_Hab._ Mongolia; Koko Nor, northern part of Kan-su, and
Ordos.
Przewalski’s Gazelle, which has been most appropriately named after
the famous explorer who discovered it, was first described and figured
by Przewalski himself in 1876, but erroneously confounded with the
allied form _G. gutturosa_. Twelve years later, it appears,
Przewalski discovered his error, and proposed to rename the animal
_Antilope cuvieri_. But this specific term properly belongs
to another species which had been described by Ogilby many years
previously. Under these circumstances Dr. Büchner in his account of the
Mammals of the Kan-su Expedition of Messrs. Potanin and Beresowski,
proposed that this Gazelle should in future be known as _Gazella
przewalskii_--Przewalski’s Gazelle.
In the English translation of Przewalski’s ‘Mongolia’ the habits of
this species are described as follows:--
“These antelopes are gregarious, their herds sometimes numbering
several hundreds or even thousands in those parts where food is
plentiful, but they are most frequently seen in smaller numbers
of from fifteen to thirty or forty head. Although they avoid the
neighbourhood of man, they always select the best pasturages
of the desert, and, like the Mongols, migrate from place to
place in search of food, sometimes travelling great distances,
especially in summer, when the drought drives them to the rich
pasture-lands of Northern Mongolia, and as far as the confines
of Trans-Baikalia. The deep snows of winter often compel them
to travel several hundred miles in search of places almost or
entirely free from snow. These animals belong exclusively to the
plains, and carefully avoid the hilly country, but sometimes
appear in the undulating parts of the steppe, particularly in
spring, attracted by the young grass, which shoots up under
the influence of the sun’s warmth. They shun thickets and high
grass, excepting at the time of parturition, which is in May,
when the doe seeks the covert to conceal her new-born offspring.
But a few days after their birth the fawns follow their mothers
about everywhere, and soon rival the fleet-footedness of their
sires. They very seldom utter any sound, though the males
occasionally give a short loud bleat. Nature has endowed them
with excellent sight, hearing, and smell; their swiftness is
marvellous and their intelligence well developed, qualities
which prevent their falling so easy a prey as they otherwise
would to their enemies--man and the wolf.
“The Mongols, armed with their poor matchlocks, hunt the dzerens
in the following way. In those parts of the steppe where these
antelopes abound they dig small pits at certain distances
apart. These holes at first excite mistrust, so the animals are
left alone for some weeks to get used to them. The hunters then
repair to their allotted stations, and conceal themselves in the
pits, while others make a wide circuit to windward and drive the
herd towards the ambush. No gun is fired till they are within
a distance of fifty paces or even less. The drivers must know
their business and be thoroughly familiar with the habits of the
animal, otherwise their labour will be lost. They must never
gallop suddenly up to the herd--because if they do the antelopes
almost always escape. The usual plan is to make a circuit round
the herd, slowly narrowing the circle with repeated halts, or
else to ride on one flank at a foot’s pace, gradually edging the
herd towards the ambush.
“Towards the end of summer the dzerens are very fat, and are
eagerly hunted by the Mongols for the sake of their delicate
flesh, and also for their skins, which are made into winter
clothing. The nomads, however, rarely wear the skins themselves,
but sell them to Russian merchants at Urga and Kiakhta. Dzerens
are also snared in traps made in the shape of a shoe of tough
grass. When caught by the leg in one of these the animal lames
itself in its struggles to get free, and becomes unable to move.”
Besides the Russian explorers already mentioned, the only traveller,
so far as we are aware, that has met with Przewalski’s Gazelle in its
native wilds is the well-known explorer Mr. St. George Littledale,
F.R.G.S., who brought home a skin and skull of this species from his
adventurous journey across Central Asia in 1893, and presented them to
the British Museum. In the narrative of Mr. Littledale’s expedition,
which is contained in the third volume of the ‘Geographical Journal’
(p. 465), will be found an allusion to this Antelope as observed by
him near the Lake Koko Nor. The north shore of this lake, first seen
by Mr. Littledale on the 3rd of August, 1893, was flat and swampy, and
there were many of these antelopes feeding on it in company with Wild
Asses (_Equus kiang_). In some MS. notes with which Mr. Littledale
has kindly favoured us on this subject it is stated that he first saw
examples of this Gazelle south of the Nan-Shan mountains in about lat.
