Moore, at Finch’s Grotto, 242
Morland, George, 153
Morland, Sir Samuel, 287
Mortram, 318
Mother Huff’s, Hampstead, 180
“Mount Etna” at Ranelagh, 215, 216
Mount Gardens: _see_ Flora Tea Gardens, Westminster Bridge Road
Mountain, Mr. and Mrs., 312
Moyse, Miss, 101, 243
Mozart, 210
Mulberry Garden, 1
Mulberry Garden, Clerkenwell, 40–42
Munden, 72, 311
Murphin, 243
Musard, 322
N
Nassau balloon, 322
Natator, the man frog, 165
Negus, Mr., 66
Nepecker, Mr., 243
New Georgia, Hampstead, 187, 188, 222
New Spring Gardens, Chelsea, 221
New Spring Garden, Vauxhall (Vauxhall Gardens), 78, 286, 287
New Tunbridge Wells: _see_ Islington Spa
New Wells, near the London Spa, 33–36, 40
Newington Butts, 278
Newland, Abraham, 134
North, Lord, 214
Northampton Chapel, 27
O
Oakes, Miss, 243
Oakman, J., 232
“Ode on St. Cecilia’s Day,” B. Thornton’s, 209
Offield, Mr., 242
Old Spring Garden, Vauxhall, 286, 287
Oldcastle: _see_ Sir John Oldcastle
Oldfield, Mr., 242
Onslow, Arthur, 113
Orange Theatre, 219
Orchard, Robert, 158
O’Rourke, Paddy, 65
Oswald, 209
Ozealey, 65
P
Paddy O’Rourke, 65
Paine, Thomas, 115
Palmer, flute-player, 243
Pancras Wells, 123–126
Pandean Band, 135
Pantheon, Oxford Street, 25, 268
Pantheon, Spa Fields, 25–28, 143
Park, hautboy player, 103
Parry, harper, 208
Parson Bate: _see_ Dudley, Sir H. B.
Patagonian Theatre, 243
Pay, Miss, 233
Pearson, Mrs., 44
Peerless Pool, The, 81–85
Peile, Mr. and Mrs., 233
Penny’s Folly, 145, 146
Pepys, Samuel, 1, 2, 94, 189, 258, 286–288
Perceval, Rt. Hon. Spencer, 192
“Perillous Pond,” 81
Petersham, Lady Caroline, 298
Phelps, Samuel, 52
Phillips, Mr., 103, 106
Piercy, Mrs., 233
Pike, organ-builder, 242
Pinchbeck, 18, 291
Pinder a Wakefielde tavern, 56
Pinto, Mrs., 104: _see also_ Brent, Miss
Pinto, Thomas, 103, 104, 250
Piquenit, 104
Placido, 51
Plenius, Miss, 101
Pleyel, 269
Price, equestrian, 142, 148, 150
Prospect House: _see_ Dobney’s Bowling Green
Prynn, 65
Q
Queen’s Head and Artichoke, 111, 112
R
Racing, 51, 191, 236
Ramelio, Mme., 97
Ramo Samee, 319
Ranelagh, Earl of, 199
Ranelagh House and Gardens, described, 199–218;
origin of, 199 ff.;
Rotunda, 201 ff.;
entertainments and company, 203 ff.;
annals of, A.D. 1742–1769, 208 ff.;
history of, A.D. 1770–1805, 212 ff.;
allusions to, 34, 40, 266, 294
Ranelagh Regatta, 213
Rann, John, 60, 61, 67
Ravel Family, 322
Rawlins, Mr., dancer, 244
Raworth, Mr., 101
Rayner, Mr. Dove, 88
Rayner, Miss, 34, 35
Redigé, Paul, 50
Reed, Mrs., at Finch’s Grotto, 243
Reeves, Mons., 105
Reilly, Luke, 283
Reinhold, 97, 104–106, 214, 291
Restoration Spring Gardens, 263, 264
“Revenge,” Chatterton’s, 104
Reynolds, Sir J., 201, 214, 235
Reynoldson, 103
Rice, T. D., 139
Richer, wire dancer, 50
Rigby, Vernon, 165
“Riley’s” Gardens, Vauxhall, 283
Rippin, Dorothy, 177
Rivière, Lazare, 272
Roberts, Mr., 65
Robinson, George, vocalist, 319
Robinson, Sir Thomas, 40, 200, 212
Rockholt House, 40
Rodell, Mons., 106
Rogers, Samuel, 182, 205
Romanzini, Miss, 50: _see also_ Bland, Mrs.
