=219= Australian Roller
=220= Blue Kingfisher
=221= Laughing Kingfisher
=223= Sacred Kingfisher
=224= Australian Bee-eater
=227= Spine-tailed Swift
=229= Pallid Cuckoo
=230= Fan-tailed Cuckoo
=235= Bronze Cuckoo
[Page 97]
[Illustration: [238] [240] [242] [244] [244^A] [245^A] [248] [248^A]]
=238= Welcome Swallow
=240= Tree Martin
=242= Brown Flycatcher
=244= Scarlet-breasted Robin
=244^A= Scarlet-breasted Robin (Female)
=245= Flame-breasted Robin
=245^A= Ditto (Female)
=248= Red Capped Robin
=248^A= Red Capped Robin (Female)
[Page 100]
[Illustration: [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [205]]
16
16
=200* Crimson Parrot=, Crimson Rosella, Pennant Parrakeet,
Red Lory (e), Mountain Lowry (e), _Platycercus elegans_, S.Q.,
N.S.W., V., S.A.
Stat. v.c. _timber_, _open_ 13.5
Head, neck, under, rump rich deep crimson; feathers of back
black, edged crimson; cheeks, shoulders blue; tail tipped
pale-blue; f., sim.; young all green at first. Grass, seeds,
insects, caterpillars.
[Page 101]
=201 Yellow Parrot=, Yellow Rosella, Murray Smoker (e), Swamp
Lory (e), Yellow-rumped Parrakeet, _P. flaveolus_, N.S.W., V.,
S.A. (interior).
Stat. v.r. _lofty river gums_ 13.5
"Exceedingly lovely bird, a harmony in blue and canary
yellow;" upper under canary-yellow; back feathers black edged
pale-yellow; wing blue; tip quills dark-brown; tail tipped
light blue and white; forehead crimson; cheeks blue; f.,
duller. Seeds.
=202* Rosella=, Rosehill Parrakeet, Nonpareil Parrot, _P.
eximius_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A., T.
Stat. v.c. _open timber_ 12.5
Crown, hind-neck, chest, under base tail scarlet; cheeks
white; back feathers black edged rich yellow; rump, upper
base tail, lower abdomen pale-green; centre-abdomen yellow;
shoulders blue; tail tipped pale blue; f., young sim.
5
5
=203* Mallee Parrot= (Scrub), Barnard Parrakeet, Ring-neck,
Bulla-Bulla, _Barnardius barnardi_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A.
(interior).
Stat. c. _mallee scrub_, _water courses_ 13
Crown, chest, abdomen, rump rich-green; yellow band on
hind-neck; forehead red; back bluish-gray; centre-abdomen
orange; wing-quills black; shoulder blue; centre tail feathers
green becoming deep iridescent blue at tip; side tail deep
blue at base becoming bluish white at tip; bill horn color;
f., sim. Seeds.
8
8
=204* Blue-Bonnet=, Bulloak Parrot, Yellow-vented Parrakeet,
_Psephotus zanthorrhous_, N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A. (inland).
c. _mallee-scrub_, _plains_ 12.5
Forehead, face blue; crown, upper, chest yellowish-gray; rump,
under base tail, abdomen deep yellow, about legs scarlet; edge
shoulder, patch on wing blue; wing-quills blackish-brown; f.,
duller. Seeds.
=205* Many-colored Parrot= (Varied, Mulga), _P. multicolor_,
N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A., N.W.A. (inland).
Stat. c. _plains_ 12
Head, neck, chest, back green; rump little red; abdomen,
thighs scarlet; forehead, shoulder, under base tail yellow;
f., brick red patch on shoulder, duller. Grass-seeds.
[Page 102]
[Illustration: [206] [207] [208] [209] [210]]
=206* Red-backed Parrot= (Grass, Red-rumped, Ground), _P.
haematonotus_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A.
