e]re_, to rave.]
RAGG, rag, _n._ (_geol._)=_Ragstone_. See under RAG (1).
RAGGED, rag'ed, _adj._ torn or worn into rags: having a rough edge:
ruggedly uneven, jagged: wearing ragged clothes: shabby.--_adv._
RAGG'EDLY.--_ns._ RAGG'EDNESS; RAGG'ED-ROB'IN, the cuckoo flower;
RAGG'ED-SAIL'OR, the prince's feather-plant; RAGG'ED-SCHOOL, a school for
the destitute; RAGG'ED-STAFF (_her._), a knotted stick with short stumps of
branches on each side. [Cf. _Rag_.]
RAGGEE, rag'[=e], _n._ a species of millet, grown in Southern India.
[Hind.]
RAGGLE, rag'l, _v.t._ to notch irregularly.--_n._ a ragged piece. [Freq. of
_rag_.]
RAGLAN, rag'lan, _n._ a loose, wide-sleeved overcoat. [From Lord _Raglan_
(1788-1855), commander of the English forces in the Crimea.]
RAGMAN-ROLL, rag'man-r[=o]l, _n._ a parchment roll with pendent seals, any
important document, esp. the collection of instruments by which the Scotch
nobles subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, 1291-2-6, and at the
parliament of Berwick: a vague story (cf. _Rigmarole_). [Prob. Ice.
_ragmenni_, a craven--_ragr_, cowardly (A.S. _earg_), _madhr_, man.]
RAGNARÖK, rag'na-r[=oo]k', _n._ the end of the world when the gods (Odin,
Thor, &c.) shall be overcome by their enemies and the world burnt up. [Ice.
_ragna rökr_, twilight of the gods--_rögn_, _régin_, the gods, _rökr_,
darkness; but orig. _ragna rök_, the history of the gods--_rök_, reason,
judgment.]
RAGOUT, ra-g[=oo]', _n._ a stew of meat with kitchen herbs, the French
equivalent of Irish stew: any spicy mixture or combination, even of
persons. [Fr.,--_ragoûter_, to restore the appetite--L. _re_, again, Fr.
_à_ (=_ad_), to, _goût_--L. _gustus_, taste.]
RAGULY, rag'[=u]-li, _adj._ (_her._) ragged or notched at the edges.--Also
RAG'ULED.
RAGWORT, rag'wurt, _n._ any one of several herbs of genus _Senecio_: a
large coarse weed with a yellow flower.--GOLDEN RAGWORT, a North American
plant; WOOLLY RAGWORT, a plant from one to three feet high, found in the
United States, and covered with hoary wool. [_Rag_, and A.S. _wyrt_, a
plant.]
RAHU, rä'h[=oo], _n._ in Hindu mythology, the demon who causes eclipses of
sun and moon.
RAIBLE, r[=a]'bl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ a Scotch form of _rabble_.
RAID, r[=a]d, _n._ a hostile or predatory invasion: a sudden onset: an
irruption, as if for assault or seizure.--_v.t._ to make a sudden
attack.--_n._ RAID'ER, one who makes a raid.--RAID THE MARKET, to derange
prices by a panic. [A.S. _rád_, a riding; Ice. _reidh_.]
RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a bar of timber or metal extending from one support to
another, as in fences, staircases, &c.: one of those steel bars used on the
permanent way of a railway, generally of that form known as the T-rail: a
barrier: the railway as a means of travel or transport: (_archit._) the
horizontal part of a frame and panel: (_naut._) the forecastle-rail,
poop-rail, and top-rail are bars across the forecastle, &c.--_v.t._ to
enclose with rails: to furnish with rails.--_ns._ RAIL'-BEND'ER, a
screw-press for straightening rails; RAIL'-BOR'ER, a hand-drill for rails;
RAIL'-CHAIR, an iron block by which the rails are secured to the sleepers;
RAIL'-CLAMP, a wedge for clamping a rail firmly; RAIL'-COUP'LING, a bar by
which the opposite rails of a railway are connected at curves, switches,
&c.; RAIL'-GUARD, a guard-rail before a front wheel; RAIL'ING, a fence of
posts and rails: material for rails; RAIL'-PUNCH, a machine for punching
holes in the webs of rails; RAIL'ROAD, RAIL'WAY, a road or way laid with
iron rails on which carriages run.--_v.t._ RAIL'ROAD (_U.S._), to push
forward fast.--_ns._ RAIL'ROADER, one employed about a railway;
RAIL'ROAD-WORM, the apple maggot; RAIL'-SAW, a portable machine for sawing
off metal rails; RAIL'-SPLIT'TER (_U.S._), one who splits logs into rails
for a fence; RAIL'WAY-CAR, a vehicle for the transportation of passengers
and goods; RAIL'WAY-CARR'IAGE, a carriage for the conveyance of passengers;
RAIL'WAY-CROSS'ING, an intersection of railway-lines: an intersection of an
ordinary road with a railroad; RAIL'WAY-SLIDE, a turn-table;
RAIL'WAY-STITCH, a loose and rapid stitch in knitting or crochet-work;
RAIL'WAY-TRAIN (see TRAIN).--RAILWAY COMPANY, a stock company formed for
the construction and working of a railway, usually organised by a
legislative enactment.--ELEVATED RAILWAY, an elevated bridge-like structure
used for railway purposes, to avoid obstruction of surface roadways;
MILITARY RAILWAY, a railway equipped for military service, the locomotives
being armoured, and the carriages armour-plated and provided with portholes
for rifles; PORTABLE RAILWAY, a light railway made in detachable sections,
and so suited for carrying easily from place to place. [Low Ger. _regel_,
prob. through O. Fr. _reille_; cf. Ger. _riegel_, a bar. Some refer to L.
_regula_ through O. Fr. _reille_.]
RAIL, r[=a]l, _v.i._ to brawl: to use insolent language.--_v.t._ to scoff
at, affect by railing.--_n._ RAIL'ER, one who rails: one who insults or
defames by opprobrious language.--_adj._ RAIL'ING, reproachful,
insulting.--_n._ reproachful and insulting language.--_adv._ RAIL'INGLY, in
a railing manner: scoffingly: insultingly.--_n._ RAILLERY (r[=a]l'[.e]r-i,
or ral'-), railing or mockery: banter: good-humoured irony. [Fr.
_railler_--L. _rallum_, a hoe--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.]
RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a genus of wading-birds with a harsh cry.--_n._
RAIL'-BIRD, the Carolina rail.--GOLDEN RAIL, a rail snipe. [O. Fr. _rasle_
(Fr. _râle_)--Old Dut. _ratelen_, to rattle.]
RAIL, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to flow or pour down.
RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a robe--now only in _Night-rail_.
RAIMENT, r[=a]'ment, _n._ that in which one is dressed: clothing in
general. [For _arraiment_. Cf. _Array_.]
RAIN, r[=a]n, _n._ water from the clouds in drops: a shower: a fall of any
substance through the atmosphere in the manner of rain.--_v.i._ to fall
from the clouds: to drop like rain.--_v.t._ to pour like rain.--_ns._
RAIN'BAND, a dark band in the solar spectrum; RAIN'-BIRD, a bird, like the
RAIN'-CROW, supposed to foretell rain by its cries and actions; RAIN'BOW,
the brilliant-coloured bow or arch seen when rain is falling opposite the
sun, called _lunar rainbow_ when formed by the moon; RAIN'BOW-DART'ER, the
soldier-fish.--_adjs._ RAIN'BOWED, formed with, or like, a rainbow;
RAIN'BOW-TINT'ED, having tints like those of a rainbow: iridescent.--_ns._
RAIN'BOW-TROUT, a variety of the Californian salmon; RAIN'-CHAM'BER, an
attachment to a furnace in which the fumes of any metal are condensed;
RAIN'-CHART, -MAP, a chart giving information as to the distribution of
rain in any part of the world; RAIN'-CLOUD, a cloud in meteorology called
nimbus; RAIN'DROP, a drop of rain; RAIN'FALL, a fall of rain: the amount of
water that falls in a given time in the form of rain; RAIN'-GAUGE, an
instrument for measuring the quantity of rain that falls; RAIN'INESS, the
state of being rainy.--_adj._ RAIN'LESS, without rain.--_ns._ RAIN'-MAK'ER,
-DOC'TOR, a sorcerer, as those of Africa, professing to bring rain;
RAIN'-POUR, a heavy rainfall; RAIN'-PRINT, one of the small pits seen on
the surfaces of some argillaceous rocks, and believed to be the impressions
of raindrops.--_adjs._ RAIN'-PROOF, -TIGHT, impervious to rain.--_ns._
RAIN'STORM; RAIN'-TREE, the genisaro of South America; RAIN'-WA'TER, water
which falls in rain from the clouds.--_adj._ RAIN'Y, abounding with rain:
showery.--RAIN CATS AND DOGS (see CAT).--A RAINY DAY (_fig._), a time of
need or hardship: future want or need; THE FORMER AND THE LATTER RAIN,
Palestine, the rain in spring and in autumn: rain in its season. [A.S.
_regn_, _rén_, rain; Dut. and Ger. _regen_, Ice. _regn_.]
RAINDEER. Same as REINDEER.
RAISE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to cause to rise: to lift up: to hoist: to set
upright: to originate or produce: to bring together: to cause to grow or
breed: to produce: to give rise to: to exalt: to increase the strength of:
to excite: to collect: muster: (_Scot._) to rouse, inflame: to recall from
death: to cause to swell, as dough: to extol: to bring up: to remove, take
off, as a blockade: to collect, as to raise a company: to give rise to, as
to raise a laugh.--_n._ an ascent, a cairn: (_coll._) an enlargement,
increase.--_adj._ RAIS'ABLE, capable of being raised.--_ns._ RAIS'ER, one
who, or that which, raises a building, &c.: (_archit._) the upright board
on the front of a step in a flight of steps; RAIS'ING, the act of lifting:
the embossing of sheet-metal by hammering or stamping: the process of
deepening colours in dyeing: that with which bread is raised; RAIS'ING-BEE,
a gathering of neighbours to help in raising the frame of a house, &c.;
RAIS'ING-BOARD, a ribbed board by which to raise the grain of leather;
RAIS'ING-GIG, a machine for raising a nap on cloth; RAIS'ING-PIECE, a piece
of timber laid on a brick wall, or on a frame, to carry a beam or beams;
RAIS'ING-PLATE, a horizontal timber supporting the heels of rafters.--RAISE
A SIEGE, to relinquish a siege, or cause this to be done; RAISE BREAD, to
make it light, as by yeast or leaven; RAISE CAIN, THE DEVIL, HELL, THE
MISCHIEF, &c., to create confusion or riot; RAISED BEACH (_geol._), a
terrace of gravel, &c., marking the margin of an ancient sea; RAISED
EMBROIDERY, that in which the pattern is raised in relief from the ground;
RAISED WORK, in lace-making, work having the edge or some other part of the
pattern raised in relief; RAISE MONEY ON, to get money by pawning
something; RAISE ONE'S DANDER (see DANDER); RAISE THE MARKET UPON
(_coll._), to charge more than the regular price; RAISE THE WIND, to obtain
money by any shift. [M. E. _reisen_--Ice. _reisa_, causal of _rísa_, to
rise. Cf. _Rise_.]
RAISIN, r[=a]'zn, _n._ a dried ripe grape.--RAISIN WINE, wine made from
dried grapes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_, a bunch of grapes.]
RAISON D'ÊTRE, r[=a]-zong' d[=a]'tr, _n._ reason or excuse for being:
rational ground for existence.--_adj._ RAISONNÉ (r[=a]-zo-n[=a]'), reasoned
out, systematic, as in 'catalogue raisonné.' [Fr. _raison_, reason, _de_,
of, _être_, to be.]
RAJAH, RAJA, rä'ja, _n._ a native prince or king in Hindustan.--_ns._ RAJ
(räj), rule; RA'JAHSHIP, the dignity or principality of a rajah; RAJPOOT,
RAJPUT (räj-poot'), a member of various tribes in India, descended either
from the old royal races of the Hindus or from the warrior caste. [Sans.
_r[=a]jan_, a king, cog. with L. _rex_; Sans. _putra_, a son.]
RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ an instrument with teeth or pins for smoothing earth,
&c.: any tool consisting of a flat blade at right angles to a long
handle.--_v.t._ to scrape with something toothed: to draw together: to
gather with difficulty: to level with a rake: to search diligently: to pass
over violently and swiftly: (_naut._) to fire into, as a ship, lengthwise:
to inter or hide, as by raking earth over a body.--_v.i._ to work with a
rake: to search minutely.--_ns._ R[=A]'KER; R[=A]'KING, the act or
operation of using a rake: the space raked at once: the quantity collected
at once with a rake: sharp criticism.--_adj._ such as to rake, as a raking
fire.--RAKE HELL, to search even hell to find a person equally bad; RAKE
UP, to cover with material raked or scraped together: to draw from
oblivion, to revive. [A.S. _raca_, a rake; Ger. _rechen_, Ice. _reka_, a
shovel.]
RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ [Contr. of _rakehell_.]
RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ (_naut._) the projection of the stem and stern of a ship
beyond the extremities of the keel: the inclination of a mast from the
perpendicular.--_v.i._ to incline from the perpendicular or the
horizontal.--_v.t._ to cause to incline or slope.--_adj._ R[=A]'KISH,
having a rake or inclination of the masts.--_adv._ R[=A]'KISHLY. [Scand.,
Sw. _raka_, to reach.]
RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ a dissolute person: a libertine.--_v.i._ to lead a
debauched life, esp. to make a practice of lechery.--_n._ RAKE'HELL, a
rascal or villain: a debauchee.--_adjs._ RAKE'HELL, -Y, dissolute.--_ns._
RAKEHELL[=O]'NIAN, a rakehell; R[=A]'KERY, dissoluteness; RAKE'SHAME
(_Milt._), a base, dissolute wretch.--_adj._ R[=A]'KISH, like a rake:
dissolute: debauched.--_adv._ R[=A]'KISHLY.--_n._ R[=A]'KISHNESS,
dissoluteness: the state of being rakish or dissolute: dissolute practices.
[Corr. of M. E. _rakel_, corr. into _rakehell_, shortened to _rake_;
Scand., as Sw. _rakkel_, a vagabond, Ice. _reikall_, unsettled--_reika_, to
wander.]
RAKE, r[=a]k, _v.i._ (_prov._) to wander, to take a course, proceed:
(_hunting_) of a hawk, to fly wide of the game: of a dog, to follow a wrong
course.--RAKE ABOUT (_Scot._), to gad or wander about. [M. E. _raken_--A.S.
_racian_, to run; confused with M. E. _raiken_--Ice. _reika_, to wander.]
RAKI, rak'[=e], _n._ a spirituous liquor used in the Levant and
Greece.--Also RAK'EE. [Turk.]
RAKSHAS, -A, rak'shas, -ä, _n._ in Hindu mythology, one of a class of evil
spirits or genii, generally hideous, frequenting cemeteries.
RÂLE, räl, _n._ (_path._) an abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the
lungs. [Fr.,--_râler_, to rattle--Low Ger. _ratelen_, to rattle.]
RALLENTANDO, ral-len-tan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) becoming slower.--Also
RALLENTA'TO, and abbrev. RALL. [It., _rallentare_, to slacken.]
RALLIER, ral'i-[.e]r, _n._ one who rallies.
RALLUS, ral'us, _n._ a genus containing the true rails, water-rails, and
marsh-hens.--_adjs._ RALL'IFORM; RALL'INE. [_Rail._]
RALLY, ral'i, _v.t._ to gather again: to collect and arrange, as troops in
confusion: to recover.--_v.i._ to reassemble, esp. after confusion: to
recover wasted strength:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rallied (ral'id).--_n._ act
of rallying: a mêlée of pantomimists, as at the end of a transformation
scene: recovery of order: recovery of prices: the return of the ball in
tennis, playing frequently from one side to the other.--_n._
RALL'YING-POINT, a place or person at or about whom people come together
for action. [O. Fr. _rallier_--L. _re-_, again, _ad_, to, _lig[=a]re_, to
bind. Cf. _Ally_.]
RALLY, ral'i, _v.t._ to attack with raillery: to banter.--_v.i._ to
exercise raillery:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rall'ied.--_n._ satirical
merriment.--_adv._ RALL'YINGLY. [Fr. _railler_. A variant of _rail_
(v.i.).]
RALPH, ralf, _n._ (_slang_) the imp of mischief in a printing-house: a
raven.
RAM, ram, _n._ a male sheep, a tup: (_astron._) Aries (q.v.), one of the
signs of the zodiac: an engine of war for battering, with a head like that
of a ram: a hydraulic engine, called water-ram: a ship-of-war armed with a
heavy iron beak for running down a hostile vessel.--_v.t._ to thrust with
violence, as a ram with its head: to force together: to drive hard
down:--_pr.p._ ram'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rammed.--_n._ RAM'-HEAD, an
iron lever for raising great stones: a cuckold. [A.S. _ram_, _rom_; Ger.
_ramm_.]
RAM, ram, _adj._ strong-scented: (used as a prefix) very.--_n._ RAM'-CAT, a
tom-cat.--_adj._ RAM'MISH, strong-scented: lewd.--_n._
RAM'MISHNESS.--_adj._ RAM'MY. [Ice. _ramr_, strong, as Ice. _ramliga_,
strongly.]
RAMADAN, RAMADHAN, ram-a-dan', _n._ the ninth month of the Mohammedan year,
throughout which the faithful are required to fast from dawn to
sunset--prop. RAMAZAN'. [Ar.,--_ramed_, to be hot.]
RAMAL. See RAMUS.
RAMAYANA, rä-mä'ya-nä, _n._ one of the two great epic poems of ancient
India--the history of _Rama_.
RAMBADE, ram'b[=a]d, _n._ the elevated platform built across the prow of a
vessel for boarding. [Fr.]
RAMBLE, ram'bl, _v.i._ to go from place to place without object: to visit
many places: to be desultory, as in discourse.--_n._ a roving about: an
irregular excursion: a place in which to ramble.--_n._ RAM'BLER.--_adj._
RAM'BLING, moving about irregularly: desultory.--_adv._ RAM'BLINGLY, in a
rambling manner. [Freq. of M. E. _ramen_, to roam.]
RAMBUSTIOUS, ram-bus'tyus, _adj._ (_slang_) boisterous.
RAMBUTAN, ram-b[=oo]'tan, _n._ the edible fruit of a lofty Malaysian tree
(_Nephelium lappaceum_).--Also RAMB[=OO]'TAN, RAMBOST'AN. [Malay.]
RAMÉ, ra-m[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) attired. [O. Fr., 'branched.']
RAMEAL, r[=a]'m[=e]-al, _adj._; RAMIFY, &c. See under RAMUS.
RAMED, ramd, _adj._ framed on the stocks, and adjusted by the RAM'-LINE, a
small rope or line used for setting the frames fair, helping to form the
sheer of the ship, &c. [Fr. _rame_, a branch--L. _ramus_.]
RAMEKIN, ram'e-kin, _n._ toasted cheese and bread. [Fr. _ramequin_--Old
Flem. _rammeken_.]
RAMENT, r[=a]-ment', _n._ (_bot._) a bristle-shaped leaflet in the angle of
a petiole:--_pl._ R[=A]MEN'TA, loose foliaceous scales on plants, esp. on
the petioles and leaves of ferns.--_adj._ R[=A]MENT[=A]'CEOUS (_bot._),
covered with ramenta. [L. _ramenta_, scrapings, pl. of
_ramentum_--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.]
RAMFEEZLE, ram-f[=e]'zl, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to weary out.
RAMGUNSHOCK, ram-gun'shok, _adj._ (_Scot._) rough.
RAMICORN, r[=a]'mi-korn, _n._ the horny sheath of the side of the lower
mandible in birds.--_adj._ possessing ramified antennæ. [L. _ramus_,
branch, _cornu_, horn.]
RAMIE, RAMEE, ram'[=e], _n._ China-grass, _Boehmeria nivea_, or its fibre,
long used in the East for ropes and cordage, and for cloth in China and
Japan.--Also _Rhea_ and _China-grass_. [Malay.]
RAMIFY, RAMIFICATION, &c. See under RAMUS.
RAMILIE, ram'il-[=e], _n._ a name applied to various 18th-cent. articles or
fashions of dress, in honour of Marlborough's victory over the French at
_Ramillies_ in Belgium in 1706--esp. to a form of cocked hat, and to a wig
with a long plaited tail.
RAMISM, r[=a]'mizm, _n._ the system of logic of Peter _Ramus_ (1515-72).
RAM-LINE, ram'-l[=i]n. See under RAMED.
RAMMEL, ram'el, _n._ refuse wood.--_v.i._ to turn to rubbish. [Through Fr.
and Low L. forms from L. _ramus_, a branch.]
RAMMER, ram'[.e]r, _n._ one who, or that which, rams or drives: an
instrument used by founders and pavers for ramming, also by gunners.
RAMOLLESCENCE, ram-o-les'ens, _n._ softening, mollifying.--_n._
RAMOLLISSE'MENT, a morbid softening of some organ or tissue of the body.
RAMOON, ra-m[=oo]n', _n._ a West Indian mulberry. [Sp.,--L. _ramus_, a
branch.]
RAMOSE, r[=a]'m[=o]s, _adj._ branching, much-branched: (_bot._) branched as
a stem or root.--_adv._ R[=A]'MOSELY.--_adj._ R[=A]'MOUS, branched,
branchy.
RAMP, ramp, _v.i._ to climb or creep up, as a plant: to leap or bound: to
adapt a piece of iron to the woodwork of a gate.--_n._ a leap or bound: a
gradual slope or inclined plane between one level and another: a concave
bend at the top or cap of a railing, wall, or coping: a romp.--_adj._
RAMP[=A]'CIOUS=_Rampageous_ (q.v.).--_ns._ RAMP[=A]'DGEON, a furious
fellow; RAM'P[=A]GE, or RAMP[=A]GE', a state of passion or
excitement.--_v.i._ to storm or prance violently.--_adj._ RAMP[=A]'GEOUS,
unruly: boisterous: glaring.--_ns._ RAMP[=A]'GEOUSNESS; RAMPALL'IAN
(_Shak._), a mean wretch; RAMP'ER, a ruffian who infests race-courses;
RAMPS'MAN (_slang_), a highway robber. [Fr. _ramper_, to creep, to clamber;
from the Teut.; cf. Low Ger. _rappen_, to snatch, Ger. _raffen_.]
[Illustration]
RAMPANT, ramp'ant, _adj._ overgrowing usual bounds: rank in growth:
overleaping restraint: (_her._) standing on the hind-legs.--_n._ RAMP'ANCY,
state of being rampant.--_adv._ RAMP'ANTLY.--RAMPANT ARCH, an arch whose
abutments are not on the same level.
RAMPART, ram'part, _n._ that which defends from assault or danger:
(_fort._) a mound or wall surrounding a fortified place.--_v.t._ to fortify
with ramparts, to strengthen. [O. Fr. _rempart_ (orig.
_rempar_)--_remparer_, to defend--_re_, again, _em_, to (=_en_), in,
_parer_, to defend--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare.]
RAMPICK, ram'pik, _n._ any dead tree--also RAM'PIKE.--_adj._ RAM'PICKED.
[Prob. _ran_, as in _roan_-tree, _rantle_-tree, and _pick_ or _pike_.]
RAMPION, ram'pi-on, _n._ a perennial plant with esculent root. [Prob.
through It. and Low L. forms from L. _rapum_, _rapa_, a turnip.]
RAMPIRE, ram'p[=i]r, _n._=_Rampart_.--_adj._ RAM'PIRED.
RAMPLER, ramp'l[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a roving fellow.
RAMROD, ram'rod, _n._ a rod used in ramming down the charge in a gun.--_n._
RAM'ROD-BAY'ONET.--_adj._ RAM'RODDY, stiff like a ramrod.
RAMSHACKLE, ram'shak'l, _adj._ tumble-down: ill-made: out of repair--also
RAM'SHACKLED.--_n._ (_Scot._) a careless fellow.--_adj._ RAM'SHACKLY. [Ice.
_ramskakkr_, quite wrong--_ramr_, strong, very, _skakkr_, wry, unequal.]
RAMSHACKLE, ram'shak'l, _v.t._=_Ransack_.
RAMSHORN, ramz'horn, _n._ a semicircular work of low profile in the ditch
of a fortified place: an ammonite: a fossil cephalopod.
RAMSKIN, ram'skin, _n._ a cake made of dough mixed with grated cheese.
[Prob. _Ramekin_.]
RAMSONS, ram'zonz, _n.pl._ broad-leaved garlic. [A.S. _hramsan_ (pl.), with
pl. _-s_ added.]
RAMSTAM, ram'stam, _adj._ reckless: (_Scot._) forward.--_adv._
headlong.--_n._ a headstrong, giddy person. [_Ram_, intens. pfx., _stam_, a
form of _stamp_.]
RAMUS, r[=a]'mus, _n._ a small spray or twig.--_adjs._ R[=A]'MAL,
R[=A]'MEAL, pertaining to a branch; R[=A]'M[=E]OUS (_bot._), belonging to,
or growing on, a branch.--_n._ RAMIFIC[=A]'TION, division or separation
into branches: a branch: a division or subdivision: (_bot._) manner of
producing branches.--_adjs._ RAM'IFIED, branched; RAMIFL[=O]'ROUS,
flowering on the branches; R[=A]'MIFORM (_bot._), resembling a
branch.--_v.t._ RAM'IFY, to make or divide into branches.--_v.i._ to shoot
into branches: to be divided or spread out:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._
ram'if[=i]ed.--_adj._ RAMIP'AROUS, producing branches.--_ns._ RAM'ULE,
RAM'ULUS, a small branch or artery.--_adjs._ RAM[=U]LIF'EROUS,
RAM'[=U]LOSE, RAM'[=U]LOUS, having small branches.--_n._ RAMUS'C[=U]LE, a
branchlet. [L. _ramus_, a branch.]
RAN, _pa.t._ of _run_.
RANA, r[=a]'na, _n._ the genus of the frogs.--_n._ RAN[=A]'RIUM, a place
where frogs are reared. [L., 'a frog.']
RANA, rä'nä, _n._ prince or chief in Rajputana. [Hind.]
RANCE, rans, _n._ a prop, as for the support of a congreve-rocket. [O. Fr.
_ranche_--L. _ramex_, _-icis_, a staff--_ramus_, a branch.]
