HOW THE SUPREME MAY BE SAID TO COMMAND HIMSELF.

Likewise, the statement that the (divinity) commands Himself may be

taken strictly, if in Him be two entities (the commander and the

commanded); but if (we may not distinguish such a pair of entities)

there is only one entity within Him, and He is only the commander,

containing nothing that obeys. How then, if He contain nothing that was

commanded, could He command Himself? The statement that He commands

Himself means that, in this sense, there is nothing above Him; in which

case He is the First, not on account of the numerical order, but by His

authority and perfectly free power. If He be perfectly free, He cannot

contain anything that is not free; He must therefore be entirely free

within Himself. Does He contain anything that is not Himself, that He

does not do, that is not His work? If indeed He contained anything that

was not His work, He would be neither perfectly free nor omnipotent; He

would not be free, because He would not dominate this thing; nor would

He be omnipotent, because the thing whose making would not be in His

power would even thereby evade His dominion.

Plotinos: Complete Works, v. 3 In Chronological Order, Grouped in Four Periods · 第 189 / 442 题