Large flocks, v.c. _grass_ 11
Green; lower-back scarlet; tip-shoulder outer wing-quills
blue; centre-shoulder, abdomen yellow; f., brownish-olive
upper. Seeds.
7
7
=207 Bourke Grass-Parrot= (Night, Pink-bellied), _Neophema
bourkei_, N.S.W., V., S.A. (interior).
v.r. _plains_ 8.5
Upper olive-brown; under delicate brown tinged pink; forehead,
shoulder, flanks, under tail blue; f., forehead not blue.
Seeds.
=208 Blue-winged Grass-Parrot= (Blue-banded), _N. venusta_,
N.S.W., V., S.A., T., King Is.
[~208 _Neophema chrysostoma._]
Mig. r. _open timber_ 9
Forehead, large patch shoulder deep-blue; crown, neck, back,
breast green; face, abdomen light-yellow; tail tipped fine
yellow; f., sim. Grass seeds.
=209* Grass-Parrot= (Elegant Grass), _N. elegans_, S.Q.,
N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A.
Mig. r. _grass_ 9
Forehead, patch shoulder, wing-quills blue; about eye
rich-yellow; back golden-green; chest green; abdomen, side of
tail yellow; f., duller. Seeds. Musical whistle.
=210 Orange-breasted Grass-Parrot= (Orange-bellied), _N.
chrysogastra_, N.S.W., V., S.A., T.
Mig. r. _grass_ 9
Crown, upper grass-green; forehead blue; cheeks, breast
yellowish-green; shoulder, patch on wing deep-blue; abdomen,
under base tail yellow; lower abdomen much orange; f., less
orange. Seeds. Sharp snapping note.
=211 Red-Shouldered Grass-Parrot= (Chestnut-shouldered,
Beautiful), _N. pulchella_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A.
Mig. c. _timber_ 8
Cheeks, shoulders rich metallic-blue; crown, hind-neck,
upper, flanks bright olive-green; bright patch chestnut-red
at insertion of wing; under rich-yellow, tail green tipped
yellow; f., sim. Seeds.
[Page 103]
[Illustration: [211] [212] [213] [214] [215] [216]]
=212 Scarlet-chested Grass-Parrot= (Orange-throated,
Splendid), _N. splendida_, N.S.W., V., S., W.A.
v.r. _scrub_ 8
Head, neck beautiful deep-blue; shoulder blue; breast scarlet;
abdomen light-yellow; upper green; f., duller, breast green.
Seeds.
1
1
=213* Swift Parrot= (Red-shouldered), Swift-flying Lorikeet
(e), _Euphema discolor_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A., T.
[~213 _Lathamus discolor._]
Mig. r. _flowering eucalypts_ 9.5
Green; forehead, throat, tip-shoulder, base tail above below,
under-wing red; crown, edge wing blue; f., smaller, duller.
Honey.
1
1
=214* Warbling Grass-Parrot= (Shell-, Canary-, Zebra-),
Betcherrygah, Budgerigar, Love-Bird (Flight-), _Melopsittacus
undulatus_, A. (int.).
Mig. flocks c. _timber_ 7.5
Head, throat yellow; under, rump green; upper green finely
barred black; several dark spots on throat; f., smaller.
Grass-seeds.
1
2
=215 Ground Parrot= (Swamp), _Pezoporus terrestris_, V., S.A.
W.A., T., Bass St. Is.
v.r. u. _sandy_, _swampy_ 13
Green uniformly barred black yellow; forehead scarlet; tail
long; never perches; f., sim. Seeds.
1
1
=216 Night Parrot= (Spinifex), Western Ground Parrakeet,
_Geopsittacus occidentalis_, V., S.A., C.A., W.A., N.W.A.
v.r. u. _swampy_ 10
Like 215, but forehead not red; under base short tail yellow.