38° 30´ N. and long. 96° 30´ E. On that occasion, he says, they were
high up above the party, and nearly all males, but, as Mr. Littledale
was then expecting an attack from the Tanguts, he did not like to leave
the caravan to try after them. As the valley of the Buhain-Gol (the
river which flows into Lake Koko Nor) was descended, the old males
became scarcer, and round the lake, where he procured the specimen now
in the British Museum, there were large bands of females accompanied by
young males.
Besides Mr. Littledale’s specimens already mentioned, the British
Museum contains a beautiful pair of this Antelope obtained in exchange
from the Museum at St. Petersburg, from which our figures representing
both sexes (Plate LIII.) have been prepared by Mr. Smit. It will be
observed at once that though in its general form and coloration this
species is somewhat similar to _G. picticaudata_, the shape of its
horns is quite different, and readily distinguishes this species from
its allies.
When at St. Petersburg in August 1897, Sclater had the opportunity of
examining, under the kind guidance of Herr Büchner, the fine series of
specimens of this Antelope in the Zoological Museum of the Imperial
Academy of Sciences of that city. The specimens had been obtained in
the region of the Koko Nor, in the most northern part of the Chinese
province of Kan-su, and in Ordos, which is the country encompassed by
the great northern bend of the River Hoang-Ho. In the southern part of
this district Przewalski’s Gazelle was met with in great numbers during
the Kan-su expedition already mentioned, and many specimens of it were
obtained for the Imperial Museum at St. Petersburg.
_January,_ 1898.
[Illustration:
THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. LIV
_Wolf del J Smit lith._ _Hanhart imp._
The Mongolian Gazelle
GAZELLA GUTTUROSA
_Published by R H Porter_]
84. THE MONGOLIAN GAZELLE.
GAZELLA GUTTUROSA (PALL.).
[PLATE LIV.]
_Caprea campestris gutturosa_, =J. G. Gmel.= N. Comm. Petrop. v.
p. 347, pl. ix. (1760).
_Antilope gutturosa_, =Pall.= Spic. Zool. fasc. xii. p. 46, t.
ii. (1777); =Zimm.= Geogr. Gesch. ii. p. 120 (1780); =Herm.=
Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 108 (1783); =Bodd.= Elench. Anim. p. 143
(1785); =Schreb.= Säug. pl. cclxxv. (1787); =Gmel.= Linn. S. N.
i. p. 186 (1788); =Kerr=, Linn. An. K. p. 310 (1792); =Donnd.=
Zool. Beytr. i. p. 627 (1792); =Latham & Davis=, Faunula Indica,
p. 4 (1795); =Link=, Beytr. Nat. ii. p. 99 (1795); =Bechst.=
Uebers. vierf. Th. ii. p. 645 (1800); =Shaw=, Gen. Zool. ii.
pt. 2, p. 342 (1801); =Turt.= Linn. S. N. i. p. 113 (1802); =G.
Cuv.= Dict. Sci. Nat. ii. p. 228 (1804); =Desm.= N. Dict. d’H.
N. (1) xxii. p. 499, xxiv. Tabl. p. 33 (1804); =Pall.= Zoogr.
Ross.-As. i. p. 251 (1811); =Licht.= Mag. nat. Freund. Berl. vi.
p. 171 (1814); =G. Fisch.= Zoogn. iii. p. 431 (1814); =Afzel=,
N. Act. Ups. vii. p. 220 (1815); =Desm.= N. Dict. d’H. N. (2)
ii. p. 182 (1816); =G. Cuv.= Règne Anim. i. p. 260 (1817);
=Goldf.= Schr. Säug. v. p. 1221 (1818); =Schinz=, Cuv. Thierr.
i. p. 387 (1821); =Desmoul.= Dict. Class. i. p. 441 (1822);
=Desm.= Mamm. ii. p. 452 (1822); =H. Sm.= Griff. An. K. iv. p.
229, v. p. 336 (1827); =Less.= Man. Mamm. p. 371 (1827); =J. B.
Fisch.= Syn. Mamm. p. 458 (1829); =Oken=, Allg. Nat. vii. p.
1267 (1838); =Laurill.= Dict. Univ. i. p. 615 (1839); =Gerv.=
Dict. Sci. Nat. Suppl. i. p. 260 (1840); =Less.= N. Tabl. R.
