dark-gray; throat, chest black; ear patch pure white: f.,
smaller. Insects. Loud ringing note.
[Page 172]
[Illustration: [359] [360] [361] [362] [363] [364]]
=359* Yellow-tufted Honey-eater= (Golden-tufted, Black-faced,
Spectacled), Yellow-Whiskers, _P. melanops (auricomis)_, S.Q.,
N.S.W., V.
Stat. c. _eucalypts_ 7.8
"One of the most beautiful of birds," crown olive-yellow;
throat, about ear bright yellow; black from bill, round
eye above ear; upper dark-brown; under yellow; f., smaller.
Insects, honey. Varied, high-pitched notes.
=360* Helmeted Honey-eater=, _P. cassidix_, V.
Stat. r. _forest_ 8.5
"This splendid" Honey-eater; greenish-black; head black;
crown, ears, under yellow; tail tipped white; about eye black;
f., smaller, paler. Insects.
=361 Wattled-cheeked Honey-eater=, _P. cratitia_, V., S.A.,
W.A.
Stat. r. _eucalypts_ 7
Crown gray; upper olive-green; tail, wings brown; about eye,
ear black; narrow yellow line below black; from bill to side
of neck naked lilac skin; under olive yellow; f., smaller.
Pollen, honey.
=362* Yellow-plumed Honey-eater= (Graceful), _P.
novae-hollandiae (ornata)_, N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A.
c. _scrub_ 6.5
"Elegant bird;" upper olive-brown; under grayish-white,
streaked brown; yellow ear-tuft; f., sim. Honey, insects. Loud
ringing note.
=363* White-plumed Honey-eater=, Greenie, Linnet (e),
Chickoowee; Ringeye (e), Ringneck (e), Australian Canary (e),
_P. penicillata_, E.A., S.A., W.A.
Stat. v.c. _gardens_ 6.7
Grayish-brown, tinged olive; under light yellowish-brown; long
white ear plumes, sometimes not seen until the head is moved;
f., smaller. Insects, pollen, honey. Loud ringing notes;
"Chick-oo-wee."
5
6
=364* Crescent Honey-eater= (Horseshoe, Tasmanian), Egypt,
_Meliornis pyrrhoptera (australasiana)_, N.S.W., V., S.A., T.
Stat. c. _forest_, _heath_ 6.2
[Page 173]
[Illustration: [365] [366] [367] [368] [369]]
Upper dusky black; black bar each side of breast; under white;
flanks dusky; wings, tail marked golden-yellow; side-tail
spotted white; f., dusky-brown, faint yellow on wings and
tail. Loud varied calls, "Egypt."
=365* White-bearded Honey-eater= (New Holland), Yellow Wings,
_M. novae-hollandiae_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., SA., T.
Stat. v.c. _scrubby_, _Banksias_ 7.2
Blackish-brown, marked white; much yellow on wings; tail
black, margined yellow, tipped white; line side of nape,
cheeks, behind ear white; f., sim. Insects, honey.
=366* White-cheeked Honey-eater=, _M. nigra (sericea)_, S.Q.,
N.S.W., V., W.A.
Stat. r. _scrub_, _undergrowth_ 7
Like 365, but forehead white; large tuft of white plumes on
side of head; tail not tipped white; f., smaller. Insects,
honey. Clear double whistling note.
1
1
=367* Bell-Miner=, Bell-Bird, _Manorina melanophrys_, E.A. f.,
sim. Insects. Bell note, "Tink."
Stat. r. _dense gullies_ 7
Olive-green; bright yellow patch between eye and bill; small
red patch behind eye; forehead, about eye black.
4
4
=368* Noisy Miner=, Garrulous Honeyeater, Snake-Bird,
Cherry-eater, Soldier, Micky, Squeaker, _Myzantha garrula_,
E.A., S.A., T.
