Infantry Drill Regulations.
The greatest lesson of the present war is that the keynote of success
is discipline. In trenches the direct control of the men is even less
than in extended order in open warfare, and only thoroughly
disciplined troops with a trusted leader can hope to succeed.
The successful officer will show anger or irritation only in rare
cases, and then by design: he will know his men individually and be as
considerate of them as possible, ready to do himself what he asks to
have done; just in administering punishments; clear in giving his
commands and insistent that they be carried out promptly; he will
learn from drilling his men the quickest way a desired result can be
accomplished, and to give the necessary commands in the most effective
manner.
He will read his Infantry Drill Regulations through each month and
will always find something that he never knew or has forgotten. He
will always consult it before going to drill. In explaining movements
he will use blackboard diagrams in conferences. On the field he will
take the fewest possible men and have movement executed by the numbers
properly before the other men. Then have all the men go through the
movement a number of times.
The object of each exercise or drill should be explained to the men
whenever possible.
"Success in battle is the ultimate object of all military training."
School of the Soldier.
INSTRUCTION WITHOUT ARMS.
The object of the facings and marchings is to give the soldier
complete control of his body in drills so that he can move easily and
promptly at any command.
Attention.
POSITION OF ATTENTION.--This is the position a soldier assumes when in
ranks or whenever the command _attention_ is given.
In the training of anyone nothing equals the importance of a proper
posture; it is the very foundation upon which the entire fabric of any
successful training must be founded.
Instructors must persist in the development of this position until the
men assume it from habit.
At the command, 1. Company (Squad, etc.), 2. Attention, the following
position is assumed:
1. HEELS TOGETHER AND ON A LINE.--If the heels are not on a line,
the hips and sometimes even the shoulders, are thrown out of line.
2. FEET TURNED OUT EQUALLY, FORMING AN ANGLE OF 45 DEGREES.--If the
feet are not turned out equally, the result will be the same as above.
3. KNEES EXTENDED WITHOUT STIFFNESS.--Muscles should be contracted
just enough to keep the knees straight. If locked, men tire easily and
faint if at attention a long time.
4. THE TRUNK ERECT UPON THE HIPS, the spine extended throughout its
entire length; the buttocks well forward.
The position of the trunk, spine and buttocks is most essential. In
extending the spine the men must feel that the trunk is being
_stretched up_ from the waist until the back is as straight as it can
be made.
In stretching the spine the _chest_ should be _arched_ and raised,
_without_, however, _raising the shoulders or interfering with natural
respiration_.
5. SHOULDERS FALLING NATURALLY and moved back until they are square.
Being square, means having the shoulder ridge and the point of the
shoulder at right angles to a general anterior-posterior plane running
through the body. They should never be forced back of this plane, but
out rather in line with it.
6. ARMS HANGING NATURALLY, thumbs against the seams of the trousers,
fingers extended, and back of hand turned out.
The arms must not be forcibly extended nor held rigidly; if they are,
a compensating faulty curve will occur in the lumbar region.
7. HEAD ERECT, CHIN RAISED until neck is vertical, eyes fixed upon
some object at their own height.
Every tendency to draw the chin in must be counteracted.
8. When this position is correctly assumed, the men will be taught to
_incline the body forward_ until the weight rests chiefly upon the
balls of the feet, heels resting lightly upon the ground.
When properly assumed, a vertical line drawn from the top of the head
should pass in front of the ear, shoulder and thighs, and find its
base at the balls of the feet.
Every tendency toward rigidity _must be avoided_; all muscles are
contracted only enough to maintain this position, which is one of
co-ordination, of _physical and mental alertness_, that makes for
mobility, activity and grace. A man who faints standing at attention
has not taken the proper position.
Rests.
POSITION OF REST AND AT EASE.--When men are standing _at rest_ or _at
ease_ they must be cautioned to avoid assuming any position that will
nullify the object of the position of Attention. Standing on one leg,
folding arms, allowing shoulders or head to droop forward, must be
discountenanced persistently until the men form the habit of resting
with feet separated but on the same line, hands elapsed behind the
back,--head, shoulders and trunk erect, (m.p.t., pp. 21 and 22.)
FALL OUT.--Leave ranks.
REST.--One foot in place. Can talk.
AT EASE.--One foot in place. Silence.
PARADE REST.--Do not slouch down on right foot. Keep chest well up.
