case _quoted_ from, 359-361.
Newbold, Prof. W. Romaine, case recorded by, 365;
_cited_, 307, 328 _and note_;
_quoted_, 103.
Newell, E. J., _quoted_, 364-365.
Newnham, Mr., case of, _cited_, 112 _note_.
----, Mrs., case of, 287-288, 295-296, 308.
----, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-989, 295-296.
_Nineteenth Century_, _cited_, 320 _note_.
Nordau, Dr. Max, _cited_, 56.
Normal--
Genius the best type of, 20, 57, 61-63.
Misuse of word, 61.
Normandie, Rev. C. Y., de, _quoted_, 440.
_Northern Standard_, _quoted_, 391.
_Notes of Séances with D. D. Home_, _cited_, 320 _note_.
_Observations de Médecine Pratique_, _cited_, 150 _note_, 157 _note_, 381.
Occult Wisdom, 339.
_On the so-called Divining Rod_, _cited_, 378.
Pain--
Dream memory of, 140.
Hypnotic suppression of, 138-141.
Memory of, 140-141.
Psychological entity, treated as, 140.
Sense of, distinguished from temperature sense in hysteria, 52.
Suggestion in removing, 140.
Painting, automatic, 273.
Palladia, apparitions of, 400-405.
Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, _quoted_, 271.
----, Dr. J. W., _quoted_, 272.
Parry, Mrs. Gambier, _quoted_, 421.
"Peak in Darien" cases, 233.
Pelham, George, control of, 235.
Pennée, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 244 _note_.
Percipient, definition of term, 9 _note_{3}.
Perception--
Distant, 201.
Power of, 149-150.
Personality--
Common-sense view of, 11, 13.
Co-ordination theory, 11-13, 26-27, 31.
Cosmic and planetary, simultaneous development of, 114-115, 165-166.
Dissociation of, 190-191, 196-197.
Dual, 356-359.
Hypnotic stratum of, 35, 37.
Knowledge, new, not evidenced in changes of, 310, 311.
Multiplex, 216.
Psychological view of, 11-12.
Secondary, _see_ Secondary personality.
Supraliminal life regarded as privileged case of, 169.
Upbuilding of, notion of, 32.
Perturbation masking evolution, 357.
Pesaro, experiments of, 301.
Pessimistic views of life, 348.
Pététin, _cited_, 150 _note_, 381.
Petrovo-Solovovo, Mr. M., case collected by, 416-417.
_Phædo_, _cited_, 213.
Phantasmogenetic centres, 177, 188, 196, 197.
Phantasms--
Discarnate spirits, of, _see_ Discarnate Spirits--Apparitions.
Living, of the, 193-198, 205-207, 209-210.
_Phantasms of the Dead from another point of view_, _cited_, 409 _note_.
_Phantasms of the Living_, _cited_, 5, 9, 96, 108, 112 _and note_, 113
_note_{1}, 160 _note_{1}, 174, 185 _and note_[1], 188, 195 _notes_, 199
_and note_, 200 _notes_, 206, 207 _notes_, 208, 209 _and notes_, 210
_note_{1}, 217 _note_{1}, 223 _and note_[2], 224 _and note_, 225, 226,
227 _and note_[1], 233, 234 _note_{2}, 236 _and note_, 237, 240, 241,
243, 272, 291;
_quoted_, 106-107, 205-206, 370-374, 384-385, 387-388, 392-396, 420, 430.
_Phême_, _cited_, 185.
_Philosophy of Mysticism_, _cited_, 43 _note_.
_Philosophy of the Unconscious_, _cited_, 71.
Pierce, A. H., _cited_, 14 _note_.
Piper, Mrs.--
Case of, 158, 189, 285, 297-300, 307, 309, 314,
315, 318, 319, 326-333, 337, 448.
"George Pelham" control of, _quoted_, 336.
Pitres, Dr., 124.
Planchette, _see_ Motor Automatism--Writing.
Plants, sensibility to presence of certain, 380.
Plato--
_Cited_, 137, 213, 217, _note_{2}, 282.
Love, conception of, 85, 86-89.
Pre-terrene training, theory as to, 91.
Plotinus, _quoted_, 352-355.
Plutarch, _cited_, 267 _note_{2}.
Podmore, Frank, _cited_, 9, 14 _note_, 174
_note_, 185 _note_{2}, 238, 244, 313 _note_{1}, 318, 409.
_Points de repère_, 181, 182.
Pole, W., _quoted_, 66.
Pole-Carew, Mrs., case attested by, 388-389.
Poltergeist phenomena, 246.
Possession--
Analogies for, 300-302, 307, 310-311.
Angelic, diabolical or hostile, no evidence for, 307-310.
Brain function in, 305.
Cases of, 446-451.
Chinese, 307, 309.
Definition of term, 274, 298, 300.
Demoniacal, 307-310, 359.
Ecstasy, merging into, 314-315.
Evidence for, 297-298.
Home, D. D., case of, 318-319.
Janet's treatment of, 361.
Memory in, 298-299.
Moses case, _see_ Moses.
Motor automatism contrasted with, 297.
Nature of, 300-303, 311.
Piper, Mrs., case of, _see_ Piper.
Place of, in psychical phenomena, 299-300.
Pseudo-, 51, 359-361.
Simulation of, in somnambulistic state, 157-158.
Spirit possession--
Difficulties of controlling spirit in, 335-337.
Home, D. D., case of, 319.
Piper, Mrs., case of, discussed, 330-333.
Subliminal self, as the domination of, 315-316, 318, 324, 325.
Two or more spirits, by, 298.
Potolof, W., case attested by, 405.
Prayer, relation of, to telepathy, 184.
Precognition--
Death, of, 232, 370.
Dreams, in, 107-112.
Telepathy from discarnate spirits, defined as, 187.
Prince, Dr. Morton, case of patient of, 49 _and note_[2], 308.
_Principles of Psychology_, _cited_, 48 _note_, 69 _note_{3}.
Prolongeau, case of, 66, 67.
Proust, Dr., case of patient of, 46-47.
Proximity of plants and animals, sensibility to, 380.
Prudhomme, M. Sully, _quoted_, 71.
Psychical invasion--
Cases of, 193-198, 337;
where agent has no memory of circumstance, 208;
where agent and percipient retain memory of, 199-200, 209;
where neither agent nor percipient retain memory of, 198-199.
Dreams, in, 105, 112.
Dying, by, 113.
Ecstasy in relation to, 314.
Evidence for, 302, 337-338.
Living persons, of, 112-113.
Telepathy almost indistinguishable from, 294.
Psychical Research, Christian evidence supported by, 352.
_Psychische Studien_, _cited_, 433.
_Psychological Review, The_, _quoted_, 329.
Psychology, advance in, during last twenty years, 279-280.
_Psychology of Suggestion_, _cited_, 47 _note_{2}.
Psychorrhagic diathesis, 196-197.
_Psycho-Thérapie_, _cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 139 _note_.
Psycho-therapeutics, development of, 5.
Pythagoras, 283.
_Quarterly Journal of Science_, _cited_, 320 _note_.
Quicherat, M., _cited_, 266, 267.
R., Mr. Van, of Utica, case of, 66, 67.
Ramsay, Mrs., apparition seen by, 394-395.
Raphael's San Sisto, inspiration of, 173.
Rarey, _cited_, 123.
Rawson, Henry G., _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.
_Recent Experiments in Crystal Vision_, _cited_, 180 _note_.
_Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme_, _cited_, 119 _note_.
_Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme_, _cited_, 157 _note_, 381.
_Record of a Haunted House_, _cited_, 421.
Red Light in hypnotism, 261.
Reddell, Frances, apparition seen by, 387-388.
Reed, Colonel, case of, _cited_, 200.
----, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228 _note_.
Regis, _cited_, 135 _note_{1}.
Reichenbach, Baron, 379.
Reid, _quoted_, 11.
Reincarnation, doctrine of, 282-285.
_Religio-Philosophical Journal_, _cited_, 51 _note_{3}, 370-371, 437 _note_.
Religion--
Ancient Sage, of, 349-50.
Buddha, of, 349, 352-353.
Christianity, 342, 346, 349-350.
Definition of, 85, 89, 347.
Ideals of, 347-348.
Natural, 349-350.
Old-world beliefs not adapted to modern needs, 342.
Oracular, development of, 346.
Science, complementary to, 25, 354;
scientific methods applied to truths of, 341.
Synthesis of, provisional sketch for, 347-355.
Renterghem, Dr. van, hypnotic cures by, 117;
_cited_, 133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}, 139 _note_.
_Report of the International Congress of Experimental
Psychology_, _cited_, 170 note.
_Report on Spiritualism of the Committee of the London
Dialectical Society_, _cited_, 319 _note_.
_Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism_, _cited_, 320 _note_.
_Retrocognition and Precognition_, _cited_, 245 _note_.
Retté, M., _cited_, 71.
Revelation, telepathy a means for continuous, 350.
_Rêves, Les_, _cited_, 98, 101 _note_{2}.
_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, _cited_, 46 _note_, 52 _note_, 101 _note_{1},
133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _notes_[1] _and_ [2], 136 _note,_ 137
_note_{1}, 139, 140 _note_{1}, 142 _note_, 146 _note_, 147 _note_, 153
_note_{1}, 155 _note_, 170 _note_, 272 _note_, 382.
_Revue de Médecine_, _cited_, 101 _note_{3}.
_Revue Philosophique_, _cited_, 64 _note_, 139 _note_{1}, 143 _note_{2},
150 _note_, 152 _note_{2}, 308 _note_{2}, 382, 430.
_Revue Scientifique_, _quoted_, 365 _and note_.
Reynolds, Mary, case of, 48-49.
Ribot, Mr., _quoted_, 11-12, 71-72.
Richet, Prof., work of, 121;
table-tilting experiments of, 430;
_cited_, 185 _note_{1}, 263, 287, 446;
_quoted_, 448.
Ringier, Georg, _cited_, 133 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.
_Riverine Herald_, _cited_, 111.
Romances, inward, 279.
Rose-asthma, 380.
Rossi-Pagnoni, Prof., experiments by, 290.
Royce, Prof., _cited_, 69 _and note_[1];
case attested by, 405-406.
Rybalkin, Dr. J., _cited_, 146 _note_.
Safford, Prof., case of, 66-67.