RANCH, ranch, _n._ a stock farm in the west part of the United
States.--_v.i._ to manage or work upon a ranch--also RANCHE,
RANCH'O.--_ns._ RANCH'ER, RANCHERO (ran-ch[=a]'r[=o]), RANCH'MAN, one
employed in ranching; RANCHERIA (ran-ch[=a]-r[=e]'a), a herdsman's hut: a
village of herdsmen: a settlement of Indians; RANCH'ING, the business of
cattle-breeding. [Sp. _rancho_, prop. 'mess' or 'mess-room;' in Mexico, a
herdsman's hut, a grazing-farm.]
RANCH, ransh, _v.t._ (_Dryden_) to tear, wound. [_Wrench_.]
RANCID, ran'sid, _adj._ partially decomposed (used of oil or any greasy
substance): sour: disgusting.--_adj._ RANCES'CENT, becoming rancid.--_adv._
RAN'CIDLY.--_ns._ RAN'CIDNESS, RANCID'ITY, the quality of being rancid. [L.
_rancidus_, putrid.]
RANCOUR, rang'kur, _n._ deep-seated enmity: spite: virulence: (_Shak._)
sourness.--_adjs._ (_obs._) RANCK=_Rank_; RAN'COROUS, malicious:
virulent.--_adv._ RAN'COROUSLY. [Fr.,--L. _rancor_, an old
grudge--_rancere_, to be rancid.]
RAND, rand, _n._ a strip of flesh or of leather: one of the slips beneath
the heel of the shoe, called the _heel-rand_: a margin, border, edge, of a
stream: a territory, as the Rand in the Transvaal.--_ns._
RAND'ING-MACHINE', a machine for fitting rands to heel-blanks;
RAND'ING-TOOL, a tool for cutting out rands for shoes. [A.S. _rand_,
_rond_, border.]
RAND, rand, _v.i._ an old form of _rant_.
RANDALL-GRASS, ran'dal-gras, _n._ the meadow fescue.
RANDAN, ran'dan, _n._ a noise or uproar: a spree--in phrase, 'On the
randan:' the finest part of the bran of wheat: a boat impelled by three
oarsmen--also RANDAN GIG. [Prob. from _rand_, a variant of _rant_.]
RANDLE-BAR, ran'dl-bar, _n._ the horizontal bar in an open chimney on which
cooking-vessels are hung.--Also RAN'DLE-BALK.
RANDLE-TREE. See RANTLE-TREE.
RANDOM, ran'dum, _adj._ done or uttered at haphazard: left to chance:
aimless--(_obs._) RAN'DON.--_n._ something done without aim, chance--now
only in phrase, AT RANDOM, haphazard.--_adv._ RAN'DOMLY, without direction:
by chance. [O. Fr. _randon_, urgency, haste; from Teut.; Ger. _rand_, a
brim.]
RANDY, ran'di, _n._ a virago: (_Scot._) a romping girl: a violent beggar.
[_Rand_, _rant_.]
RANEE. See RANI.
RANG, rang, _pa.t._ of _ring_.
RANGE, r[=a]nj, _v.t._ to rank or set in a row: to place in proper order:
to rove or pass over: to sail in a direction parallel to.--_v.i._ to be
placed in order: to lie in a particular direction: to have range or
direction: to rove at large: to beat about, as for game: to sail or pass
near: to be on a level: to extend.--_n._ a row or rank: a class or order: a
wandering: room for passing to and fro: space occupied by anything moving:
capacity of mind: extent of acquirements: the horizontal distance to which
a shot is carried: a space through which a body moves, as the range of a
thermometer: the long cooking-stove of a kitchen: a fire-grate.--_adj._
RANGÉ (_her._), arranged in order, said of small bearings set in a row
fessewise.--_n._ RANGE'-FIND'ER, an instrument for determining the range of
an object by sight.--_n.pl._ RANGE'-LIGHTS, lights placed in line, usually
at or near a lighthouse, so as to direct the course of a ship through a
channel: lights on board ship so placed as to give a ready indication of
changes of course to other vessels.--_n._ RANG'ER, a rover: a dog that
beats the ground: an officer who superintends a forest or park.--_n.pl._
RANG'ERS, a body of mounted troops: a name sometimes taken by clubs of
football players, &c.--_ns._ RANG'ERSHIP; RANGE'-STOVE, a portable
cooking-range.--_adj._ RAN'GY, disposed to roam: roomy. [Fr. _ranger_, to
range--_rang_, a rank.]
RANGIA, ran'ji-a, _n._ a family of bivalves. [From _Rang_, a French
conchologist.]
RANGIFER, ran'ji-fer, _n._ a genus of _Cervidæ_, to which the reindeer
belongs.--_adjs._ RAN'GERINE, RANGIF'ERINE. [O. Fr. _rangier_, a reindeer,
most prob. the Ice. _hreinn_, reindeer, L. _fera_, a wild beast.]
RANI, RANEE, ran'[=e], _n._ the wife of a rajah. [Hind. _r[=a]n[=i]_--Sans.
_r[=a]jñi_, queen, fem. of _r[=a]jan_.]
RANIDÆ, ran'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the largest family of batrachians, including
about 250 species, of several genera.--_adjs._ RAN'IFORM, frog-like;
R[=A]'NINE, pertaining to frogs; R[=A]NIV'OROUS, frog-eating. [L. _rana_, a
frog.]
RANK, rangk, _n._ a row or line, esp. of soldiers standing side by side:
class or order: grade or degree: station: high social position or
standing.--_v.t._ to place in a line: to range in a particular class: to
place methodically: to take rank over.--_v.i._ to be placed in a rank or
class: to have a certain degree of distinction: to be admitted as a claim
against the property of a bankrupt.--_n._ RANK'ER, one who arranges or
disposes in ranks: an officer who has risen from the ranks.--RANK AND FILE,
the whole body of common soldiers.--TAKE RANK OF, to have the right to take
a higher place than; TAKE RANK WITH, to take the same rank as; THE RANKS,
the order of common soldiers. [O. Fr. _renc_ (Fr. _rang_)--Old High Ger.
_hring_ or _hrinc_, Eng. _ring_.]
RANK, rangk, _adj._ growing high and luxuriantly: coarse from excessive
growth: raised to a high degree: excessive: very fertile: strong-scented:
strong-tasted: rancid: utter, as rank nonsense: coarse: indecent: (_Shak._)
ruttish: (_slang_) eager: (_law_) excessive: (_mech._) cutting
deeply.--_adv._ (_Spens._) rankly, fiercely.--_v.i._ RANK'LE, to be
inflamed: to fester: to be a source of disquietude or excitement: to
rage.--_v.t._ to irritate.--_adv._ RANK'LY, offensively: to an inordinate
degree.--_n._ RANK'NESS, exuberant growth: (_Shak._) insolence.--_adjs._
RANK'-R[=I]'DING, hard-riding; RANK'-SCENT'ED (_Shak._), strong-scented:
rancid. [A.S. _ranc_, fruitful, rank; Ice. _rakkr_, bold, Dan. _rank_,
lank, slender.]
RANSACK, ran'sak, _v.t._ to search thoroughly: to plunder: to
pillage.--_n._ eager search.--_n._ RAN'SACKER. [Scand. _rannsaka_--_rann_,
a house, _sak_ (_sækja_), Eng. _seek_.]
RANSOM, ran'sum, _n._ price paid for redemption from captivity or
punishment: release from captivity: atonement: expiation.--_v.t._ to redeem
from captivity, punishment, or ownership: (_Shak._) to set free for a
price: (_Shak._) to expiate.--_adj._ RAN'SOMABLE.--_n._ RAN'SOMER.--_adj._
RAN'SOMLESS, without ransom: incapable of being ransomed. [Fr. _rançon_--L.
_redemptio_; cf. _Redemption_.]
RANT, rant, _v.i._ to use extravagant language: to be noisy in words: to be
noisily merry.--_n._ empty declamation: bombast: (_Scot._) a frolic.--_ns._
RANT'ER, a noisy talker: a jovial fellow: a boisterous preacher: a byname
for the Primitive Methodists: a nickname applied to the members of a sect
of the Commonwealth time; RANT'ERISM.--_adv._ RANT'INGLY,
boisterously.--_adj._ RANT'IPOLE, wild.--_n._ a reckless fellow. [Old Dut.
_ranten_, to rave; Low Ger. _randen_, Ger. _ranzen_.]
RANTLE-TREE, ran'tl-tr[=e], _n._ (_Scot._) a beam built into the gable of a
cottage.
RANULA, ran'[=u]-la, _n._ a tumour on the tongue of cattle.--_adj._
RAN'[=U]LAR. [L.]
RANUNCULUS, r[=a]-nung'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of plants, including the
crowfoot, buttercup, &c.:--_pl._ R[=A]NUN'CUL[=I],
R[=A]NUN'CULUSES.--_adj._ R[=A]NUNCUL[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to, or
resembling, plants of the order of which the ranunculus is the typical
genus. [L., a dim. of _rana_, a frog.]
RANZ-DES-VACHES, rong'-d[=a]-väsh', _n._ a melody of the Swiss, played on
the alpenhorn. [Swiss Fr., either 'the lowing of the cows' or 'the line of
cows.' _Vaches_, pl. of _vache_--L. _vacca_, a cow; _ranz_, either Swiss
dial. _ranz_ (cf. Ger. _ranzen_), or for _rangs_, pl. of rang, a line.]
RAP, rap, _n._ a sharp blow: a knock, or a sound made by knocking: a
counterfeit coin current in Ireland for a halfpenny in the time of George
I.--hence, 'Not worth a rap.'--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to strike with a quick
blow: to knock: to utter sharply, as to rap out a lie: to swear
falsely:--_pr.p._ rap'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rapped.--_n._ RAP'PER, one
who raps: a door-knocker. [Scand., as Dan. _rap_; imit.]
RAP, rap, _v.t._ to seize and carry off: to transport out of one's self: to
affect with rapture:--_pr.p._ rap'ping; _pa.p._ rapped or rapt. [Scand., as
Ice. _hrapa_, to rush headlong, cog. with Ger. _raffen_, to snatch.]
RAPACIOUS, ra-p[=a]'shus, _adj._ seizing by violence: given to plunder:
ravenous: greedy of gain.--_n._ RAP[=A]'CES, the beasts and birds of
prey.--_adv._ RAP[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ RAP[=A]'CIOUSNESS, RAPAC'ITY, the
quality of being rapacious: ravenousness: extortion. [L. _rapax_,
_rapacis_--_rap[)e]re_, _raptum_, to seize and carry off.]
RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ the act of seizing and carrying away by force: carnal
knowledge of a woman without her consent.--_adj._ RAPE'FUL, given to
violence or lust. [M. E. _rapen_, to haste, a variant of _rappen_, to
seize, confused with L. _rap[)e]re_, to snatch.]
RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ a division of the county of Sussex, greater than the
hundred. [Ice. _hreppr_, district.]
RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ a plant nearly allied to the turnip, cultivated for its
herbage and oil-producing seeds: cole-seed.--_ns._ RAPE'-CAKE, cake made of
the refuse, after the oil has been expressed from the rape-seed; RAPE'-OIL,
oil obtained from rape-seed; RAPE'-SEED, the seed of the rape, cole-seed.
[Through Fr. from L. _rapa_, _rapum_, a turnip; cog. with Gr. _rhapys_.]
RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ the stalk and skin of grapes.
RAP-FULL, rap'-fool, _adj._ full of wind--of sails when close-hauled.--_n._
a sail full of wind.
RAPHAELESQUE, raf-[=a]-el-esk', _adj._ in the manner of the great Italian
painter _Raphael_, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1520).--_ns._
RAPH'[=A]ELISM, the principles of art of Raphael; RAPH'[=A]ELITE, one who
follows the principles of Raphael; RAPH'[=A]ELITISM.
RAPHANIA, raf-[=a]'ni-a, _n._ ergotism, a disease occurring in two forms, a
spasmodic and a gangrenous, due to the use of rye, wheat, rice, &c., in
which a poisonous fungus has developed.--_n._ RAPH'ANUS, a genus of
_Cruciferæ_, the radish family.
RAPHE, r[=a]'f[=e], _n._ (_anat._) a seam-like union of two lateral halves,
either a median septum of connective tissue or a longitudinal ridge: the
fibro-vascular cord joining the hilum of an anatropous or amphitropous
ovule or seed with the chalaza: a line or rib connecting the nodules on a
diatom-valve. [Gr. _rhaph[=e]_, a seam.]
RAPHIA, r[=a]'fi-a, _n._ a genus of handsome pinnately-leaved palms.
[Malagasy.]
RAPHIDES, raf'i-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ crystals found in the interior of the cells
of plants:--_sing._ R[=A]'PHIS.--_adjs._ R[=A]PHID'IAN, RAPHIDIF'EROUS.
[Gr. _rhaphis_, _rhaphidos_, a needle--_rhaptein_, to sew.]
RAPHIGRAPH, raf'i-graf, _n._ a kind of typewriter for the blind, pricking
characters in paper by needle-points. [Gr. _rhaphis_, a needle, _graphein_,
to write.]
RAPID, rap'id, _adj._ hurrying along: very swift: speedy.--_n._ that part
of a river where the current is most rapid (gen. in _pl._).--_n._
RAPID'ITY, quickness of motion or utterance: swiftness: velocity.--_adv._
RAP'IDLY.--_n._ RAP'IDNESS. [Fr. _rapide_--L. _rapidus_--_rap[)e]re_, to
seize.]