A., Mamm. p. 176 (1842); =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. iv. p. 416
(1844), v. p. 408 (1855); =Reichenb.= Säug. iii. p. 104, pl.
xxxi. fig. 180 (1845); =Schinz=, Syn. Mamm. ii. p. 409 (1845);
=id.= Mon. Antil. p. 11, pl. x. (1848); =Sund.= Pecora, K.
Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 270 (1847); =id.= Hornschuch’s Transl.,
Arch. Skand. Beitr. ii. p. 266; Reprint, p. 86 (1848); =Gieb.=
Säug. p. 312 (1853); =Radde=, Ost-Sibirien, p. 254, pl. xi. fig.
1 (1862); =Brehm=, Thierl. iii. p. 201 (1880).
_Cerophorus (Antilope) gutturosa_, =Blainv.= Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, p. 75.
_Cemas gutturosa_, =Oken=, Lehrb. Nat. iii. pt. 2, p. 737
(1816).
_Gazella gutturosa_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p. 231
(1846); =id.= List Ost. B. M. p. 56 (1847); =id.= Knowsl. Men.
p. 3 (1850); =Brooke=, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 546; =Flow. & Lyd.=
Mamm. p. 342 (1891); =Ward=, Horn Meas. (1) p. 119 (1892), (2)
p. 160 (1896); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 182 (1893); =Percy=,
Badm. Big Game Shooting, ii. p. 341 (1894).
_Procapra gutturosa_, =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 115; =id.= Cat.
Ung. B. M. p. 54 (1852); =Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 232
(1862); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 244, fig. (skull); =Fitz.=
SB. Ak. Wien, lix. p. 161 (1869); =Gray=, Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 37
(1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 105 (1873); =Flow. & Gars.=
Cat. Coll. Surg. ii. p. 266 (1884); =Jent.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, ix.) p. 136 (1887); =id.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus.
(op. cit. xi.) p. 167 (1892).
_Chinese Antelope_, =Penn.= Syn. Mamm. p. 35 (1771).
_Antilope tzeiran_, =Zimm.= Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 543 (1777).
_Antilope orientalis_, =Erxl.= Syst. R. A. p. 288 (1777);
=Gatt.= Brev. Zool. i. p. 82 (1780); =Desm.= N. Dict. d’H. N.
(1) xxiv. Tabl. p. 33 (1804).
VERNACULAR NAMES:--_Dzéren_ of Mongols, the male _Scharcholdsi_,
the female _Ohno_, the kid _Ingdacha_. _Hoang-yang_ (Yellow
Goat) of Chinese. _Tzonrah_ (♂) and _Vgovóh_ of Tanguts
(_Pallas_).
Size fairly large; height at withers rather over 30 inches; form
stout and thick. General colour fawn, paler than in most of the other
species, but the rump and sides are white, as is the whole of the
limbs. Gazelline face-markings absent; top of the muzzle browner than
the rest of the head; sides of the muzzle and cheeks white. Ears short
but pointed, thickly furred, their backs pale fawn, nearly white. No
lateral bands, either dull or light. No knee-brushes. Tail very short,
white, its tip brown.
According to Radde all the parts which are fawn in winter are in summer
of an intense isabel-yellow.
Skull long and narrow, with a heavy muzzle. Anteorbital fossæ obsolete.
Nasals long and broad. Basal length (in a not fully adult specimen) 9
inches, greatest breadth 4·1, muzzle to orbit 5·5.
Horns short in proportion to the size of the animal; heavily and
closely ringed; basally they are parallel to each other, diverging
above, with their tips again gently curved in towards each other.
_Female._ Similar, but without horns.
_Hab._ Northern and Eastern Mongolia, and southern borders
of Russian Transbaikalia.
The great traveller and naturalist, Peter Simon Pallas, whose name
we have already often mentioned in the course of this work, was the
first technical describer of this Antelope, although he was by no
means its discoverer, for he himself quotes previous references to it
in the works of older authors. But Pallas, in the Supplement to his
memoir on the Antelopes, published 1777, gave us the first scientific
description of it, and selected for it the appropriate scientific name
_gutturosa_, by which it has been ever since known. According to
Pallas, the first Europeans to become acquainted with this Gazelle
were the Jesuit missionaries in China, one of whom, Pereira, as quoted
by Witsenius, mentions it as a Chinese animal; while Du Halde, in his
great work upon China, describes it, under the name “Hoang-yang” or
_Capra flava_, as wandering about in large flocks in the deserts
of Mongolia. Further accounts of this Antelope were subsequently given
by Messerschmidt and Gmelin in the Commentaries of the St. Petersburg
Academy. These are also quoted by Pallas, who himself met with this
animal on the upper course of the River Onon, on the southern frontiers
of Transbaikalia. Pallas concludes his history of this species with
a lengthened description of its external form and anatomy, and gives
an uncoloured figure, in which the peculiar swollen condition of
the throat in the male in the breeding-season (whence it was termed
_gutturosa_) is correctly shown.