Rose of Normandy tavern, 93, 94, 109
Rosemary Branch, Islington (Hoxton), 10
Rosherville Gardens, 11
Rosoman, Mr., 25, 33, 34, 47, 48
Rossi, 104, 215, 233
Roubillac, 302, 303
Rouse, R., 139
Rouse, T., 86
Royal Apollo Saloon, 115, 116
Royal Gardens, Vauxhall: _see_ Vauxhall Gardens
Royal Oak Lottery, 17
Rule, Rev. John, 147
S
Sadler, Mr., 43, 44
Sadler’s Wells, 15, 43–53, 124, 243
St. Chad’s Well, 72–74
St. George’s Spa: _see_ Dog and Duck
St. Helena Gardens, Rotherhithe, 238–240
St. Pancras Wells: _see_ Pancras Wells
Sainville, M., 216
Salter, Mr., of St. Chad’s Well, 72
Salter, Mr. (jun.?), of St. Chad’s Well, 73
Salter, Thomas, of Bagnigge Wells, 64
Samee, Ramo, 319
Sampson, equestrian, 142, 148–151, 273
Sampson, Mrs., 149, 150
Sandwich, Lord, 310
Saqui, Mme., 312–315
Scawen, Capt., 308
“Serva Padrona,” 97, 105, 106
Shacklewell, 173
Shaftoe, Charlotte, 274
Shakespeare Tavern and Jubilee Gardens: _see_ Dobney’s Bowling Green
Sharp, J. W., 319
Sharp and Warren, Messrs., 135
Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham, 94
“Shepherd and Shepherdess,” 85–87
Sherratt, John, 95
Siamese Twins, 165
Sibilla, Signora, 250
Simpson, Mr., at Bagnigge Wells, 65
Simpson, C. H., of Vauxhall Gardens, 319, 320, 322
Sion Chapel, Hampstead, 178
“Sir John Oldcastle” Tavern, 70, 71
“Sixteen Strings Jack”: _see_ Rann, John
Skeggs, Mr., 209
Sloman, Charles, 65, 139
Smart, Christopher, 104
Smart, violinist, 243, 244
Smeisser, G., 195
Smith, A., at Finch’s Grotto, 243, 244
Smith, Edward Tyrrell, 165, 324
Smith, H., 65
Smith, J. T., 234 f., 254
Smith, Miss, vocalist, 101
Smith, Mrs., at Finch’s Grotto, 243
Smith, Thomas, at Finch’s Grotto, 243
Smith’s Tea Gardens, Vauxhall, 283
Snell, Hannah, 35
Snow, Sophia, 243
Snow, Valentine, 243, 303
Soame, Dr. John, 181
Southby, 318
Spa Fields Chapel, 27
Spaniards, The, Hampstead, 184–186
Spencer, Edward, 322
Spinacuti, 50
Spring Garden, Charing Cross, 1, 286
Spring Gardens, Chelsea, 221
Spring Gardens, Knightsbridge, 221
Spring Garden, The New, Vauxhall, 78
Spring Garden, Stepney, 88, 89
Spring Garden, Stoke Newington, 172
Spring Gardens, Vauxhall (Vauxhall Gardens), 286 ff.