RAPIDAMENTE, ra-p[=e]-dä-men'te, _adv._ (_mus._) rapidly.--_adv._ RAP'IDO,
with rapidity. [It.]
RAPIER, r[=a]'pi-[.e]r, _n._ a light, highly tempered, edgeless, thrusting
weapon, finely pointed, and about 3 feet in length, long the favourite
weapon in duelling.--_n._ R[=A]'PIER-FISH, a swordfish. [Fr. _rapière_,
prob. from Sp. _raspadera_--_raspar_, _rapar_, to rasp.]
RAPINE, rap'in, _n._ act of seizing and carrying away forcibly: plunder:
violence. [Fr.,--L. _rapina_--_rap[)e]re_, to seize.]
RAPING, r[=a]'ping, _adj._ (_her._) tearing its prey: (_obs._)
transporting, ravishing.
RAPLOCH, rap'loh, _n._ and _adj._ (_Scot._) homespun.
RAPPAREE, rap-ar-[=e]', _n._ a wild Irish plunderer: a vagabond. [Ir.
_rapaire_, a robber.]
RAPPEE, ra-p[=e]', _n._ a coarse, strong-flavoured snuff. [Fr. _râpé_,
rasped, grated--_râper_, to rasp.]
RAPPEL, ra-pel', _n._ the beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms. [Fr.]
RAPPER, rap'[.e]r, _n._ one who raps, esp. a spiritualistic medium: a
swinging knocker for making signals at the mouth of a shaft: a loud oath or
bold lie.--_adj._ RAP'PING (_prov._), remarkably large.
RAPPORT, ra-p[=o]r', _n._ accord, as in the French phrase, 'en rapport,' in
harmony. [Fr.]
RAPPROCHEMENT, ra-pr[=o]sh'mong, _n._ reunion. [Fr.]
RAPSCALLION, rap-skal'yun, _n._ a rascal: a wretch. [_Rascallion_.]
RAPT, rapt, _adj._ raised to rapture: transported: ravished:--_pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ of _rap_ (2).--_v.t._ (_obs._) to grasp or carry off.--_n._
RAP'TOR, a ravisher. [_Rap_, to seize, influenced by L. _rap[)e]re_, to
snatch.]
RAPTORES, rap-t[=o]'r[=e]z, _n.pl._ an order of birds of prey distinguished
by a hooked bill and sharp claws, and including the vultures, falcons, and
owls--also RAPTAT[=O]'RES.--_adjs._ RAPT[=O]'RIAL, seizing by violence, as
a bird of prey; RAPT[=O]'RIOUS. [L. _raptor_, a plunderer--_rap[)e]re_, to
seize.]
RAPTURE, rap't[=u]r, _n._ a seizing and carrying away: extreme delight:
transport: ecstasy.--_adj._ RAP'T[=U]RED.--_n._ RAP'T[=U]RIST (_Spens._),
one filled with rapture.--_adj._ RAP'T[=U]ROUS, seizing and carrying away:
ecstatic.--_adv._ RAP'T[=U]ROUSLY.
RARA AVIS, r[=a]'ra [=a]'vis, _n._ a rare bird: a remarkable person:--_pl._
R[=A]'RÆ [=A]'VES. [L.]
RARE, r[=a]r, _adj._ (_comp._ R[=A]'RER; _superl._ R[=A]'REST) thin: not
dense, as rarefied atmosphere: sparse: seldom met with: uncommon:
excellent: especially good: extraordinary.--_ns._ R[=A]RE'BIT, an erroneous
form of _Welsh-rabbit_; RAREFAC'TION, act of rarefying: expansion of
aëriform bodies.--_adj._ RAR'EFIABLE, capable of being rarefied.--_v.t._
RAREFY (rar'e-f[=i], or r[=a]'re-f[=i]), to make rare, thin, or less dense:
to expand a body.--_v.i._ to become less dense:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._
rar'efied.--_adv._ R[=A]RE'LY, seldom: remarkably well.--_ns._
R[=A]RE'NESS, tenuity: scarcity; RARITY (rar'i-ti), state of being rare:
thinness: subtilty: something valued for its scarcity: uncommonness.
[Fr.,--L. _r[=a]rus_.]
RARE, r[=a]r, _adj._ underdone--of meat. [A.S. _hr[=e]r_.]
RAREE-SHOW, rar'[=e]-sh[=o], _n._ a show carried about in a box: a
peep-show. [A corr. of _rarity-show_.]
RARERIPE, r[=a]r'r[=i]p, _adj._ early ripe. [_Rathripe_.]
RAS, ras, _n._ the chief vizier in Abyssinia: a headland, cape. [Ar.,
'head.']
RASANT, r[=a]'zant, _adj._ (_fort._) sweeping or flanking, applied to fire.
[Fr.]
RASCAL, ras'kal, _n._ a dishonest fellow: a knave, rogue, scamp.--_adj._
worthless: mean.--_ns._ RAS'CALDOM, the class of rascals; RAS'CALISM,
RASCAL'ITY, mean trickery or dishonesty: fraud: villainy: the
rabble.--_adj._ RAS'CALLIEST (_Shak._, _superl._ of Rascally).--_n._
RASCALL'ION, a rascal: one of the lowest people: a low, mean
wretch.--_adjs._ RAS'CALLY, RAS'CAL-LIKE, mean: vile: base. [Fr.
_racaille_, scum of the people, through Low L. forms from L. _rad[)e]re_,
_rasum_, to scrape.]
RASE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to scratch or blot out: to efface: to cancel: to level
with the ground, demolish, or ruin (in this sense _raze_ is generally
used).--_n._ a slight wound.--_ns._ R[=A]'SING, in shipbuilding, the act of
marking figures upon timber; R[=A]'SING-[=I]'RON, a caulking-iron for
cleaning the pitch, &c., from a vessel's seams; R[=A]'SING-KNIFE, an edged
tool for making marks on timber, &c.; R[=A]'SION, a scraping: rasure;
R[=A]'SURE, act of scraping, shaving, or erasing: obliterating: an erasure.
[Fr. _raser_--L. _rad[)e]re_, _rasum_, to scrape.]
RASH, rash, _adj._ (_comp._ RASH'ER; _superl._ RASH'EST) hasty: headstrong:
incautious.--_adj._ RASH'-EMBRACED' (_Shak._), rashly undertaken.--_ns._
RASH'ER, a thin slice of broiled bacon, perh. because quickly roasted;
RASH'LING, a rash person.--_adv._ RASH'LY, precipitately.--_n._ RASH'NESS.
[Dan. and Sw. _rask_; Ger. _rasch_, rapid.]
RASH, rash, _n._ a slight eruption on the skin. [O. Fr. _rasche_ (Fr.
_rache_)--L. _rad[)e]re_, to scratch.]
RASH, rash, _v.t._ (_obs._) to tear, to lacerate. [Fr. _arracher_, to
uproot.]
RASKOLNIK, ras-kol'nik, _n._ in Russia, a schismatic, a dissenter from the
orthodox or Greek Church.
RASORIAL, ra-s[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ belonging to an order of birds which
scrape the ground for their food, as the hen.--_n.pl._ RAS[=O]'RES, the
_Gallinæ_. [_Rase_.]
RASP, rasp, _v.t._ to rub with a coarse file: to utter in a grating
manner.--_v.i._ to have a grating effect.--_n._ a coarse file.--_ns._
RASP'ATORY, a surgeon's rasp; RASP'ER, that which rasps: (_coll._) a
difficult fence; RASP'-HOUSE, a place where wood is reduced to powder for
dyeing; RASP'ING, a filing.--_adj._ exasperating.--_adv._
RASP'INGLY.--_ns._ RASP'ING-MACHINE', a bark-cutting machine;
RASP'ING-MILL; RASP'-PUNCH, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps.--_adj._
RASP'Y, rough. [O. Fr. _rasper_ (Fr. _râper_)--Old High Ger. _rasp[=o]n_,
whence Ger. _raspeln_, to rasp.]
RASPBERRY, raz'ber-i, _n._ the fruit of several plants of genus _Rubus_,
the plant producing it--also RASP.--_n._ RASP'BERRY-BUSH, the shrub which
yields the raspberry.--RASPBERRY BORER, the larvæ of one of the
clear-winged sphinxes; RASPBERRY VINEGAR, a drink of raspberry juice,
vinegar, and sugar.
RASTRUM, ras'trum, _n._ a music-pen. [_Rase._]
RAT, rat, _n._ an animal of the genus _Mus_, larger and more destructive
than the mouse: a renegade, turncoat: a workman who accepts lower than the
authorised wages, who declines to join in a strike, or who takes a
striker's work: a roll of anything used to puff out the hair which is
turned over it.--_v.i._ (_coll._) to desert one's party and join their
opponents for gain or power: to take lower than current wages, to refuse to
join in a strike, to take a striker's place:--_pr.p._ rat'ting; _pa.p._ and
_pa.t._ rat'ted.--_ns._ RAT'-CATCH'ER, one whose business it is to catch
rats; RAT'-CATCH'ING; RAT'-HOLE (_print._), a pigeon-hole; RAT'-PIT, an
enclosure where rats are killed; RAT'-POI'SON, a preparation of arsenic;
RAT'S'-BANE, poison for rats: arsenious acid; RAT'-TAIL, an excrescence
growing on a horse's leg.--_adj._ RAT'-TAILED, having a tail like a
rat.--_ns._ RAT'TER, a terrier which catches rats; RAT'TERY, apostasy;
RAT'TING, deserting one's principles: working for less than the usual
prices: setting a dog to kill rats in a pit; RAT'-TRAP, a trap for catching
rats.--RAT-TAILED LARVA, the larva of certain syrphid flies.--SMELL A RAT,
to have a suspicion. [A.S. _ræt_; Ger. _ratte_.]
RATA, rä'ta, _n._ a New Zealand tree related to various species of
Ironwood, its wood once much used for making clubs, and valuable for
shipbuilding.
RATABLE, RATEABLE, r[=a]'ta-bl, _adj._ See RATE.
RATAFIA, rat-a-f[=e]'a, _n._ a flavouring essence made with the essential
oil of almonds: a fancy cake. [Fr.,--Malay _araqtáfía_, from Ar. _`araq_,
Malay _táfía_, rum.]
RATAN, ra-tan', _n._ Same as RATTAN.
RATANY, rat'a-ni, _n._ a perennial procumbent shrub, yielding the medicinal
_ratany root_. [Peruv.]
RATAPLAN, rat-a-plong', _n._ the sound or rattle of the military drum, a
tattoo. [Fr.; imit.]
RAT-A-TAT, rat'-a-tat', _n._ sound of repeated knocks, as of a
drumstick.--Also RAT'-TAT. [Imit.]
RATCH, rach, _n._ a rack or bar with teeth into which a click drops: the
wheel which makes a clock strike: a white mark on the face of a
horse.--_v.t._ to stretch: to streak.--_v.i._ to sail by tacks.--_ns._
RATCH'ET, a bar acting on the teeth of a ratchet-wheel: a click or pall;
RATCH'ET-COUP'LING, a device for uncoupling machinery in the event of a
sudden stoppage; RATCH'ET-DRILL, a tool for drilling holes, the bit mounted
in a stock and rotated by a ratchet-wheel and lever; RATCH'ET-JACK, a form
of screw-jack; RATCH'ET-L[=E]'VER, a lever fitted round a ratchet-wheel;
RATCH'ET-PUNCH, a punch worked by means of a ratchet-lever; RATCH'ET-WHEEL,
a wheel having teeth against which a ratchet abuts, for changing a
reciprocating into a rotatory motion, &c.; RATCH'ET-WRENCH, a ratchet
bed-key wrench.--_adj._ RATCH'ETY, jerky.--_n._ RATCH'MENT (_archit._), a
flying buttress springing from corner principals. [_Rack._]
RATCHEL, rach'el, _n._ (_prov._) broken-stone, hard-pan.--Also RATCH'IL.
RATE, r[=a]t, _n._ a ratio or proportion: allowance: standard: value:
price: the class of a ship and of seamen: movement, as fast or slow: a
tax.--_v.t._ to calculate: to estimate: to settle the relative rank, scale,
or position of.--_v.i._ to make an estimate: to be placed in a certain
class: to ratify.--_ns._ R[=A]TABIL'ITY, R[=A]'TABLENESS, quality of being
ratable.--_adj._ R[=A]'TABLE, R[=A]'TEABLE, that may be rated or set at a
certain value: subject to taxation.--_adv._ R[=A]'TABLY.--_ns._
R[=A]TE'-BOOK, a book of valuations; R[=A]TE'PAYER, one who pays a local
tax.--_adj._ R[=A]TE'PAYING, paying, or relating to, an assessed local
tax.--_ns._ R[=A]'TER, one who makes an estimate; R[=A]TE'-TITHE, a tithe
paid for sheep and cattle; R[=A]'TING, a fixing of rates: classification
according to rank or grade.--AT ANY RATE, by any means; BY NO RATE, by no
means. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _rata_, rate--L. _r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.]
RATE, r[=a]t, _v.t._ to tax: to scold: to chide: to reprove. [M. E.
_raten_, acc. to Skeat, from O. Fr. _aretter_, to impute--L. _ad_, to,
_reput[=a]re_, to count. Others explain as Scand., Sw. _rata_, to reject.]