EYES RIGHT, 2. FRONT.--Have it snappy.
RIGHT FACE.--To face _in marching_ and advance, turn on the ball of
either foot and step off with the other foot in the new line of
direction. (Do not confuse with the ordinary command, "Right Face.")
RIGHT HALF FACE.--45 degrees, used to show position in Right Oblique.
ABOUT FACE.--Have weight well back. Not necessary to move right foot
after turn is made.
HAND SALUTE.--Manner of rendering is index to manner in which all
other duties are performed.
FORWARD MARCH.--Shift weight to right foot, _mentally_.
DOUBLE TIME, MARCH.--Tendency to go too fast. Time it. 30 steps in 10
seconds. Take one step quick time, then take up double time.
MARK TIME, MARCH.--Given as either foot strikes the ground. To resume
full step, _Forward, March._
HALF STEP, MARCH.--All steps and marchings executed from a halt,
except Right Step, begin with left foot.
RIGHT STEP, MARCH. BACKWARD, MARCH.--Executed in quick time only and
at trail, without command. 15 inch Step.
SQUAD, HALT.--Given as either foot strikes the ground.
BY THE RIGHT FLANK, MARCH.--Step off with right foot.
TO THE REAR, MARCH.--Given as right foot strikes the ground. If
marching in double time, turn to the rightabout taking 4 steps, in
place, in cadence, and step off with left foot.
CHANGE STEP, MARCH.--Being in march; given as either foot strikes the
ground.
Manual of Arms.
PURPOSE.--To make the man so accustomed to the rifle that he handles
it without a thought.
Eight rules govern the carrying of the piece. See paragraph 75,
Infantry Drill Regulations.
Six rules govern the execution of the manual. See paragraph 76,
Infantry Drill Regulations.
Commands and Cautions.
ORDER, ARMS.--See that all the fingers of the right hand are around
the piece.
PRESENT, ARMS.--Left forearm horizontal and against the body.
PORT, ARMS.--Right forearm horizontal. Left forearm against the body.
RIGHT SHOULDER, ARMS.--Insist on an angle of 45 degrees. Trigger guard
in hollow of shoulder. Right hand does the work.
LEFT SHOULDER, ARMS.--Right hand in next to last position grasps small
of stock.
PARADE, REST.--Left hand grasps piece just below stacking swivel.
Right foot straight back 6 inches.
TRAIL, ARMS.--Piece at angle of about 30 degrees, about 3 inches off
the ground.
RIFLE SALUTE.--Left forearm horizontal.
FIX BAYONET.--Parade Rest and resume order after bayonet is fixed.
UNFIX BAYONET.--Parade Rest and resume order after bayonet is unfixed.
INSPECTION ARMS.--Be sure men glance down in chamber and keep hold of
bolt handle.
Parade, Rest can be executed only from order arms, and the command
Attention follows Parade, Rest.
Any movement not in the manual, _e.g._, Right, Face, breaks the
execution of movements by the numbers. The number of counts in the
execution of each command must be remembered.
Distinguish between _raise_ and _carry_ and _throw_.
School of the Squad.
OBJECT.--To give basic element, the squad, its first lesson in team
work.
Team work wins battles just as it does football games.
Avoid keeping men too long at the same movement.
COMPOSITION OF SQUAD.--7 men and a corporal. Never less than 6 nor
more than 11 men.
FALL IN.--Instructor 3 paces in front of where center is to be.
FALL OUT.--If under arms, always preceded by Inspection Arms. Does not
mean dismissed.
COUNT OFF.--Right file front and rear do not execute eyes right. Front
and rear rank men count off together.
INSPECTION ARMS.--
RIGHT DRESS, FRONT:
(1) Company Commander must establish base file or files before
giving the command Right Dress.
(2) Right flank men remain facing to front.
(3) Be sure first four men are on desired line and rest of
company can easily be made to conform.
(4) Right guide may be established at any point desired and at
command Right Dress all march to their proper positions
without other command, and at the trail.
(5) Have men beyond base files step forward until one pace
beyond where new line is to be and then dress back on line
established.
GUIDE RIGHT.--Keep head and eyes off the ground. Close in or open out
gradually.
TAKE INTERVAL, TO THE RIGHT, MARCH, SQUAD, HALT.--(At command "To the
Right") Rear rank falls back 60 inches. At March, all face to right
and leading man of each rank steps off, followed by the others at
four-pace intervals, rear-rank men marching abreast of their file
leaders. When halted all face to the front.