Stat. v.c. _open forest_ 10
Gray; marked whitish on hind-neck, marked dusky-gray chest;
crown, about eye, ear, chin black; wing tinged yellow; tail
tipped white; legs, bill, skin behind eye bright yellow; f.,
smaller. Insects, fruit, honey. Noisy.
=369 Yellow-throated Miner=, _M. flavigula_, E.A., S.A., C.A.
W.A. (inland).
Stat. r. _timber_ 10
Gray; hind-neck marked whitish, chest marked brown; rump, tip
tail white; naked space behind eye; forehead, throat, bill,
legs yellow; a little olive-yellow on wing, base-tail; f.,
smaller. Insects, honey.
[Page 174]
[Illustration: [370] [371] [372] [373] [374] [375]]
2
2
=370* Wattle-Bird=, Red Wattle-Bird, Gill-Bird, Wattled
Honey-eater, Mutton-Bird (e), _Acanthcchaera carunculata_,
S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A.
Stat. c. _timber_ 14.5
Brown streaked, lined white; red wattle 1/4in.; whitish below
eye, between shoulder and gill; wing quills and tail tipped
white; centre abdomen yellow; f., smaller. Insects, honey.
"Kwock, kwock;" "Up with the rag." Many curious guttural
notes.
[Page 175]
2
2
=371 Brush Wattle-Bird=, Mocking-Bird, Mocker, Cookaycock,
_Anellobia chrysoptera (mellivora)_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A.,
T.
Stat. c. _timber_ 12
Brown, lined white; quills lined, tipped white; tail tipped
white; throat whitish; no wattle; f., smaller. Showy,
pugnacious, many curious notes.
1
1
=372* Spiny-cheeked Honey-eater=, _Acanthagenys rufigularis_,
A.
Nom. c. _timber_, _scrub_ 10
Upper dusky-brown; white spiny feathers, below eye to ear;
throat, chest rufous; abdomen whitish, streaked dusky-brown;
tail tipped white; f., sim. Insects, honey. Many peculiar loud
notes, a plaintive trill.
3
3
=373* Blue-faced Honey-eater=, Banana-Bird, Blue-eye,
_Entomyzon cyanotis_, E.A., S.A.
Stat. c. _timber_ 12
Attractive, beautiful; upper golden olive-green; head,
hind-neck black; throat dusky; line on hind-neck, side throat,
under white; about eye blue; f., sim. Insects, honey. Loud
monotonous call.
3
8
=374* Friar-Bird=, Monk, Leatherhead, Four-o'-clock, Pimlico,
Poor Soldier, _Tropidorhynchus corniculatus_, E.A., S.A.
Insects.
Nom. c. _open forest_, _orchard_ 13.2
Head naked, ink-black; knob on bill; brown; tail tipped white;
silver-white lanceolate feathers on throat; f., sim. Noisy,
"Tobacco-box," "four-o'-clock." Fruit.
2
12
=375* Yellow-throated Friar-Bird=, Little Leatherhead,
_Philemon citreigularis_, N. Ter., E.A., S.A., N.W.A.
Nom. r. _timber_ 10
Upper brown; under pale brown; throat yellow (young), white
(adult); the colored plate shows a young bird; the adult loses
yellow on throat, black on face, grayish marks on back, and
becomes "one of the plainest of birds"; f., similar to adult
male. Insects, berries, honey. "Five-o'-clock."
F. 145. _Mniotiltidae_, American Warblers, 231 sp.--2(0)P.,
80(12)Nc., 219(151)Nl.
F. 146. _Drepanididae_, Sandwich Island Honeyeaters, 40 sp. A.
[Page 176]
[Illustration: [376] [376^A] [377] [377^A] [377^B] [377^C]]
F. 147. MOTACILLIDAE (2), Pipits, Wagtails, 107 sp.--11(6)A.,
32(6)O., 53(12)P., 49(32)E., 7(1)Nc.,
1
55
=376* Australian Pipit=, Ground-Lark, _Anthus australis_, A.,
T. =vt. Eur. Pipit.
Part-Mig. v.c. _grass_ 7
Upper dark-brown, feathers edged lighter; buff stripe above
eye; under white streaked dark-brown; most streaked on chest;
outer-tail white; f., sim. Insects, small seeds. Sometimes
soars singing melodiously.