S. Augustine, _cited_, 184.
S. Brieux, Bishop of, vision of, 244-245.
S. Ilma, case of, _cited_, 146 _note_.
Saint-Saens, _cited_, 71.
S. Theresa, 5-6.
Salpêtrière School of Hypnotism, 121, 123, 132 _note_, 147 _note_, 308, 381.
Sand, George, method of work of, 82.
Sanders, Rev. C. B. (X + Y = Z), case of, 316 _and note_.
"Scheme of Vital Faculty," 313-314.
Schiller, Mr., case of, 278-279.
Schmoll, Herr Anton, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.
Schneller, Fräulein, case communicated by, 375-376.
Schrenck-Notzing, _cited_, 133 _note_, 185 _note_{1}.
Science--
Methods of, applied to psychology, 1-3.
Religion, complementary to, 25, 354.
Scripture, Dr., _cited_, 64 _note_, 65;
_quoted_, 67.
Searle, Mr., case of, 207.
Secondary personality--
Defective integration of psychical being, cases due to, 45-48.
Diabolical possession a phase of, 308.
Emotionally selected, 44.
Fictitious, 48.
Improvement on primary, 48-49, 51.
Memory of, lost to primary, 46, 47;
recovered under hypnotism, 46-48.
Motor automatisms by, 295.
Possession, possible confusion with, 307.
_Post-epileptic states_, 45-46.
Primary superseded by, 48-49, 51.
Somnambulic, 45, 156-157.
Stevenson, R. L., case of, 356-359.
X., Félida, case of, 361-363.
"Seeress of Prevorst," _cited_, 317 _note_{2}.
Self-projection, 210-211.
Self-suggestion--
Automatisms, range of, increased by, 152.
Charms as means to, efficacy of, 164.
Pain suppressed by, 140.
Schemes of, 127-128.
Stigmatisation due to, 146 _and notes_.
Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129.
Witchcraft explained as, 5.
_Sensation et Mouvement_, _cited_, 261 _note_.
Sense Organs--
Perceptive power independent of, 149-150.
Specialised, 169-171.
Transposition of faculties of, 149-150.
Sensibility--
Drugs, to, 122-123.
Magnets, to, 379.
Synæsthesiæ of, 170 _and notes_, 171.
Transition from undifferentiated, to specialisation of sense, 170-171.
Sensitives, spirit perception of, 335.
Sensory automatism--
Causes predisposing to, in healthy persons, 174-175.
Genius and hypnotism, relation to, 80-81.
Hallucinations, _see that title_.
Motor automatism: connected with, 268;
compared with, 274.
Nature of, 20-21.
Scope of term, 168.
Telepathy the prerequisite for, 183.
Sewall, Frank, _cited_, 317 _note_{1}.
Shell-hearing, 201.
Shock, effects of, on human beings and animals, 123.
Sidgwick, Mrs., experiments of, 131;
case attested by, 387;
_cited_, 161, 162 _note_{2}, 174 _note_, 185 _note_{1}, 246 _note_;
_quoted_, 111, 247 _and note_-250 _and note_.
Sidgwick, Professor, case of, _cited_, 277 _note_;
case investigated by, 411;
_cited_, 9 _note_{1}, 108, 162 _note_{2}, 174 _note_, 185 _note_{1};
_quoted_, 111.
Sidis, Dr. Boris, 47 _and note_[2].
Skae, Dr. David, case of patient of, 48.
Skirving, Mr., case of, 272.
Sleep--
Characteristics of, 93-94, 113-114.
Clairvoyant excursions during, 301.
Cosmic personality developed during, 114-115.
Definition of, 20.
Ecstasy, connection with, 116.
Faculties of, analogy between those of Genius and, 104.
Hyperæsthesia of, 97.
Hypnotism in relation to, 72, 121-122, 131.
Imagination, intense, during, 97.
Psychical excursion during, 302.
Recuperative powers of, 94-95, 97, 113.
Rocking, induced by, 126.
Somnambulism, relation to, 95.
Spiritual functions of subliminal self during, 156.
Subliminal self directing, 116.
Submerged faculty, indicating existence of, 53.
Telepathy and telæsthesia in, 105, 114, 116.
Smell, subliminal sense of, 271.
Smith, G. M., _cited_, 287 _and note_[1].
----, H. Babington, _cited_, 291.
----, H. Arthur, cases of, 277 _and note_--278.
----, Mlle. Hélène--
Case of, discussed, 280-286; _cited_, 324.
Martian landscapes of, 265 _note_{1}
----, J. W., _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.
Smyth, Sibbie (née Towns), apparition seen by, 242.
Snow, Herman, _cited_, 437 _note_.
_Société de Psychologie Physiologique_, paper presented to, _cited_, 382.
Society for Psychical Research--
Address of Secretary, 293 _note_.
American, _Proceedings of_, case from, 226 _note_, _cited_, 51
_note_{2}, 69 _note_{1}, 102 _note_, 243 _note_{1}, 244 _note_,
246 _note_, 295 _note_, 405.
Census of Hallucinations undertaken by, 174 _and note_;
Report of, _see under_ Hallucinations.
Founding of, 9 _note_{1}.
Journal of--
Cases _quoted_ from, 385-386, 445, 449-451.
_Cited_, 51 _note_{3}, 102 _note_, 106 _note_, 107 _note_, 112
_note_, 113 _note_{2} 140 _note_{2}, 146 _note_, 151 _note_, 157
_note_, 185 _note_{2}, 188 _note_, 207 _note_{2}, 209 _and note_[1],
210 _note_{1}, 237, 238, 241 _notes_, 272, 285 _note_, 287 _note_{1}, 290
_note_, 320 _note_, 395, 409, 416 _note_.
Object of, 313.
_Proceedings of_, _cited_, 35 _and note_, 45 _note_{3}, 49 _notes_[2]
_and_[3], 51 _note_{1}, 69 _note_{2}, 103 _note_, 106 _note_, 112
_note_, 120 _note_{2}, 124 _note_, 126 _note_, 128, 139 _note_, 141
_note_{2}, 142 _note_, 147 _note_, 148 _and note_, 152 _note_{1}, 155
_note_, 160 _note_{2}, 162 _notes_, 163 _note_{1}, 165 _note_, 173
_note_, 180 _note_, 181, 185 _note_{1}, 187, 192 _note_, 193, 195
_note_{2}, 209 _note_{2}, 210 _note_{1}, 215, 221 _notes_[1] _and_[2],
226, 231, 232 _and_ _note_{1}, 233, 234 _notes_[1] _and_[2], 236 _and
note_, 237, 238, 239 _and note_, 241, 243 _and note_[2], 244, 245
_note_, 247 _and note_[1], 259 _and note_, 260, 263 _note_, 266
_note_{1}, 271 _notes_, 277 _and note_, 278 _and note_, 279, 285 _and
note_, 287 _note_{2}, 288 _note_{1}, 289 _notes_, 290 _and note_, 292,
297, 301, 317 _note_{3}, 318, 320 _note_, 321, 324, 328 _note_, 329,
330, 332, 333 _and note_, 356, 378, 380, 382, 400, 409 _note_, 430;
_quoted_, 177, 270, 271, 287, 327-328, 330-333, 364-366, 369-370,
375-376, 390-391, 405, 410, 412, 416, 418-420, 421, 433-437, 446-449.
Test letters to be sent to, suggestions regarding, 293 _note_.
Socrates--
Dæmon of, 265-268.
Science originated by, 6.
Solon, _quoted_, 117 _note_.
Solovovo, Michael Petrovo, _quoted_, 420.
Somnambulism--
Analogy from, for ghostly communications, 217-218.
Characteristics of state of, 44.
Hypnosis in relation to, 137, 156.
Intellectual work done in state of, 156-157.
Possession, parallelism with, 311.
Secondary personality starting from, 44, 45.
Sleep, relation to, 95.
Spontaneous, 156.
Supernormal powers evidenced in, 157
Space--
Phantasmogenetic centre, modification of part into, 195, 197.
Spirit attitude towards, 176.
Spiritual phenomena in relation to, 22.
Telepathy, relation to, 22.
Speech, phantasmal, 241.
Speer, Dr., _cited_, 24.
Spirit--
Conception of, 59.
Existence of, postulated, 27, 91-92.
Spirit drawings, 78-79.
_Spirit Drawings_, _cited_, 79 _note_, 265 _note_{1}.
Spirit guardianship, case of, 271-272.
Spirit healing, 164.
Spirit intervention, telepathy explained by theory of, 16-17.
Spirit possession, _see_ Possession.
Spirit rapping, 262-264.
_Spirit Teachings_, _cited_, 321, 323.
Spiritual environment, 165-166.
---- evolution, 340-346.
Spiritualism--
Fraud in connection with, 313, 329.
Home, D. D., case of, _see_ Home.
Methods of, 8.
Moses, W. S., case of, _see_ Moses.
Physical phenomena of, 313-314.
Pioneer work in, 4 _et seq._
Piper, Mrs., case of, _see_ Piper.
Support of, by subliminal-self theory, 16-17.
Stage-fright cured by hypnotism, 152.
_Statuvolism, or Artificial Somnambulism_, _cited_, 121, 163 _note_{1};
_quoted_, 381.
Stevenson, R. L.--
Dreams of, 72-73, 82-83, 97.
Dual personality experiences of, 356-359.
Genius of, 356.
Stigmatisation, 146 _and notes_.
Stone Age, 104, 299.
Storie, Mrs., case of, 108-112, 228-229, 235, 237.
Stramm, Mdlle., automatic message written by, 291-292.
Stubbing, Mrs. Annie S., _quoted_, 373.
_Studien über Hysterie_, _cited_, 41 _and note_[1].
_Study of Fears_, _cited_, 33 _and note_.
Sturgis, Dr. Russell, _cited_, 33 _note_.
_Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes et les
Ecrivains, Les_, _cited_, 71 _and note_.
Subliminal, definition of term, 15.
Subliminal power--
Functioning of, referred to control centres, 57-60.
Potential, in every organism, 63.
Subliminal self--
Control of organism by, 151, 157.
Cognisance of fragment of, 15.
Definition of term, 15.
Dominance of, over supraliminal self, 315.
Functions of, 37.
Imaginative faculty of, 147-149.
Methods of communication with supraliminal self, 20-21.
Nerve cells controlled by, 34.
Powers of, compared with supraliminal, 277-278.
Suggestion in relation to, 129.