Pallas’s posthumous work, ‘Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica,’ contains little
more than a summary of his previous account of this animal.
The numerous authors who followed Pallas added little or nothing to
our knowledge of the Mongolian Gazelle, and were content to base their
notices of it almost entirely upon his publications. It is not, in
fact, until we come to nearly modern days that we obtain any further
original information concerning this animal.
Dr. Gustav Radde, now Director of the Museum at Tiflis, made extensive
journeys in South-eastern Siberia, under the patronage of the Imperial
Geographical Society of Russia, in 1855 and the three following years,
and amassed large zoological collections. One of the volumes of his
‘Reisen im Süden von Ost-Sibirien,’ published at St. Petersburg in
1862, is devoted to an account of the Mammals of South-eastern Siberia,
and is, and will long remain, our standard work on this subject. Dr.
Radde brought home five good specimens of this Antelope, and commences
his account of it with accurate descriptions of its summer and winter
pelages. He adds a detailed description of its skull and dentition,
and compares them at length with those of _Gazella subgutturosa_.
As regards its distribution in the present epoch, Dr. Radde points
out that, like the Dziggetai (_Equus hemionus_) and the Argali
Sheep (_Ovis ammon_), the Mongolian Gazelle has retreated to the
south and east from the Russian frontiers since the days of Pallas.
There are at present only two places on the southern borderlands of
Transbaikalia in which this Antelope remains during the summer and
breeds every year. One of these is a district east of the Dsŭn-tarei
which is seldom entered even by the shepherds of the Cossacks. It is
an uninhabited and rather mountainous country, without wood or bushes,
varied by salt-and some freshwater lakes, and covered only with yellow
_Elymus_-grasses. The other district, which is of a similar
character, lies north of the left bank of the Argunj, where this river
enters into the Russian territories between the border-posts of Soktui
and Abagaitui.
Dr. Radde gives the following account of the habits of this animal as
observed by himself and as obtained from the reports of the natives in
1856:--
“About the middle of June the doe produces generally two young
ones which remain quiet for three days, but after that are
strong enough to follow the mother wherever she goes. If caught
when young they quickly become tame. Shortly after my arrival
at Zagan-olui in May 1856 I saw a fawn of this Antelope feeding
with the sheep and goats without requiring any particular
attention.
“In summer these Antelopes are seldom hunted because they
are only occasionally to be found, but they are much pursued
during the early winter. There are, however, but few good
Antelope-hunters, especially amongst the Russians. Various
methods are adopted to get within shot. So long as no snow has
fallen the Antelopes usually proceed about midday in small
flocks to the freshwater lakes, where they break the thin ice
with their hoofs in order to drink. They select the same spot
every day for this purpose, and there it is that the hunter
makes his hiding-place. Driven on to the thin ice, the Antelopes
often fall through and thus become an easy prey.
“The ordinary way of hunting these Antelopes requires two
sportsmen, one of whom acts as driver for the other. One of
the hunters, as soon as he sees the Antelopes at a distance of
4 or 5 versts, lies down flat behind a marmot’s hillock, or
finds some other hiding-place amongst the grass, and holds his
gun ready, whilst the other makes a long circuit and drives
the Antelopes towards his companion. The flying Antelopes
generally depart in a line; but the old males do not always
keep in front, an old female sometimes occupying that position.
Pursued by the driver, the frightened animals proceed sometimes
at a walk, at other times in a hasty gallop, during which they
occasionally utter a sharp clear cry. When they come within
range the driver imitates the call of a raven or the howl of a
wolf to awake the attention of the animals and to allow the
shooter to choose out his victim more readily. The Tunguts of
the Steppes are especially skilled in finding and pursuing the
Antelopes, and even the young maidens of these tribes take part
in the chase. At one of the border-posts there was a celebrated
hunter who in many winters had obtained as many as 200 of these
Antelopes, which at this season go about in large herds. They
are occasionally so crowded together, as this hunter assured me,
that he had sometimes killed three and even four individuals
with one bullet.
