At the White House.--The Anxious Throngs.--Examination of
the Wounds.--The President's Questions.--His Willingness to
Die.--Waiting for his Wife.--Sudden Relapse.--A Glimmer of
Hope.--A Sunday of Doubt.--Independence Day.--Remarks of
George William Curtis.
The members of the Cabinet and a number of the President's personal
friends were at the White House, when the ambulance containing the
wounded man drove slowly up the avenue.
When he saw them on the porch, he raised his right hand, and with one of
his old, bright smiles, gave the military salute. But for the extreme
pallor of his face, no one would have guessed the intense pain he was
suffering, as he was borne upstairs to his own room in the southeast
corner.
An excited crowd had already gathered about the White House, but troops
had been ordered from the Washington Arsenal, and armed sentinels kept a
vigilant guard about the executive Mansion.
When Dr. Bliss and the other physicians in attendance examined the
wounds, they found the first shot had passed through the arm just below
the shoulder, without breaking any bones. The other ball had entered
the back just over the hips, but what direction it had taken, of where
it had lodged, could not be determined with any degree of certainty. The
physicians held a short consultation, and agreed to search for the ball
as soon as the President's condition would permit.
The wounded man first complained of pain in his feet and legs, and for a
long time the "tiger clawing," as he called it, seemed harder to bear
than anything else. It is easy to understand now, how seriously the
spinal cord and the whole nervous system must have been affected by that
first fearful fracture of the vertebrae.
As the shock began to pass off, the President turned to Secretary
Blaine, who was sitting beside him, and said,--
"What motive do you think that man could have had in trying to
assassinate me?"
"Indeed, I cannot tell. He says he had no motive."
"Perhaps," said Garfield, with a smile, "he thought it would be a
glorious thing to be a pirate king."
Turning to Dr. Bliss, he said,--
"I want to know my true condition. Do not conceal anything from me;
remember, I am not afraid to die."
The President's condition was extremely critical at that time, as there
were indications of internal hemorrhage, and the doctor frankly told him
that he feared he could live but a few hours.
"God's will be done," he replied; "I am ready to go if my time has
come."
As the little group stood in silence about his bed, they recalled his
words to Colonel Knox only a few days before, when warned of the danger
that might be lurking in hidden corners.
"I must come and go as usual," he said; "I cannot surround myself with a
body-guard. _If the good of this country, the interests of pure
government and of the people against one-man power, demand the sacrifice
of my life, I think I am ready._"
The arrival of Mrs. Garfield from Long Branch was anxiously awaited all
through that long, weary afternoon. An accident to the engine delayed
the train upon which she had started, and it was evening before she
reached the White House.
The President's quick ears heard the carriage-wheels as they rolled over
the gravel driveway, and with a bright smile, he exclaimed,--
"That's my wife! God bless the little woman!" Then the strong-will power
that had kept him up to this moment, seemed suddenly to give way. His
attendants thought he was dying, and for hours his life hung upon the
merest thread.
Slowly, but surely, the tide began to turn. At midnight he was still
conscious--the doctors thought there was "one chance" that he might
recover--the President had bravely taken that one chance; and with
lightning speed the good news was telegraphed all over the country.
Sunday morning the President was so much better that he wanted to know
what had been said about the assassination--and what was the general
feeling throughout the country.
"The country," replied Colonel Rockwell, "is full of sympathy for you.
We will save all the papers so that you can see them when you get well;
but you must not talk now."
The President smiled, and in the broken slumber that followed he
murmured to himself,--
"The great heart of the people will not let the old soldier die!"
The next night was one of fearful suspense, and the dawn of Independence
Day was ushered in with mingled feelings of hope and fear.
A few days later, George William Curtis wrote as follows:--
"No Fourth of July in our history was ever so mournful as that which has
just passed. In 1826 John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died on
Independence Day. But the singular and beautiful coincidence was not
known for some time, and then it was felt to be a fitting and memorable
end of the life of venerable patriots long withdrawn from public
affairs. Nearly forty years later, 1863, there was intense and universal
anxiety when the great day dawned. Mr. Greeley, in his history, calls
the ten days preceding the Fourth of July in that year the very darkest
days the republic ever saw. But that was during the angry fury of civil
war, when passions and emotions of every kind were inflamed to the
utmost. There was fiery party rancor in the feeling of that time, and
the whole year was full of similar excitement.