Surviving self, related to, 168.
Telepathy explained by theory of, 16, 17.
_Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration_, _cited_, 14 _note_.
Substitution of ideas, 361.
Suggestion--
Attention, effect on, 153.
Character, influence on, 154-155.
Cures effected by, 34.
Delirium tremens, suggestibility developed during recovery from, 123, 135.
Dynamogenic effect of, on attention and character, 151-155.
Post-hypnotic, 260-261.
Responsiveness to, requisite, 122-123.
Subliminal self, defined as appeal to, 129.
Will-power, influence on, 153-154.
_Suggestion Mentale, La_, _cited_, 263 _note_.
_Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des
Geschlechissinnes, Die_, _cited_, 133 _note_.
Suicide--
Greek view of, 344.
Phantasms in connection with, 200.
Supernormal, definition of term, 6 _note_{1}.
Survival--
Continuity, theory as to, 333-334.
Evidence for, 9-10; nature of, 213.
Scientific method not applied to problem of, 3.
Telepathy the security of, 344.
Tests of, 292-293 _and note_.
Swedenborg, Emmanuel--
Case of, 299.
Debt of posterity to, 339.
Evidential cases of, 316.
Experiential and dogmatic writings of, 317.
Psychical science originated by, 6-7, 9.
Teachings of, corroborative of recent investigations, 317.
Symbolism, subliminal tendency to, 202-203.
Synæsthesia, 170 _and notes_--171.
Synthetic Society, papers read before, 350 _note_.
Syringomyelitis, anæsthesia of, 37.
T., case of, 382.
--, Mrs., case of, 373-375. _cited_, 234.
--, Mr. and Mrs., case of, _cited_, 112-113.
Table-tilting, 262-264, 400-401, 430-433, 438.
Tactile sensibility, hyperæsthesia of, 271.
Taine, M., _cited_, 98 _and note_[2].
Taunton, Mrs., case of, 207 _and note_[1].
Teale Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228.
Telæsthesia--
Cases of, 289-290.
Crystal gazing or shell hearing, in, 201.
Definition of term, 6 _note_{1}, 90, 105.
Dreams in, 104-112, 114, 366-375.
Genius, relation to, 84-85.
Hyperæsthesia in relation to, 201, 202.
Hypotheses explaining, 16.
Parsons, Dr. D. J., case of, 271-272.
Psychical invasion in relation to, 177, 199-205.
Telepathy, relation to, 187.
Telekinesis, 313-314. 326;
case of W. S. Moses, 320-322.
Telepathy--
Animals, between, 188 _note_.
Brain vibrations in, theory of, 304.
Collective cases, 187, 198-199.
Conception of, 303-306.
Crystal-vision, gift of, accompanied by sensibility to, 181-182.
Definition of, 90, 105.
Discarnate spirits, relation to, 187, 350.
Distance, from, 160, 185.
Evidence for, 183-189, 191.
Evolutive nature of, 256 _and notes_.
Experiments to prove, 185 _and notes_-186.
Genius, relation to, 84-85.
Ghostly communications in relation to, 216-217.
Hypnosis induced by, 160, 162 _and note_[2], 382-383.
Hypotheses explaining, 16-17.
Inadequacy of term, 105.
Language difficulties in, 285.
Latency of impacts, 223-224, 228, 291.
Law, fundamental, of spiritual world, as, 31.
Newnham, Rev. P. H., case of, 287-289.
Prayer in relation to, 184.
Precognitive, 187, 189.
Prerequisite for supernormal phenomena, as the, 183.
Psychical invasion indistinguishable from, in motor automatism, 294.
Savages, among, 256 _note_{1}.
Sleep, relation to, 116.
Spiritual excursion in relation to, 177.
Split personality in relation to, 190-191.
Subliminal selves, between, during sleep, 315.
Survival, the security for, 9, 344.
Table-tilting, by, 430-433, 438.
Telæsthesia in relation to, 187.
Three main types of communications in, 219-220.
Time relations in, 187.
Vibration theory of, 186-187.
Temperature sense distinguished from pain sense, 52.
Tennyson, _cited_, 184.
Teste, _cited_, 381.
Thaw, Dr. A. Blair, _cited_, 185 _note_{1}.
Theology, reason for avoiding, 10.
_Thérapeutique Suggestive_, _cited_, 123 _note_, 142 _note_, 143 _note_{1}.
Thorpe, Mr. Courtenay, 206.
Thought-transference, _see_ Telepathy.
Thoulet, Professor, case of, 315, 446-448.
Time--
Spiritual phenomena, in relation to, 22-23, 251.
Subliminal mentation, in relation to, 68-69.
Telepathy, in relation to, 187.
Tissié, Dr., _cited_, 98;
case of patient of, 101.
Trance (_see also_ Home--Moses--Piper)--
Messages, generic similarity of, in different individuals, 276 _note_.
Three main types of, 315.
Transposition of senses, 149.
Tuckey, Lloyd, _cited_, 135 _note_.
Twins, telepathic communications between, 108-109.
Unity, central, in multicellular organisms, 30-31.
_Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree_, _cited_, 33 _note_.
V., Mrs., vision of, 232.
Vaso-motor system, dynamogenic hypnotic effects on, 145-146.
Vennum, Miss Mary Lurancy, case of, 51.
Verity, A. S., case attested by, 397, 398.
----, L. S. and E. C., apparition appearing to, 396-399.
Verrall, Mrs., 181.
Virgil, _cited_, 96 _and note_, 282.
Vision--
After-images, 171, 179.
Defects of, removed by suggestion, 142-143.
Entoptic, 171.
Evolution of, 169-173.
Imagination images, 172-173.
Inward, 171-174;
control of, 178;
veridical, 175-177.
Memory-images, 172, 179.
Non-optical, in dreams, 169-170.
Ocular, a privileged case of general vision, 173, 175.
Subliminal mentation in relation to, 69 _and note_-70.
Vital faculty, scheme of, 441 _et seq._
Vivé, Louis, case of, 49 _and note_[1], 146 _note_, 379.
Vlavianos, Dr., _cited_, 134 _note_, 135 _note_{2}.
Voisin, Dr. Auguste, _cited_, 49 _note_{1}, 101 _and note_,
133 _note_, 134 _note_, 135 _notes_[1] _and_ [2], 136 _note_, 155 _note_;
_quoted_, 381-382.
Voltaire, genius of, 60.
W., Miss, case of, _cited_, 233.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, _cited_, 7 _and note_, 16.
Warburton, Canon, dream of, 106-107, 208.
Water--
Mesmerised, experiments with, 380.
Running, finding of, 378.
Wendell, Prof. Barrett, _cited_, 318.
Wesermann, experiments of, 409.
Wesley, John, 7 _note_{1}.
Wetterstrand, Otto, _cited_, 93, 135 _note_{2}, 136 _note_.
Whately, Archbishop, case of, 66-67.
Wheatcroft, Mrs., case of, _cited_, 228.
Wilkie, J. E., dream of, 315, 450-451.
Wilkinson, W. M., _cited_, 79 _note_, 265 _note_{1}.
Will power--
Hypnotic influence on, 153-154.
Self-projection by means of, 210-211, 396-399.
Wilmot, Mrs., case of, 177.
Wilson, Archdeacon, case of, 228.
----, Dr. Albert, case of patient of, 49 _note_{3}.
Wingfield, Dr. Hugh, _quoted_, 128.
Winsor, Miss Anna, case of, 51 _and note_[2], 295 _note_.
Witchcraft, 4-5.
Witches, anæsthetic patches on, 124.
Wittman, 130.
Wordsworth, _cited_, 81, 84 _note_, 92.
World-soul, 355 _note_.
Wyman, W. H., case of, _quoted_, 270.
X., Emile, case of, 46-47.
--, Félida, case of, 44, 48, 50-51, 307, 361-363.
"X + Y = Z," case of, 316 _and note_.
_X + Y = Z_ or _The Sleeping Preacher of North Alabama_, _cited_, 316 _note_.
Z., Alma, case of, 50-51.
_Zeitschrift für Hypnotismus_, _passim_, _cited_, 120 _note_{1}.
_Zoist, the_, _cited_, 123 _note_, 139 _note_{1}, 159,
161, 162 _note_, 163 _note_{2}, 177 _note_, 380, 381.
Zones, anæsthetic, occurrence of, in witchcraft, 124.
_Zones analgésique_ in witches, 5.
* * * * *
The following typographical errors were corrected by the etext
transcriber:
and of communciation with=>and of communication with
His field of consciousness is so far=> His field of typo consciousness
is so far
physiolgical explanations=>physiological explanations
choreic or fidgetty shiftings of motor impulse=>choreic or fidgety
shiftings of motor impulse
these types of subacent vision=>these types of subjacent vision
will sometimes express themseves=>will sometimes express themselves
Bibliotèque Diabolique=>Bibliothèque Diabolique
omniscent benevolence=>omniscient benevolence
childhood dissappeared=>childhood disappeared
ot January and February 1885=>of January and February 1885
committed siucide by drowning himself in the lake=>committed suicide by
drowning himself in the lake
temps aprés leur arrivée=>temps après leur arrivée
soon as he told ns.=>soon as he told us.
not finding the pad of paper on my kneee=>not finding the pad of paper
on my knees
Telepathy almost intistinguishable=>Telepathy almost indistinguishable
ou il préparait le samovar=>où il préparait le samovar
cabinet ou nous ne trouvâmes personne=>cabinet où nous ne trouvâmes
personne
séparée ou j'étais tout seul=>séparée où j'étais tout seul
* * * * *
FOOTNOTES:
[1] See glossary.
[2] I have ventured to coin the word "supernormal" to be applied to
phenomena which are _beyond what usually happens_--_beyond_, that is, in
the sense of suggesting unknown psychical laws. It is thus formed on the
analogy of _abnormal_. When we speak of an abnormal phenomenon we do not
mean one which _contravenes_ natural laws, but one which exhibits them
in an unusual or inexplicable form. Similarly by a supernormal
phenomenon I mean, not one which _overrides_ natural laws, for I believe
no such phenomenon to exist, but one which exhibits the action of laws
higher, in a psychical aspect, than are discerned in action in everyday
life. By _higher_ (either in a psychical or physiological sense) I mean
"apparently belonging to a more advanced stage of evolution."