To REFORM, ASSEMBLE TO THE RIGHT (LEFT), MARCH.
TAKE DISTANCE, MARCH.--1-2-3-4 front rank, 1-2-3-4 rear rank, 4-pace
intervals. Guide in each four is right.
ASSEMBLE, MARCH.--No. 1, Front rank stands fast.
STACK ARMS.--Piece of even number front rank: butt between his feet,
barrel to front. Even number rear rank passes piece to file leader.
TAKE ARMS.--Loose pieces are returned by even numbers front rank. If
No. 2 of rear rank is absent, No. 1 rear rank takes his place in
making or breaking stacks and resumes his post. Pieces are never
stacked with bayonet fixed.
OBLIQUE, MARCH.--Taught from Right half face. Half faced to front
after obliquing, Forward, March. If at half step or mark time while
obliquing, Oblique, March.
IN PLACE, HALT.--All halt and stand fast without changing position of
pieces.
RESUME MARCH.--Only given after In place, Halt.
RIGHT TURN.--Turn on moving pivot is used by subdivisions of a column
in executing change of direction.
Each rank successively and on same ground executes movement. All
except pivot man execute two right obliques. No marking time. Arriving
on new line, all take the half step, glance toward marching flank and
take full step without command as last man arrives on the line.
RIGHT HALF TURN.--Executed in similar manner.
SQUADS RIGHT.--Turn on fixed pivot is used in all formations from line
into column and the reverse. No half step. Right flank man faces to
right in marching and marks time. Rest of front rank oblique once to
new position. Step off on 5th step.
SQUAD RIGHT ABOUT.--Front rank twice executes squads right.
In rear rank, No. 3 with No. 4 abreast of him on his left and followed
in column by the second and first moves straight forward until on
prolongation of new line he is to occupy; faces to right in marching
and proceeds to place. Then all face to the right in marching, mark
time and glance toward marching flank. As last man arrives on new line
all step off without command on 9th step.
Deploying as skirmishers and following the corporal are covered under
Company Extended Order.
School of the Company.
The company is the basic fighting and administrative unit, and must be
easily handled and capable of promptly carrying out the will of its
commander.
Team work among the squads, so that the company can be easily managed
as a whole, is the purpose of company drill.
Close order drill is for discipline.
Numerical designations of squads or platoons do not change.
Center squad is middle or right middle squad of the company.
8 (6-11) men = 1 squad.
7 (2-7) squads = 1 platoon.
4 platoons = 1 company (250 men, 6 officers).
4 (2-6) companies = 1 battalion (1,026 officers and men).
3 battalions = 1 regiment (3,755, including medical detachment).
2 regiments = 1 brigade (8,210 officers and men).
2 brigades = 1 division (27,152 officers and men).
First Sergeant when not commanding a platoon is opposite the 3rd file
from outer flank of first platoon, in line of file closers.
FALL IN.--First Sergeant 6 paces front of center, facing company.
Right guide takes post at such point that the center will be 6 paces
from and opposite the First Sergeant.
Squad leaders salute and report all present; or Private(s) ----
absent. First Sergeant does not return salute of squad leaders.
Captain takes post 12 paces in front of center of company in time to
receive report of First Sergeant, "Sir, all present or accounted for,"
or names of unauthorized absentees. E.G. A man in hospital might be
reported absent by squad leader if he did not know where he was, but
First Sergeant would know, and would not report him absent.
Captain returns salute of First Sergeant who then takes his post
_without command_.
PLATOON MOVEMENTS IN PLATOON COLUMN.
_Leading Platoon, C.O._
On Right into Line ... Right Turn.
Column Right ... Right Turn.
Right Front into Line ... Continue. (Caution) If halted, Forward.
_Rear Platoon, C.O._
On Right into Line ... Continue. (caution) If halted, Forward.
Column Right ... Continue. (caution) If halted, Forward.
Right Front into Line ... Right Oblique
QUESTIONS WHICH COME UP IN DAILY MILITARY LIFE.
It is well to have a solution on hand.
(1) The company is in line reversed,--16th squad where 1st squad
should be. Bring the company into proper line, 1-2-3-4; 5-6-7-8;
9-10-11-12; 13-14-15-16.
