A., T., N.Z., almost cos. exc. S. Am., Arctic, and Pac. Is.
[~114 _Egatheus falcinellus._]
Nom. flocks, v.r. _swampy_ 25
Head, neck, breast, back, under rich reddish-chestnut;
lower-back, tail dark bronze-green; winter; head, neck
streaked white; f., sim. Insects, worms.
F. 51. PLATALEIDAE (2), SPOONBILLS, 6 sp.--2(2)A., 2(0)O.,
2(0)P., 2(1)E., 1(0)Nc., 1(0)Nl.
1
4
=115 Black-billed Spoonbill= (Royal), _Platalea regia_, A.,
N.Z.
Nom. r. _marshy_ 29
White; bill, legs, feet black; f., sim. Shellfish, frogs.
[Page 55]
[Illustration: [128] [129] [131] [133] [134] [135] [136] [137] [139]]
=128= Cape Barren Goose
=129= Maned Goose
=131= Plumed Whistling Duck
=133= Black Duck
=134= Australian Teal
=135= Gray Teal
=136= Australian Shoveller
=137= Pink-eared Duck
=139= White-eyed Duck
[Page 57]
[Illustration: [152] [155] [157] [158] [165] [167] [170] [172] [173]]
=152= Allied Harrier
=155= Australian Goshawk
=157= Collared Sparrowhawk
=158= Wedge-tailed Eagle
=165= Black-shouldered Kite
=167= Black-cheeked Falcon
=170= Little Falcon
=172= Brown Hawk
=173= Nankeen Kestrel
[Page 60]
[Illustration: [116] [117] [118] [121] [122]]
1
1
=116 Yellow-billed Spoonbill=, _Platibis flavipes_, A.
Nom. r. _swamps_ 28
White; bill, legs, feet yellow; f., sim. Shellfish, frogs,
F. 52. CICONIIDAE (1), STORK (JABIRU), 19 sp.--2(0)A.,
10(6)O., 4(1)P., 8(4)E., 2(0)Nc., 3(1)Nl.
F. 53. _Scopidae_, Hammer-Head, 1 sp. E.
F. 54. _Balaenicipitidae_, Shoe-bird, Shoebill, Whaleheaded
Stork, 1 sp. E. (Upper White Nile).
F. 55. ARDEIDAE (16), HERONS, 107 sp.--32(16)A., 27(4)O.,
21(1)P., 25(14)E., 17(4)Nc., 33(20)Nl.
1
3
=117 Plumed Egret=, _Mesophoyx plumifera_, Cel., Mol., N.G., A.
[~117 _Egretta plumifera._]
Nom. v.r. _swamps_ 24
White; bill yellow; feet, lower legs black, above "knee"
yellow; f., sim. Insects.
1
3
=118 Australian White Egret= (Great), White Crane (e),
_Herodias timoriensis_, Jap., China, Philippines to A., T., N.Z.
[~118 _Egretta timoriensis._]
Nom. v.r. _lagoons_ 30
"This noble species;" white; bill beautiful orange; legs above
"knee" and line down centre of inner shin dull yellow; rest of
shin, feet black; naked space about eye greenish-yellow; f.,
sim. Fish, frogs, insects.
2
4
=119* White-fronted Heron=, Blue-Crane (e), Matuku, _Notophoyx
novae-hollandiae_, Cel., Mol., N.G., A., T., N.Z.
Nom. v.c. _about water_ 24
Face, throat white; upper, wings dark-gray; under gray tinged
rufous; f., sim. Insects, crabs, yabbies.
=120 White-necked Heron= (Pacific), White-necked Crane (e),
_N. pacifica_, A., T.
Stat. r. _swamps_ 30
Head, neck, breast, shoulder white; under, wings, tail upper
blackish; f., smaller. Frogs, insects.
[Page 61]
[Illustration: [119] [120] [123] [124] [125]]
1
2
=121 Lesser Egret= (Little, Spotless), _Garzetta nigripes_,
Malay to N.G., A.
[~121 _Egretta nigripes._]
Nom. r. _swamps_ 22
White; 2 long plumes from nape; feet, legs totally black; bill
black; f., sim. Frogs, insects.
1
1
=122 Reef Heron= (White, Blue, Sacred), _Demiegretta sacra_,
Jap., Ind. to A., T., N.Z.
[~122 _Demigretta sacra._]
Stat. r. _coast_ 23
Dark slaty-gray; bill yellowish-green; some birds are white;
f., sim. Crabs, shellfish.