[3] Other _savants_ of eminence--the great name of Alfred Russel Wallace
will occur to all--had also satisfied themselves of the reality of these
strange phenomena; but they had not tested or demonstrated that reality
with equal care. I am not able in this brief sketch to allude to
distinguished men of earlier date--Richard Glanvil, John Wesley, Samuel
Johnson, etc., who discerned the importance of phenomena which they had
no adequate means of investigating.
[4] The Society for Psychical Research was founded in 1882, Professor W.
F. Barrett taking a leading part in its promotion. Henry Sidgwick was
its first President, and Edmund Gurney was its first Honorary
Secretary--he and I being joint Honorary Secretaries of its Literary
Committee, whose business was the collection of evidence.
[5] See, for instance, _Proceedings_ of the Society for Psychical
Research (henceforth in this book referred to as the S.P.R.), vol. iv.
p. 256, Jan. 1887.
[6] See, however, an article in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 317
to 325, entitled "Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration," by Mr. A.
H. Pierce, of Harvard University, with a reply by Mr. F. Podmore.
[7] The difficulty of conceiving any cellular focus, either fixed or
shifting, has actually led some psychologists to demand a unifying
principle which is not cellular, and yet is not a soul.
[8] Stanley Hall's "Study of Fears," _American Journal of Psychology_,
vol. viii., No. 2, January, 1897. See also "The Use of Hypnotism in the
First Degree," by Dr. Russell Sturgis (Boston, 1894).
[9] For instances of such cures see Drs. Raymond and Janet's _Névroses
et Idées fixes_.
[10] See vol. vii. p. 309.
[11] See "Studien über Hysterie" (Leipsic, 1895), by Drs. Breuer and
Freud. An account of two of these cases is given in the original
edition. Vol. i. pp. 51-6.
[12] On this subject see Du Prel, _Philosophy of Mysticism_, Eng.
trans., vol. i., passim.
[13] An old case of Dr. Dyce's (see _The Zoist_, vol. iv. p. 158) forms
a simple example of this type. Dr. Mesnet's case (_De l'Automatisme de
la Mémoire_, _etc._ Par le Dr. Ernest Mesnet, Paris, 1874, p. 18, seq.)
should also be referred to here. In these instances the secondary state
is manifestly a degeneration of the primary state, even when certain
traces of supernormal faculty are discernible in the narrowed psychical
field.
[14] See _The Zoist_, vol. iv. pp. 172-79, for a case showing the
inevitable accomplishment of a post-epileptic crime in such a way as to
bring out its analogy with the inevitable working out of a post-hypnotic
suggestion.
[15] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 221-258 [225 A].
[16] See _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, March 1890, p. 267 [226 A].
[17] See the _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_ for January 1892 [226 B].
[18] For full details of this, see Dr. Boris Sidis's work, _The
Psychology of Suggestion: a Research into the Subconscious Nature of Man
and Society_ (New York, 1898), and _Multiple Personality_ by Drs. Boris
Sidis and S. P. Goodhart. London, 1905.
[19] Zoist vol. iv. p. 185 [229 A].
[20] See Professor W. James's _Principles of Psychology_, vol. I. pp.
381-84 [232 A].
[21] For Dr. Camuset's account see _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_,
1882, p. 75; for Dr. Voisin's, _Archives de Neurologie_, September 1885.
The observations at Rochefort have been carefully recorded by Dr.
Berjon, _La Grande Hystérie chez l'Homme_, Paris, 1886, and by Drs.
Bourru and Burot in a treatise, _De la suggestion mentale_, &c. (_Bibl.
scientifique contemporaine_), Paris, 1887 [233 A].
[22] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xv. pp. 466-483 [234 A] and the more
complete account given in Dr. Morton Prince's _Dissociation of a
Personality_. New York and London, 1906.
[23] Besides the cases mentioned above see a remarkable recent case
recorded by Dr. Bramwell in _Brain_, Summer Number, 1900, on the
authority of Dr. Albert Wilson, of Leytonstone. Dr. Wilson has given a
detailed account of his patient, Mary Barnes, in _Proceedings_ S.P.R.,
vol. xviii. pp. 352-416, where a full discussion of the case will also
be found. Mary Barnes developed sixteen different personalities with
distinct memories and different characteristics.
[24] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xiv. 396-398 [236 A].
[25] _Proceedings of American_ S.P.R., vol. i. p. 552 [237 A].
[26] For a detailed record of this case see the _Religio-Philosophical
Journal_ for 1879. An abridgment is given in [238 A]. See also _Journal_
S.P.R., vol. x. p. 99.
[27] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1889.
[28] Professor Scripture in the _American Journal of Psychology_, vol.
iv., No. 1, April 1891; Professor Binet in the _Revue Philosophique_,
1895. Professor Binet's article deals largely with Jacques Inaudi, the
most recent prodigy, who appears to differ from the rest in that his
gift is auditile rather than visual. His gift was first observed in
childhood. His general intelligence is below the average. Another recent
prodigy, Diamanti, seems, on the other hand, to be in other ways
quick-witted.
[29] Scripture, _op. cit._, p. 54.
[30] _Proceedings_ of American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 360.
[31] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 337 [§ 311].
[32] On this point see Professor James's _Principles of Psychology_,
vol. ii. p. 84, note. Goethe's well-known phantasmal flower was clearly
no mere representation of retinal structure. A near analogy to these
patterns lies in the so-called "spirit-drawings," or automatic
arabesques, discussed elsewhere in this chapter.
[33] See Professor Ladd's paper on this subject in _Mind_, April 1892.
[34] "Le Subconscient chez les Artistes, les Savantes, et les
Ecrivains," par le Dr. Paul Chabaneix, Paris, 1897.
[35] Instances of this form of automatism are described in a book called
_Spirit Drawings: a Personal Narrative_, by W. M. Wilkinson, some
account of which is given in Appendix 811 A (Vol. II.) of the unabridged
edition.
[36] _L'Année Psychologique_, i. 1894, p. 124, F. de Curel, par A. Binet
[§ 330].
[37] In Wordsworth's _Prelude_ we find introspective passages of extreme
psychological interest as being deliberate attempts to tell the truth
about exactly those emotions and intuitions which differentiate the poet
from common men.
[38] In the passage which follows some use has been made of Jowett's
translation. It is noticeable that this utterance, unsurpassed among the
utterances of antiquity, has been placed by Plato in the mouth of a
woman--the prophetess Diotima--with the express intention, as I think,
of generalising it, and of raising it above the region of sexual
passion. There is nothing else in antiquity resembling the position thus
ascribed to Diotima in reference to Socrates,--the woman being
represented as capable of raising the highest and of illumining the
wisest soul.
[39] _Iliad_, xxii. 199; _Æneid_, xii. 908.
[40] See Dr. Féré in _Brain_ for January 1887.
[41] _De l'Intelligence_, vol. i. p. 119.
[42] _Archives de Médecine_, vol. i. 1876, p. 554.
[43] _An Experimental Study in Hypnotism_, by Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing,
translated by Dr. C. G. Chaddock, p. 91.
[44] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1891, p. 302.
[45] _Les Rêves_, p. 135. This remarkable patient afforded examples of
many forms of communication of memory between different states of
personality. See pp. 192-200 for a conspectus of these complex
recollections.
[46] _Revue de Médecine_, February 1892. A full account and discussion
of the same case is contained in Dr. P. Janet's _Névroses et Idées
fixes_, vol. i. pp. 116 _et seq._ [§413].
[47] See also _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 142 (October 1889), and
_Proceedings_ of the American S.P.R., vol. i. No. 4, p. 363 [415 A and
B].
[48] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 507.
[49] Cædmon's poem was traditionally said to have come to him in like
fashion.
[50] The reader will find many similar cases in the _Journal_ and
_Proceedings_ of the S.P.R. Several are quoted in Appendices to Section
421 in the unabridged edition.
[51] The case of Mr. Boyle, investigated by Edmund Gurney and printed in
S.P.R. _Journal_, vol. iii. pp. 265, 266 [§423], is interesting in this
connection. In this case the vision, which recurred twice, was of a
simple kind, and might be interpreted as an impression transferred from
the mind of one waking to the mind of one asleep.
Again, the single dream which a man has noted down in all his life
stands evidentially in almost as good a position as a single waking
hallucination. For cases of this kind see _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p.
267 [§424]; _ibid._ vol. v. p. 61 [424 A]; _ibid._ vol. v. p. 252 [424
C]; and _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 443 [424 B].
[52] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 105 [428 A].
[53] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 154 [428 D].
The cases of Mrs. Manning (_Journal_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 100 [428 B])
and Mr. Newnham (_Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 225 [428 C]) are
somewhat similar. See also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 444 [428 E]
and _Journal_ S.P.R., vol viii. p. 128 [428 F].
[54] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 365; _ibid._, p. 453 [429 A
and B].
[55] See, for example, _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 123 [429 F].
[56] Long ago Solon had said, apparently of mesmeric cure--
[Greek: Ton de kakais nousoisi kykômenon argaleais te
aphamenos cheiroin aipha tithês hygiê.]
[57] _Recherches Physiologiques sur l'Homme_ (Paris, 1811); _Mémoires
pour servir à l'Histoire et à l'Establissement du Magnétisme Animal_;
_Du Magnétisme Animal considéré dans ses Rapports avec diverses branches
de la Physique Générale_; etc.
[58] See Nasse's _Zeitschrift für Hypnoitsmus_, _passim_.
[59] This later work of Braid's has been generally overlooked, and his
theories were stated again as new discoveries by recent observers who
ignored what he had already accomplished. See Dr. Bramwell's paper on
"James Braid, his Work and Writings," in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii.
pp. 127-166. This contains a complete list of Braid's writings, and
references to his work by other writers. See also the references to
Braid's work and theories in Dr. Bramwell's _Hypnotism_.
[60] See also the _Zoist_ (Vol. viii. pp. 156, 297-299) for cases of
mesmerisation of animals. In his _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, 1891 (pp.
246-68), Dr. Liébeault gives an account of his experiments with infants
[513 B and C].
[61] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the subject. (_Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 213) [513 A].
[62] This view unfortunately dominates Professor M'Kendrick's article on
"Hypnotism" in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.
[63] See Dr. Bramwell's discussion of the inadequacy of this explanation
in his article "What is Hypnotism?" in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii.
p. 224, also in his book on _Hypnotism_ pp. 337-8.