(2) You are platoon leader. Your platoon is drilling separately and
you get assembled in company line.
16-15-14-13; 12-11-10-9; 4-3-2-1; 5-6-7-8.
What commands do you give to get the platoon into line properly
arranged?
(3) You are in charge of the company and find yourself marching into
the company street in reverse order. What commands do you give to
correct this?
(4) You are marching your company to the rear along a road through a
narrow cut. Suddenly around a bend comes an ambulance. To let it pass,
you must immediately reduce your marching front. What is the quickest
method? (This can be used also in arranging the advance party of the
outguard.)
(5) You are marching your company in company front, and wish to march
in column of platoons. What do you command?
ANSWERS.
(1) Right (left) by squads.
Column left (right).
Squads right (left)
Company, Halt.
(2) Forward; 2 March.
On left into line; 2 Platoon; 3 Halt.
(3) On right (left) into line.
(4) 1 Squads right; 2 March.
2 By the left flank; 2 March.
(5) 1 Right by squads; 2 March.
2 Platoons left front into line; Double time;
2 March.
On the O.D. Shirt Collar Insignia is worn as follows:
"On the right side, in the middle of the collar, the letters (U.S.),
(U.S.R.), (U.S.N.A.), and the insignia of rank; the letters one inch
from the end of the collar and the insignia of rank one-half inch from
letters."
"On the left side in the middle of the collar, and one inch from the
end, the insignia of the arm of the service."
_For Second Lieutenants._
On the right side, in the middle of the collar, and one inch from the
end, the letters (U.S.), (U.S.R.), (U.S.N.A.).
On the left side, in the middle of the collar and one inch from the
end, the insignia of the arm of service.
When the Star Spangled Banner is played, an officer in uniform if
uncovered stands at Attention. If covered he salutes. An officer
"Presents his compliments" only to his juniors.
1. COMPANY RIGHT, MARCH; COMPANY, Halt; Forward March.
Being in line to turn. Right-flank man is pivot. Right guide steps
back at command March, and marks time.
2. PLATOONS RIGHT, MARCH; Company, Halt; Forward March.
Line to Column Platoons, reverse.
Guides must be covering.
3. SQUADS RIGHT, MARCH; Company, Halt.
Line to Column Squads, reverse.
Line of Platoon to Column Platoons, reverse.
4. RIGHT TURN, MARCH; Forward, March.
Line to change direction. Right guide is pivot. Men do not glance
toward flank. Rear rank begins oblique on same ground as front rank.
All take full step at command, Forward, March.
5. COLUMN RIGHT, MARCH.
First Platoon Leader, Right Turn.
Other Platoon Leaders (if halted), Forward; (if marching), cautions,
continue the march. All Platoons execute right turn on same ground.
Column of Platoons to change direction.
6. COLUMN RIGHT, MARCH.
Column Squads to change direction.
7. PLATOONS, COLUMN RIGHT, MARCH.
Column Squads to Line of Platoons.
8. SQUADS RIGHT, COLUMN RIGHT, MARCH.
Right by Squads, March.
Line to Column Squads and change direction.
Right guide posts himself and takes 4 short steps. Right Squad
conforms.
9. SQUADS RIGHT, PLATOONS, COLUMN RIGHT, MARCH.
Platoons right by Squads, March.
Line to line of Platoons. Guide same as in 8.
10. SQUADS RIGHT ABOUT, MARCH; Company, Halt.
To face or march to the rear.
_About Face_; Forward, March.
To the rear a few paces.
11. ON RIGHT INTO LINE, MARCH; Company, Halt, Front.
Column Platoons or Squads to line to side.
If executed in double time, leading squad marches double time until
halted.
12. RIGHT FRONT INTO LINE, MARCH; Company, Halt, Front.
Column Platoons or Squads to line (front).
In double time, halting and aligning are omitted. Guide is toward side
of first unit in line. If halted, leader of leading unit commands,
Forward.
13. PLATOONS, RIGHT FRONT INTO LINE, MARCH; Company, Halt, Front.
Column Squads to Column Platoons.
Line of Platoons to Company line.
14. ROUTE STEP, MARCH.
Muzzles kept elevated. Ranks cover, preserve distances. (If halted,
at rest.)
At ease, March. Silence preserved. (Halted, at ease.)
15. RIGHT BY TWOS, MARCH.
All but 2 right files of leading Squad execute in place, Halt.