Squibb, Mr., 101
Stanesby, Mr., 96
Staples, William, 184
Star and Garter Tavern, Chelsea, 220, 221
Steevens, George, 107
Stephens, Miss, 319
Stephenson, Miss, Bermondsey Spa, 233
Stepney Spring Garden, 88, 89
Stevenson, Miss, Vauxhall Gardens, 295, 304
Stock, W., 64
Stoke Newington Spring Garden, 172
Storace, 97, 101
Storer, Mrs., 209
Strologer, Master, 68
Strombolo House, Chelsea, 219
Suett, Master (Dick Suett), 243
Surrey Zoological Gardens, 11
Sutton, Mr., 65
Sutton, Mrs., 154
Swift, Jonathan, 288
Swinnerton, G., 128
Sydney Gardens, Bath, 270
T
Talbot, Miss, 272
Tate, Mr., 153
Taylor, Mr., 101, 103
Taylor, Miss, 238
Taylor Mrs., 101, 243
Temple of Apollo: _see_ Apollo Gardens
Temple of Flora, 266–267
Tenducci, 210
Tenoe, Mr., 178
Tessier, 215, 233
Theobald, James, 261
Thomas, Giles, 185
Thomas, Miss, 105, 210, 243
Thompson, Mrs., 104–106, 213, 233
Thornton, Bonnell, 209
Thorogood, Mr., 65
Thrale, Mrs., 272
Three Hats, The, Islington, 148–152
Three Tuns Ale House, 75
Todd, Thomas, 217
Tooth, Mr., 158
Torré, 105–107
Townshend, Dr., 241
Trades Unionists in Copenhagen Fields, 160
“Treat, The,” Stepney, 89
Trelawny, Miss, 106
Trusler, Mr. John, 95, 101
Trusler, Dr. John, 97
Trusler, Miss, 95, 101
Tunstall, Miss, 116, 312
Turpin, Dick, 100
Tyers, Jonathan, 289, 290 ff.
Tyers, Jonathan, the younger, 305 ff.
Tyers, Thomas (“Tom”), 305
Tytler, J., 78
V
Vauxhall Affray, The, 307
Vauxhall Gardens, account of, 286–326;
allusions to, 34, 200, 201, 252, 269, 283, 284;
early history of, 286–289;
Ridottos at, 298, 308;
season-tickets, 290, 291, 294;
approaches to, 293 ff.;
the Cascade, 296, 318;
refreshments at, 296–300;
Grand Walk, Dark Walks, Lovers’ Walk, &c., described, 300–302,
318;
the boxes, 302, 303;
the Rotunda, 303, 314, 318;
concerts, 303, 304, 308–312, 319;
affrays and disorderly scenes at, 305–308, 312;
fireworks, 312 ff.
_Vauxhall Papers_, 322
Venning, Mrs., 238
Vernon, Admiral, 34, 96, 250
Vernon, vocalist, 214, 304, 308, 310
Vestris, Mme., 319
Victoria Tea Gardens, Bayswater, 119
Vincent, Mrs., 101, 304
W
Walpole, Horace, 200, 210, 222, 249, 294, 298, 308
Wardell, Robert, 323
Warner, Jemmy, 50
Watts, Joseph, 82, 84
Watts, Thomas, 82, 84
Waylett, Mrs., 319
Weichsell, Mrs., 304, 310
Wellington, Duke of, 312
Werner, harper, 103
Wesley, Rev. John, 36
Weston, of Drury Lane, 243
Wewitzer, Miss, 106, 310
White Conduit House, 131–140, 146, 162
White Conduit Loaves, 133
Wilde, Miss, 106
Wilder, Mr., 227
Wildman, Daniel, 143
Wilford, General R. R., 218
Wilkinson, Miss, 48
Williams, Mr., 241, 243 ff.
Williams, W. H., 319
Williams’s Grotto Gardens, 243 ff.
Willoughby, Mr., 162
Willoughby’s Tea Gardens, 162
Wingfield, Miss, 269
Wood, Miss, 238
Wood, Thomas, 129
Woolaston, Mrs., 306
Worgan, Dr. John, 303
World’s End, Knightsbridge, 221
Worman, Mr., 250
Wright, Miss, 210, 304
Wrighten, Mrs., 236, 310
Wynne, Sir W. W., 245
Y
Yates, Mr., 35
Yeates, Mr., 35, 36
York Buildings Music Meeting, 279
Yorkshire Stingo, The, 115–116
Young, Miss, 209
Z
Zucker, Mr., 145, 146
Zucker, Mrs., 145
THE END
_Richard Clay and Sons, Limited, London and Bungay._
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Some of the rarer items of the collection which it seemed desirable
to cite as authorities are marked W. or W. Coll.