F. 148. ALAUDIDAE (4), Larks, Skylark, Horned-Larks,
Shore-Larks, 224 sp.--6(6)A., 45(29)O., 69(48)P., 108(99)E.,
18(10)Nc., 11(4)Nl.
[Page 177]
1
12
=376^A Skylark=, _Alauda arvensis_, Eur., N. Afr., V.
(introduced).
Mig. c. _grass_ 7
Upper warm-brown mottled, streaked darker; stripe over eye
lighter; throat, chest brownish-buff, streaked brown; abdomen
yellowish-white; f., smaller. Insects, seeds. Sings soaring;
famous songster.
4
45
=377* Bush-Lark=, Horsfield Bush-Lark, Skylark (e), _Mirafra
horsfieldi_, E.A., W.A.
Stat. r. _grass_ 5.3
Like 376, but plumper, shorter; bill stouter, almost
finch-like; f., sim. Insects, small seeds. Sings melodiously
soaring, also on moonlight nights; "one of our most pleasing
songsters."
F. 149. _Catamblyrhynchidae_, 2 sp. Nl. (Peru).
F. 150. _Fringillidae_, Finches, Grosbeak, Bullfinch, Bunting,
Cardinal (Am.), Crossbill, Chaffinch, Linnet, Redpoll, Canary,
1087 sp.--129(83)O., 202(138)P., 107(96)E., 191(125)Nc.,
529(474)Nl.
1
10
=377^A Greenfinch=, Green Linnet, _Ligurinus chloris_,
Europe to Persia, V. (introduced).
Stat. c. _fields_, _gardens_ 6
Upper olive-green; golden-yellow eyestripe; tail yellow
base, black tip; wing dark-brown, lined bright yellow; under
greenish-yellow, darker on flanks; f., much duller. Seeds.
"One of the prettiest of British songsters."
1
11
=377B Goldfinch=, Thistle-Finch, _Carduelis
carduelis_, Europe, Canary Is. to Egypt, to Persia, Siberia,
V. (introduced).
Stat. v.c. _fields_ 5
Crown black; face, chin red; behind eye, throat, under, upper
base tail white; bright yellow on wings; f., sim. Thistle
seeds, insects. Loud, sweet song; "twit-it."
2
56
=377C Tree-Sparrow= (Mountain-), _Passer montanus_,
Eur., N. Asia, A. (introduced).
Stat. r. _trees_ 5.6
Like 377D, but head, nape chestnut; black ear patch
in centre of a large white patch; two white bars on side of
wing; shier; f., sim. Seeds, insects. Chirps.
[Page 178]
[Illustration: [377^D] [378] [379] [380] [381] [382]]
=377D House-Sparrow=, _P. domesticus_, Eur., Siberia,
A. (introduced).
Stat. v.c. _houses_ 5
Crown, nape bluish-gray; behind eye, side neck broad chestnut
band; upper brown; one white bar on wing; cheeks, throat
black; under whitish; f., duller; darker below; no black
throat. Seeds, insects. Chirps.
F. 151. _Coerebidae_, Honey-Creepers, 93 sp.--1(0)Nc.,
93(92)Nl.
F. 152. _Procniatidae_, 1 sp. Nl.
F. 153. _Tanagridae_, Tanagers, 424 sp.--6(0)Nc., 424(418)Nl.
====
Order XXI. (continued)
Gould placed the Australian Finches in the same family as the
Sparrow--the _Fringillidae_--which includes also the Linnet and the
cage Canary. Most writers now put them in with the Weaver-Birds or
Weaver Finches (family _Ploceidae_). Twenty-three Finches have been
recorded from Australia. All have the well-known Finch bill, adapted
for shelling seeds, and all are seed-eaters, though some occasionally
take insects in addition.