[64] See Dr. Bramwell's _Hypnotism_, p. 274.
[65] I am inclined to think that this is always the case. For a long
time the lethargic state was supposed at the Salpêtrière to preclude all
knowledge of what was going on; and I have heard Charcot speak before a
deeply-entranced subject as if there were no danger of her gathering
hints as to what he expected her to do. I believe that his patients did
subliminally receive such hints, and work them out in their own hypnotic
behaviour. On the other hand, I have heard the late Dr. Auguste Voisin,
one of the most persistent and successful of hypnotisers, make
suggestion after suggestion to a subject apparently almost
comatose,--which suggestions, nevertheless, she obeyed as soon as she
awoke.
[66] According to Dr. Edgar Bérillon, who was the first systematically
to apply the hypnotic method to the education of children (see his
paper, "De la Suggestion envisagée au point de vue pédagogique" in the
_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. i. (1887), p. 84), the percentage of those
who can be hypnotised is more than 80, and he asserts that
suggestibility varies directly as the intellectual development of the
subject. He classes under four heads the affections which can be
successfully treated by hypnotic suggestion. (See the _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, July 1895.)
(1) Psychical derangements caused by acute diseases; in particular,
insomnia, restlessness, nocturnal delirium, incontrollable vomiting,
incontinence of urine and of fæces.
(2) Functional affections connected with nervous disease: chorea, tics,
convulsions, anæsthesiæ, contractures and hysterical paresis, hysterical
hiccough, blepharospasm.
(3) Psychical derangements, such as habit of biting nails, precocious
impulsive tendencies, nocturnal terrors, speaking in sleep, kleptomania,
nervousness, shyness.
(4) Chorea, hysteria, epilepsy, or mental derangements considered as
resulting from the combination of several nervous diseases.
Scattered about in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_ the reader will find
numerous illustrative cases. Specially characteristic are those recorded
in the number for July 1893, p. 11, and April 1895, p. 306.
For reports of hypnotic cure of onychophagy, see Bérillon, the articles
already quoted; Bourdon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1895, p. 134;
Bouffé, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1898, p. 76.
For reports of hypnotic cure of even graver habits, see Van Renterghem
and Van Eeden, _Psycho-Thérapie_, p. 250; Bernheim, _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, December 1891, a case in which the habit had become quite
automatic and irresistible, and where every other method of treatment
had failed; also _De la Suggestion_; Schrenck-Notzing, _Die
Suggestions-Therapie bei krankhaften Erscheinungen des
Geschlechtssinnes_; Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, July 1893, pp.
12, 14, 15; Bourdon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1895, pp. 136,
139, 140; Auguste Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1887, p.
151.
For cures of _enuresis nocturna_, see Liébeault, _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, September 1886, p. 71; Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_,
June 1894, p. 359; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_; Paul
Farez, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, August 1899, p. 53. This author
recommends the method of suggestion in normal sleep.
Liébeault, in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_ for January 1889, gives
twenty-two cases in which hypnotic suggestion was used in the moral
education of children from the age of fourteen months upwards, with the
aim of curing, _e.g._ the habit of lying, excessive developments of
emotions, such as fear and anger, and precocious or depraved appetites;
and of improving the normal faculties of attention and memory. He
reports ten cures, eight improvements, and four failures.
For other cases of moral education, see Bérillon, _De la suggestion et
de ses applications à la pédagogie_ (1887); _L'Hypnotisme et
l'Orthopédie morale_ (1898); _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1887, pp.
169-180, and December 1897, p. 162; Bernheim, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_,
November 1886, p. 129; Ladame, the same, June and July 1887; Voisin, the
same, November 1888; De Jong, the same, September 1891; Bourdon, the
same, August 1896; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden, _Psycho-thérapie_, p.
215. Nervous troubles in adults have often been cured by the same means.
Thus, in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1899, p. 73, Dr.
Vlavianos records a case of _tic convulsif_ cured by hypnotic
suggestion. Wetterstrand has used the same method with success (_loc.
cit._, p. 76). See also Janet, _Névroses et Idées Fixes_, vol. ii., part
ii., chapter iii., "Les. Tics."
[67] See Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, September 1890, p. 75, and
February 1896, p. 237; Regis, the same, May 1896; De Jong, the same,
September 1891, p. 82; and Auguste Voisin, the same, November 1888, p.
130.
[68] See Otto Wetterstrand, _Der Hypnotismus und seine Anwendung in der
praktischen Medicin_; Georg Ringier, _Erfolge des therapeutischen
Hypnotismus in der Landpraxis_; Van Renterghem and Van Eeden,
_Psycho-thérapie_; Auguste Forel, _Einige therapeutische Versuche mit
dem Hypnotismus bei Geisteskranken_; Lloyd Tuckey, _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, January 1897, p. 207; Ladame, Revue de l'Hypnotisme,
November 1887, p. 131, and December 1887, p. 165; A. Voisin, _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, vol. ii. (1888), p. 69, and vol. iii. (1889), p. 353;
Vlavianos, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1899, p. 361; Neilson, _Revue
de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. vi. (1892), p. 17. Bérillon, _Le traitement
psychologique de L'Alcoolisme_. Paris 1906. See also the works of
Liébeault, Bernheim, and Milne Bramwell.
[69] There are many instances of the cure of morphinomania. See
especially the case recorded by Dr. Marot in the _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, February 1893, on account of the psychological interest
of the patient's own remarks.
Wetterstrand, out of fourteen cases, records eleven cures of
morphinomania. In a paper in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, November 1890,
he discusses the benefit of prolonged hypnosis--causing the patient to
sleep for a week or more at a time--which he tried in one case. See also
Voisin, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1886, p. 163.
[70] See Dr. A. Dorez, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, May 1899, p. 345; and
Dr. Bourdon, the same, November 1893, p. 141 [557 A].
[71] Dr. Hill, _British Medical Journal_, July 4th, 1891.
[72] In some articles in the _Revue Philosophique_, published in 1886
and 1887, Delboeuf describes some experiments which suggest that in
many of the remarkable hypnotic cures recorded in the _Zoist_ (as well
as in modern cases) the removal of pain was probably an important
element in the cure; see _e.g._ cures of inflammation (_Zoist_, vol. x.
p. 347); of neuralgia and chronic rheumatism (vol. ix. pp. 76-79); of
abdominal pains (vol. ix. p. 155); of tic douloureux (vol. viii. p.
186); of severe headaches (vol. x. p. 369); of eczema impetiginodes
(vol. x. p. 96).
The general subject of hypnotic analgesia is strikingly illustrated by
Esdaile's well-known work in the Indian hospitals; see his books,
_Mesmerism in India_ (London, 1846); _The Introduction of Mesmerism with
Sanction of Government into the Public Hospitals of India_ (2nd edit.
London, 1856); _Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_ (London, 1852); and
constant references to him in the _Zoist_.
For later cases see _British Medical Journal_, April 5th, 1890, p. 801;
the same, February 28th, 1891, pp. 460-468.
See also Van Renterghem and Van Eeden's _Psycho-thérapie_, pp. 262-280.
See also the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 21, and the _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, November 1891, p. 132; the same, 1895, p. 300; and for
the discussion of a very interesting recent case of the cure of _sycosis
menti_, see Bérillon, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1896, p. 195;
Delboeuf, _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, February 1896, p. 225; Durand (de
Gros), _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, 1896, p. 37. It was also quoted in the
_British Medical Journal_ for November 16th, 1895.
[73] See the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, August 1887.
[74] See the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 209 [535 A].
[75] See the _Revue Philosophique_, 1886.
[76] See the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 193 [535 B].
[77] For cases bearing on this subject see Dr. Liébeault's
_Thérapeutique Suggestive_, pp. 64 _et seq._; the _Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, January 1893; and _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 177
[538 A and B].
[78] _Thérapeutique Suggestive_, pp. 64 _et seq._
[79] See the _Revue Philosophique_, November 1886. The same case is
discussed in _Mind_ for January 1887 [539 A].
[80] Nagel suggests that there may have been at a certain stage _mixed
sense-organs_, by means of which two or three sensations were perceived
simultaneously.
[81] For a circumstantial English account of the well-known case of
Louise Lateau, see _Macmillan's Magazine_, vol. xxiii. p. 488 _et seq._
Three cases of the production of cruciform marks reported by Dr. Biggs,
of Lima, appeared in the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100.
Another remarkable American case of stigmatisation was reported in the
_Courier-Journal_, Louisville, Ky., December 7th, 1891, on the authority
of Dr. M. F. Coomes and several other physicians.
See also the case of Ilma S. recorded in Dr. R. von Krafft-Ebing's
_Experimental Study in Hypnotism_.
Dr. P. Janet describes somewhat similar experiments in _L'Automatisme
Psychologique_ (see p. 166 _et seq._).
Again, somewhat similar is a case recorded by Dr. J. Rybalkin in the
_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1890 (p. 361), in which a post-hypnotic
suggestion to the subject to burn his arm at a stove--really
unlighted--produced blisters as of a burn.
Hæmorrhage and bleeding stigmata were several times produced in the
famous subject, Louis Vivé, by verbal suggestion alone. (Drs. Bourru and
Burot, _Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie_, July 12th, 1885; and
Dr. Mabille, _Progrès Médical_, August 29th, 1885.)
Professor Beaunis (_Recherches Expérimentales_, etc., Paris, 1886, p.
29) produced redness and cutaneous congestion in his subject, Mlle. A.
E., by suggestion, and the experiment was repeated on the same subject
by the present writer and Edmund Gurney in September 1885 (see
_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 167).
It appears that there is at present at the Salpêtrière a _stigmatisée_,
the development of whose stigmata has been watched by Dr. Janet under
copper shields with glass windows inserted in them (_Revue de
l'Hypnotisme_, December 1900, p. 190).
Other cases are recorded in the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, June 1890, p.
353; the same February 1892, p. 251 [543 A to H].
[82] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. pp. 268-323 [551 A].
[83] Professor Fontan's experiments described in the _Revue
Philosophique_, August 1887, cannot lightly be set aside. An account of
his experiments is given in _Proceedings_ S. P. R. vol. ii. p. 263-268.
[549 D]. See also the works of Pététin, Durand, Foissac, and Despine,
especially _Observations de Médecine Pratique_, pp. 45, 62, and _Étude
Scientifique sur Somnambulisme_, p. 167.
[84] See _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 100 [543 B].