[2] Several London pleasure gardens were in existence _before_ the
Restoration, the Mulberry Garden on the site of Buckingham Palace and
the Spring Gardens at Charing Cross being well-known instances. But in
the present volume only such seventeenth-century gardens as survived
till the succeeding century are noticed.
[3] The English Grotto.
[4] Cp. _The Idler_, No. 15, July 1758.
[5] At Vauxhall fireworks were not introduced till 1798, but
illuminations were always a feature of the gardens.
[6] Bermondsey Spa and Finch’s Grotto, above mentioned, might be
classed among the spas and springs, but their amusements resembled
those of Vauxhall.
[7] _Islington Wells, a song of all the virtues of those old waters
newly found out._ London, 1684 (Brit. Mus.), cp. _A morning
ramble; or Islington Wells burlesqt._ London, 1684 (Cunningham,
_London_, 1850, s.v. “Islington”).
[8] _London Gazette_, 24 September, 1685.
[9] Nearly all modern writers--Mr. Pinks is an exception--have
in some way or other confused Sadler’s Wells with New Tunbridge
Wells (Islington Spa). The mistake may have first arisen from the
circumstance that Sadler, in his printed prospectus concerning the
discovery of the wells on his premises, describes them as “Sadler’s New
Tunbridge Wells near Islington.” The sub-title of New Tunbridge Wells
never, however, took root at Sadler’s, though it was soon permanently
adopted (as is stated in our text) by the rival Islington Wells,
_i.e._ Islington Spa.
[10] The following details are mainly derived from _Islington Wells,
or the Threepenny Academy_, 1691, and from Edward Ward’s _Walk to
Islington_, 1699, fol. (Ward’s _Works_, ii. 63, ff. ed. 1709).
[11] Ward describes the gambling places as an outhouse with sheds and a
hovel adjoining.
[12] _Islington Wells, or the Threepenny Academy._
[13] Cp. E. Ward, “The Infallible Predictor” (_Works_, ii. p. 355,
ed. 1709).
[14] An advertisement of 23 May, 1712 (Percival’s Sadler’s Wells
announces the performances from six to ten in the morning and from four
till eight in the evening of two wonderful posture-makers, a man and a
child of nine, to take place in the dancing-room of New Tunbridge Wells.
[15] Extract from family correspondence communicated by C. L. S. to
_Notes and Queries_, 8th ser. vi. 1894, p. 69.
[16] In 1760 the breakfasting was ninepence, the afternoon tea
sixpence, and the coffee eightpence. No stronger beverages were sold.
[17] A serious attempt seems to have been made to keep this rule.
The _London Daily Advertiser_ for 25 June, 1752, records that a
beautiful though notorious woman, who had appeared at the dancing at
New Tunbridge on June 24, was, on being recognised by the company,
turned out by a constable.
[18] Dr. Russel, who analysed the water about 1733, says that it had a
taste of iron and (unless mixed with common water) was apt to make the
drinker giddy or sleepy. This was the experience of Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu, who, however, expatiates on the benefit she had derived from
the Spa.
[19] This was between the main part of the Spa gardens and St. John’s
Street Road; cp. Wallis’s _Plan_, 1808.
[20] A band had played in the morning under Holland’s management
(advertisement in the _Public Advertiser_, 5 May, 1775).
[21] Malcolm, _Lond. rediv._ iii. 230, 231.
[22] The orchestra connected with it was pulled down in 1827;
Cromwell’s _Clerkenwell_, p. 357.
[23] No. 6, Eliza Place, stood on the site of the old entrance (Pinks).
[24] Mr. Philip Norman, writing in _Notes and Queries_, 8th
ser. vi. 1894, p. 457, says:--“I have seen (in the cellar of No. 6,
Spa Cottages, behind the house at the corner of Lloyd’s Row) grotto
work with stone pilasters and on each side steps descending. Here, I
believe, was the chalybeate spring. For many years it has ceased to
flow.”
[25] _Daily Telegraph_, 1 August, 1895.
[26] A newspaper paragraph of April 1752, mentions the little summer
house at the Ducking Pond House in Spa Fields, as being lately stripped
of its chairs and tables by some pitiful rogues.
[27] In _The Macaroni and Theatrical Magazine_ for January 1773
(p. 162) is the notice:--
“Pantheons: The _Nobility’s_, Oxford Road; the _Mobility’s_,
Spawfields.”