The Spotted-sided Finch is true to name, as a glance at the
illustration shows. The rare Fire-tail is beautifully and closely
banded below, while the Chestnut-eared Finch is banded on the throat
and chest. The Plum-headed Finch has a deep crimson forehead, and is
banded below.
The Red-browed Finch is often called the "Firetail," for it has the
red rump as well as the red brow and bill, but the under surface is
not banded. These birds usually build a very large nest, which has
been compared to a "stocking hung by the toe, while the eggs are laid
in the heel, and entrance is gained through the leg."
The introduced Starling has firmly established itself, and is
extending its range rapidly. Incredible numbers gather at lagoon-sides
to roost in the reed-beds.
This bird is a favorite with farmers and graziers, but orchardists
view its rapid increase with alarm. It is possible, as Mr. C. French,
Government Entomologist, has pointed out, that the Starling will yet
prove a more expensive pest than the Rabbit.
Starlings, at least, upset the balance of nature, for, by occupying
all available nesting sites, early and late, they displace the native
birds. Kingfishers, Parrots, and other birds that nest in hollows are
thus being driven away from their old haunts.
The Australian Oriole is a member of the family of true Orioles. The
Fig-Birds of Queensland towns are closely related. The members of
this family are restricted to the Eastern Hemisphere. Our Oriole is an
interesting migrant which visits even cities. Its beautiful hanging,
cup-shaped nest woven amongst the twigs at the end of a leafy bough
is a clever piece of work. Its note is melodious and varied. It often
calls "o-ree-ee-o-ole." It is also fond of mimicking other birds.
The Baltimore Oriole, or Golden Robin, is properly not an Oriole, but
comes in a related family--the _Icteridae_--which contains American
birds somewhat similar to Orioles. The Australian bird, as shown by
the colored illustration, has not the conspicuous golden and black
plumage of the European bird.
The Spangled Drongo is the Australian representative of a family
of birds spread from Africa, Madagascar, and India up to Japan, and
through the islands to Australia. They are a characteristic feature of
Indian ornithology, for they are found everywhere in that country.
The one Australian bird is a migrant, and seldom reaches Southern
Australia. Like other Drongos, it is a glossy black, has a long,
forked tail, is a good mimic of other birds' calls, and is also a
vicious fighter. It is exceedingly active, and has a disagreeably
harsh, cackling, and creaking whistle. It will drive away even hawks
and crows.
After the Shining Starlings of Queensland, come the
marvellously-beautiful Birds of Paradise--"God's Birds."
These unique birds are found only in New Guinea, Papuan Islands,
Molucca Islands, and the rich, tropical coast scrubs of Eastern
Australia. One, the Riflebird, is found even down to North-Eastern New
South Wales.
The Federal and State Governments are doing excellent work in
protecting our beautiful birds, and are giving what seems to be a
really efficient protection, so that some of our birds which possess
the fatal gift of beauty in an extreme degree will probably survive
for some time yet. Collectors as well as plume-hunters should be
compelled to keep hands off our exquisite birds.
(continued below)
====
F. 154. PLOCEIDAE (23), WEAVER-FINCHES, 487 sp.--59(56)A.,
41(37)O., 1(0)P., 391(391)E.
[Page 179]
1
1
=378* Spotted-sided Finch=, Diamond-Sparrow (e), Java-Sparrow
(e), _Stagonopleura guttata_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A.
Stat. c. _grass_ 4.6
"Showy, attractive;" crown gray; back, wings brown; rump,
bill, eye red; sides, chest-band, tail black; sides spotted
white; throat, centre abdomen white; f., sim. Grass-seeds.
2
2
=379* Firetailed Finch=, Firetail, _Zonaeginthus bellus_,
S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A., T.
Stat. r. _grass_ 4.6
Upper olive-brown, finely-barred black; under gray,
finely-barred black; rump, bill scarlet; about eye black; f.,
sim. Seeds.