F. 77. _Stringopidae_, Owl-Parrot, 2 sp. A. (N.Z.).
====
Australia is well represented in Order XVIII.--Picarian Birds. The
Tawny Frogmouth is one of "the most peculiar," and is the "ugliest of
birds." On account of its wide mouth, it is called the Frogmouth, and
on account of the confusion connecting it with the Boobook Owl, which
calls "Mopoke," this bird is also called the "Mopoke" (see p. 85).
It so closely mimics a broken branch during the day that it is seldom
seen, though it is fairly common.
Gould bears eloquent testimony to the value of Australian birds in
general, and the _Podargus_ in particular, when he says: "In no other
country is there a greater proportion of insectivorous birds, and
certainly none in which nocturnal species such as the Podargi are more
numerous."
The Australian Roller (Dollar-Bird) has the family beauty, and has a
white circular patch on each wing, which shows clearly when the wing
is expanded during flight. At the Tallangatta excursion a pair was
working even after dusk near the schoolground. Flying from the topmost
dead branch, one bird suddenly closed its wings, and cut queer antics
in the air. After flying a considerable distance, it returned to its
former perch, and the mate set off. On the return of the mate the
first set off again, and so on. With their disagreeable, rough "treek
treek," and peculiar antics, they are conspicuous birds. It is our one
representative of a family most strongly developed in Africa.
While Kingfishers are cosmopolitan (world-wide in distribution), yet
the Australian region contains far more of these beautiful birds than
any other region. They are famous in legend and story, and we owe to
them the expression, "halcyon days" (Gr. _alkuon_, a Kingfisher).
The great terrestrial Kingfishers, of which Australia has three
species--the fourth being confined to New Guinea--are amongst the
avine curiosities of Australia. Few birds are more famous than the
Laughing Kingfisher (Jackass), first, on account of his gigantic
size--hence his specific name, _gigas_--and, secondly, because of
his laugh, which brightens many a gloomy, misty day in lonely country
districts. Homesick travellers from foreign lands could only hear
evil spirits laughing at their trials and loneliness, but, just as
mountains, once thought ugly, are now considered beautiful, so
other thoughts are now associated with the laugh of our remarkable
Australian Kingfisher.
True to the law of representatives, Australia presents us with a
beautiful representative of the Old World family of Bee-eaters. A
writer has well said that there are "few so beautiful, and none so
graceful." Its scientific name, _ornatus_, shows that our bird stands
well amongst its fellows. One kind occasionally visits England (about
thirty records in the last hundred years).
In the same order come the Goatsuckers, or Nightjars, wide-mouthed,
swift-flying, insectivorous birds, which have an almost cosmopolitan
range, being absent only from New Zealand and the Polynesian Islands.
These Owl-like birds have very long wings, thus indicating their rapid
flight. They are very valuable insect destroyers, though they are
sometimes called "Night Hawks," and are shot by people who foolishly
shoot hawks. Many destructive insects fly only at night, and these
night-flying birds are a necessity to maintain the balance of Nature.
Swifts are cosmopolitan birds. One Swiftlet is world-famous on account
of its saliva-built nest, which is the edible swallows' nest we used
to read about. This bird occasionally visits Queensland. Two of the
Australian birds breed in Japan. They are essentially creatures of
the air; their long, pointed wings, shown much longer than the tail,
indicate great speed. Gould said that a Swift might be hawking for
insects over Victoria one hour, and over Tasmania the next hour; that
is, it can cross Bass Strait in an hour. The spines at the end of
the short tail feathers are thought to assist as a prop when the bird
settles on a wall or a cliff face. In some Swifts the four toes point
forward; this helps also in cliff clinging. Though so common in the
upper air, Swifts have not, in Victoria, been recorded as having been
seen to alight.