RATEL, r[=a]'tel, _n._ a genus of quadrupeds of the bear family, nearly
allied to the gluttons, and very like the badgers. [Fr., dim. of _rat_.]
RAT-GOOSE, rat'-g[=oo]s, _n._ the brent or brant goose.
RATH, räth, _adj._ early, soon--also RATHE.--_adv._ RATH (_arch._), early,
soon.--_adj._ RATH'EREST (_Shak._), _superl._ of RATH.--_adv._ RATH'LY,
suddenly.--_adj._ RATH'RIPE, early ripe. [A.S. _hræth_, quickly; Ice.
_hradhr_, swift, Mid. High Ger. _hrad_, quick.]
RATH, rath, _n._ a prehistoric hill-fort. [Ir.]
RATH, rät, _n._ a name given to some Indian rock-cut Buddhist temples.
RATH, rät, _n._ a Burmese state-carriage.
RATHER, räth'[.e]r, _adv._ more willingly: in preference: especially: more
so than otherwise: on the contrary: somewhat, in some degree: more
properly: (_coll._) considerably, very much.--_adj._ RATH'ERISH, to a
slight degree, somewhat.--RATHER BETTER THAN, somewhat in excess of.--THE
RATHER, by so much the more. [A.S. _hrathor_, comp. of _hrathe_, early.]
RATIFY, rat'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to approve and sanction: to settle:--_pa.t._
and _pa.p._ rat'ified.--_ns._ RATIFIC[=A]'TION, act of ratifying or
confirming: confirmation; RAT'IFIER, one who, or that which, ratifies or
sanctions. [Fr. _ratifier_--L. _ratus_, fixed by calculation--_r[=e]ri_,
_ratus_, to think, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
RATIO, r[=a]'shi-o, _n._ the relation or the proportion of one thing to
another: reason, cause: (_mus._) the relation between the vibration-numbers
of two tones. [L. _ratio_, reason--_r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.]
RATIOCINATE, rash-i-os'i-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to reason:--_pr.p._ ratioc'inating;
_pa.p._ ratioc'inated.--_n._ RATIOCIN[=A]'TION, the process of reasoning:
deduction from premises.--_adjs._ RATIOC'IN[=A]TIVE, RATIOC'IN[=A]TORY. [L.
_ratiocin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_ratio_, reason.]
RATION, r[=a]'shon, _n._ the quantity of provisions distributed to a
soldier or sailor daily: an allowance.--_n._ R[=A]'TION-MON'EY, money paid
as commutation for rations. [Fr.,--L. _ratio_.]
RATIONAL, rash'on-al, _adj._ pertaining to the reason: endowed with reason:
agreeable to reason: sane: intelligent: judicious: (_arith._, _alg._)
noting a quantity which can be exactly expressed by numbers.--_n._
RATIONABIL'ITY, the possession of reason.--_adj._ RAT'IONABLE,
reasonable.--_ns._ RATION[=A]'LE, a rational account of anything, with
reasons for its existence: a theoretical explanation or solution;
RATIONALIS[=A]'TION, subjection to rational principles.--_v.t._
RAT'IONALISE, to interpret like a rationalist: to think for one's
self.--_v.i._ to rely entirely or unduly on reason.--_ns._ RAT'IONALISM,
the religious system or doctrines of a rationalist; RAT'IONALIST, one who
believes himself guided in his opinions solely by reason, independently of
authority, esp. in regard to religion--denying supernatural
revelation.--_adjs._ RATIONALIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or in accordance
with, the principles of rationalism.--_adv._ RATIONALIST'ICALLY, in a
rationalistic manner.--_n._ RATIONAL'ITY, quality of being rational: the
possession or due exercise of reason: reasonableness.--_adv._ RAT'IONALLY,
reasonably.--_n._ RAT'IONALNESS.--_n.pl._ RAT'IONALS, dress for women
convenient for bicycling, &c.--breeches instead of skirts.
RATIONAL, rash'on-al, _n._ the breast-plate of the Jewish high-priest: a
pectoral worn by a bishop. [L. _rationale_, a mistaken rendering in the
Vulgate of the Gr. _logion_, oracle.]
RATITÆ, r[=a]-t[=i]'t[=e], _n._ a division of birds, including the
ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and kiwis.--_n._ R[=A]'TITE, RAT'ITATE,
raft-breasted, as a bird.
RATIUNCULE, r[=a]-shi-ung'k[=u]l, _n._ a ratio very near unity. [Dim. of L.
_ratio_.]
[Illustration]
RATLINE, RATLIN, rat'lin, _n._ one of the small lines or ropes traversing
the shrouds and forming the steps of the rigging of ships--also RAT'LING,
RATT'LING.--_n._ RAT'LINE-STUFF (_naut._), a tarred rope from which
ratlines are made. [Prob. _rat-lines_.]
RATOON, ra-t[=oo]n', _n._ a new shoot from the root of a
sugar-cane.--_v.i._ to send up new shoots from the root after cropping.
[Hind. _ratun_.]
RATTAN, rat-an', _n._ a genus of palms having a smooth, reed-like stem
several hundreds of feet in length: a walking-stick made of rattan: stems
of rattan palm used as a raft. [Malay _rótan_.]
RATTAN, ra-tan', _n._ the continuous beat of a drum.
RATTEEN, rat-t[=e]n', _n._ a thick woollen stuff. [Fr.]
RATTEN, rat'n, _v.t._ to break or take away a workman's tools, &c., for
disobeying the trades-union--the loss being ironically attributed to rats.
RATTINET, rat-ti-net', _n._ a thin variety of ratteen.
RATTING. See RAT.
RATTLE, rat'l, _v.i._ to clatter: to move along rapidly, with a clattering
noise: to speak eagerly and noisily.--_v.t._ to cause to make a clatter: to
stun with noise: to speak rapidly: to scold loudly.--_n._ a sharp noise
rapidly repeated, as the death-rattle: a clatter: loud empty talk: loud
scolding: a toy or instrument for rattling: a brisk jabberer: an annual
meadow herb: a lousewort.--_adjs._ RATT'LE-BRAINED, -HEAD'ED, -PAT'ED,
noisy: giddy: unsteady.--_ns._ RATT'LE-MOUSE, a bat; RATT'LEPATE, a noisy
chatterer; RATT'LER, a loud, inconsiderate talker: (_coll._) a stunning
blow: (_coll._) an impudent lie; RATT'LESNAKE, a poisonous snake having a
number of hard, bony rings loosely jointed at the end of the tail, which
make a rattling noise; RATT'LESNAKE-GRASS, an American grass;
RATT'LESNAKE-MAS'TER, -ROOT, an American plant reputed to cure the bite of
a rattlesnake; RATT'LESNAKE-WEED, a hawk-weed of the United States;
RATT'LE-TRAP, a rickety vehicle; RATT'LEWORT, a plant of genus
_Crotalaria_; RATT'LING, a clattering: railing.--_adj._ making a rattle:
smart, lively: (_coll._) strikingly great. [A.S. _hrætele_, _hratele_, a
plant--from the rattling of the seeds in the capsules; Ger. _rasseln_, Dut.
_ratelen_, to rattle.]
RATTLING, rat'ling, _n._ Same as RATLINE.
RAUCITY, raws'i-ti, _n._ hoarseness: harshness of sound.--_adjs._ RAUC'ID,
RAUCOUS (raw'kus), hoarse.--_adv._ RAUC'OUSLY. [L. _raucus_, hoarse.]
RAUCLE, rawk'l, _adj._ (_Scot._) rough: fearless.
RAUGHT, rawt (_Spens._)--(_obs._) _pa.t._ of _reach_.
RAVAGE, rav'[=a]j, _v.t._ to lay waste: to destroy: to pillage.--_n._
devastation: ruin.--_n._ RAV'AGER. [Fr.,--_ravir_, to carry off by
force--L. _rap[)e]re_.]
RAVE, r[=a]v, _v.i._ to be mad: to be wild or raging, like a madman: to
talk irrationally.--_v.t._ to utter wildly.--_ns._ R[=A]'VER, one who raves
or is furious; R[=A]'VING, furious talk.--_adj._ delirious:
distracted.--_adv._ R[=A]'VINGLY, in a raving manner: with frenzy: with
distraction. [O. Fr. _râver_ (Fr. _rêver_), to be delirious--L. _rabies_,
madness.]
RAVE, r[=a]v, _n._ one of the side pieces of a wagon.
RAVE, r[=a]v, _old pa.t._ of _rive_.
RAVE-HOOK, r[=a]v'-hook, _n._ a ripping-iron.
RAVEL, rav'el, _v.t._ to confuse, entangle: to untwist or unweave: to
unravel (in this sense usually with _out_).--_v.i._ to be untwisted or
unwoven: to become entangled: to search (with _into_):--_pr.p._ rav'elling;
_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rav'elled.--_n._ a ravelled thread.--_adj._ RAV'ELLED,
denoting bread made from flour and bran.--_ns._ RAV'ELLING, a ravelled
thread; RAV'ELLING-EN'GINE, a machine for tearing rags.--_adv._
RAV'ELLY.--_n._ RAV'ELMENT, discord. [Dut. _ravelen_.]
RAVELIN, rav'lin, _n._ a detached work with two embankments raised before
the counterscarp. [Fr.,--It. _rivellino_.]
RAVEN, r[=a]'vn, _n._ a kind of crow, noted for its croak and glossy black
plumage.--_adj._ black, like a raven.--_adj._ R[=A]'VEN-COL'OURED
(_Shak._).--_ns._ R[=A]'VEN'S-DUCK, fine hempen sail-cloth; R[=A]'VENSTONE,
a gallows. [A.S. _hræfn_; Ice. _hrafn_, Dut. _raaf_.]
RAVEN, RAVIN (_B._), rav'n, _v.t._ to obtain by violence: to devour with
great eagerness or voracity.--_v.i._ to prey rapaciously.--_n._ prey:
plunder.--_ns._ RAV'ENER, a plunderer; RAV'ENING (_B._), eagerness for
plunder.--_adjs._ RAV'ENOUS, RAV'INED, voracious: devouring with rapacity:
eager for prey or gratification.--_adv._ RAV'ENOUSLY.--_n._ RAV'ENOUSNESS.
[O. Fr. _ravine_, plunder--L. _rapina_, plunder.]
RAVINE, ra-v[=e]n', _n._ a long, deep hollow, worn away by a torrent: a
deep, narrow mountain-pass. [Fr.,--L. _rapina_, rapine, violence.]
RAVISH, rav'ish, _v.t._ to seize or carry away by violence: to rob: to have
sexual intercourse with by force: to fill with ecstasy.--_n._
RAV'ISHER.--_p.adj._ RAV'ISHING, delighting to rapture: transporting:
ecstatic.--_adv._ RAV'ISHINGLY, in a ravishing manner: with rapture.--_n._
RAV'ISHMENT, act of ravishing: abduction: rape: ecstatic delight: rapture.
[Fr. _ravir_--L. _rap[)e]re_.]
RAW, raw, _adj._ not altered from its natural state: not cooked or dressed:
unbaked: not prepared or manufactured: not mixed: having the skin abraded:
sore, as from abrasion of the skin: unfinished: immature: inexperienced:
chilly and damp.--_n._ a galled place: an inveterate sore: hence (_fig._) a
point on which one is particularly sensitive.--_adjs._ RAW'BONE (_Spens._),
RAW'BONED, with little flesh on the bones: gaunt; RAW'-COLD (_Shak._), damp
and cold.--_ns._ RAW'HEAD, a spectre mentioned to frighten children;
RAW'HIDE, an untanned skin: a whip made of twisted, untanned
leather.--_adj._ RAW'ISH, rather raw.--_adv._ RAW'LY.--_ns._ RAW'NESS;
RAW'-PORT, a porthole through which an oar can be worked in a small vessel.
[A.S. _hreáw_; Dut. _raauw_, Ice. _hrár_, Ger. _roh_.]
RAX, raks, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to reach out, hand. [_Rack._]
RAY, r[=a], _n._ array.--_v.t._ to array--hence, ironically, (_Shak._) to
bedaub. [_Array._]
RAY, r[=a], _n._ a line of light or heat: a beam or gleam of intellectual
light: a radiating part of any structure: (_bot._) the outer part of a
flower-cluster.--_v.t._ to radiate: to furnish with rays.--_v.i._ to shine
out.--_adjs._ RAYED, having rays; RAY'LESS, without rays: destitute of
light. [Fr. _raie_--L. _radius_, a rod.]
RAY, r[=a], _n._ a popular name for such flat, cartilaginous fishes as the
skate, thornback, and torpedo.--_n._ RAY'-OIL, oil prepared from the livers
of ray-fish. [Fr. _raie_--L. _raia_.]
RAY, r[=a], _n._ the scab--a disease of sheep.
RAY, r[=a], _n._ (_mus._) the second note of the diatonic scale.
RAYAH, rä'ya, _n._ a non-Mohammedan subject of Turkey who pays the
capitation tax. [Ar. _raiya_--_ra`a_, to pasture.]
RAYLE, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._). Same as RAIL.
RAYNE, r[=a]n, _v.i._ and _n._ (_Spens._). Same as RAIN.
RAYON, r[=a]'on, _n._ (_Spens._) a ray. [Fr.]