RIGHT BY FILES, MARCH.
To diminish the front in Column Squads.
16. SQUADS RIGHT FRONT INTO LINE, MARCH.
Twos right front into line, march.
Twos or files, to Column Squads. Leading file or files halt.
N.B.--If right by twos, then left into line or reverse.
DISMISS THE COMPANY.--First Sergeant places himself 3 paces to front.
2 paces from nearest flank, salutes, faces toward opposite flank,
commands, Inspection Arms, Port Arms, Dismissed.
TO FALL IN COMPANY WHEN IT CANNOT BE FORMED BY SQUADS.--Inspection
Arms.
Right Shoulder Arms.
Roll Call. Each man as name is called, executes Order Arms.
FOR MUSTER, COMMANDS ARE: Open Ranks, MARCH, FRONT. (At command Open
Ranks, Rear Rank drops back 4 steps, 5 counts.)
(As mustering officer approaches) Right Shoulder Arm's. Attention to
Muster.
Each man, as name is called, answers "Here" and comes to Order Arms.
Company Commander is on right flank, in same place as "Prepare for
Inspection."
IN ALIGNING COMPANY.--Captain places himself 2 paces from and facing
the flank toward which dress is made, verifies alignment and commands
Front.
(Platoon leaders same position for Platoon alignment.)
TO MARCH SQUAD WITHOUT UNNECESSARY COMMANDS.--The Corporal commands,
_Follow Me_.
Men always at ease. Squad conform to pace of Corporal, and carry
pieces as he does.
In line or skirmish line, No. 2 front rank follows in trace of
Corporal at 3 paces. Others guide on No. 2.
AS SKIRMISHERS, MARCH.--At run. Rear rank men on right of file
leaders. All conform to Corporals gait. In squad alone, skirmish line
is formed on No. 2, front rank, Corporal ahead when advancing, in rear
when halted.
Regular interval in skirmish line 1/2 pace = 1 yard per man.
Squad deployed = 10 paces.
Any number of paces may be specified, _e.g._ As Skirmishers, at 10
paces, March.
ASSEMBLE, MARCH.--Men form on corporal. If he continues to advance,
move in double time, form and follow. Do not assemble while marching
to rear.
KNEEL.--Left forearm and left lower leg form straight line.
LIE DOWN.--On both knees, then both elbows.
RISE.--Stand on point marked by both knees.
(When deployed, may sit instead of kneel.)
LOADINGS AND FIRINGS.--Loadings are executed only in line and skirmish
line.
Firings are always executed at a halt.
When kneeling and lying down in double rank, rear rank does not
load, aim or fire.
In both cease firing and suspend firing pieces are loaded and
locked. (Sec. 150, i.d.r., April, 1917, is incorrect.)
1. AIMING.--Target carefully pointed out.
2. SIGHT-SETTING ANNOUNCED. (Battle sight if none announced.)
3. (If by volley), Ready, Aim, Squad FIRE.
To continue volley firing, Aim, Squad FIRE.
Volley fire is used against large, compact enemy or in fire of
position.
FIRE AT WILL.--Normally employed in attack and defense; 3 shots per
minute at effective ranges (600 to 1,200 yards); 5 to 6 shots per
minute at close ranges (up to 600 yards).
CLIP FIRE:
Used (1) To steady men.
(2) To produce a short burst of fire.
UNLOAD.--Safety lock up.
EXTENDED ORDER.
A squad acting alone, as one out on a patrol or for instruction,
the corporal acts as the leader of a small platoon leading the advance,
and in rear when halted.
Men come to trail as they come on the skirmish line.
On halting, a deployed line faces front (direction of real or
assumed enemy), and takes cover.
CORPORAL CAUTIONS.--By the Right Flank (if halted). Corporal steps out
looking back to get his 10-pace interval. Squad Halt.
LEFT FACE.--Base squad deploys as soon as it has room.
Guide of a deployed squad is center without command.
Captain indicates point on which corporal of base squad is to march.
COMPANY RIGHT is executed as explained for front rank of Company, but
at 1/2 pace intervals.
DEPLOYMENTS.
_From Line, to Form Skirmish Line to Front._
As SKIRMISHERS, GUIDE RIGHT, MARCH.--1. If marching, corporal
commands, Follow Me. Corporal of base squad moves straight to front,
deploys as soon as possible and advances until Company, Halt, is
given.
