Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum
of earthly bliss.
Milton.
5. (Arith.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out.
Macaulay.
A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point
is ipso facto fatal to the whole.
Gladstone.
A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums.
Dickens.
Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of
two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as
+ or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the
algebraic sum of - 2, 8, and -1 is 5. -- In sum, in short; in brief.
[Obs.] "In sum, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to our
conduct, and forbids every sin." Rogers.
Sum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Summing.] [Cf. F.
sommer, LL. summare.] 1. To bring together into one whole; to collect
into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the
totality of; -- usually with up.
The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum
up the moments, than divide the day.
Bacon.
2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few
words; to condense; -- usually with up.
"Go to the ant, thou sluggard," in few words sums up the moral of
this fable.
L'Estrange.
He sums their virtues in himself alone.
Dryden.
3. (Falconry) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with
complete, or full-grown, plumage.
But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings].
Milton.
Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a
summary.
Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.
{ Su"mac, Su"mach } (?), n. [F. sumac, formerly sumach (cf. Sp.
zumaque), fr. Ar. summq.] [Written also shumac.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of
the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually compound leaves and
clusters of small flowers. Some of the species are used in tanning,
some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese Rhus
vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer.
2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain
species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing.
Poison sumac. (Bot.) See under Poison.
Su*ma"tran (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants. --
n. A native of Sumatra.
Sum"bul (?), n. [Pers.] The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous
plant, Ferula Sumbul. It is used in medicine as a stimulant. [Written
also sumbal.] - - Sum*bul"ic, a.
Sum"less (?), a. Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the
amount can not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable. "Sumless
treasure." Pope.
Sum"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a summary manner.
Sum"ma*rist (?), n. One who summarized.
Sum"ma*rize (?), v. t. To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to
present briefly. Chambers.
Sum"ma*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. sommaire. See Sum.] 1. Formed into a sum;
summed up; reduced into a narrow compass, or into few words; short;
brief; concise; compendious; as, a summary statement of facts.
2. Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed; as, a summary process;
to take summary vengeance.
Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.
Sum"ma*ry, n.; pl. Summaries (#). [F. sommaire, or L. summarium. See
Summary, a.] A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account;
an abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance
of a fuller account.
Sum*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sommation. See Sum, v. t.] The act of
summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also, an aggregate.
Of this series no summation is possible to a finite intellect.
De Quincey.
Sum"mer (?), n. [From Sum, v.] One who sums; one who casts up an
account.
Sum"mer, n. [F. sommier a rafter, the same word as sommier a beast of
burden. See Sumpter.] (Arch.) A large stone or beam placed horizontally
on columns, piers, posts, or the like, serving for various uses.
Specifically: (a) The lintel of a door or window. (b) The commencement
of a cross vault. (c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece
reaching from a wall to a girder. Called also summertree.
Sum"mer, n. [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin to OFries. sumur,
D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. & Icel. sumar, Dan. sommer, Sw.
sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr. sam year. √292.] The season of
the year in which the sun shines most directly upon any region; the
warmest period of the year.
North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the months of
June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be considered, in the
northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about June
21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox, about September 22d.
Indian summer, in North America, a period of warm weather late in
autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and by a hazy or smoky
appearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is
derived probably from the custom of the Indians of using this time in
preparation for winter by laying in stores of food. -- Saint Martin's
summer. See under Saint. -- Summer bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. [Prov.
Eng.] -- Summer colt, the undulating state of the air near the surface
of the ground when heated. [Eng.] -- Summer complaint (Med.), a popular
term for any diarrheal disorder occurring in summer, especially when
produced by heat and indigestion. -- Summer coot (Zoöl.), the American
gallinule. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer cypress (Bot.), an annual plant
(Kochia Scoparia) of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate,
crowded leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens. -- Summer duck.
(Zoöl.) (a) The wood duck. (b) The garganey, or summer teal. See
Illust. of Wood duck, under Wood. -- Summer fallow, land uncropped and
plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to pulverize the soil and
kill the weeds. -- Summer rash (Med.), prickly heat. See under Prickly.
-- Summer sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] --
Summer snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The common European
sandpiper. (c) The green sandpiper. -- Summer tanager (Zoöl.), a
singing bird (Piranga rubra) native of the Middle and Southern United
States. The male is deep red, the female is yellowish olive above and
yellow beneath. Called also summer redbird. -- Summer teal (Zoöl.), the
blue-winged teal. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer wheat, wheat that is sown in
the spring, and matures during the summer following. See Spring wheat.
-- Summer yellowbird. (Zoöl.) See Yellowbird.
Sum"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Summered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Summering.]
To pass the summer; to spend the warm season; as, to summer in
Switzerland.
The fowls shall summer upon them.
Isa. xviii. 6.
Sum"mer, v. t. To keep or carry through the summer; to feed during the
summer; as, to summer stock.
Sum"mer-fal"low (?), v. t. To plow and work in summer, in order to
prepare for wheat or other crop; to plow and let lie fallow.
Sum"mer*house` (?), n.; pl. Summerhouses (&?;). A rustic house or
apartment in a garden or park, to be used as a pleasure resort in
summer. Shak.
Sum"mer*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being like summer. [R.]
Fuller.
{ Sum"mer*sault (?), Sum"mer*set (?), } n. See Somersault, Somerset.
Sum"mer*stir` (?), v. t. To summer- fallow.
Sum"mer*tide` (?), n. Summer time.
Sum"mer*tree` (?), n. [Summer a beam + tree.] (Arch.) A summer. See 2d
Summer.
Sum"mer*y (?), a. Of or pertaining to summer; like summer; as, a
summery day.
Sum"mist (?), n. One who sums up; one who forms an abridgment or
summary. Sir E. Dering.
Sum"mit (?), n. [F. sommet, dim. of OF. som, sum, top, from L. summum,
from summus highest. See Sum, n.] 1. The top; the highest point.
Fixed on the summit of the highest mount.
Shak.
2. The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the acme; as, the summit
of human fame.
3. (Zoöl.) The most elevated part of a bivalve shell, or the part in
which the hinge is situated.
Summit level, the highest level of a canal, a railroad, or the like, in
surmounting an ascent.
Sum"mit*less, a. Having no summit.
Sum"mit*y (?), n. [L. summitas, fr. summus highest: cf. F. sommité. See
Sum, n.] 1. The height or top of anything. [Obs.] Swift.