RAYONNANT, r[=a]'o-nant, _adj._ (_her._) sending forth rays. [Fr., _pr.p._
of _rayonner_, to emit rays--_rayon_, a ray.]
RAZE, r[=a]z, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as RACE (3).
RAZE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to lay level with the ground: to overthrow: to
destroy. [_Rase._]
RAZE, r[=a]z, _n._ a swinging fence in a water-course to prevent the
passage of cattle.
RAZEE, ra-z[=e]', _n._ a ship-of-war cut down by reducing the number of
decks. [Fr. _rasé_, cut down.]
RAZOR, r[=a]'zor, _n._ a keen-edged implement for shaving: a tusk, as the
_razors_ of a boar.--_adj_ R[=A]'ZORABLE (_Shak._), fit to be
shaved.--_ns._ R[=A]'ZOR-BACK, a kind of baleen whale, also called
_Rorqual_, _Fin-back_, or _Finner_: a hog whose back has the form of a
ridge; R[=A]'ZOR-BILL, a species of auk, common on the coasts of the
northern Atlantic; R[=A]'ZOR-BLADE, -CLAM, -FISH, -SHELL, a bivalve mollusc
with an elongated, narrow shell; R[=A]'ZOR-HONE, a hone for sharpening
razors; R[=A]'ZOR-PASTE, a paste for spreading on a razor-strop;
R[=A]'ZOR-STROP, a strop for razors. [Fr. _rasoir_--L. _rad[)e]re_,
_rasum_, to scrape.]
RAZURE, r[=a]'zh[=oo]r, _n._ Same as ERASURE.
RAZZIA, rat'si-a, _n._ a pillaging incursion--Algerian.
RE, r[=a], _n._ (_mus._). Same as RAY.
RE, r[=e], _n._ a word used in the legal phrase IN RE, in the case (of).
[L., abl. of _res_, thing, case.]
REABSORB, r[=e]-ab-sorb', _v.t._ to absorb, suck in, or swallow up
again.--_n._ REABSORP'TION.
REACCOMMODATE, r[=e]-a-kom'o-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to readjust.
REACCUSE, r[=e]-a-k[=u]z', _v.t._ to accuse again.
REACH, r[=e]ch, _v.t._ to stretch or extend: to attain or obtain by
stretching out the hand: to hand over: to extend to: to arrive at: to get
at: to gain.--_v.i._ to be extended: to mount up in quantity or number: to
stretch out the hand: to try to obtain: to arrive.--_n._ act or power of
reaching: extent of stretch: extent of force: penetration: artifice:
contrivance: a straight portion of a stream between bends: (_naut._) the
distance traversed between tacks.--_adj_ REACH'ABLE, within reach.--_ns._
REACH'ER, one who reaches; REACH'ING-POST, in rope-making, a post fixed at
the lower end of a rope-walk.--_adjs_ REACH'LESS, unattainable;
REACH'-ME-DOWN, ready-made.--HEAD REACH, the distance to windward traversed
by a vessel while tacking. [A.S. _r['æ]can_; Ger. _reichen_, to reach.]
REACQUITE, r[=e]-a-kw[=i]t', _v.t._ to pay back: to requite.
REACT, r[=e]-akt', _v.t._ to act anew.--_v.i._ to return an impulse in the
opposite direction: to act mutually on each other.--_n._ REAC'TION, action
resisting other action: mutual action: backward tendency from revolution,
reform, or progress.--_adj_ REAC'TIONARY, for or implying reaction.--_n._
one who attempts to reverse political action.--_n._ REAC'TIONIST.--_adj_
REAC'TIVE.--_adv._ REAC'TIVELY.--_ns._ REAC'TIVENESS, REACTIV'ITY.
READ, r[=e]d, _v.t._ to utter aloud written or printed words: to peruse: to
comprehend: to study, as to read law, science: to teach: to make out, from
signs: to solve, as to read a dream: to interpret: to understand, as
reading the stars: to note the indication of, as to read a barometer:
impute by inference, as to read a meaning into a book.--_v.i._ to perform
the act of reading: to practise much reading: to appear on reading: to
advise: to speak: to acquire information: to utter the words of a book:
(_mus._) to render music at first sight: to put a certain expression upon
it: to be suitable for perusal:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ read (red).--_n._
READ, a reading, perusal: (_Spens._) counsel, a saying, an
interpretation.--_adj_ READ (red), versed in books: learned.--_ns._
READABIL'ITY, READ'ABLENESS.--_adj_ READABLE (r[=e]d'a-bl), that may be
read: worth reading: interesting: enabling to read.--_adv._
READ'ABLY.--_ns._ READ'ER, one who reads: one whose office it is to read
prayers in a church, or lectures in a university, &c.: one who reads or
corrects proofs: one who reads much: a reading-book; READ'ERSHIP, the
office of a reader.--_adj._ READ'ING, addicted to reading.--_n._ act of
reading: perusal: study of books: public or formal recital: the way in
which a passage reads: an interpretation of a passage or work: a version:
noting an instrument, as the reading of a barometer.--_ns._ READ'ING-BOOK,
a book of exercises in reading; READ'ING-BOY (_print._), a reader's
assistant; READ'ING-DESK, a desk for holding a book or paper while it is
read: a church-lectern; READ'ING-LAMP, a form of lamp for use in reading;
READ'ING-ROOM, a room with papers, periodicals, &c., resorted to for
reading.--READ BETWEEN THE LINES, to detect a meaning not expressed; READ
ONE'S SELF IN, in the Church of England, to read the Thirty-nine Articles
and repeat the declaration of assent prescribed by law to a new
incumbent.--PENNY READING, an entertainment consisting of readings, &c., to
which the admission is a penny. [A.S. _r['æ]dan_, to discern,
read--_r['æ]d_, counsel; Ger. _rathen_, to advise.]
READDRESS, r[=e]-ad-dres', _v.t._ to address again.
READEPTION, r[=e]-a-dep'shun, _n._ (_Bacon_) the act of regaining,
recovery.--_v.t._ READEPT'. [L. _re-_, again, _adipisci_, _adeptus_, to
obtain.]
READJOURN, r[=e]-ad-jurn', _v.t._ to adjourn again.--_n._ READJOURN'MENT.
READJUST, r[=e]-ad-just', _v.t._ to adjust or put in order again, or in a
new way.--_n._ READJUST'MENT.
READMIT, r[=e]-ad-mit', _v.t._ to admit again.--_ns._ READMIS'SION, act of
readmitting: state of being readmitted; READMIT'TANCE, admittance or
allowance to enter again.
READORN, r[=e]-a-dorn', _v.t._ to decorate again.
READY, red'i, _adj._ prepared at the moment: in proper time: prepared in
mind: willing: not slow or awkward: dexterous: prompt: quick: present in
hand: at hand: near: easy: on the point of: opportune: off-hand, as a ready
retort.--_n._ a waiter's answer to a call: the position of a soldier's
weapon after the order 'Make ready!' (_slang_) ready-money.--_v.t._ to
dispose: to arrange.--_adv._ in a state of readiness or
preparation.--_adv._ READ'ILY.--_n._ READ'INESS.--_adj._ READ'Y-MADE, made
and ready for use: not made to order.--_ns._ READ'Y-MON'EY, cash payment;
READ'Y-POLE, a bar across the chimney to support the pot-hook;
READ'Y-RECK'ONER, a book of tables giving the value of any number of things
from the lowest monetary unit upwards: also the interest on any sum of
money from a day upwards.--_adj._ READ'Y-WIT'TED, having ready wit: clever:
sharp.--MAKE READY, to prepare. [A.S. _r['æ]de_--_rídan_, to ride; Scot.
_red_, to put in order, Ger. _be-reit_, ready.]
REAFFIRM, re-af-f[.e]rm', _v.t._ to affirm again.--_n._ REAFFIRM[=A]'TION.
REAFFOREST, r[=e]-af-for'est, _v.t._ to convert anew into a forest.--_n._
REAFFOREST[=A]'TION.
REAGENT, r[=e]-[=a]'jent, _n._ a substance that reacts on and detects the
presence of other bodies: a test: one who exerts reflex influence.--_n._
RE[=A]'GENCY.
REAGGRAVATION, r[=e]-ag-rav-[=a]'shun, _n._ the last monitory before the
excommunication.
REAGREE, r[=e]-a-gr[=e]', _v.i._ to become reconciled.
REAK, r[=e]k, _n._ (_obs._) a freak: a prank.
REAL, r[=e]'al, _adj._ actually existing: not counterfeit or assumed: true:
genuine: sincere: authentic: (_law_) pertaining to things fixed, as lands
or houses.--_adj._ R[=E]'ALISABLE, that may be realised.--_n._
REALIS[=A]'TION, act of realising or state of being realised: a realising
sense or feeling.--_v.t._ R[=E]'ALISE, to make real: to bring into being or
act: to accomplish: to convert into real property or money: to obtain, as a
possession: to feel strongly: to comprehend completely: to bring home to
one's own experience.--_n._ R[=E]'ALISER, one who realises.--_p.adj._
R[=E]'ALISING, serving to make real or bring home to one as a reality:
conversion of property into money.--_ns._ R[=E]'ALISM, the medieval
doctrine that general terms stand for real existences--opp. to
_Nominalism_: the doctrine that in external perception the objects
immediately known are real existences: the tendency in art to accept and to
represent things as they really are--opp. to _Idealism_--a method of
representation without idealisation, raised by modern French writers into a
system, claiming a monopoly of truth in its artistic treatment of the facts
of nature and life; R[=E]'ALIST, one who holds the doctrine of realism: one
who believes in the existence of the external world.--_adj._ R[=E]ALIST'IC,
pertaining to the realists or to realism: life-like.--_adv._
R[=E]ALIST'ICALLY.--_n._ R[=E]AL'ITY, that which is real and not imaginary:
truth: verity: (_law_) the fixed, permanent nature of real
property.--_adv._ R[=E]'ALLY, in reality: actually: in truth.--_ns._
R[=E]'ALNESS, the condition of being real; R[=E]'ALTY, land, with houses,
trees, minerals, &c. thereon: the ownership of, or property in, lands--also
REAL ESTATE.--REAL PRESENCE (see PRESENCE); REAL SCHOOL, a modern German
preparatory, scientific, or technical school--the highest grade being the
REAL GYMNASIUM, or first-class modern school, as opp. to the _gymnasium_
proper, or classical school. [Low L. _realis_--L. _res_, a thing.]
REAL, r[=e]-al', _n._ a Spanish coin, 100 of which=£1 sterling. [Sp.,--L.
_regalis_, royal.]
REALGAR, r[=e]-al'gar, _n._ a native sulphuret of arsenic, a mineral
consisting of about 70 parts of arsenic and 30 of sulphur, and of a
brilliant red colour. [Fr.,--Ar. _rahj-al-ghar_, 'powder of the mine.']
REALLEGE, r[=e]-al-lej', _v.t._ to allege again.
REALLY, r[=e]-a-l[=i]', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bring together again: to
reform.--_v.t._ to arrange again.--_n._ REALL[=I]'ANCE, a renewed alliance.
REALM, relm, _n._ a regal or royal jurisdiction: kingdom: province:
country: dominion. [O. Fr. _realme_--Low L. _regalimen_--L. _regalis_,
royal.]
REALTY, r[=e]'al-ti, _n._ fealty: royalty (see also REAL, 1).
REAM, r[=e]m, _n._ a quantity of paper consisting of 20 quires of 24
sheets. [O. Fr. _raime_ (Fr. _rame_)--Sp. _resma_--Ar. _rizma_ (pl.
_rizam_), a bundle.]
REAM, r[=e]m, _v.i._ (_prov._) to cream: to froth.--_n._
REAM'INESS.--_adj._ REAM'Y.
REAM, r[=e]m, _v.t._ to stretch: to enlarge by a rotatory cutter.--_ns._
REAM'ER; REAM'ING-BIT.
REAME, r[=e]m, _n._ (_Spens._) a realm.
REAN, r[=e]n, _n._ a gutter. [_Run._]
REANIMATE, r[=e]-an'i-m[=a]t, _v.t._ to restore to life: to infuse new life
or spirit into: to revive.--_n._ REANIM[=A]'TION.
REANNEX, r[=e]-an-neks', _v.t._ to annex again, to reunite.--_n._
REANNEX[=A]'TION.
REANOINT, r[=e]-an-oint', _v.t._ to anoint anew.
REANSWER, r[=e]-an's[.e]r, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Shak._) to answer back, to
react.
REAP, r[=e]p, _v.t._ to cut down, as grain: to clear off a crop: to gather
by effort: to receive as a reward: to obtain a harvest.--_ns._ REAP'ER,
REAP'MAN; REAP'ING-HOOK, a hook-shaped instrument, with a handle, for
cutting grain: a sickle; REAP'ING-MACHINE', a machine for cutting grain,
drawn by horses, &c.; REAP'-SIL'VER, money paid by feudal tenants as a
commutation for their services in reaping the crops. [A.S. _rípan_, to
pluck; Goth. _raupjan_, Ger. _raufen_.]
REAPPAREL, r[=e]-ap-par'el, _v.t._ to clothe again.
REAPPEAR, r[=e]-ap-p[=e]r', _v.i._ to appear again or a second time.--_n._
REAPPEAR'ANCE, a second appearance.
REAPPLY, r[=e]-ap-pl[=i]', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to apply again.--_n._
REAPPLIC[=A]'TION.