[85] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 176-203 [551 C].
[86] _Revue Philosophique_, September 1888 [552 A].
[87] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, vol. vi. p. 357 [553 A].
[88] For illustrative instances see _Brain_, Summer Number 1900, p. 207,
_Revue de l' Hypnotisme_, January 1889, and Bérillon, _De la suggestion
et de ses applications à la pédagogie_ (1887) [553 B]. See also
Bérillon, _La Psychologie du Courage et l'Éducation du Caractère_. Paris
1905.
[89] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xii. pp. 204-58 [555 B]. See also his
book on _Hypnotism_, pp. 425-32.
[90] See also the _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, January 1889, September 1890,
November 1886, November 1888, for cases reported by Liébeault, Bérillon,
Bernheim, and Voisin.
[91] See Mr. Fryer's paper on "The Welsh Revival of 1904-5," in
_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xix. p. 80.
[92] See Puységur, _Recherches sur l'Homme dans le Somnambulisme_
(Paris, 1811); Pététin, _Electricité Animale_ (Paris, 1808); Despine,
_Observations de Médecine Pratique_ (1838), and _Journal_ S.P.R., vol.
ix. p. 333.
[93] _Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoyance_, pp. 227-28; quoted in
_Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 88.
[94] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. (1888), pp. 14-17. [569 A.]
[95] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. pp. 536-596. [569 B.]
[96] Beginning with cases partly retrocognitive, the leader is referred
to _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 30-99; _Zoist_, vol. vii. pp.
95-101 [572 A and B].
[97] The longest and most important series of experiments in
thought-transference with hypnotised subjects, carried out by members of
the S.P.R., are those of Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick. _Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 128-70; and vol. viii. pp. 536-96 [573 A].
[98] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 199-220; Dr. Fahnestock's
_Statuvolism_, pp. 117-35, 221-32 [573 B, C and D].
[99] _Zoist_, vol. xii. pp. 249-52 [573 F].
[100] See "Mind-Cure, Faith-Cure, and the Miracles of Lourdes," by A. T.
Myers, M.D., F.R.C.P., and F. W. H. Myers, _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol.
ix. pp. 160-210.
[101] For a true synæsthetic or "sound-seer,"--to take the commonest
form of these central repercussions of sensory shock,--there is a
connection between sight and sound which is instinctive, complex, and
yet for our intelligence altogether arbitrary.
But sound-seeing is only a conspicuous example of synæsthesiæ which
exist in as yet unexplored variety. When we find that there are
gradated, peremptory, inexplicable associations connecting sensations of
light and colour with sensations of temperature, smell, taste, muscular
resistance, etc., we are led to conclude that we are dealing, not with
the casual associations of childish experience, but with some reflection
or irradiation of specialised sensations which must depend upon the
connate structure of the brain itself.
This view is consistent with the results of an _Enquête sur l'audition
colorée_ recently conducted by Professor Flournoy, from which it appears
that of 213 persons presenting these associations only 48 could assign
the date of their origin; and is supported by a case described in the
_Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, December 1892, p. 185, where a man who had long
exhibited a limited form of _audition colorée_ developed _gustation
colorée_ in addition when in a low state of health.
See also the "Report of the International Congress of Experimental
Psychology, Second Session, London, 1892," pp. 10-20 (Williams &
Norgate, London, 1892), and the _American Journal of Psychology_ for
April 1900 (vol. xi. pp. 377-404).
[102] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 480 [610 A].
[103] The "Census of Hallucinations" was undertaken in 1889, by a
Committee of the S.P.R., under the direction of Professor Sidgwick, and
consisting of himself and Mrs. Sidgwick, Dr. A. T. Myers, Mr. F.
Podmore, Miss A. Johnson, and the present writer. The full report of the
committee was published in 1894. (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. pp.
25-422.) A summary of the report is given in the original edition. [612
A.]
[104] For prehistoric and historic crystal-gazing see Mr. Andrew Lang's
_Making of Religion_, and Miss Goodrich-Freer's "Recent Experiments in
Crystal-Vision," _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 486 [620 A].
[105] It is right also to state, although I cannot here discuss the
problems involved, that I believe these visions to be sometimes seen by
more than one person, simultaneously or successively.
[106] See also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. i. pp. 263-283; vol. ii. pp.
1-5, 24-42, 189-200; vol. iii. pp. 424-452, where a full record will be
found of Mr. Malcolm Guthrie's experiments [630 B]. Also _Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 2-17 [630 C], for Mr. Henry G. Rawson's
experiments. Others are recorded in the _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. i.
pp. 161-167 and 174-215. See also those of Herr Max Dessoir
(_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 111, and vol. v. p. 355); Herr Anton
Schmoll and M. Etienne Mabire (_ibid._ vol. iv. p. 324 and vol. v. p.
169); Mr. J. W. Smith (_ibid._ vol. ii. p. 207); Sir Oliver Lodge
(_ibid._ vol. vii. p. 374); Dr. A. Blair Thaw (_ibid._ vol. viii. p.
422); Dr. von Schrenck-Notzing (_ibid._ vol. vii. p. 3); Professor
Richet (_ibid._ vol. v. p. 18). See also _Phantasms of the Living_, vol.
i. pp. 32-34, and vol. ii. pp. 653-654. Also the experiments of
Professor and Mrs. Sidgwick (_Proceedings_, vol. vi. and vol. viii.)
already referred to in Chapter V.
[107] See Mr. F. Podmore's _Apparitions and Thought-transference_,
Chapter V. [630 D, etc.]; also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 455
[630 F]; and _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 325-329 [630 E]: _ibid._
pp. 234-237, pp. 299-306 and pp. 311-319; and vol. xii. p. 223 (March
1906).
[108] It is plain that on this view there is no theoretical reason for
limiting telepathy to human beings. For aught we can say, the impulse
may pass between man and the lower animals, or between the lower animals
themselves. See _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 278-290 and pp. 323-4;
the same, vol. xii. pp. 21-3; the same, vol. iv. p. 289; and
_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xiv. p. 285.
[109] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. pp. 25-422.
[110] See also _Phantasms of the Living_ vol. ii. p. 96 [§ 653], and for
an auditory case, _ibid._ p. 100 [§ 655].
[111] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 78 [§ 645]. See also _op.
cit._, p. 82 _et seq._
[112] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. p. 306 [§ 646]. See also the case in
_Phantasms of the Living_ (vol. ii. p. 217) [§ 647], where an apparition
was seen _by its original_ and by others _at the same time_.
[113] See _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 144 [651 A] and _ibid._
p. 61 [§ 651].
[114] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 97 [654 A].
[115] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 194 [654 B].
[116] See Chapter IX., _passim_.
[117] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 30-99 [572 A and 573 B];
_op. cit._, 199-220 [573 C]; _Zoist_, vol. vii. pp. 95-101, vol. ix. p.
234, vol. xii. pp. 249-52; and Dr. Fahnestock's _Statuvolism_,
especially pp. 127-35 and 221-32.
[118] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 31 [662 B].
[119] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 37 [662 D].
[120] See _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 25 [665 A].
[121] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 35 [662 C].
[122] See _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 265 [§ 664].
[123] For examples of various types see _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vii. p.
25; vol. v. p. 68, and _op. cit._, p. 147 [665 A, B and C].
[124] See _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 162; _op. cit._, p.
164; _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 41 [666 A, B and C].
[125] See _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 527, for example [667
A].
[126] For cases see the second edition of _Phantasms of the Living_,
vol. i. p. lxxxi; _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. pp. 270, 273, and 418;
_Forum_, March 1900; _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 217; vol. vii. p. 99
[668 A to G]. See also _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 103 and
vol. ii. p. 675; and the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 307.
[127] Some such power as this is frequently claimed in oriental books as
attainable by mystic practices. We have not thus far been fortunate
enough to discover any performances corresponding to these promises.
[128] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vii. pp. 199-220 [573 C].
[129] See _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 231.
[130] Some word is much needed to express communications between one
state and another, _e.g._ between the somnambulic and the waking state,
or, in hypnotism, the cataleptic and the somnambulic, etc. The word
"methectic" ([Greek: methektikhos]) seems to me the most
suitable, especially since [Greek: methexis] happens to be the
word used by Plato (Parm. 132 D.) for participation between ideas and
concrete objects. Or the word "inter-state" might be pressed into this
new duty.
[131] See for example Mr. Cameron Grant's case. (_Proceedings_ S.P.R.,
vol. viii. p. 202.)
[132] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 404-408.
[133] In some experimental cases, it will be remembered, the impression
takes effect through the _motor_, not the _sensory_, system of the
recipient, as by automatic writing, so that he is never directly aware
of it at all.
[134] See, for instance, case 500, _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii.
p. 462.
[135] I mean by "ordinary" the classes which are recognised and treated
of in _Phantasms of the Living_. But if the departed survive, the
possibility of thought-transference between them and those who remain is
of course a perfectly tenable hypothesis. "As our telepathic theory is a
psychical one, and makes no physical assumptions, it would be perfectly
applicable (though the _name_ perhaps would be inappropriate) to the
conditions of disembodied existence."--_Phantasms_, vol. i. p. 512.
[136] Certain statistics as to these time-relations are given by Edmund
Gurney as follows (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 408): "The
statistics drawn from the first-hand records in _Phantasms of the
Living_ as to the time-relation of appearances, etc., occurring in close
proximity to deaths, are as follows:--In 134 cases the coincidence is
represented as having been exact, or, when times are specifically
stated, close to within an hour. In 104 cases it is not known whether
the percipient's experience preceded or followed the death; such cases
cannot be taken account of for our present purpose. There remain 78
cases where it appears that there was an interval of more than an hour;
and of these 38 preceded and 40 followed the death. Of the 38 cases
where the percipient's experience preceded the death (all of which, of
course, took place during a time when the "agent" was seriously ill), 19
fell within twenty-four hours of the death. Of the 40 cases where the
percipient's experience followed the death, all followed within an
interval of twenty-four hours, and in only one (included by mistake) was
the twelve hours' interval certainly exceeded, though there are one or
two others where it is possible that it was slightly exceeded."
[137] The _Proceedings_ of the American Society for Psychical Research
(vol. i. p. 405) contain a case where a physician and his wife, sleeping
in separate but adjoining rooms, are both of them awakened by a bright
light. The physician sees a figure standing in the light; his wife, who
gets up to see what the light in her husband's room may be, does not
reach that room till the figure has disappeared. The figure is not
clearly identified, but has some resemblance to a patient of the
physician's, who has died suddenly (from hemorrhage) about three hours
before, calling for her doctor, who did not anticipate this sudden end.