[28] The organ appears, about 1772, to have been silenced on Sundays,
at least for a time. A correspondent in _The Gazetteer and New Daily
Advertiser_ for 20 June, 1772, refers to the Middlesex Justices who
will not suffer the organs to be played at the Little Pantheon, White
Conduit House, Bagnigge Wells, &c.
[29] _May Day, or the Origin of Garlands_, a poem published in
1720. _The Field Spy_, published in 1714 (Rogers, _Views of
Pleasure Gardens of London_, p. 46), speaks of the spring and garden
as if a good deal frequented in 1714.
[30] A rare bronze ticket of oblong form, incised with the words,
“London Spaw No. 19,” is in the possession of Mr. W. T. Ready, the
London coin dealer. It may belong to about the middle of the last
century.
[31] Rosoman Street was called after Mr. Rosoman, who about 1756 built
the west side, which was then called Rosoman Row. Rosoman, who acted at
the New Wells in 1744, was the well-known proprietor of Sadler’s Wells.
Pinks (_Clerkenwell_) states that the houses numbered (in his
time) 5 to 8 occupied the site of the Wells.
[32] The New Wells seem to have been already established in 1737.
The earliest advertisement quoted in Pinks is of 1738, but there are
earlier advertisements (W. Coll.), May to August 1737, in one of which
reference is made to the alterations in the theatre that season.
[33] _Daily Post_, 3 July, 1742 (quoted in _Gent. Mag._ 1813,
pt. ii. p. 561).
[34] Doran’s _London in Jacobite Times_, ii. pp. 148, 149.
[35] The English Grotto has escaped the minute research of Mr.
Pinks, and his continuator Mr. Woods (cp. however, Daniel, _Merrie
England_, i. chap. ii. p. 33). It is practically known only from the
following views:--
(1) A view of the English Grotto, near the New River Head.
Chatelain del. et sculp. 1760. Crace, _Cat._ p. 591, No. 60
(cp. engraving (_circ._ 1760), without artist’s name, in W.
Coll.).
(2) The Grotto, near the New River Head, 1760. A drawing in
Indian ink. Crace, _Cat._ p. 590, No. 59.
(3) A water-colour copy of No. 1 by R. B. Schnebellie. Crace,
_Cat._ p. 591, No. 61.
[36] The continuator of Pinks (p. 740) quotes advertisements of 1769,
without, however, specifying the newspapers referred to. J. T. Smith,
_Book for a Rainy Day_, p. 70, refers to the Grotto Garden as
being kept by Jackson in 1779. Pinks (p. 169) mentions the fountain and
Grotto in 1780, and describes the site.
[37] Rockhoutt = Rockholt House in Essex.
[38] The legs referred to are those of Sir Thomas Robinson, the
principal proprietor of Ranelagh, nicknamed Long Sir Thomas.
[39] The New Wells, Clerkenwell.
[40] Cuper’s Gardens, Lambeth.
[41] Newspaper advertisement in “Public Gardens” collection in
Guildhall Library, London.
[42] Advertisement in _Daily Advertiser_, 8 July, 1745.
[43] Sadler originally advertised the place as “Sadler’s New Tunbridge
Wells,” but it soon became known simply as Sadler’s Wells. On the
confusion with the neighbouring New Tunbridge Wells (Islington Spa),
_see_ Islington Spa, _supra_, note 3.
[44] About 1800 the forgotten well was accidentally re-discovered
between the stage door and the New River.
[45] A poem by William Garbott, entitled the _New River_,
published probably about 1725.
[46] _A new song on Sadler’s Wells_, set by Mr. Brett, 1740.
[47] The Sadler’s Wells anglers are mentioned in the _Field Spy_,
a poem of 1714. The New River remained open until 1861–62 when it was
covered in.
[48] A newspaper cutting in “Public Gardens” collection in Guildhall
Library, records the death on 2 February, 1786, of Mrs. Bennet, of
Merlin’s Cave, Spa Fields, who was the successor of her uncle, Mr. Hood.