Most birds have hollow bones which are filled with air. It was claimed
by those who like to find a use for everything that this was an
obvious adaptation for purposes of flight, but when one reflects that,
in some of the Ostrich and Emu group, the members of which never fly,
the bones are strongly "pneumatic," while in Terns and Swifts, and
some other flying birds, the bones are solid, one must hesitate before
generalizing even about such an apparently obvious matter. Swifts are
in no way related to Swallows, but are close to Humming Birds, which
are born with a wide, Swift-like mouth.
====
[Page 104]
[Illustration: [217] [218] [219] [220] [221] [222]]
ORDER XVIII.--CORACIIFORMES, PICARIAN BIRDS.
F. 78. _Steatornithidae_, Oil-Bird, Guacharo, 1 sp. Nl.
F. 79. PODARGIDAE (6), FROGMOUTHS, 32 sp.--20(20)A., 12(12)O.
4
7
=217 Tawny Frogmouth= (Tawny-shouldered), Mopoke (e),
_Podargus strigoides_, A.T.
Stat. c. _open forest_ 18
Upper brown freckled grayish-white and darker-brown; wings
lighter, spotted black and buff; tawny patch on wing; tail
tawny-brown barred blackish-brown; wide bill brown; nocturnal;
f., sim. Insects. "Oom, oom."
2
13
=218 Owlet Nightjar= (Little), Banded Goatsucker (e), Moth Owl
(e), _AEgotheles novae-hollandiae_, A., T.
Stat. r. _timber_ 8.5
Blackish-gray; tail faintly banded; obscure collar; short,
wide bill; bristles round bill; nocturnal; f., sim. Insects,
mosquitoes, moths.
F. 80. _Leptosomatidae_, Kirombos, Madagascar Rollers, 2 sp.
E.
[Page 105]
F. 81. CORACIIDAE (1), ROLLERS, 32 sp.--5(5)A., 6(3)O.,
3(0)P., 22(21)E.
1
11
=219* Australian Roller=, Dollar (Star) Bird, _Eurystomus
pacificus_, Cel., Mol., A. exc. S.A., W.A., Lord Howe Is.,
N.Z.
Mig. r. _timber_ 12
Head, upper dark-brown; inner-wing bluish, outer-wing
dark-blue with a silvery-blue patch (dollar); throat
dark-blue; eyelash, wide curved bill, feet red; many shades of
blue and green; abdomen light-green; f., sim. Insects.
F. 82. ALCEDINIDAE (14), KINGFISHERS, 200 sp.--112(105)A.,
52(44)O., 5(0)P., 31(30)E., 3(0)Nc., 11(8)Nl.
3
7
=220* Blue Kingfisher= (Azure, Water, River), _Alcyone
azurea_, E.A., S.A., T.
Mig. r. _water_ 8
Upper ultramarine-blue; behind ear yellowish-white patch;
wings black; throat whitish; under rusty-orange; bill black;
f., sim. Fish, insects.
3
4
=221* Laughing Kingfisher= (Great Brown, Giant), Laughing
Jackass, Bushman's (Settler's) Clock, Kookaburra, _Dacelo
gigas_, E.A., S.A.
Stat. v.c. _timber_ 17.5
Upper, line from bill past eye brown; side-head, under
whitish; blue, white spots on wing; tail barred brown, black,
tipped white; f., sim. Lizards, insects, snakes.
6
71
=222 Red-backed Kingfisher= (Golden), _Halcyon pyrrhopygius_,
A. (interior).
r. _open country_ 8
Back, rump reddish-brown; collar, under white; crown
dull-green streaked white; dark band from bill through
eye round back of head; wings, tail bluish; f., sim. Fish,
insects.
[Page 106]
[Illustration: [223] [224] [225] [226] [227] [228]]
=223* Sacred Kingfisher= (Wood, Forest, Tree), _H. sanctus_,
Cel., Java to A., T., N. Heb.
Mig. c. _timber_, _near water_ 8
Head, upper greenish-blue; whitish collar; buffy-white under;
bill long black; f., sim. Insects, ants, lizards, fish.