Even this resemblance did not strike the percipient until after he knew
of the death, and the defect in _recognition_ weakens the case
evidentially.
[138] The references in this and the two following pages are to
_Phantasms of the Living_.
[139] See the cases of Major Moncrieff (i. p. 415); of Mr. Keulemans (i.
p. 444), where the second phantasm was held by the percipient to convey
a fresh veridical picture; of Mr. Hernaman (i. p. 561), where, however,
the agent was alive, though dying, at the time of the appearance; see
also the cases of Mrs. Ellis (ii. p. 59); of Mrs. D. (ii. p. 467); of
Mrs. Fairman (ii. p. 482), and of Mr. F. J. Jones (ii. p. 500), where
the death was again due to drowning, and the act of dying cannot,
therefore, have been very prolonged. We may note also Mrs. Reed's case
(ii. p. 237), Captain Ayre's (ii. p. 256) and Mrs. Cox's (ii. p. 235).
In the case of Miss Harriss (ii. p. 117) a hallucinatory _voice_, about
the time of the death, but not suggesting the decedent, is followed by a
dream the next night, which presents the dead person as in the act of
dying. One or two other cases might be added to this list, and it is
plain that the matter is one towards which observation should be
specially directed.
[140] See _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 305; _Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 180; _ibid._ p. 194.
[141] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii p. 236 [716 B].
[142] See for instance _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 20; the same,
vol. xi p. 429 and _Phantasms of the Living_, vol ii. p. 208 [717 A, B
and C].
[143] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. p. 214 [719 A].
[144] _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 449 [719 B].
[145] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 422-26 [§ 720].
[146] The cases recorded in _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 216,
and _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. p. 263 [727 A and B] may be regarded
as deflected fulfilments.
[147] _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. x. p. 383. See also _ibid._ p. 371 and
vol. viii. p. 214 [728 A and B and § 726].
[148] For the other case see _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i. p. 265.
[149] For cases illustrating this, see _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. v. p.
409 [§ 734]; also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 220; _ibid._ p.
218; _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. ii. p. 690; and _Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. x. p. 373 [§ 736 and 736 A, B and C].
[150] See for instance _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 173.
[151] This analogy suggests itself still more forcibly in the remarkable
case recorded in _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 17. Here the visions,
seen in a mirror, were perceived simultaneously, though not quite in the
same way, by four witnesses, and lasted for an appreciable length of
time.
[152] See the _Proceedings_ of the American Society for Psychical
Research, vol. i. p. 446 [741 A].
[153] In the case recorded in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 173 [§
742], the decedent would appear to be satisfying both a local and a
personal attraction. See also the cases given in _Proceedings_ S.P.R.,
vol. iii. p. 93, and vol. v. p. 437 [742 A], which are somewhat similar.
[154] See, however, Sir Arthur Beecher's case (_Proceedings_ S.P.R.,
vol. iii. p. 110) where there was at least a rumour of some crime. In
Mrs. M.'s case, too (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 178) and Mrs.
Pennée's (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 60) there is some indication
of past troubles in which the percipients, of course, were in no way
concerned. But in no other cases has there been anything, as far as we
know, which could trouble the departed spirit with importunate memories
of his earthly home.
[155] For a discussion of this problem, illustrated by a large number of
cases, see my article on "Retrocognition and Precognition" in the
_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 334-593.
[156] See, however, Mrs. Sidgwick's remarks (_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol.
iii. pp. 79-80), as to the rarity of any indication of intelligence in
such sounds, and the possibility of reading more intelligence into them
than they really possess. There is now, of course, more evidence as to
these sounds than there was at the date of Mrs. Sidgwick's paper (1885).
[157] Thus Mrs. Sidgwick, even as far back as 1885 (_Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 142), writes: "I can only say that having made
every effort--as my paper will, I hope, have shown--to exercise a
reasonable scepticism, I yet do not feel equal to the degree of unbelief
in human testimony necessary to avoid accepting, at least provisionally,
the conclusion that there are, in a certain sense, haunted houses, i.e.,
that there are houses in which similar quasi-human apparitions have
occurred at different times to different inhabitants, under
circumstances which exclude the hypothesis of suggestion or
expectation."
[158] This case is given in Appendix VII. G.
[159] In an earlier part of this paper, I mentioned cases of haunted
houses where the apparitions are various, and might therefore all of
them be merely subjective hallucinations, sometimes, perhaps, caused by
expectancy. It is, of course, also possible to explain these cases by
the hypothesis we are now discussing. Another class of cases is,
perhaps, worth mentioning in this connection. We have in the collection
two cases of what was believed by the narrators to be a quite peculiar
feeling of discomfort, in houses where concealed and long since
decomposed bodies were subsequently found. Such feelings are seldom
dearly defined enough to have much evidential value, for others, at any
rate, than the percipient; even though mentioned beforehand, and
definitely connected with the place where the skeleton was. But if there
be really any connection between the skeleton and the feeling, it may
possibly be a subtle physical influence such as I am suggesting.--E. M.
S.
[160] To avoid misconception, I may point out that this view in no way
negatives the possibility that telepathy (or its correlative telergy)
may be in some of its aspects commoner, or more powerful, among savages
than among ourselves. Evolutionary processes are not necessarily
_continuous_. The acquirement by our lowly-organised ancestors of the
sense of _smell_ (for instance) was a step in evolution. But the sense
of smell probably reached its highest energy in races earlier than man;
and it has perceptibly declined even in the short space which separates
civilised man from existing savages. Yet if, with some change in our
environment, the sense of smell again became useful, and we reacquired
it, this would be none the less an evolutionary process because the
evolution had been interrupted.
[161] I do not wish to assert that _all_ unfamiliar psychical states are
necessarily evolutive or dissolutive in any assignable manner. I should
prefer to suppose that there are states which may better be styled
_allotropic_;--modifications of the arrangements of nervous elements on
which our conscious identity depends, but with no more conspicuous
_superiority_ of the one state over the other than (for instance)
charcoal possesses over graphite or graphite over charcoal. But there
may also be states in which the (metaphorical) carbon becomes
_diamond_;--with so much at least of _advance_ on previous states as is
involved in the substitution of the crystalline for the amorphous
structure.
[162] See, for instance, _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. i. p. 291.
[163] _Sensation et Mouvement_, par Ch. Féré. Paris: Alcan, 1887.
[164] _La Suggestion Mentale_ (see _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ii. pp.
239 _sqq._).
[165] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ii. pp. 226-31 [830 A].
[166] See Mr. Wilkinson's book _Spirit Drawings: a Personal Narrative_.
But, of course, like other automatic impulses, this impulse to
decorative or symbolical drawing is sometimes seen at its maximum in
insane patients. Some drawings of an insane patient, reproduced in the
_American Journal of Psychology_, June 1888, show a noticeable analogy
(in my view a _predictable_ analogy) with some of the "spirit-drawings"
above discussed. See also the Martian landscapes of Hélène Smith, in
Professor Flournoy's _Des Indes à la planète Mars_.
[167] An account of recorded instances of Socratic monitions and some
discussion of them is given in the original edition [§ 813, 814].
[168] _Du Démon de Socrate_, etc., by L. F. Lélut, Membre de l'Institut.
Nouvelle édition, 1856.
[169] For other authorities see Mr. Andrew Lang's paper in _Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 198-212.
[170] On this point, see Mr. Lang's paper referred to above.
[171] See Plutarch's _De genio Socratis_.
[172] See _Phantasms of the Living_, vol. i., Chapter VII, _passim_.
[173] See _Proceedings_ of the American S.P.R., vol. i. p. 397;
_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. pp. 33 and 35 [817 A, B, and C].
[174] The case is recorded in _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. v. p. 136 [817 D].
[175] For a somewhat similar case, possibly due to hyperæsthesia of
hearing, see _American Journal of Psychology_, vol. iii. p. 435
(September 1890).
[176] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 419 and 421 [821 A].
[177] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 422 and 423 [§§ 822 and
823]; also a case given in _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. viii. p. 345,
where a lady hurrying up to the door of a lift, is stopped by seeing a
figure of a man standing in front of it, and then finds that the door is
open, leaving the well exposed, so that she would probably have fallen
down it, if she had not been checked by the apparition.
[178] _Revue de l'Hypnotisme_, March 1893, p. 268.
[179] When the automatic drawings have any telepathic or other
supernormal content, they are usually associated with automatic writing.
Compare the case of Mr. Cameron Grant (_Phantasms of the Living_, vol.
ii. p. 690).
[180] See James's _Psychology_, vol. i. p. 394: "One curious thing about
trance utterances is their generic similarity in different
individuals.... It seems exactly as if one author composed more than
half of the trance messages, no matter by whom they are uttered. Whether
all sub-conscious selves are peculiarly susceptible to a certain stratum
of the _Zeitgeist_, and get their inspiration from it, I know not." See
the account of automatic and impressional script, by Mr. Sidney Dean,
which Professor James goes on to quote, and which is closely parallel to
(for instance) Miss A.'s case, to be referred to below, although the one
series of messages comes from the hand of a late member of Congress,
"all his life a robust and active journalist, author, and man of
affairs," and the other from a young lady with so different a history
and _entourage_.
[181] Some other cases of Mr. Smith's will be found in this volume. See
also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iii. p. 25 [§ 831] for a case of Prof.
Sidgwick's, and _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ii. pp. 226-231 for the
complex "Clelia" case. Other cases of imaginary personalities are to be
found in the accounts of possession which have come down to us from the
"Ages of Faith." See for example the autobiography of Soeur Jeanne des
Anges (_Bibliothèque Diabolique_ [collection Bourneville] Paris, 1886).
[182] For the description of a curious case combining various motor
automatisms in a very unusual way, see _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. p.
182 [§ 833].
[183] For Mlle. Smith's later history, see Professor Flournoy's
_Nouvelles Observations sur un cas de Somnambulisme_, Geneva, 1902.
[184] We have already printed several incidents of this type in our
_Proceedings_ and _Journal_. (See, for instance, _Proceedings_ S.P.R.,
vol. viii. p. 344 [818 A].)
[185] A somewhat similar but less complex set of experiments by Mr. G.