REAPPOINT, r[=e]-ap-point', _v.t._ to appoint again.--_n._ REAPPOINT'MENT.
REAPPORTION, r[=e]-ap-p[=o]r'shun, _v.t._ to apportion again.--_n._
REAPPOR'TIONMENT.
REAPPROACH, r[=e]-ap-pr[=o]ch', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to approach again.
REAR, r[=e]r, _n._ the back or hindmost part: the last part of an army or
fleet.--_ns._ REAR'-AD'MIRAL, an officer of the third rank, who commands
the rear division of a fleet; REAR'DORSE, an open fireplace, without a
chimney, against the rear wall of a room; REAR'-FRONT, the rear-rank of a
body of troops when faced about; REAR'-GUARD, troops which protect the rear
of an army; REAR'HORSE, an insect of the family _Mantidæ_; REAR'ING-BIT, a
bit to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing; REAR'ING-BOX, in
fish-culture, a fish-breeder; REAR'-LINE, the last rank of a battalion,
&c., drawn up in open order; REAR'MOST, last of all; REAR'-RANK, the
hindermost rank of a body of troops; REAR'WARD, RERE'WARD, (_B._), the
rear-guard, the part which comes last. [O. Fr. _riere_--L. _retro_,
behind.]
REAR, r[=e]r, _v.t._ to bring up to maturity: to educate: to erect:
(_Milt._) to lift upward, as steps: (_Spens._) to carry off by force: to
stir up.--_v.i._ to rise on the hind-legs, as a horse.--_n._ REAR'ER, one
who rears or raises: in coal-mines, a seam having an inclination of more
than 30°. [A.S. _r['æ]ran_, to raise, the causal of _rísan_, to rise.]
REAR, r[=e]r, _adj._ early: underdone.--_adjs._ REAR'-BOILED;
REAR'-ROAST'ED. [_Rare._]
REARGUE, r[=e]-ar'g[=u], _v.t._ to argue over again.--_n._ REAR'GUMENT.
REARMOUSE. Same as REREMOUSE.
REARRANGE, r[=e]-ar-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to arrange anew.--_n._ REARRANGE'MENT.
REASCEND, r[=e]-as-send', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to ascend, mount, or climb
again.--_ns._ REASCEN'SION, REASCENT'.
REASON, r[=e]'zn, _n._ an idea which supports or justifies an act or
belief: a motive: proof: excuse: cause: an explanation: the faculty of the
mind by which man draws conclusions, and determines right and truth: the
exercise of reason: just view of things: right conduct: propriety: justice:
that which is conformable to reason: (_logic_) a premise placed after its
conclusion.--_v.i._ to exercise the faculty of reason: to deduce inferences
from premises: to argue: to debate: (_B._) to converse.--_v.t._ to examine
or discuss: to debate: to persuade by reasoning.--_adj._ REA'SONABLE,
endowed with reason: rational: acting according to reason: agreeable to
reason: just: not excessive: moderate.--_n._ REA'SONABLENESS.--_adv._
REA'SONABLY.--_ns._ REA'SONER; REA'SONING, act of reasoning: that which is
offered in argument: course of argument.--_adj._ REA'SONLESS.--_n._
REA'SON-PIECE, a wall plate.--BY REASON OF, on account of: in consequence
of; PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON, the proposition that nothing happens
without a sufficient reason why it should be as it is and not otherwise;
PURE REASON, reason absolutely independent of experience. [Fr. _raison_--L.
_ratio_, _rationis_--_r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.]
REASSEMBLE, r[=e]-as-sem'bl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to assemble or collect
again.--_n._ REASSEM'BLAGE.
REASSERT, r[=e]-as-sert', _v.t._ to assert again.--_n._ REASSER'TION.
REASSESS, r[=e]-as-ses', _v.t._ to assess again.--_n._ REASSESS'MENT.
REASSIGN, r[=e]-as-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to assign again: to transfer back what
has been assigned.--_n._ REASSIGN'MENT.
REASSUME, r[=e]-as-s[=u]m', _v.t._ to assume or take again.--_n._
REASSUMP'TION.
REASSURE, r[=e]-a-sh[=oo]r', _v.t._ to assure anew: to give confidence to:
to confirm: to insure an insurer.--_ns._ REASSUR'ANCE, repeated assurance:
a second assurance against loss; REASSUR'ER.--_adj._ REASSUR'ING.--_adv._
REASSUR'INGLY.
REAST, r[=e]st, _v.t._ to dry or smoke (as meat). [_Roast._]
REATA, RIATA, r[=e]-ä'ta, _n._ a rope of raw hide, used in America for
catching animals. [Sp.,--L. _re-_, back, _aptare_, to fit on.]
REATTACH, r[=e]-at-tach', _v.t._ to attach again.--_n._ REATTACH'MENT.
REATTAIN, r[=e]-at-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to attain again.
REATTEMPT, r[=e]-at-temt', _v.t._ to attempt again.
RÉAUMUR'S SCALE. See THERMOMETER.
REAVE, r[=e]v, _v.t._ to take away by violence:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._
reft.--_n._ REAV'ER. [A.S. _reáfian_, to rob--_reáf_, clothing, spoil; Ger.
_rauben_, to rob.]
REAWAKE, r[=e]-a-w[=a]k', _v.i._ to awake again.
REBALLING, r[=e]-bawl'ing, _n._ the catching of eels with earthworms
fastened to a ball of lead.
REBAPTISE, r[=e]-bap-t[=i]z', _v.t._ to baptise again.--_ns._ REBAP'TISER;
REBAP'TISM, REBAPTIS[=A]'TION; REBAP'TIST, one who baptises again: an
anabaptist.
REBATE, r[=e]-b[=a]t', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to beat to obtuseness, to blunt: to
beat back: to allow as discount.--_n._ R[=E]B[=A]TE'MENT, deduction:
diminution: narrowing: (_her._) a shortening, as of one arm of a cross.
[Fr. _rebattre_, to beat back--L. _re-_, back, _battu[)e]re_, to beat.]
REBATE, r[=e]-b[=a]t', _n._ same as RABATE--also a hard freestone used in
pavements: wood fastened to a handle in beating mortar.
REBEC, REBECK, r[=e]'bek, _n._ a musical instrument of the violin kind,
with three strings played with a bow, introduced by the Moors into Spain.
[O. Fr. _rebec_ (Sp. _rabel_)--Ar. _rab[=a]ba_.]
REBECCAITE, r[=e]-bek'a-[=i]t, _n._ one of a set of rioters in South Wales,
in 1843-44, who scoured the country by night, the leaders disguised in
women's clothes, and threw down the toll-bars on the public roads; they
were called 'Rebecca and her daughters,' from Gen. xxiv. 60.--_n._
REBECC'AISM.
REBEL, reb'el, _n._ one who rebels.--_adj._ rebellious.--_v.i._ (re-bel')
to renounce the authority of the laws and government to which one owes
allegiance, or to take up arms and openly oppose them: to oppose any lawful
authority:--_pr.p._ rebel'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rebelled'.--_n._
REBEL'LER, one who rebels: a rebel.--_adj._ REB'EL-LIKE (_Shak._), like a
rebel.--_n._ REBELL'ION, act of rebelling: open opposition to lawful
authority: revolt: the Great Rebellion in England from 1642 to 1660: the
American civil war of 1861-65.--_adj._ REBELL'IOUS, engaged in rebellion:
characteristic of a rebel or rebellion: (of things) refractory.--_adv._
REBELL'IOUSLY, in a rebellious manner: in opposition to lawful
authority.--_n._ REBELL'IOUSNESS.--_adj._ REB'ELLY, rebellious. [Fr.
_rebelle_--L. _rebellis_, insurgent--_re-_, again, _bellum_, war.]
REBELLOW, r[=e]-bel'[=o], _v.i._ (_Spens._) to bellow in return: to echo
back a loud noise.
REBIND, r[=e]-b[=i]nd', _v.t._ to bind anew.
REBIRTH, r[=e]-b[.e]rth', _n._ a new entrance into a living form, according
to the doctrine of metempsychosis.
REBITE, r[=e]-b[=i]t', _v.t._ to freshen worn lines in a plate.
REBOANT, reb'[=o]-ant, _adj._ rebellowing: loudly resounding.--_n._
REBO[=A]'TION. [L. _reboans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _rebo[=a]re_--_re-_,
again, _bo[=a]re_, to cry aloud.]
REBOIL, r[=e]-boil', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to cause to boil again.
REBORN, r[=e]-bawrn', _adj._ endowed with fresh life.
REBOUND, r[=e]-bownd', _v.i._ to bound or start back: to bound repeatedly:
to recoil: to reverberate: to re-echo.--_v.t._ to repeat as an echo.--_n._
act of rebounding: recoil.
REBRACE, r[=e]-br[=a]s', _v.t._ to renew the strength of.
REBUFF, r[=e]-buf', _n._ a. beating back: sudden check: defeat: unexpected
refusal.--_v.t._ to beat back: to check: to repel violently: to refuse. [O.
Fr. _rebuffe_--It. _rebuffo_, a reproof--It. _ri_ (--L. _re-_), back,
_buffare_, to puff.]
REBUILD, r[=e]-bild', _v.t._ to build again: to renew.--_n._ REBUILD'ER.
REBUKE, r[=e]-b[=u]k', _v.t._ to check with reproof: to chide or reprove:
(_B._) to chasten.--_n._ direct reproof: reprimand: reprobation: (_B._)
chastisement: a severe check.--_adjs._ REB[=U]K'ABLE; REBUKE'FUL.--_adv._
REBUKE'FULLY.--_n._ REB[=U]K'ER.--_adv._ REB[=U]K'INGLY. [O. Fr.
_rebouquer_ (Fr. _reboucher_), from _re-_, back, _bouque_ (Fr. _bouche_),
the mouth--L. _bucca_, the cheek.]
REBULLITION, r[=e]-bul-ish'un, _n._ a renewed effervescence. [L.
_rebull[=i]re_, to bubble up.]
REBURSE, r[=e]-b[.e]rs', _v.t._ to pay over again. [L. _re-_, again,
_bursa_, purse.]
REBUS, r[=e]'bus, _n._ an enigmatical representation of a name or thing by
using pictorial devices for letters, syllables, or parts of words: a
riddle: (_her._) a coat of arms bearing an allusion to the name of the
bearer:--_pl._ R[=E]'BUSES. [L., _res_, a thing--prob. from the device
speaking to the beholder _non verbis sed rebus_.]
REBUT, r[=e]-but', _v.t._ to butt or drive back: to repel: to reject:
(_law_) to oppose by argument or proof.--_v.i._ (_law_) to return an
answer:--_pr.p._ rebut'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rebut'ted.--_adj._
R[=E]BUT'TABLE.--_ns._ R[=E]BUT'TAL; R[=E]BUT'TER, that which rebuts: a
plaintiff's answer to a defendant's rejoinder. [O. Fr. _rebuter_, to
repulse--L. _re-_, back, Mid. High Ger. _b[=o]zen_, to beat.]
RECALCITRANT, r[=e]-kal'si-trant, _adj._ showing repugnance or opposition:
refractory.--_v.i._ or (rarely) _v.t._ RECAL'CITRATE, to show
repugnance.--_n._ RECALCITR[=A]'TION. [L. _recalcitrans_, -antis--_re-_,
back, calcitr[=a]re, _-[=a]tum_, to kick--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.]
RECALESCE, r[=e]-kal-es', _v.t._ to show anew a state of glowing
heat.--_n._ RECALES'CENCE (_phys._), a peculiar behaviour of iron when
cooling from a white-heat. At 1000°, e.g., it glows more brilliantly for a
short time. [L. _re-_, again, _calesc[)e]re_, to grow hot.]
RECALL, r[=e]-kawl', _v.t._ to call back: to command to return: to revoke:
to call back to mind.--_n._ act of recalling or revoking: a signal to
soldiers to return.--_adj._ RECALL'ABLE, capable of being recalled.--_n._
RECAL'MENT, revocation.
RECANT, r[=e]-kant', _v.t._ to withdraw (a former declaration): to
retract.--_v.i._ to revoke a former declaration: to unsay what has been
said, esp. to declare one's renunciation of a religious belief which one
formerly maintained.--_ns._ R[=E]CANT[=A]'TION, act of recanting: a
declaration contradicting a former one; R[=E]CANT'ER.
RECAPITULATE, r[=e]-ka-pit'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to go over again the chief
points of anything.--_n._ RECAPIT[=U]L[=A]'TION, act of recapitulating: a
summary of the main points of a preceding speech, treatise, &c.--_adjs._
RECAPIT'[=U]L[=A]TIVE; RECAPIT'[=U]L[=A]TORY, repeating again: containing a
recapitulation. [L. _recapitul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again,
_capitulum_--caput, head.]
RECAPTION, r[=e]-kap'shun, _n._ reprisal: (_law_) taking back goods, wife,
or children from one who has no right to detain them.
RECAPTURE, r[=e]-kap't[=u]r, _v.t._ to capture back or retake, esp. a prize
from a captor.--_n._ act of retaking: a prize recaptured.--_n._ RECAP'TOR.
RECARBURISE, r[=e]-kär'b[=u]-r[=i]z, _v.t._ to restore the carbon to metal
from which it has been removed.--_n._ RECARBONIS[=A]'TION.
RECARNIFY, r[=e]-kär'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to convert again into flesh. [L.