1
8
=123* Nankeen Night Heron=, Nankeen Crane (e), _Nycticorax
caledonicus_, Cel., N.G., A., T., N.Z. =vt. Eur. Night Heron.
Frogs, insects, yabbies.
Mig. c. _swamps_ 19
Nocturnal; crown, nape black; long white plumes from
nape; upper rich chestnut; abdomen white; neck, chest
reddish-chestnut; f., sim.; young mottled brown, buff.
2
10
=124 Minute Bittern=, Kaoriki, _Ardetta pusilla_, A., N.Z.,
=vt. Eur. Little Bittern.
[~124 _Ixobrychus pusillus._]
Stat. v.r. _swamps_ 10
Crown, back, tail greenish-black; under pale-buff; hind-neck,
shoulder deep-chestnut; bill, feet yellow; dark line from chin
to lower breast; f., smaller; upper brown streaked chestnut;
tail black; under white streaked brown. Water-animals.
1
5
=125* Australian Bittern= (Black-backed), Boomer, Bull-Bird.
Matuku-Lurepo, _Botaurus poeciloptilus_, A. T., N. Cal., N.Z.
=vt. Eur. Bittern.
Stat. r. _reeds_ 24
Head, hind-neck, back dark-brown; wings brown marked buff;
throat, under creamy-buff streaked dark-brown; bill yellow;
f., smaller. Fish, frogs, yabbies, insects.
F. 56. _Palamedeidae_, Screamers, Unicorn-Bird, 3 sp. Nl.
F. 57. _Phoenicopteridae_, Flamingoes, 6 sp.--2(0)O., 1(0)P.,
2(0)E., 1(0)Nc., 4(3)Nl.
====
Swans, Geese, and Ducks, the Swimming Birds grouped in Order XIII.,
are all classified in one family, though there are many sub-families.
At the head of the Australian birds is the Black Swan--that _rara
avis_ which, possibly, has done more to advertize Australia than
any other Australian animal or plant. A "black" swan was an
"impossibility," so this bird was one of the strongest factors
in establishing Australia's reputation as a land of paradoxes and
contradictions.
The Black Swan is well known outside Australia, as it is common
in every park and garden in Europe. Gould feared that it would be
exterminated here, but fortunately Australians are now learning to
appreciate their own land, and there is no danger of such a calamity.
Eight species of Swans are known to occur all over the world with the
exception of New Zealand and Africa.
In the next sub-family there is but one bird--the Semipalmated Goose
of Australia. This bird, better known as the Magpie Goose, has its
feet but half-webbed, hence its specific name, _semipalmata_. It is
getting rare, though I heard of six near Colac recently.
Again, the only living representative of the next sub-family is the
Cape Barren Goose, which is common in city gardens in Adelaide. It
is also becoming rare. It is found only in Tasmania, the Bass Strait
Islands, and Southern Australia. We visited its nesting place near
Flinders Island. It is a very pugnacious bird, so it is difficult to
keep with other birds.
After the Goose sub-family comes the group which includes our
"Wood Duck," or, as it is called, the Maned Goose, for its bill is
goose-like. It is a common bird in Australia. Two allied genera are
found in South America and North-east Africa respectively.
In the next sub-family come the domestic Ducks and most of the wild
Ducks of Australia. This group is often referred to as the "Freshwater
or River Ducks."
First come two kinds of Whistling Ducks--so called on account of their
whistling note uttered while flying. These are rare Ducks, one of
which is found as far as India; the other is occasionally seen in
New Zealand, as well as in Australia. The Sheldrake, or Shieldrake
(Mountain Duck) is the largest Australian Duck, and one of the most
handsome of the sub-family. It is nowhere very plentiful, though one
or more pairs appear in most suitable localities. As it is unfit for
the table, it should be spared as an ornament to the landscape.
The Black Duck is very similar to the common wild Duck (Mallard) of
England. Our Black Duck does not change color with the season, nor is
the male different in color from the female.
The Australian Teal is closely similar to the Teal of Europe. It is a
grass feeder, and is a good table bird. The female is very different
from the male. It is impossible to distinguish the male Gray Teal from
the female Teal when in the free state. Mr. Keartland (ex-President of
the Field Naturalist Club, and ornithologist to the Horn and Calvert
exploring expeditions) has shown that there is a big difference in
weight. The male of the smaller Gray Teal is not brightly colored like
the male Chestnut-breasted Teal.