"But the emotion and the spectacle of this year are without parallel. In
every household there was a hushed and tender silence, as if one dearly
loved lay dying. In every great city and retired village the public
festivities were stayed, and the assembly of joy and pride and
congratulation was solemnized into a reverent congregation of heads
bowed in prayer. In foreign countries American gayety was suspended. In
the British Parliament, Whig and Tory and Radical listened to catch from
the lips of the Prime Minister the latest tidings from one sufferer.
From the French republic, from the old empire of Japan, and the new
kingdom of Bulgaria, from Parnell, the Irish agitator, and from the Lord
Mayor of Dublin, came messages of sympathy and sorrow. Sovereigns and
princes, the people and the nobles, joined in earnest hope for the life
of the Republican President. The press of all Christendom told the
mournful story, and moralized as it told. In this country the popular
grief was absolutely unanimous. One tender, overpowering thought called
a truce even to party contention. Old and young, men and women of all
nationalities and of all preferences, their differences forgotten,
waited all day for news, watched the flags and every sign that might be
significant, and lay down, praying, to sleep, thanking God that as yet
the worst had not come.
"It was a marvellous tribute. In Europe, it was respect for a powerful
State; in America, it was affection for a simple and manly character. It
is plain that the tale of General Garfield's hardy and heroic life, the
sure and steady rise of this poor American boy, taking every degree of
honor in the great university of experience, equal to every occasion, to
peace and war, to good fortune and ill fortune, had profoundly touched
the heart of his countrymen. A year ago, every word and incident of that
life was told by party passion--on one side eulogized and extolled; on
the other, distorted and vilified. Out of the fiery ordeal he emerged
with a general kindly regard and high expectation. Mild and conciliatory
in character, of long and various political experience, a natural
statesman with an able mind amply stored and especially trained for
public duty, simply dignified in manner, a powerful man, singularly
blameless, he entered upon the presidency with every happy augury. The
country was at peace within and without, and hummed with universal
prosperity. The first measures of his administration were both wise and
fortunate, and the only trouble sprang from a source which is rapidly
becoming the fatal bane of the country--the patronage of office. This
breeds faction and makes faction fanatical and furious. If indignation
with fancied slights and supposed breaches of faith regarding patronage,
could so overmaster a conspicuous and experienced public man like Mr.
Conkling as to drive him suddenly to resign the highest political trust
which his State could bestow, to imperil his public career, to astound
his friends, and to abandon the control of the Senate to his political
opponents, it is not surprising that fancied neglect of political merit
and service should bewilder the light brain of an unbalanced and obscure
camp-follower like Guiteau, until, brooding with diseased mind upon his
'wrongs,' he should resolve to do 'justice' upon the supposed
wrong-doer.
"So, in the most peaceful and prosperous moment that this country has
known for a half-century, the shot of the assassin is fired at a man
absolutely without personal enemies, and a President whom even his
political opponents respect. Then to the impression of brave and
generous and sagacious manhood, already produced by his career, was
added his sweet and tranquil bearing under the murderous blow. The
unselfish thought of others, the cheerful steadiness and even gayety of
temper, the lofty and manly resignation, with entire freedom from
ostentation of piety, the strong love of the strong man for those
dearest to him, and the noble response of his wife's calm and perfect
womanhood to this supreme and courageous manhood, filled the hearts of
his countrymen with sympathy and love and sorrow, and whether he lived
or died, his place in the affection of Americans was as secure as
Lincoln's.
"Such feeling of millions of hearts for one man is profoundly touching.
It gives him a great distinction among all mankind. But it is also a
benediction for a people to be lifted by such an emotion. It is
impossible that party passion should not be somewhat subdued by it, and
that a wholesome sense of shame should not chasten factions and
disputes. If such are the men with whom bitter quarrels are waged, and
upon whom unstinted contumely and contempt are poured out, shall we not
all, upon every side, pause and reflect that to blow mere party fires to
fury, and to trample personal character in the mire of angry political
dispute, is to disgrace ourselves and the cause that we would serve, and
the country whose good name depends upon us? That is the reflection
which this last solemn Fourth of July undoubtedly suggested. It
recalled the country to emotions higher than those of the shop and the
caucus. It is character that makes a country. It is manhood like that of
Garfield and Lincoln which made the past of America, and which makes its
future possible. Commercial prosperity and politics and all national
interests rest at last upon the honesty and courage and intelligence of
the people, not upon mines and material resources, nor upon great
railroads or tariffs or free trade."