THE WORLD MUST BE STUDIED, JUST AS ONE WOULD ANALYZE THE VOICE.

This is by what we must begin. Having to speak of sense-objects, and

knowing that all of them are contained in this world here below,

we must first scrutinize this world, establish within it divisions

according to the nature of the (beings) which compose it, and then

distribute them into genera, just as we would do if we had to analyze

the voice whose nature is infinite (by the diversity of sounds it

produces), reducing it to a definite number of kinds.[344] Observing

the elements common to many sounds, we would reduce them to one unity,

then, to a superior unity, further to a supreme unity, in which these

sounds appear as a small number of classes. Then, the elements common

to these individuals would be called "species," and that common to

various species would be called a genus. As to the voice, it is easy

enough to discover each species, to reduce all the species to unity,

and to predicate of all of them (as highest genus or category) the

general element, the voice. But an analysis as summary as this is

impossible with the (more complicated universe). In the sense-world we

will have to recognize several genera, which will differ from those of

the intelligible world, since the sense-world itself differs from the

intelligible world so much that it is not its counterpart, but only its

image, whose only element common (to its model) is the name.

Plotinos: Complete Works, v. 3 In Chronological Order, Grouped in Four Periods · 第 341 / 442 题