The remarkable Shoveller comes next. It is closely similar to the
English Shoveller. Strange that this name was first used for the
Spoonbill. The Shovellers are found the world over. The males are very
brightly colored in the nesting season.
Unlike most other birds, Swans and Ducks lose the whole of their wing
feathers at once when moulting, so that for a short time they cannot
fly. As a protection, the gaudy ones acquire a quiet, inconspicuous
coloration for a time, so that the male is said to get an "eclipse
plumage." Many other birds get a bright dress for the breeding season
only, but the male Duck wears his bright dress for the whole year,
except in the moulting period. It is then "eclipsed," with the
corresponding advantage that he is protected from his many enemies at
a time when he is most helpless.
The remarkable Pink-eared Duck has no close relative. It has a small
pink spot between the eye and ear, and so is called pink-eyed or
pink-eared. It is found only in Australia. The female is similar in
color to the male. The name Wigeon, or Widgeon, sometimes applied to
this Duck, properly belongs to another of the fresh-water Ducks which
is not found in Australia. Hence, this name should not be used for our
bird.
Another peculiar Australian Duck is the Freckled Duck. It is a
very rare bird. One taken on the ornithologists' excursion to Eyre
Peninsula was considered a prize. So far as is known, it does not
change color with the season, nor has the male or female the usual
bright metallic patch seen on the wing of a Duck.
The "Salt-water Ducks" form the next sub-family. These Ducks, though,
are not always true to name, for they are not confined to the salt
water. The Victorian representative is the well-known White-eyed
Duck, or Hardhead. This Duck was common on the Botanic Gardens
Lake, Melbourne, until it was emptied some time ago. Thus, our
one "Salt-water Duck" was often seen on fresh water. In the same
sub-family come the Eider-Ducks of Iceland and the Logger-head,
Racehorse, or Steamer Duck, of Magellan Straits, which is said to lose
the power of flight on reaching maturity after the first moult. Thus
the life-history tells us that this bird is a degenerate form, and
not a primitive flightless form, for it has evidently descended from
flying ancestors. It uses its wings to row itself along at great
speed.
The ninth sub-family of this group of swimming birds contains two
native Ducks. The Blue-billed Duck, the first of these, is "especially
adapted for immersion and for obtaining its food from the bottom of
the water rather than on its surface." It was thought by Gould to be
confined to the coastal lagoons of Western Australia, but it has since
been recorded from inland in Victoria, and four specimens have been
taken in Tasmania. It remains under the water for a considerable time,
and, if hunted, flaps along the surface with its short wings, but
hesitates to exercise its "feeble grebe-like flight."
Some writers declare that the large Musk Duck is the most remarkable
of the many remarkable birds of Australia. It is the only known
species of the genus, and is "singularly different from every other
member of the Duck family," as Gould points out. Gould further says
that "this extraordinary bird reminds one of the Cormorants. Like many
other of these antipodean forms, it must be regarded as an anomaly."
The male has a lengthened, stiff, and leather-like appendage under the
bill. The female is without this pouch, and is but half the size
of the male. A pair is often to be seen on a sheltered bay or on an
inland dam, and yet this bird has very feeble powers of flight. It is
difficult to cause one to take to flight. Mr. A. J. Campbell summed
up an instructive discussion on this point in the columns of _The
Australasian_ by concluding that Musk Ducks can fly, though they do so
almost entirely at night.
====
[Page 62]
[Illustration: [126] [127] [128] [129] [130]]
ORDER XIII.--ANSERIFORMES.
F. 58. ANATIDAE (21), SWANS, GEESE, 206 sp.--39(30)A.,
50(9)O., 68(10)P., 41(21)E., 56(11)Nc., 70(39)Nl.
1
1
=126 Black Swan=, _Chenopsis atrata_, A., T.
[~126 _Chenopis atrata._]
Stat. c. _lakes_ 40
Black; white on wing; very long neck; f., sim. Plants.
[Page 63]
1
1
=127 Pied Goose= (Magpie, Black and White, Semipalmated),
_Anseranas semipalmata_, A., T.
Stat. v.r. _water_ 32
Head, neck, wings, lower-back, tail, thighs black; rest white;
feet half-webbed; f., sim. Grass.
1
1
=128* Cape Barren Goose=, _Cereopsis novae-hollandiae_, V.,
S.A., W.A., T., Bass St. Is.
Stat. v.r. _grass_, _coast_ 33
Brownish-gray; dark spots on wing; bill black; naked skin
round bill lemon-yellow; legs pinkish; toes, webs, streak up
front of leg black; pugnacious; f., sim. Grass.