“In what large numbers this Antelope sometimes assembles I was
able to convince myself in October 1856, when I was on the other
side of the Argunj in Mongolian territory, for their tracks and
their droppings were so numerous that it appeared as if some
thousands of sheep had gone by.
“The winter pelts of this Antelope make very warm and durable
coats (locally called dachas), which are worn with the hair
outside: the hair is not so brittle as that of the Roe. They
are valued at about one and a half roubles apiece. The flesh of
this Antelope is very palatable and the old bucks in the autumn
become extraordinarily fat.”
[Illustration: Fig. 56.
Skull and horns of the Mongolian Gazelle.
(P. Z. S. 1867, p. 245.)]
In 1867 Dr. Lockhart brought home with him from Pekin two skulls of
this Antelope and presented them to the British Museum. Dr. Gray read
some notes on them at a meeting of the Zoological Society of London in
February of that year. These notes were subsequently published in the
‘Proceedings,’ accompanied by an outline figure of one of the heads,
which, by the kind favour of the Society, we are enabled to reproduce.
Dr. Lockhart gave to Dr. Gray the following information as to this
Antelope:--
“The animal to which they belong is called _Hwang-Yang_,
the Yellow or Imperial Sheep. It is brought into Peking from
Mongolia in large numbers in a frozen state, and sold for food.
The flesh is much esteemed for its fine flavour and tenderness,
and is eagerly purchased both by natives and foreigners.
“The European gentlemen in Peking used to go into Mongolia
on shooting-expeditions for the purpose of hunting the
_Hwang-Yang_. The animal, however, is very wary and
generally keeps a long way out of range, so that the hunters are
not very successful. It is considered a great feat to kill one
of them.”
Besides an adult stuffed specimen of this species in the British
Museum, stated, but probably erroneously, to have come from the Kirghiz
Steppes, there are several skins and skulls in the collection obtained
by the late Consul R. Swinhoe at Pekin, besides the two heads and horns
already spoken of as brought home by Dr. Lockhart.
Our illustration (Plate LIV.), which represents both sexes of this
Antelope, was put upon the stone by Mr. Smit from a sketch drawn by Mr.
Wolf for the late Sir Victor Brooke. We have no record of what were the
exact specimens figured.
_January,_ 1898.
[Illustration:
THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. LV.
_J. Smit del. et lith._ _Hanhart imp._
The Persian Gazelle.
GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA.
_Published by R. H. Porter._]
85. THE PERSIAN GAZELLE.
GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA (GÜLD.).
[PLATE LV.]
_Antilope subgutturosa_, =Güld.= Act. Ac. Sc. Imp. Petrop. 1778,
pt. i. p. 251 (1780); =Schreb.= Säug. pl. cclxx. B (1785);
=Gmel.= Linn. S. N. i. p. 186 (1788); =Kerr=, Linn. An. K. p.
311 (1792); =Donnd.= Zool. Beytr. i. p. 628 (1792); =Link=,
Beytr. Nat. ii. p. 99 (1795); =Bechst.= Uebers. vierf. Thierr.
ii. p. 645 (1800); =Shaw=, Gen. Zool. ii. pt. 2, p. 343 (1801);
=Turt.= Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 113 (1802); =G. Cuv.= Dict. Sci.
Nat. ii. p. 227 (1804); =Pall.= Zoogr. Ross.-As. i. p. 252
(1811); =Afzel.= N. Act. Ups. vii. p. 220 (1815); =Desm.= N.
Dict. d’H. N. (2) ii. p. 185 (1816); =Goldf.= Schr. Säug. v. p.
1196 (1818); =Desm.= Mamm. ii. p. 454 (1822); =H. Sm.= Griff.
An. K. iv. p. 210, v. p. 331 (1827); =Less.= Man. Mamm. p. 373
(1827); =J. B. Fisch.= Syn. Mamm. p. 460 (1829); =Hohenacker=,
Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1837, viii. p. 137 (Transcaucasia);
=Ménétriés=, Cat. rais. Zool. Caucase, p. 24 (borders of Caspian
Sea); =Less.= Compl. Buff. x. p. 287 (1836); =Oken=, Allg.