F. 83. _Bucerotidae_, Hornbills, 71 sp.--4(4)A., 33(33)O.,
34(34)E.
F. 84. _Upupidae_, Hoopoes, 6 sp.--2(1)O., 2(0)P., 4(3)E.
F. 85. _Irrisoridae_, Wood-Hoopoes, 12 sp. E.
F. 86. MEROPIDAE (1), BEE-EATERS, 41 sp.--5(4)A., 10(6)O.,
2(0)P., 30(27)E.
[Page 107]
1
21
=224* Australian Bee-eater=, Rainbow Bird, Sandpiper (e),
Kingfisher (e), Spinetail, Pintail, _Merops ornatus_, Cel.,
Lesser Sunda Is., Mol., A.
Mig. c. _open forests_ 10
Crown, back, inner-wing brownish-green; wing-quills
orange-brown, tipped black; band on throat blackish; line
below eye, lower-back blue; throat orange; tail black; two
tail feathers longer; curved bill black: f., sim. Insects,
very rarely bees.
F. 87. _Momotidae_, Motmots, 24 sp. Nl.
F. 88. _Todidae_, Todies, 7 sp. Nl. (West Indies).
F. 89. CAPRIMULGIDAE (3), NIGHTJARS, GOATSUCKERS, 124
sp.--11(8)A., 22(17)O., 10(4)P., 30(26)E., 11(5)Nc., 57(51)Nl.
2
3
=225 White-throated Nightjar=, Night Hawk (e), Moth (Fern)
Owl, _Eurostopus albigularis_, N.G., E.A., S.A.
[~225 _Eurostopodus albigularis._]
Stat. r. _open forest_ 13
Upper mottled, striped gray, brown; head darker; wings
dark-brown marked gray, spotted buff, with white patch
(see figure); white patch side of throat; under buff marked
dark-brown; f., sim. Insects. Valuable nocturnal birds.
=226 Spotted Nightjar=, _E. argus_., Aru Is., New Ireland, A.
Stat. r. _open forest_ 12
Like 225, but uniform rusty-brown abdomen and under base tail;
f., sim. Insects. Valuable, nocturnal.
F. 90. _Macropterygidae_, Tree-Swifts, 7 sp.--3(3)A., 4(4)O.
F. 91. CYPSELIDAE (4), SWIFTS, 103 sp.--11(7)A., 33(24)O.,
9(1)P., 28(22)E., 4(0)Nc., 30(26)Nl.
1
34
=227* Spine-tailed Swift=, _Chactura caudacuta_, Sib., Jap.,
China, to A., T., N.Z.
Mig. c. _upper air_ 7.5
Throat, forehead, back edge wing, flanks, under base
tail white; wings, tail deep shining-green; under, back
grayish-brown; short tail ends in spines; f. smaller. Flying
insects.
1
25
=228 White-rumped Swift= (Australian), _Cypselus pacificus_,
E. Sib., Jap., Indo-China to A., T., N.Z.
[~228 _Apus pacificus._]
Mig. r. _upper air_ 7
Upper brownish-black; rump, throat white; under brown; long
forked tail; indistinct collar; f., sim. Flying insects.
F. 92. _Trochilidae_, Humming-Birds, 581 sp.--18 (5) Nc.,
576(563)Nl.
F. 93. _Coliidae_, Mouse-Birds, 14 sp. E.
F. 94. _Trogonidae_, Trogons, 54 sp.--16(16)O., 4(4)E.,
1(0)Nc., 34(33)Nl.
====
Few birds have attracted more notice, or have been more written about,
than Cuckoos. To dwellers in lands with a dreary winter, the Cuckoo
heralds the spring, so its call is most welcome. Then, too, the
mysteries connected with its upbringing have proved of interest to
all Nature and bird lovers. Its call, "Cuckoo," aptly described as the
"most imitable of bird calls," has also assisted in making the bird a
favorite.