1
1
=129* Maned Goose=, Wood-Duck (e), _Chenonetta jubata_, A., T.
Stat. c. _water_ 20
Crown deep-brown; tail, lower-back black; metallic green on
wing; breast gray spotted black; hind-neck short black plumes;
white patch on wing; bill olive-brown, high, goose-like; f.,
smaller; duller; breast spotted white. Grass, snails, insects.
2
9
=130 Whistling Duck= (Tree), _Dendrocygna arcuata_, Ind.,
Malay to Cel., Mol., N.G., A., Oceania.
Stat. r. _water_ 17
Crown, upper brownish-black marked lighter; chin whitish;
breast deep-buff, spotted black; abdomen chestnut; under base
tail white; whistles when flying; f., sim. Water-plants, fish.
[Page 64]
[Illustration: [131] [132] [133] [134] [135]]
=131* Plumed Whistling Duck= (Eyton Tree), _D. eytoni_, A.,
T., N.Z.
Stat. r. _lagoons_ 16
Upper grayish-brown; rump, tail blackish-brown; lower-breast,
flanks chestnut barred black; white, black plumes on flanks;
under base tail white; whistles when flying; f., sim.
Water-plants, fish.
[Page 65]
2
5
=132 Australian Sheldrake=, Chestnut-colored Shieldrake,
Mountain Duck, _Casarca tadornoides_, N.S.W., V., T., S.A.,
W.A., N.W.A. =vt. Eur. Sheldrake.
[~132 _Tadorna tadornoides._]
Stat. r. _lagoons_ 27
Head, neck shining-green; chest, upper-back pale rust-red;
white band between green and rust-red; upper, under blackish;
tail black; white, green, chestnut on wing; f., smaller,
duller. Small fish, shellfish.
1
16
=133* Black Duck= (Australian Wild, Gray, Brown), Parera,
_Anas superciliosa_, =vt. Eur. Mallard. Sunda Is. to N.G., A.,
T., N.Z.
Stat. v.c. _water_ 24
Head dark-brown; line above eye, line below eye, throat
light-buff; upper, under brown marked lighter; glossy-green
patch on wing; bill bluish lead-color; f., sim. Grass,
insects, pond-snails.
3
15
=134* Australian Teal= (Chestnut-breasted, Black, Mountain),
Tete, _Nettium castaneum_, Java, Cel., A., T., N.Z. =vt. Eur. Teal.
[~134 _Nettion castaneum._]
Stat. c. _lagoons_ 18.5
Head, neck dark bronze-green; upper rich brown; under
chestnut; flanks spotted black; white, green patch on expanded
wing; quills black; 1 lb. 9 oz.; f., head, neck brown and
buffy-white; breast gray, spotted black; 1 lb. 8 oz. Grass.
=135* Gray Teal=, Wood-Teal, _N. gibberifrons_, Sunda Is.,
Cel., N.G., A., T., N.Z.
Stat. c. _lagoons_ 16
Like female of 134, but smaller; neck white; 1 lb. 2 oz.; f.,
smaller; 1 lb. 1 oz.
[Page 66]
[Illustration: [136] [137] [138] [139] [140] [141]]
2
4
=136* Australian Shoveller=, Bluewing, Spoonbill-Duck,
Stinker, Kuruwhengi, _Spatula rhynchotis_, A., T., N.Z., =vt.
Eur. Shoveller.
Nom. v.r. _freshwater_ 21.5
Crown brownish-black; white line before eye, side of neck;
head, neck gray tinged green; under chestnut-brown mottled
black; flanks chestnut banded black; back-feathers blackish
edged grayish; blue, white, green on wing; throat black;
quills dark-brown; under-wing white; f., duller; head, neck
buff marked brown; under mottled brown, buff. Water-plants,
shellfish, insects.
[Page 67]
1
1
=137* Pink-eared Duck= (Pink-eyed, Zebra), Widgeon (e),
_Malacorhynchus membranaceus_, A., T.
Nom. v.r. _fresh water_ 17
Under barred brown, white; face, chin white; black round eye;
behind eye a spot of rose-pink; back, wings brown; upper
base tail whitish; tail dark-brown slightly tipped white; f.,
smaller. Water-animals.
1
1
=138 Freckled Duck= (Monkey), _Stictonetta naevosa_, V., S.A.,
W.A., T., N.S.W.
v.r. _water_ 17
Dark-brown freckled whitish, under lighter. Small fish,
pond-snails.