Naturg. vii. p. 1268 (1838); =Gerv.= Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. i.
p. 261 (1840); =Démidoff=, Voy. Russ. Mérid. iii. p. 61 (1840)
(Transcaucasia); =Eichwald=, Faun. Caspio-Caucas. p. 39 (1841);
=Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 176 (1842); =Wagn.= Schr. Säug.
Suppl. iv. p. 406 (1844), v. p. 404 (1855); =Schinz=, Syn. Mamm.
ii. p. 402 (1845); =Reichenb.= Säug. iii. p. 114, pl. xxxiv.
(1845); =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 269 (1847);
=id.= Hornschuch’s Transl., Arch. Skand. Beitr. ii. p. 265;
Reprint, p. 85 (1848); =Gieb.= Säug. p. 307 (1853); =De Fil.=
Viagg. in Persia, p. 344 (1865); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. p. 160
(1869).
_Antilope (Gazella) subgutturosa_, =Licht.= Mag. nat. Freund.
vi. p. 171 (1814).
_Cerophorus (Gazella) subgutturosa_, =Blainv.= Bull. Soc.
Philom. 1816, p. 75.
_Gazella subgutturosa_, =Gray=, List Mamm. B. M. p. 160 (1843);
=id.= Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p. 231 (1846); =Hutt.= J. A.
S. B. xv. p. 151 (1846) (Candahar); =Gray=, Knowsl. Men. p.
4 (1850); =id.= P. Z. S. 1850, p. 113; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M.
p. 58 (1852); =Temm.= Esq. Zool. Guin. p. 193 (1853); =Blyth=,
Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. p. 172 (1863); =Wolf=, Zool. Sketches,
pl. xxii.; =Scl.= P. Z. S. 1869, p. 602; =Blanf.= Zool. Abyss,
p. 261, pl. i. fig. 4 (horns) (1870); =Gray=, Cat. Rum. B. M.
p. 38 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 107 (1873); =Blanf.=
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 313 (distribution); =Brooke=, P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 545; =Przewalski=, Mongolia (Russian ed.), pl. i. fig. 2
(1875); =id.= Morgan’s Engl. Transl. i. p. 207 (1876); =Blanf.=
E. Persia, ii. p. 91 (1876); =Severtz.= Ann. Mag. N. H. (4)
xviii. p. 170 (1876); =Danf. & Alst.= P. Z. S. 1877, p. 276
(Tigris); =iid.= P. Z. S. 1880, p. 55; =Scl.= List An. Z. S. (8)
p. 141 (1883), (9) p. 155 (1896); =Sterndale=, Mamm. Ind. p. 466
(1884); =Scl.= P. Z. S. 1886, p. 2; =Scully=, J. A. S. B. lvi.
pt. 2, p. 76 (1887); =Jent.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. P.-B.
ix.) p. 136 (1887); =Thos.= Linn. Trans. (2) v. p. 64 (1889);
=Büchn.= Mél. Biol. xiii. p. 160 (1890); =W. Scl.= Cat. Mamm.
Calc. Mus. ii. p. 160 (1891); =Blanf.= Faun. Brit. Ind., Mamm.
p. 528 (1891); =Jent.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. P.-B. xi.)
p. 168 (1892); =Ward=, Horn Meas. (1) p. 118 (1892), (2) p. 159
(1896); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 180 (1893); =Percy=, Badm.
Big Game Shooting, ii. p. 342 (1894); =Satunin=, Zool. JB. Syst.
ix. p. 310 (1896) (Transcaucasia).
“_Antilope dorcas_, var. _persica_, Rüpp.,” =Gray=, List Mamm.
B. M. p. 160 (1843).
_Gazella subgutturosa_, var. _yarkandensis_, =Blanf.= J. A. S.
B. xliv. pt. 2, p. 112; =id.= Yark. Miss., Mamm. p. 88, pl. xv.
(1879).
_Gazella hillieriana_ et _G. mongolica_, =Heude=, Mém. Hist.
Nat. Chine, ii. p. 245, pls. xxxvi. & xxxvii. (1894).
VERNACULAR NAMES:--_Dshairan_ (_Pallas_), _Ahu_ (_Blanford_)
of Persians; _Karakeuruk_ (= Black-tail) of Khirghiz Tartars
(_Pallas_); _Kik_ (or _Sai-kik_) and _Tairan_ of Turkis of
Yarkand (_Blanford_).