1
2
=380* Chestnut-eared Finch= (Zebra), _Taeniopygia castanotis_,
A. (interior).
Nom. small flocks, v.r. _plains_ 4.2
Upper brown; rump white; upper base tail black, with three
white spots; cheeks chestnut; throat, chest gray, barred
black; black band on chest; abdomen white; flanks chestnut,
spotted white; feet, bill orange; f., throat, chest gray,
fringed brown; abdomen yellowish-brown. Grass-seeds.
1
4
=381* Plum-headed Finch= (Diadem, Plain-colored), _Aidemosyne
modesta_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A.
Stat. small flocks, r. _grass_ 4.6
Crown deep purple; bill, between eye and bill, spot on chin
black; upper brown; wings spotted white; side-tail tipped
white; under white barred brown; f., no black on chin. Seeds.
2
2
=382* Red-browed Finch= (Temporal), Redhead, Redbill (e),
Sydney Waxbill, _AEgintha temporalis_, E.A., S.A.
Stat. small flocks, r. _grass_ 4.5
Bill, patch over eye, rump crimson; crown gray; upper
olive-brown; under lighter; f., sim. Seeds.
F. 155. _Icteridae_, Bobolink, Cowbird, Blackbirds (Am.),
Oriole (Am.), Redwing (Am.), 185 sp.--35(15)Nc., 170(150) Nl.
F. 156. _Sturnidae_, Starlings, Grackles, 60 sp.--2(1)A.,
42(28)O., 29(14)P., 2(1)E.
[Page 181]
[Illustration: [375] [376] [377] [378] [379] [380] [381] [382] [383]]
=375= Yellow-throated Friar-Bird
=376= Australian Pipit
=377= Bush-Lark
=378= Spotted-Sided Finch
=379= Firetailed Finch
=380= Chestnut-eared Finch
=381= Plum-headed Finch
=382= Red-browed Finch
=383= Olive-backed Oriole
[Page 183]
[Illustration: [384] [385] [385^A] [386] [390] [391] [392] [394]]
=384= Spangled Drongo
=385= Satin Bower-Bird
=385^A= Satin Bower-Bird (Female)
=386= Spotted Bower-Bird
=390= Apostle-Bird
=391= White-winged Chough
=392= Pied Bell-Magpie
=394= Gray Bell-Magpie
[Page 186]
[Illustration: [382^A] [382^B] [383] [384] [385] [385^A]]
1
23
=382^A Starling=, _Sturnus vulgaris_, Eur., N. Afr.,
Asia, A. (introduced).
Nom. v.c. _open_ 8.5
Glossy-black, with metallic reflections; upper feathers tipped
buff, under tipped white; light tips lost in summer; bill
lemon-yellow summer, blackish winter; f., sim. Insects,
caterpillars, fruit. Wheezing, whining notes. Mimic.
[Page 187a]
1
3
=382^B Common Myna= (Indian, Calcutta), _Acridotheres
tristis_, India, Afghanistan, V. (Introduced).
Stat. v.c. _houses_ 10
Head, neck black; upper brown; under rich vinous-brown;
tip-tail, large patch on wing white; about eye, bill, legs
yellow; f., sim. Insects, fruit. Many notes.
F. 157. EULABETIDAE (2), SHINING STARLINGS, 139 sp.--51(51)A.,
20(20)O., 1(1)P., 67(67)E.
F. 158. _Paramythidae_, 1 sp. A. (N.G.).
F. 159. _Buphagidae_, Oxpecker, Rhinoceros-Bird, 2 sp. E.
F. 160. ORIOLIDAE (4), ORIOLES, Fig-Birds, 70 sp.--27(27)A.,
29(26)O., 3(0)P., 15(14)E.
1
12
=383* Olive-backed Oriole=, Green Thrush (e), _Mimetes
sagittata (Oriolus viridis)_, E.A., N.W.A.
Stat. r. _open forest_ 11.5
Upper yellowish olive-green; wings, tail brown, tipped white;
under whitish, streaked black; bill flesh-red; eyes scarlet;
variable in color; f., sim. Insects, fruit. "Or-ree-ee-oale."