1
8
=139* White-eyed Duck= (Purple-headed, White-winged),
Hardhead, Brownhead, Barwing, Karakahia, _Aythya australis_,
N.G., A., T., N.Z., =vt. Canvas-back of N. Am.
[~139 _Nyroca australis._]
c. _lagoons_, _bays_ 20
Chestnut-brown; white patch on wing; upper abdomen whitish;
under tail white; eye white; f., smaller, duller. Pond-snails,
insects.
1
7
=140 Blue-billed Duck= (Spiny-tailed, Stiff-tailed, Diving),
_Erismatura australis_, N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A., T.
[~140 _Oxyura australis._]
v.r. _reedbeds_ 16
Head, neck black; chest, back, flanks chestnut; tail blackish;
bill light-blue; f., bill olive-green; freckled gray-brown;
under lighter. Insects, pond-snails, fish.
1
1
=141 Musk Duck= (Must), Mould Goose (e), _Biziura lobata_,
S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A., T.
Stat. c. _lagoons_, _bays_ 26
Blackish freckled buffy-white; wings small; long stiff
tail-feathers; bill, lobe beneath chin greenish-black; dives;
f., half-size; duller; no lobe. Frogs, shellfish, shrimps.
====
There are six families of birds included in Order XIV.--the
Totally-webbed Swimmers. All four toes are joined by a web. Ducks
have three toes only joined by the web, the hind toe being free.
Representatives of the six families are found in Australia. These
birds are fishers _par excellence_.
In the first family come the well-known Cormorants or Shags, birds
found in almost every country in the world. Forty-two species are
known, of which five occur in Australia.
The large Black Cormorant is the common Black Cormorant of Britain.
It has a very extensive range over North America, Greenland, Europe,
Africa, Asia, and Australia.
The little Black Cormorant is found in Australia, from the Moluccas to
Borneo, and in New Zealand. Indeed, New Zealand is the stronghold of
Cormorants, as it possesses many species.
The White-breasted and Pied Cormorants are so closely similar that
possibly they will yet prove to be one species. Each is glistening
white below, and jet black above. The bill is said to be longer in the
Pied Cormorant, and the patch of naked skin near the eye is yellow,
whereas, in the White-breasted Cormorant, this patch is said to be
blackish or purplish. The Little Cormorant is also black and white.
Its throat and upper chest are yellow.
Mr. Mattingley, C.M.Z.S., and others claim that the Cormorant, by
feeding its young on yabbies, which, they say, prey on fish eggs,
saves many more fish in the young stage than it ever eats in the adult
stage, and hence it is really "a friend" of the anglers and fish. One
thing is certain--fish were formerly much more abundant, and so were
Cormorants. Anglers, collect evidence, and balance good with evil.
Cormorants have a long, narrow bill, with a strongly-hooked tip. They
are such expert fishers that in China they are much used to catch
fish. Some will probably be surprised to learn that this custom
formerly held in England, for the "Master of the Cormorants" was once
one of the officers of the Royal household.
Some Cormorants nest in company in the Murray swamps, while others
retire to a rocky island, such as Storehouse Island, east of Flinders
Island, to breed.
These birds are expert swimmers and divers, so that one of the common
names for them is "Diver," but the true Divers, as already pointed
out, are Northern Hemisphere birds, and are placed in Family 25.
The Darter, or Snake Bird, is practically identical with the
Water-Turkey of the United States. Sometimes, when alarmed, it
submerges its body, leaving the head and neck exposed. It swims
rapidly in this position. Four of these birds are known, and they are
spread over America, Africa, Madagascar, Southern Asia, New Guinea,
Australia, and New Zealand. The Darter was frequently seen on a recent
trip to Enoggera Reservoir, the storage basin for Brisbane. The long,
stiletto-like bill is used to impale its prey, while the flexible neck
assists the spearing operation.
The next family contains the famous "Boobies" of sailors--the stupid
Gannets, or Solan Geese, that were too stupid to escape from danger.
Gould says our Gannet out-boobies the Booby, for he landed on a flat
rock and secured five specimens by hand before the rest shuffled over
the edge of the cliff and took flight. The Australian bird can scarcely
be distinguished from its British cousin. It is common in Australian
seas, where it can be seen diving for fish or flying swiftly round
looking for prey. There is a large Gannet rookery on Cat Island, east
of Flinders Island, where probably 4000 pairs of these fine birds nest
each year. This was visited by a party of ornithologists in the
_Manawatu_ in 1908.