M. Smith is given in the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. v. pp. 318-320 [843 B].
[186] For further cases see _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iii. pp. 2 and 5
[§§ 845 and 847].
[187] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. iii. pp. 8-23 [849 A]. For a series
of experiments on a smaller scale but analogous to these see
_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. (1893), pp. 61-64.
[188] Mr. Newnham procured for me two autograph letters from
eye-witnesses of some of the experiments, who do not, however, wish
their names to be published. One writer says: "You wrote the question on
a slip of paper and put it under one of the ornaments of the
chimney-piece--no one seeing what you had written. Mrs. Newnham sat
apart at a small table. I recollect you kept a book of the questions
asked and answers given, as you thought some new power might be
discovered, and you read me from it some of the results. I remember
particularly questions and answers relating to the selection of a curate
for B. My wife and her sister saw experiments conducted in this manner.
Mrs. Newnham and you were sitting at different tables." Another
eye-witness writes: "I and my sister were staying at----, and were
present at many of the Planchette experiments of Mr. and Mrs. Newnham.
Mr. and Mrs. Newnham sat at different tables some distance apart, and in
such a position that it was quite impossible Mrs. Newnham could see what
question was written down. The subject of the questions was never
mentioned even in a whisper. Mr. Newnham wrote them down in pencil and
sometimes passed them to me and my sister to see, but not often. Mrs.
Newnham immediately answered the questions. Though not always correct,
they (the answers) always referred to the questions. Mr. Newnham copied
out the pencil questions and answers verbatim each day into a diary."
[189] For further cases see _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 44 [851
A]; _ibid._ p. 48 [§ 852]; _ibid._ p. 64 [§ 853]; _ibid._ p. 65 [§ 854].
Also _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ii. p. 236; vol. vi. pp. 112-115 [§ 855
and 856]; vol. xi. pp. 477-481 [852 B]; vol. ix. pp. 67-70 [857 A and
858 A].
[190] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. (1893) pp. 73-92 [839 A and 625
C].
[191] For another series of messages which afford an interesting field
for the discussion of the rival hypotheses of "cryptomnesia" and
spirit-control, see _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 319; _op. cit._ p.
174; and _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. ix. p. 92 [§§ 860, 861 and 862 A].
[192] For further examples see the cases given in _Proceedings_ S.P.R.,
vol. vi. pp. 355-57; vol. viii. pp. 242-48; _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iii.
pp. 216-19; vol. ix. pp. 65-8; vol. ix. pp. 280-84 [868 A and B, 869 A
and B, § 873].
[193] See the "Report of Dr. Ira Barrows on the case of Miss Anna
Winsor." An account of Professor James' inquiry into the case will be
found in _Proceedings_ of the American S.P.R., vol. i. p. 552 [237 A].
[194] The cases of Swedenborg, Cahagnet's subject, D. D. Home, and
Stainton Moses will be discussed in the course of this chapter.
[195] _Bibliothèque Diabolique_ (Collection Bourneville). Paris: Aux
Bureaux du Progrès Medical, 1886 [832 B].
[196] See Professor Janet's paper in the _Revue Philosophique_, March,
1888. The case is also constantly referred to in his _L'Automatisme
Psychologique_.
[197] See page 49.
[198] See page 288.
[199] One important point of similarity is the concurrence in some
savage ceremonies of utterance through an invading spirit and travelling
clairvoyance exercised meantime by the man whose organism is thus
invaded. The uncouth spirit shouts and bellows, presumably with the
lungs of the medicine-man, hidden from view in profound slumber. Then
the medicine-man awakes,--and tells the listening tribe the news which
his sleep-wanderings, among gods or men, have won.
If this indeed be thus, it fits in strangely with the experience of our
modern seers,--with the spiritual interchange which takes place when a
discarnate intelligence occupies the organism and meantime the incarnate
intelligence, temporarily freed, awakes to wider percipience,--in this
or in another world.
[200] See _Modern Spiritualism; a History and a Criticism_, by Frank
Podmore (Methuen and Co., London, 1902).
[201] In this edition the Synopsis alone is given. See Appendix IX. A.
[202] The asterisks indicate the end of the part of this chapter which
was consecutively composed by the author. The rest of the chapter
consists chiefly of fragments written by him at different times.
[203] This as well as the next two cases mentioned are given in Appendix
IX. B.
[204] See _X + Y = Z; or, The Sleeping Preacher of North Alabama.
Containing an account of most wonderful mysterious mental phenomena,
fully authenticated by living witnesses._ By the Rev. G. W. Mitchell.
(New York: W. C. Smith, 67 John Street, 1876) [934 A].
[205] For Kant's evidence in regard to the supernormal powers of
Swedenborg, see "Dreams of a Spirit Seer," by Immanuel Kant, translated
by E. F. Goerwitz; edited by Frank Sewall (London: Swan Sonnenschein &
Co.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1900) [936 A].
[206] See also an account of the "Seeress of Prevorst," translated from
the German by Mrs. Crowe, and published in London in 1845 [936 B].
[207] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. xi. p. 560 [936 C].
[208] The chief sources of information as to D. D. Home's life and
experiences are the following works:--
_Incidents in my Life_, by D. D. Home (1st edition, London, 1863; 2nd
edition, 1864; second series, 1872).
_D. D. Home: His Life and Mission_, by Madame Dunglas Home (London,
1888).
_The Gift of D. D. Home_, by Madame Dunglas Home (London, 1890).
_Report on Spiritualism of the Committee of the London Dialectical
Society_ (London, 1871). This contains the evidence of the Master of
Lindsay,--now Earl of Crawford and Balcarres,--and others.
_Experiences in Spiritualism with Mr. D. D. Home_, by Viscount Adare
(now Lord Dunraven; privately printed).
_Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism_, by William Crookes,
F.R.S. Reprinted from the _Quarterly Journal of Science_ (London, 1874).
_Notes of Séances with D. D. Home_, by William Crookes, F.R.S.
(_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 98.)
See also a review by Professor Barrett and the present writer of Madame
Home's first book, _D. D. Home: His Life and Mission_, in the _Journal_
S.P.R., vol. iv. pp. 101-136; a briefer review of her second book, _The
Gift of D. D. Home_, in the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. iv. p. 249; and a
note on "The Character of D. D. Home" in the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vi.
p. 176; also an article by Mr. Hamilton Aidé, "Was I hypnotised?" in the
_Nineteenth Century_ for April 1890.
[209] See _Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vi. pp. 436-659; vol. viii. pp.
1-167; vol. xiii. pp. 284-582; vol. xiv. pp. 6-78; vol. xv. pp. 16-52;
vol. xvi. pp. 1-649.
[210] For a discussion of Professor Hyslop's report see _Proceedings_
S.P.R., vol. xvii. pp. 331-388.
[211] The original unabridged edition was published in two volumes.
[212] The Synthetic Society, before which these pages were first read as
a paper in March 1899.
[213] _Enn._ vi. 4, 14.
[214] _Enn._ iv. 3, 27.
[215] _Enn._ v. 2-3. The World-Soul is _supra grammaticam_; and Plotinus
sometimes uses a personal, sometimes an impersonal, locution to express
what is infinitely beyond the conception of personality, as it is
infinitely beyond any human conception whatsoever.
[216] For the fullest account of Félida, see _Hypnotisme_, _Double
Conscience_, etc., par le Dr. Azam. Paris, 1887.
[217] _Revue Scientifique_, 3e série, xxxii. p. 167.
[218] An apparent discrepancy between Professor Hilprecht's account and
that of Mrs. Hilprecht calls for explanation. Professor Hilprecht states
that he verified his dream on Sunday morning at the University; Mrs.
Hilprecht that he verified it immediately upon awaking, in his library.
Both statements are correct. He had a working copy in his library which
he examined at once, but hurried to the University next morning to
verify it by comparison with the authorised copy made from the
originals.--W. R. N.
[219] This appendix has been greatly abridged.
[220] See _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, 1882, p. 75, and Dr. Berjon,
_La grande Hystéric chez l'Homme_, Paris, 1886.
[221] _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, 1884, vol. ii. p. 289 _seqq._
[222] Dr. E. Dufour, médecin en chef de l'asile Saint-Robert (Isère).
See _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, September 1886, p. 238, and
_Contribution à l'étude de l'hypnotisme_, par le Dr. Dufour, Grenoble,
1887.
[223] It was not unusual for her to sit in the _salon_ in the evening,
after the day's occupations were over.
[224] I noted on this narrative at the time I received it: "This account
is entirely concordant with the account written by Mrs. Ramsay before
reading Mrs. Elgee's account in 1888, and abstracted by me for an
article in _Murray's Magazine_. There was this discrepancy between Mrs.
Elgee and Mrs. Ramsay,--that Mrs. Ramsay thought that the figure wore a
beard, whereas Mrs. Elgee saw him as she knew him--with whiskers only.
He certainly had no beard at the time."
[225] A plan enclosed shows a suite of four rooms, M. Potolof's study,
the ante-room, the drawing-room, and M. Mamtchitch's study, all opening
into one another, the three doors between them being in one straight
line.
[226] See "Phantasms of the Dead from another point of view,"
_Proceedings_ S.P.R., vol. vi. p. 291.
[227] We have ascertained that this date was a Sunday.
[228] Some of the correspondence about the case given in the
_Proceedings_ is omitted here for want of space.
[229] A dream in which a message of somewhat the same kind is given is
recorded in the _Journal_ S.P.R., vol. vii. p. 188. See also the old
case of Dr. Binns, given in his _Anatomy of Sleep_, p. 462.
[230] An account of this case appeared in an article by Herman Snow in
the _Religio-Philosophical Journal_ for January 31st, 1891, and Mr. Snow
also sent us an earlier article on the subject which he had written in
1881, and of which his second account was a mere repetition. The facts
were related to him by the Unitarian minister of the place where Mrs.
Finney lived; and this third-hand account recorded by Mr. Snow fifteen
years after the event closely coincides with Mrs. Finney's first-hand
one, recorded twenty-five years after the event.
[231] In this edition the synopsis of the scheme alone is given.
[232] This appendix was written originally with a special view to the
phenomena alleged to occur in the case of Mr. W. Stainton Moses.
[233] Mr. Goodall thinks that the mule's sudden fall, otherwise
unexplainable, may have been due to terror at some apparition of the
dying child.
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