Other squads move to left front and place squads on the line.
If guide is center, other corporals on right of center squad move to
the right, and squads on the left to the left, and bring their squads
on the line.
If guide is left, other corporals move to right front.
2. If at halt, base squad deploys abreast of its corporal, 3 paces in
front of the former line, as soon as it has room.
Other squads are conducted by the left flank, to their places.
TO DEPLOY FROM COLUMN OF SQUADS, FORMING SKIRMISH LINE TO THE
FRONT.--If at a halt, base squad deploys abreast of its corporal 3
paces in front of its former position.
If marching, base squad deploys and moves straight to the front.
If guide is right, other corporals move to left front and place
squads on line.
If guide is center, corporals in front move to right (if at a halt,
to right rear), the corporals in rear of center squad move to left and
come on line in succession.
Column of twos or files are deployed by same commands in same manner.
If deployment in an oblique direction is desired, the captain points
out desired direction.
Column of squads may be turned to the flank or rear and then deployed.
ASSEMBLE, MARCH.--In skirmish line, men assemble at a run, to their
places individually. Squads do not assemble and march to places as
units as do platoons.
PLATOONS, ASSEMBLE.--Men assemble individually on the run, in their
platoons and are then marched to relative position on base platoon as
indicated by position or command of captain.
PLATOON COLUMNS.--Platoon leaders should be sure to go through center
of platoon.
Platoon guides in rear.
Columns should be 20 yards apart, or more.
(Used to take advantage of few favorable routes where cover is poor
or ground difficult.)
SQUAD COLUMNS.--Men oblique and follow squad leader. No advantage in
cover, but used to advance more quickly over rough or brush grown
ground.
(It might be desirable to teach men to take squad columns from
column of squads.)
In assembling from Platoon or Squad columns, the men reform by
platoons or squads and are conducted by their leaders to point
indicated by captain.
_Thin lines_ are used to cross wide stretches under artillery fire or
heavy, long range rifle fire which cannot be profitably returned.
No. 1's FORWARD, MARCH.
First line is led by platoon leader, right platoon.
Second line is led by platoon guide, right platoon.
Third line is led by platoon leader, next platoon, etc.
Quick time, unless conditions otherwise demand.
CAPTAIN POINTS OUT NEW LINE.--Original intervals preserved.
DISADVANTAGE.--Serious loss of control over company.
ADVANTAGE.--Offers less definite target and is less likely to draw
fire.
BEING IN SKIRMISH LINE.
BY PLATOON (2 PLATOONS, SQUADS, 4 MEN, ETC.), FROM THE RIGHT,
RUSH.--Leader of rush usually platoon leader.
(1) Selects new line.
(2) Cease firing.
(3) Prepare to rush.
(4) Follow me.
(5) Commence firing.
When whole company rushes, it is led by Captain. Platoon leader lead
their platoons.
COMMANDS.
Commands should be so given as to be distinctly heard by all the men
who have to execute them. It is unfair to expect good execution of a
slovenly command or one that cannot be heard. A sufficient interval
should be allowed between the preparatory command and the command of
execution, proportioned to the size of the command, so that each man
has time to grasp the movement before execution is required.
School of the Battalion.
BASIS.--4 companies to a battalion.
ARRANGEMENT.--Right to left by rank of Captains. After formation order
is not kept with reference to rank of Captains.
NUMBER.--From right to left in whatever direction.
CENTER.--Actual center or right center company.
BAND.--Places itself as if it were an adjoining battalion on right.
DRESSING.--Each company is dressed by its Captain who places himself
on the flank toward which the dress is to be made.
In battalion line beside the guide (or beside flank file of the front
rank if guide is not in line) facing front.
In column of companies--2 paces from the guide and facing down the
line.
To Form the Battalion.
OTHER THAN CEREMONIES.--Column of squads. Adjutant does not take his
post until companies are formed. Each Captain halts company and
salutes Adjutant. Adjutant returns salutes and when last Captain has
saluted, faces Major and reports "Sir, the Battalion is formed." He
joins Major without command.
FOR CEREMONIES.--Or when directed, Battalion is formed in line.