_re-_, again, _carnify_, to change into flesh.]
RECARRY, r[=e]-kar'i, _v.t._ to carry back or anew.--_n._ RECARR'IAGE.
RECAST, r[=e]-kast', _v.t._ to cast or throw again: to cast or mould anew:
to compute a second time.--_n._ a moulding or shaping anew, as of a book.
RECEDE, r[=e]-s[=e]d', _v.i._ to go or fall back: to retreat: to bend or
tend in a backward direction: to withdraw: to give up a claim.--_v.t._ to
cede back, as to a former possessor.--_adj._ RECED'ING, sloping backward.
[L. _reced[)e]re_, recessum--_re-_, back, _ced[)e]re_, to go.]
RECEIPT, r[=e]-s[=e]t', _n._ act of receiving: place of receiving: power of
holding: a written acknowledgment of anything received, a legal
acknowledgment of money received in discharge of a debt or demand: that
which is received: a recipe in cookery.--_v.t._ to give a receipt for: to
sign: to discharge.--_adj._ RECEIPT'ABLE, that may be receipted.--_ns._
RECEIPT'-BOOK, a book containing receipts; RECEIPT'OR, one who gives a
receipt. [O. Fr. _recete_ (Fr. _recette_)--L. _recipere_, _receptum_.]
RECEIVE, r[=e]-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to take what is offered: to accept: to
embrace with the mind: to assent to: to allow: to give acceptance to: to
give admittance to: to welcome or entertain: to hold or contain: (_law_) to
take goods knowing them to be stolen: (_B._) to bear with, to believe
in.--_v.i._ to be a recipient: to hold a reception of visitors.--_n._
RECEIVABIL'ITY, RECEIV'ABLENESS, the quality of being receivable.--_adj._
RECEIV'ABLE, that may be received: a waiting payment, as bills
receivable.--_ns._ RECEIV'EDNESS, the state or quality of being received or
current; RECEIV'ER, one who receives: an officer who receives taxes: a
person appointed by a court to hold and manage property which is under
litigation, or receive the rents of land, &c.: one who receives stolen
goods: (_chem._) a vessel for receiving and holding the products of
distillation, or for containing gases: the glass vessel of an air-pump in
which the vacuum is formed: the receiving part of a telegraph, telephone,
&c.; RECEIV'ER-GEN'ERAL, an officer who receives the public revenue;
RECEIV'ERSHIP, the office of a receiver; RECEIV'ING, the act of receiving;
RECEIV'ING-HOUSE, a depôt: a house where letters and parcels are left for
transmission; RECEIV'ING-IN'STRUMENT, an appliance by which operators at
two telegraph stations can communicate; RECEIV'ING-OFF'ICE, a branch
post-office for receipt of letters, &c.; RECEIV'ING-SHIP, a stationary ship
for recruits for the navy. [O. Fr. _recever_ (Fr. _recevoir_)--L.
_recip[)e]re_, _receptum_--_re-_, back, cap[)e]re, to take.]
RECELEBRATE, r[=e]-sel'[=e]-br[=a]t, _v.t._ to celebrate again.
RECENCY, r[=e]'sen-si, _n._ newness. [_Recent_.]
RECENSION, r[=e]-sen'shun, _n._ a critical revisal of a text: a text
established by critical revision: a review.--_n._ RECEN'SIONIST. [L.
_recensio_--_recens[=e]re_--_re-_, again, _cens[=e]re_, to value.]
RECENT, r[=e]'sent, _adj._ of late origin or occurrence: fresh: modern:
(_geol._) belonging to the present geological period.--_adv._
R[=E]'CENTLY.--_n._ R[=E]'CENTNESS. [Fr.,--L. _recens_, _recentis_.]
RECEPTACLE, r[=e]-sep'ta-kl, _n._ that into which anything is received or
in which it is contained: (_bot._) the basis of a flower: (_zool._) an
organ that receives and holds a secretion.--_n._ R[=E]'CEPT, an idea taken
into the mind from without.--_adj._ RECEPTAC'ULAR (_bot._), pertaining to
or serving as a receptacle.--_n._ RECEPTIBIL'ITY, receivability.--_adj._
RECEPT'IBLE, receivable.--_ns._ RECEP'TION, the act of receiving:
admission: state of being received: acceptance: a receiving officially:
(_Milt._) capacity for receiving: a receiving of guests for entertainment:
welcome: treatment at first coming; RECEP'TION-ROOM.--_adj._ RECEPT'IVE,
having the quality of receiving or containing: (_phil._) capable of
receiving, or quick to receive, impressions.--_ns._ RECEPT'IVENESS;
RECEPTIV'ITY, quality of being receptive. [L. _recip[)e]re_, _receptum_, to
receive.]
RECESS, r[=e]-ses', _n._ a going back or withdrawing: retirement:
seclusion: a period of remission of business: part of a room formed by a
receding of the wall: a retired spot: a nook: a sinus or depressed
par.--_v.t._ to make a recess in: to put into a recess.--_adj._ RECESSED',
having a recess.--RECESSED ARCH, one arch within another. [_Recede_.]
RECESSION, r[=e]-sesh'un, _n._ act of receding: withdrawal: the state of
being set back.--_adjs._ RECES'SIONAL; RECESS'IVE.--_adv._
RECESS'IVELY.--_n._ RECESS'US, a recess.
RECESSION, r[=e]-sesh'un, _n._ a ceding or giving back.
RECHABITE, rek'a-b[=i]t, _n._ one of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of
_Rechab_, who abstained from drinking wine, in obedience to the injunction
of their ancestor (Jer. xxxv. 6): a total abstainer from intoxicating
drinks: a member of the Rechabite order of total abstainers.--_n._
RECH'ABITISM.
RÉCHAUFFÉ, r[=a]-sh[=o]-f[=a]', _n._ a warmed-up dish: a fresh concoction
of old literary material. [Fr.]
RECHEAT, r[=e]-ch[=e]t', _n._ (_Shak._) a recall on the horn when the
hounds have lost the scent, or at the end of the chase. [O. Fr. _recet_.]
RECHERCHÉ, r[=e]-sher'sh[=a], _adj._ extremely nice: peculiar and refined:
rare. [Fr.]
RECHLESSE, rek'les, _adj._ Same as RECKLESS.
RECHRISTEN, r[=e]-kris'n, _v.t._ to name again.
RECIDIVATE, r[=e]-sid'i-v[=a]t, _v.i._ to fall again: to backslide.--_ns._
RECIDIV[=A]'TION; RECID'IVIST (_Fr. law_), a relapsed criminal.--_adj._
RECID'IVOUS, liable to backslide. [Fr.,--L. _recid[=i]vus_, falling back.]
RECIPE, res'i-p[=e], _n._ a medical prescription: any formula for the
preparation of a compound: a receipt:--_pl._ RECIPES (res'i-p[=e]z). [L.,
lit. 'take,' the first word of a medical prescription, imper. of
_recip[)e]re_.]
RECIPIENT, r[=e]-sip'i-ent, _adj._ receiving.--_n._ one who receives, that
which receives.--_ns._ RECIP'IENCE, RECIP'IENCY, a receiving:
receptiveness. [L. _recipiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _recip[)e]re_, to
receive.]
RECIPROCAL, r[=e]-sip'r[=o]-kal, _adj._ acting in return: mutual:
alternating: interchangeable: giving and receiving.--_n._ that which is
reciprocal: (_math._) the quotient resulting from the division of unity by
any given quantity.--_n._ RECIPROCAL'ITY, the state or quality of being
reciprocal: mutual return.--_adv._ RECIP'ROCALLY, mutually:
interchangeably: inversely.--_ns._ RECIP'ROCALNESS; RECIP'ROCANT (_math._),
a contravariant expressing a certain condition of tangency: a differential
invariant.--_adj._ RECIP'ROCANTIVE, relating to a reciprocant.--_v.t._
RECIP'ROC[=A]TE, to give and receive mutually: to requite: to interchange:
to alternate.--_v.i._ to move backward and forward: (_coll._) to make a
return or response.--_ns._ RECIP'ROCATING-EN'GINE, an engine in which the
piston moves forward and backward in a straight line; RECIPROC[=A]'TION,
interchange of acts: alternation.--_adj._ RECIP'ROC[=A]TIVE, acting
reciprocally.--_n._ RECIPROC'ITY, mutual obligations: action and reaction:
equality of commercial privileges.--_adjs._ REC'IPROCK, REC'IPROQUE
(_Bacon_), reciprocal; RECIP'ROCOUS (_rare_), turning back:
reciprocal.--RECIPROCAL PROPORTION is when, of four terms taken in order,
the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has to the
third; RECIPROCAL RATIO, the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities;
RECIPROCAL TERMS, those that have the same signification and consequently
are convertible; RECIPROCATING MOTION, by this the power is transmitted
from one part of a machine to another. [L. _reciprocus._]
RECIPROCORNOUS, r[=e]-sip'r[=o]-kor-nus, _adj._ having horns like a ram.
RECISION, r[=e]-sizh'un, _n._ the act of cutting off.
[Fr.,--L.,--_recid[)e]re_, _recisum_, to cut off.]
RECITE, r[=e]-s[=i]t', _v.t._ to read aloud from paper, or repeat from
memory: to narrate: to give the particulars of.--_v.i._ to rehearse in
public.--_ns._ REC[=I]'TAL, act of reciting: rehearsal: that which is
recited: a narration: a vocal or instrumental performance, as a piano
recital: (_law_) that part of a deed which recites the circumstances;
RECITATION (res-i-t[=a]'shun), act of reciting: a public reading:
rehearsal; RECIT[=A]'TIONIST, a public reciter; RECITATIVE (-t[=e]v'),
(_mus._) a style of song resembling declamation, a kind of union of song
and speech.--_adj._ in the style of recitative.--_adv._ RECITATIVE'LY, in
the manner of recitative.--_ns._ RECITATI'VO (_mus._), recitative;
RECIT'ER; RECIT'ING-NOTE, a note in chanting on which several syllables are
sung. [Fr. _réciter_--L. _recit[=a]re_--L. _re-_, again, _cit[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_, to call.]
RECK, rek, _v.t._ to care for: to regard.--_v.i._ (usually with _not_, and
fol. by _of_) care: heed.--_adj._ RECK'LESS, careless: heedless of
consequences: rash.--_adv._ RECK'LESSLY.--_ns._ RECK'LESSNESS; RECK'LING, a
reckless person: the weakest in a litter: a helpless babe.--_adj._
stunted.--IT RECKS (_Milt._), it concerns. [A.S. _récan_, from a root seen
in Old High Ger. _ruoh_, care, Ger. _ruchlos_, regardless.]
RECKON, rek'n, _v.t._ to count: to place in the number or rank of: to
esteem: to think, believe.--_v.i._ to calculate: to charge to account: to
make up accounts: to settle accounts (fol. by _with_): to count or rely
(with _on_ or _upon_): to have an impression: to think: to suppose.--_ns._
RECK'ONER; RECK'ONING, an account of time: settlement of accounts, &c.:
charges for entertainment: standing as to rank: (_naut._) a calculation of
the ship's position: (_B._) estimation: value.--RECKON FOR, to be
answerable for; RECKON ON, or UPON, to count or depend upon; RECKON WITHOUT
HIS HOST (see HOST).--DAY OF RECKONING, the day when an account must be
given and a settlement made: the judgment-day. [A.S. _ge-recenian_, to
explain; Ger. _rechnen_.]
RECLAIM, r[=e]-kl[=a]m', _v.t._ to demand the return of: to regain: to
bring back from a wild or barbarous state, or from error or vice: to bring
into a state of cultivation: to bring into the desired condition: to make
tame or gentle: to reform.--_v.i._ to cry out or exclaim: (_Scots law_) to
appeal from the Lord Ordinary to the inner house of the Court of
Session.--_adj._ RECLAIM'ABLE, that may be reclaimed or reformed.--_adv._
RECLAIM'ABLY.--_ns._ RECLAIM'ANT, one who reclaims; RECLAM[=A]'TION, act of
reclaiming: state of being reclaimed, as of waste land: demand: recovery.
[Fr.,--L. _re-_, again, _clam[=a]re_, to cry out.]
RECLASP, r[=e]-klasp', _v.t._ to clasp again.
RECLINATE, rek'li-n[=a]t, _adj._ reclined: (_bot._) bent downward, so as to
have the point lower than the base, as a leaf.--_n._ RECLIN[=A]'TION, the
act of reclining or leaning: the angle which the plane of a dial makes with
a vertical plane, the intersection being a horizontal line: an operation in
surgery for the cure of cataract. [L. _reclin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to
recline.]
RECLINE, r[=e]-kl[=i]n', _v.t._ to lean or bend backwards: to lean to or on
one side.--_v.i._ to lean: to rest or repose.--_adjs._ RECLINE' (_Milt._),
leaning; RECLINED' (_bot._), same as RECLINATE.--_n._ RECL[=I]'NER.--_adj._
RECL[=I]'NING (_bot._), bending away from the perpendicular:
recumbent.--_ns._ RECL[=I]'NING-BOARD, a board on which persons recline to
gain erectness to the figure; RECL[=I]'NING-CHAIR, an invalid's chair.
[Fr.,--L. _reclin[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _clin[=a]re_, to bend.]
RECLOSE, r[=e]-kl[=o]z', _v.t._ to close again.