[49] A view of the Merlin’s Cave at Richmond forms the frontispiece of
_Gent. Mag._ 1735; on the cave, _see_ Walford’s _Greater
London_, ii. 345, ff
[50] A square stone bearing the inscription given below was, about
1760, over an old gateway in the wall to the north of the Long Room,
and was still there in 1843. In 1850 it was to be seen in Coppice Row,
now Farringdon Road.
S T
THIS IS BAGNIGGE
HOUSE NEARE
THE PINDER A
WAKEFEILDE
1680.
The Pinder a Wakefielde (the modern representative of which stands near
the old site in Gray’s Inn Road) was a tavern; and some writers have
inferred from the above inscription that Bagnigge Wells itself was a
place of entertainment as early as 1680.
[51] Over one of the chimney-pieces of the room was the garter of the
order of St. George, in relief, and over another the bust of a woman in
Roman dress, popularly supposed to represent Nell Gwynne. This bust was
let into a circular cavity of the wall, bordered with festoons of fruit
and flowers moulded in delft earth and coloured after nature. Owing to
the number of visitors promenading in the Long Room to the hindrance of
the waiters, the room was, before 1797, divided into two, though we are
told that the “former elegance” remained.
[52] The organ and its organist (under Davis), Charley Griffith, are
shown in an engraving “The Bagnigge Organfist” (undated). “Published
for the benefit of decayed musicians.”
[53] _Picture of London_, 1802.
[54] “Bagnigge Wells,” a song in the _London Magazine_, June, 1759.
[55] Colman’s prologue to Garrick’s _Bon Ton_, 1775.
[56] This is made sufficiently clear in the _Sunday Ramble_ (1774,
&c.); in the poem cited in the next note, and in Trusler’s _London
Adviser_ (1786).
[57] _Bagnigge Wells_, an anonymous poem (1779).
[58] _The life of John Rann, otherwise Sixteen Strings Jack_,
reprinted London, 1884; C. Whibley in _The New Review_, 1896, p.
222; cp. also the print “The Road to Ruin.”
[59] Sale Catalogue, 1813. (Copy in Brit. Mus.)
[60] A few years before 1891, these figures were in the possession of
Dr. Lonsdale of Carlisle (Wheatley’s _London P. and P._).
[61] The temple (behind the Long Room) and the grotto to the north of
it, were, as formerly, in the garden east of the Fleet. The western
garden, previous to its curtailment, contained the rustic cottage
nearly opposite the grotto, and the pond with its swan and Cupid
fountain about the middle of the garden.
[62] For New Year’s day 1751, new fireworks in the Chinese manner were
announced to take place at the Sir John Oldcastle (Pinks, p. 738).
This was a special subscription entertainment. The regular open-air
amusements appear to have come to an end in 1746.
[63] The Well at Battle Bridge (_i.e._ St. Chad’s) is mentioned
with four other London Wells in the _Macaroni and Theatrical
Magazine_ for January 1773, p. 162. A Mr. Salter was part proprietor
of the Well for many years previous to 1798. His mind became deranged
and on 17 July, 1798, he was found drowned in a pond in the garden of
St. Chad’s (_The Courier_ for 18 July, 1798).
[64] Coull’s _St. Pancras_, p. 22.
[65] In the minutes of a Vestry Meeting in St. Giles’s parish, held in
1676, it is recorded that a meeting is appointed with the parishioners
in St. Andrew’s, Holborn, about the Bowling Green in Gray’s Inn Fields
and the houses near thereabouts built (F. Miller’s _St. Pancras_,
p. 77).
[66] Malcolm’s _Manners and Customs of London_ (1811), p. 209.
[67] Barras’s advertisement is quoted in Palmer’s _St. Pancras_,
p. 310.
[68] It was generally known as the Bowling Green House, but the sign of
the inn appears to have been the Three Tuns, for in a plan of the new
road from Paddington to Islington (_London Mag._ 1756), the place
is marked as the Three Tuns Ale House and the Three Tuns Bowling Green.
[69] Malcolm in _Gent. Mag._ 1813, pt. 2, pp. 427–429. The Bowling
Green House is marked in Horwood’s Plan C, 1799; in a map of 1806 in
Lambert’s _London_, vol. iv., and in Wallis’s plan of 1808.