Adjutant places himself 6 paces to right of right company and facing
in direction line is to extend. Guides precede companies on line by 20
paces. Adjutant causes guides to cover. Companies are halted one pace
in rear of line and dressed to right against arm of guide. When guides
of left company have been posted, Adjutant by shortest route moves to
post facing Battalion midway between post of Major and center of
Battalion. Adjutant commands: 1. Guides, 2. Posts, 3. Present, 4.
Arms. He then faces about and reports, "Sir, the Battalion is formed."
Major commands, "Take your post, sir."
TO DISMISS THE BATTALION.--Dismiss your companies.
TO RECTIFY THE ALIGNMENT.--See Infantry Drill Regulations, paragraphs
273-274.
TO RECTIFY THE COLUMN.--See Infantry Drill Regulations, paragraph 275.
HELPFUL HINTS TO BEGINNERS.--These hold good with few exceptions.
When in column of squads; first command of Captain begins with word
"Column."
When in column of companies; first command of Captain begins with
word "Squads."
IN COLUMN OF SQUADS.--
Major: _On right (left) into line._
First Captain: Squads right. (Captain marches beside right guide.)
Rear Captains: Continue to march (If halted, forward).
Major: _March_.
Rear Captains: (Upon uncovering preceding company) Squads right.
Major: _Battalion_.
First Captain: Company.
Major: _Halt_.
First Captain: Right Dress, Front.
Rear Captains: (Coming on line). Company Halt, Right Dress, Front.
Major: _Right (left) front into line._
First Captain: Column right.
Rear Captains: Column half right.
Major: _March_.
First Captain: (Halts and allows company to pass him and form column
of squads to right.) Squads left, Company Halt, Left Dress, Front.
Rear Captains: When company in column of squads arrives one pace in
rear of the right flank of the company that has formed in line. Column
half right, March. The Captain then takes 5 paces beyond the flank of
the last company in line, allows company to pass him, and as rear
guide reaches him, commands: Squads left, March, Company Halt, Left
Dress, Front.
Major: _Line of companies at_ (seven) paces, guide left (right).
(Close on first company from column of squads is no longer used in
Battalion drill.)
First Captain: Continue to march (if halted, forward).
Rear Captains: Column half right.
Major: _March_.
Rear Captains: (When company reaches a position 7 paces to the flank
of the leading company.) Column half right.
Major: _Battalion_.
All Captains: Company.
Major: _Halt_.
Major: _Column of companies, first company_ squads right (left).
First Captain: Squads right.
Rear Captains: Continue to march (if halted, forward.).
As each company reaches the point where the first company formed line
the Captain commands: Squads right, March.
IN COLUMN OF COMPANIES OR CLOSE COLUMN OF COMPANIES.--
Major: _On right (left) into line._
First Captain: Right turn.
Rear Captains: Continue to march (if halted, forward).
Major: _March_.
Rear Captains: Each Captain takes 5 paces beyond the left flank of the
company that has just executed the turn and commands: Right turn,
March.
Major: _Battalion_.
First Captain: Company.
Major: _Halt_.
First Captain: Right Dress, Front.
Rear Captains: (As they come on line.) Company Halt, Right Dress,
Front.
Major: _Right (left) front into line._
First Captain: Company.
Second Capt: Right by Squads.
Third and fourth Captains: Squads Right.
Major: _March_.
First Captain: Halt, Left Dress, Front.
Rear Captains: Column half left, March, Column half right March.
Taking 5 paces from the flank of the company last on line and allowing
the company to pass by him until the rear guide reaches him, Captain
commands: Squads left, March, Company Halt, Left Dress, Front.
Major: _Close on first company_ (Never any other).
First Captain: Company.
Rear Captains: Continue to march (if halted, forward).
Major: _March_.
First Captain: Halt.
Rear Captains: As each successive company closes to 8 paces from the
company immediately in front, the Captain commands: Company Halt.
Major: _Extend on fourth company._ (Never any other.)
First Captain: Continue to march (if halted, forward).
Rear Captains: Company.
Major: _March_.
Rear Captains: Halt. Then as each company in rear of the leading
company gets the proper distance (company front plus 5 paces) the
Captain commands: Forward March.
Close column not extended in double time.
Major: _Column of squads, first company_ squads right (left).
First Captain: Squads right.
Rear Captains: Continue to march (if halted, forward). As each company
reaches the point where the first company formed column of squads, the
Captain commands: Squads right, March.
Major: _Column right (left)._
First Captain: Right turn.