Mimic.
F. 161. DICRURIDAE (1), DRONGOS, 73 sp.--24(23)A., 39(38)O.,
11(11)E.
1
29
=384* Spangled Drongo=, Drongo-Shrike, King-Crow, _Dicruropsis
(Chibia, Dicrurus) bracteata_, N.G., N. Ter., E.A., N.W.A., T.
(acc.).
Nom. r. _timber_ 12.2
Black glossed, spotted green; spotted white under wing; f.,
sim. Insects. Noisy, harsh peculiar notes.
F. 162. PARADISEIDAE (4), BIRDS OF PARADISE, Rifle-Bird, 70
sp. A.
====
Order XXI. (continued)
Mr. A. J. North, C.M.B.O.U., the ornithologist of the Australian
Museum, Sydney, and one of the greatest of living Australian
ornithologists, has declared that "without exception, the
bower-building birds of Australia are the most extraordinary and
interesting group of birds found in the world."
These wonderful birds construct, apart from their nests,
play-houses--structures that "are perfectly anomalous in the
architecture of birds." Gould considered the accounts of the
"extraordinary habits" of the Bower Birds "as some of the valuable and
interesting portions" of his work. Though the bird was known before
Gould's time, its "extraordinary habits had never been brought
before the scientific world until I (Gould) had the gratification of
publishing an account of them after my return from Australia."
This month I had the gratification of seeing the Satin Bower Birds
playing about a perfect bower within one chain of a country school,
and within one yard of a busy roadside. The birds have quite made
friends with the school children. They have helped themselves to the
blue flowers from the school garden, pieces of blue paper, and even
a blue hair ribbon, besides blue parrot's feathers. These are used to
decorate this very interesting playhouse.
Unfortunately, Satin Bower Birds are mainly fruit-eaters, and so
will possibly do some damage, but they are amongst the wonders of the
world, and it is hoped all will hesitate to shoot them, "for their
highly-decorated halls of assembly must be regarded as the most
wonderful instances of bird-architecture yet discovered." The male
gets his beautiful blue-black coat after he is seven years old.
Many of the schools of South Gippsland can show Satin Bower-Birds
regularly in attendance at lunch-time to gather the crusts. We have
destroyed their native fruits, and should submit to some slight
loss to enable young Australians to become familiar with the "most
interesting group of birds" in the world.
(continued below)
====
[Page 187b]
F. 163. PTILONORHYNCHIDAE (11), BOWER-BIRDS, Regent-Bird, Cat
(Gardener) Bird, 37 sp. A.
1
1
=385* Satin Bower-Bird=, Satin Bird, _Ptilonorhynchus
violaceus_, E.A.
Stat. r. _coast-scrubs_, _mt.-gullies_ 12.5
Lustrous blue-black, with black centres to feathers; f.,*
upper grayish-green; quills dark-brown; tail golden-brown;
under yellow, washed bluish-green, marked blackish-brown;
young male up to 3 years sim. to f. Gets fully adult
blue-black after 7 years of age. Fruits, berries, insects.
Many notes, mimics.
[Page 188a]
[Illustration: [386] [387] [388] [389] [390]]
5
6
=386* Spotted Bower-Bird=, Cabbage-Bird, _Chlamydera
maculata_, E.A, S.A. (inland).
Stat. v.r. _dry scrubs_ 12
Upper dark-brown spotted buff; rose-lilac opalescent plumes
on nape; tail tipped buff, white; abdomen pale creamy-buff,
flanks barred dusky brown; f., no rose-lilac plumes. Varied,
harsh, plaintive notes, mimics.
====
Order XXI. (continued)
The members of the Crow Family--the _Corvidae_--were considered the
most highly-developed of birds--the most highly organized, so far as
structure was concerned, and the most intelligent. However, Sharpe has
erected the seven Australian Bell-Magpies (_Streperas_) into a family
which, in his _Hand-List of Birds_ is placed at the top of the bird
tree.