The Pallid Cuckoo belongs to the same genus as the well-known Cuckoo
of England. It also resembles that bird in appearance. Its note,
however, is quite different. At times it seems to be endeavoring to
run up a chromatic scale, so, in some districts, it is called the
Scale Bird. At other times, after three running notes, it repeats one
note strongly. So persistent is it in calling that it is called in
places the Brain-fever Bird. Last September, in Castlemaine, it called
all night in the street trees. Few, however, seemed to notice it, and
fewer still knew what was uttering the persistent call.
Possibly other birds recognize the Cuckoo as an enemy, or possibly its
remarkable superficial resemblance to a Hawk causes birds to chase it.
However, in some cases, possibly, the male Cuckoo does not object to
being chased. He draws the birds away, while the female Cuckoo quietly
places an egg in a convenient nest, and retires unmolested.
The Fan-tailed or Ash-colored Cuckoo is not so conspicuous, as it
keeps to more secluded places, and is a solitary bird. Its flight is
heavy and labored. It also has a habit of elevating and lowering
its tail several times both before and after flight. Its frequent,
plaintive, trilling note often reveals its presence, which would
otherwise be overlooked.
The Brush Cuckoo is rare. In fact, considerable difficulty was
experienced in obtaining a specimen for the photograph above, as
there was no named specimen in the National Museum. Thanks to Messrs.
Kershaw and French, the difficulty was at last overcome.
The Bronze Cuckoos are very similar. They will be immediately
recognized by the under-surface barred brown and white, and the
golden-green or bronze lustre of the dark back. The New Zealand
Bronze-Cuckoo migrates from N.E. Australia and New Guinea. Apparently
it sometimes migrates down the East Coast, instead of to New Zealand.
The Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo has a narrower bill, and the centre
tail feathers are brownish-chestnut at the base. While the birds are
so similar, their eggs are quite unlike. The Bronze Cuckoo lays a
bronze egg, generally in dome-shaped or covered nests. It is
sometimes found in Tits' nests. The Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo has a
red-speckled egg, which is placed often in an open or cup-shaped nest.
The last Cuckoo--the Channel-bill--is one of the largest of Cuckoos.
It is a northern bird, which very rarely reaches the southern part of
the continent. Its large bill is characteristic. Its tail is large,
and often spread out fanwise, thus giving a majestic appearance to
the bird. Its call is not pleasing, as it is described by Gould as a
"frightful scream," and again as consisting of "awful notes." It lays
its eggs sometimes in the nest of a Sparrowhawk (not Kestrel), or in
the nest of a Magpie, Bell-Magpie (_Strepera_), or even of a Crow. It
appears with the first flood-waters, and follows the rivers from the
Gulf of Carpentaria watershed down to Cooper's Creek and Lake Eyre.
One large Australian Cuckoo builds its own nest, and rears its own
young. This bird, however, does not visit Southern Australia.
In addition to the interest of their habits and life history, Cuckoos
are amongst the most valuable of insectivorous birds. Few birds will
eat the vine caterpillar or hairy caterpillar. The Cuckoos, however,
are very fond of these, and so should be encouraged. They do no harm
to anything we need.
====
[Page 108]
[Illustration: [229] [230] [231] [232]]
ORDER XIX.--COCCYGES.
F. 95. _Musophagidae_, Plantain-eaters, Touracos, 35 sp. E.
F. 96. CUCULIDAE (14), CUCKOOS (Cuckows), 202 sp.--61(50)A.,
57(42)O., 8(0)P., 55(51)E., 8(0)Nc., 43(35)Nl.
[Page 109]
2
11
=229* Pallid Cuckoo= (Unadorned), Harbinger-of-Spring, Scale
(Semitone, Brain-fever, Storm) Bird, Mosquito (Grasshopper)
Hawk, _Cuculus inornatus_, A., T. =vt Eur. Cuckoo.