[70] Walford, v. 304, cites a newspaper advertisement of September
1718, announcing that “there is a strange and wonderful fruit growing
at the Adam and Eve at Tottenham Court, called a Calabath, which is
five feet and a half round, where any person may see the same gratis.”
[71] Cunningham’s _Handbook of London_ (1850), “Tottenham Court
Road”; _see also_ Paxton’s _History of St. Giles’ Hospital and
Parish_ (cited in F. Miller’s _St. Pancras_, p. 161), where
similar fines for drinking at Tottenham Court are recorded for the year
1644.
[72] His first ascent was on 15 September, 1784. This was the first
ascent in England, but it may be noted that Mr. J. Tytler had made an
ascent from Edinburgh on 27 August, 1784.
[73] The _Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser_, Saturday, 14 May,
1785.
[74] See Horwood’s _Plan_, 1793.
[75] See Wallis’s _Plan_, 1808.
[76] Thus the grounds must at that time have covered the space now
occupied by Eden Street and Seaton (formerly Henry) Street.
[77] There may be some exaggeration in this description (based on
Wilkinson), for in the _Picture of London_, 1802, p. 370, the Adam
and Eve is enumerated among the tea-gardens frequented by the middle
classes, and is described as somewhat similar to the Jew’s Harp, with a
small organ in the room upstairs where tea, wine and punch are served.
[78] Walford, v. 305.
[79] Stow’s _Survey_, p. 7 (ed. Thoms).
[80] At a depth of four feet was a bottom of “lettice” work under which
the water was five feet deep.
[81] Watts’s building operations do not appear to have been completed
till about 1811 or later (cp. Hughson’s _London_, iv. (1811), p.
414).
[82] Peerless Pool is mentioned in _The Picture of London_, 1829
(p. 370), as one of the principal public baths of London. Cunningham,
_Handbook of London_, 1850, speaks of it as a then existing public
bath. Mr. Hyde Clark writing in _Notes and Queries_ (7th Series,
viii. 214, 215) for 14 September, 1889, says that “it continued to be
used as a bath until comparatively late years.” I am informed that
after the death of Joseph Watts, the Bath was carried on by his widow,
Mrs. Watts, and by the sons, Thomas Watts of the British Museum and his
brother. It seems to have been built over at some time between 1850 and
1860.
[83] The grounds originally extended on the north-east to a tavern
called The Fountain, which was frequented by tea-parties:--
And there they sit so pleasant and cool,
And see in and out the folks walk about,
And gentlemen angling in Peerless Pool.
(Lines in Hone, _loc. cit._). There is now a public house called
The Old Fountain at the east end of Baldwin Street. The Shepherd and
Shepherdess (_q.v._) was close by on the other side of the City
Road.
[84] Cp. Lewis’s _Islington_, p. 31, note 6, referring to August
1758.
[85] For the connexion of the Salvation Army with the Eagle, and for
some details as to the history of the Eagle tavern and gardens see
_The Times_ for 1882 (Palmer’s _Index_, under “Salvation
Army,” June to September). On the Eagle _see also_ Dickens,
_Sketches by Boz_ (Miss Evans and the Eagle); Hollingshead’s _My
Lifetime_, i. p. 25, ff.; Ritchie’s _Night-side of London_
(1858); Stuart and Park, _The Variety Stage_, p. 35, ff. &c.;
_Era Almanack_, 1869, p. 80; H. Barton Baker’s _The London
Stage_, ii. p. 254, ff.; and a view of the garden in Rogers’s
_Views of Pleasure Gardens of London_, p. 57.
[86] _The Post Man_, Oct. 3 to 6, 1702, has the advertisement “At
Milend the garden and house called _the Jews Spring Garden_ is to
be let. Enquire at Capt. Bendal’s at Milend” (_Notes and Queries_,
1st ser. ii. 463). Mr. Alexander Andrews (_ib._ 2nd ser. viii.
422) has shown that this Jews’ Spring Garden is in all probability to
be identified with the Spring Garden marked in a map of Stepney parish
of 1702.
[87] Rayner, Master of the Spring Garden at Stepney, died April 3,
1743, aged 70 (_London Daily Post_ for 6 April, 1743).