In the Crow Family many well-known birds are placed. The Jays,
Magpie, Daws, Rooks, and Nutcrackers of Europe are not represented
in Australia. The Crows and the Raven, however, are represented by
closely-related birds.
It is important to tell the difference between the Australian Crow and
the Australian Raven, for, we are told, the Crow is all that is good,
while the Raven is the reverse.
The ornithologists say it is easy to tell the difference. Just examine
the down, say, on the neck. It is white in the Crow, but dusky in
the Raven. Unfortunately, the birds will not always wait to permit an
examination of the down.
The eye is often mentioned, but hazel-eyed birds have become white-eyed.
However, the Raven has lanceolate feathers on the neck, and a rougher,
unmusical voice.
The Raven seems the more common bird, though most people will tell you
there are no Ravens in their district.
The Apostle-Bird (Gray Jumper), and the White-winged Chough are two
of Australia's "anomalous birds." Both go in flocks, so each has been
called the "Twelve Apostles." However, the name has become attached to
the Gray Jumper.
The White-winged Chough has no close relative in the world; possibly,
the Chough that nests in the cliffs of Cornwall is nearest to it.
The Bell-Magpies (_Streperas_), perhaps better known as Black or Gray
Magpies, are now receiving much notice, because of their position
at the head of the bird-world. They are restricted to Australia,
Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island. A good name is required for these
birds, for, of course, they are not Magpies, though they have a
white-tipped tail, and there is usually white in the wing, and about
the base of the tail. They are fine, large birds, with a variety of
notes.
(continued below)
====
[Page 188b]
F. 164. CORVIDAE (5), CROWS, Rook, Raven, Jackdaw, Magpie
(Br.), Jay, Nutcracker, Chough, 274 sp.--27(25)A., 73(58)O.,
69(53)P., 15(9)E., 43(35)Nc., 73(65)Nl.
3
63
=387 Hazel-eyed Crow=, _Corvus coronoides_, A.
Nom. c. _open_, _timber_ 20
Black glossed with purple; white down; hazel eyes; f.,
smaller. Insects, carrion, fruit, not lambs.
=388 Small-billed Crow=, _C. bennetti_, W.N.S.W., V., S.A.
Like 387, but smaller; bill small; eye white; f., sim.
Insects, carrion. "Car" repeated.
Stat. v.r. _plains_ 18.5
=389 Australian Raven=, Crow (e), _C. marianae (Corone
australis)_, A., T.
Nom. v.c. _plains_, _timber_ 20
Black glossed purple; throat feathers lanceolate, tinged
green; down dusky-gray; eyes white; f., smaller, lanceolate
feathers not so well developed. Locusts, caterpillars,
omnivorous, destructive. "Loud, deep Gwar-gwar, varied with
shrill, high-sounding Korr-Korr" (North).
1
1
=390* Apostle-Bird=, Gray Jumper, Twelve Apostles, _Struthidea
cinerea_, N. Ter., E.A., S.A. (inland).
Stat. small flocks, r. _open timber_ 13
Gray; wings brown; bill, legs black; eye white; f., sim. Mud
nest. Insects. Incessant chattering.
[Page 189]
[Illustration: [391] [392] [393] [394] [395]]
1
1
=391* White-winged Chough=, Black Magpie (e), Jay (e),
Apostle-Bird (e), _Corcorax melanorhamphus_, E.A., S.A.
Stat. small flocks, c. _timber_ 16
Sooty black, white on wing only; eyes red; f., sim. Mud nest.
Insects, fruits, seeds. Low, mournful whistle.
F. 165. STREPERIDAE (7), BELL-MAGPIES, Streperas,
Crow-Shrikes, 7 sp. A.
7
7
=392* Pied Bell-Magpie= (Crow-Shrike), Currawong. Mutton-Bird
(e), _Strepera graculina_, E.A., Lord Howe Is.
Nom. r. _timber_ 18.5