[~229 _Cuculus pallidus._]
Mig. v.c. _open_, _timber_ 12
Upper brown; under gray; tail barred white, brown; eyelash
yellow; white at edge wing; wing spotted, marked lighter; f.,
upper mottled whitish, rufous. Caterpillars, insects. Runs up
scale, calls frequently at night.
3
13
=230* Fan-tailed Cuckoo=, Ash-colored, _Cacomantis rufulus
(flabelliformis)_, Aru Is., A., T.
Mig. c. _open_, _timber_ 10
Head, upper dark slate-gray; under rust-red; throat gray;
tail dark toothed with white; white edge of wing; eyelash
citron-yellow; f., smaller. Caterpillars, insects. Sad trill
often repeated.
=231 Square-tailed Cuckoo= (Brush), _C. flabelliformis
(variolosus)_, Mol., Timor, N.G., A.
Mig. v.r. _open timber_ 9.2
Like 230, but smaller; tail feathers toothed with white on
inner web only; f., sim. Insects.
1
1
=232 Black-eared Cuckoo=, _Mesocalius palliolatus_, Mol., Aru
Is., A.
[~232 _Misocalius palliolatus._]
Mig. v.r. _scrub_ 7.5
Head, upper, wings glossy olive-brown; shoulder darker; tail
olive-brown tipped white; side tail feather five white bars;
behind ear a narrow black streak; above this a lighter patch;
under pale-brown; f., duller. Insects. Feeble plaintive note.
[Page 110]
[Illustration: [233] [234] [235] [236]]
5
15
=233 Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo=, _Chalcococcyx basalis_,
Mal. Pen., Java, Cel., to A., T.
Mig. c. _open_, _timber_ 6.2
Upper beautiful bronze-green; under barred brown, white; like
234 but bill narrower; lighter brown head; paler back; outer
tail feathers strongly barred blackish-brown, white; centre
abdomen not barred; base tail much chestnut; f., duller.
Insects, caterpillars.
[Page 111]
=234 Broad-billed Bronze Cuckoo= (New Zealand, Shining),
Pipiwharauroa, _C. lucidus_, E.A., T., N.Z., Chatham Is.,
Macquarie Is. (acc).
Mig. v.r. _open_, _timber_ 6.2
Like 233, but outer tail feathers barred white; next feathers
barred rufous; forehead freckled with white; crown, hind-neck
shining-green; bill broader; f., duller. Insects.
=235* Bronze Cuckoo=, _C. plagosus_, A., T., Pac. Is.
Mig. c. _open_, _timber_ 6.2
Like 233, 234; crown, hind-neck dark violet-brown; very little
rufous on tail; f., duller. Insects, caterpillars.
1
1
=236 Channel-bill=, Giant Cuckoo, Storm (Flood, Rain) Bird,
Toucan (e), Hornbill (e), _Scythrops novae-hollandiae_, Cel.,
Flores, Mol., A., T. (once).
Mig. r. _plains_ 24
Gray; tail banded black; tipped white barred black, white
below; bill very large, light horn-color; red about eye; f.,
smaller. Insects, berries.
F. 97. _Indicatoridae_, Honey-Guides, 18 sp.--2(2)O., 16(16)E.
F. 98. _Capitonidae_, Barbets, 140 sp.--40(40)O., 82(82)E.,
18(18)Nl.
F. 99. _Rhamphastidae_, Toucans, 60 sp. Nl.
F. 100. _Galbulidae_, Jacamars, 22 sp. Nl.
F. 101. _Bucconidae_, Puff Birds, 45 sp. Nl.
F. 102. _Picidae_, Woodpeckers, Piculets, Wrynecks, Flickers,
440 sp.--6(5)A., 124(117)O., 41(33)P., 54(53)E., 44(32)Nc.,
197(181)Nl.
F. 103. _Eurylaemidae_, Broadbills, 16 sp. O. The only family
of birds restricted to the Oriental Region.
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