The famous Frigate-Bird we read of in the old school readers was
twice taken in Port Phillip Bay. It is the best of flyers, as it can
"breakfast on the Senegal (Africa), and dine on the Amazon." The
two Frigate-Birds are common in Australian tropical seas. As already
mentioned we met the Frigate Bird on Mast Head Island. Its wings are
long, the forked tail also is long, but the legs and feet are very
small. It is a creature of the air, and gets its living by compelling
hard-working sea-birds to disgorge their prey.
The last bird in this varied Order is the Pelican. Our Australian
Pelican is one of the largest of its tribe. Its enormous pouch
distinguishes it at once. The ten Pelicans are practically world-wide
in their distribution. On the trip of the _Manawatu_ last year round
the islands of Bass Strait, we visited the Pelicans' nesting-place on
Penguin Island. This bird is practically identical with the "Pelican
of the wilderness" mentioned in Holy Writ. The Pelican enjoys a
reputation for maternal care of her offspring; indeed, she was said to
feed the young with her own blood. This was probably due to the fact
that one species of Pelican has a blood-red tip to the bill.
Young Pelicans have not the long bill or the pouch. Thus this bird
illustrates the truth of the statement that each animal in its
development climbs its own ancestral tree, or, to say it in another
form, each animal in its development recapitulates the life-history
of the race. The Pelican has evidently descended from birds that
possessed a short bill.
====
[Page 68]
[Illustration: [142] [143] [144] [145] [146]]
ORDER XIV.--PELICANIFORMES.
F. 59. PHALACROCORACIDAE (5), CORMORANTS, 42 sp.--16(14)A.,
6(2)O., 7(3)P., 6(5)E., 10(4)Nc., 9(6)Nl.
5
42
=142 Cormorant= (Black), Black Shag, _Phalacrocorax carbo_.,
A., T., N.Z., cos. exc. S. Am.
[~142-146 _Genus, Carbo._]
c. _lagoons_, _sea_ 35
Glossy blackish-green; side of neck, face buffy white; white
on thighs; f., sim. Fish.
[Page 69]
=143 Little Black Cormorant=, Shag, _P. sulcirostris_, Borneo
to N.G., A., T., N.Z.
[~142-146 _Genus, Carbo._]
c. _lagoons_, _rivers_ 25
Glossy greenish-black, about eye and side of neck lighter; f.,
sim. Fish, frogs.
=144 White-breasted Cormorant=, Black and White Shag, Diver
(e), _P. gouldi_, Louisiade Is., A., T.
[~142-146 _Genus, Carbo._]
Stat. c. _shores_, _rivers_ 30
Upper greenish-black, under glistening-white; naked skin about
eye purple; hooked bill 2in.; f., sim. Fish.
=145 Pied Cormorant=, Black and White Shag, Diver (e), _P.
hypoleucus_, S.Q., N.S.W., V., S.A., W.A., N.W.A.
[~142-146 _Genus, Carbo._]
Stat. v.c. _bays_ 30
Like 144, but bare space in front of eye orange, bill 2.7in.;
f., sim. Fish.
=146 Little Cormorant=, Frilled Shag, _P. melanoleucus_, Sunda
Is., Mol., N.G., A., T., N.Z.
[~142-146 _Genus, Carbo._]
Stat. pairs, r. _inlets_, _rivers_ 23
Upper black; under white; upper breast chestnut; f., sim.
Fish, water-insects.
[Page 70]
[Illustration: [147] [148] [148^A] [149] [150]]
F. 60. PLOTIDAE (1), DARTERS, Water-Turkey, 4 sp.--2(1)A.,
1(0)O., 2(0)P., 1(0)E., 1(0)Nc., 1(0)Nl.
1
4
=147 Australian Darter=, Snake-bird, Diver (e), Shag (e),
_Plotus (Anhinga) novae-hollandiae_, N.G., A., N.Z.
r. _lagoons_, _bays_ 36
Head, long thin neck, upper, under greenish-black; white patch
side of neck; wings spotted whitish; bill straight, sharp;
tail long; f., light-brown neck, breast. Fish.
[Page 71]
F. 61. SULIDAE (4), GANNETS, Booby, Solan Goose, 11
sp.--4(1)A., 3(0)O., 1(0)P., 3(1)E., 6(1)Nc., 5(2)Nl.
4
11
=148 Australian Gannet=, Takupu, _Sula serrator_, A., T., N.Z.