Rear Captains: Continue to March (if halted, forward).
Major: _March_.
First Captain: When the marching flank of the company is one pace from
the new line the Captain commands: Forward March.
Rear Captains: Other companies march squarely up to the turning point
and each changes direction at the Captain's command: Right turn,
March, Forward, March.
LINE OF COMPANIES OR CLOSE LINE OF COMPANIES.
Major: _Battalion right (left)._
First Captain: Column right.
Flank Captains: Column half right.
Major: _March_.
Flank Captains: When each company has moved 7 paces to the flank of
the base company the command is: Column half right, March. The
companies are then marched echeloned with an interval of 7 paces.
Major: _Battalion_.
First Captain: Company.
Major: _Halt_.
Flank Captains: Continue to march. As each company comes into line
with the base company the Captain commands: Company, Halt.
Major: _Close on first (fourth) company._
_Extend on first (fourth) company._ Both movements executed in the
same manner.
First Captain: (If marching.) Halt. (If halted, cautions "Stand
Fast.")
Flank Captains: Squads right.
Major: _March._
Flank Captains: Right Oblique, March. (When the company has closed
sufficiently): Forward March, Squads left, March. (Then as the company
comes on the line with first company): Company, Halt.
Major: _Column of Squads, first (fourth) company, forward._
First Captain: Forward.
Flank Captains: Column half right (left).
Major: _March._
Flank Captains: As their companies come onto the line behind the
leading company (at 4.4 paces) the Captain commands: Column half
right, March.
IN BATTALION LINE.
Major: _Close on first (fourth) company._
First Captain: Stand fast (Caution).
Second Captain: Squads right, column right.
Third and fourth Captains: Squads right, column half right.
Major: _March._
Second, third and fourth Captains: As each company reaches a point 8
paces behind the company just preceding it into close column, the
command is given: Column half right, March. (Cautioning "Guide left"
when closing on first company--"Guide right" when closing on fourth
company): Squads left, March, Company, Halt.
Major: _Halt._
First Captain: Right Dress, Front.
Rear Captains: (As they come on the line): Company Halt, Right Dress,
Front.
[Illustration: PLATE No. 2A. CO. I--N.E. PROPER ARRANGEMENT OF SHELTER
TENTS.]
[Illustration: PLATE No. 2B. LAYOUT OF EQUIPMENT FOR INSPECTION.
TENT PINS SHOULD BE LAID IN ECHELON THREE INCHES APART.]
Inspections.
(Kitchen and mess inspections have been covered under Feeding Men.)
Daily inspection of the barracks should be made and rigid discipline
enforced as to the floors being kept clean, scrubbed once a week,
bedding and bed clothes aired out of doors every Tuesday, shoes
cleaned and kept in order under bunks, lockers under bunks, toilet
articles and books all kept in order. Sheets, comforters and blankets
should be shaken out, folded as for pack and laid on top of pillow
until afternoon, each day.
In inspecting men every week see that hair is kept short and feet
clean and in good condition, toe nails trimmed. Insist on woolen
socks.
Equipment must be inspected carefully, each week, to see that it is in
good condition.
SPECIAL POINTS OF COMPANY INSPECTION.
After Open Ranks, March, given from usual position in front of
Company, the Captain takes his post 3 paces in front of Right Guide,
facing to the left and commands:
1. Front. 2. Prepare for Inspection.
The Lieutenants are 3 paces in front of the center of their
respectives Platoons, facing to front.
If equipment is also to be inspected, commands are as follows:
1. Close Ranks. 2. March. Stack Arms. Backward, March. Take Interval
to the Right, March. Company, Halt.
1. Unsling Equipment. 2. Open Packs. Close Packs. Sling Equipment.
Battalion Inspection.
At command, Prepare for Inspection, given by the Major, each Captain
commands, Open Ranks. They do not salute when the Major and Inspector
approach.
The Lieutenants take their places as in Company Inspection. Each
Captain commands:
Company Attention. Prepare for Inspection.
Lieutenants face about and stand at ease, after being inspected or
passed.
After inspection:
Close Ranks, march.
Rest.
Regimental Inspection.
Commands mean and principles are same as for Battalion. (Look up Post
of Colonel, par. 754, Infantry Drill Regulations.)
Ceremonies.
BATTALION REVIEW.
After Battalion is formed in line, Major faces front.
When Reviewing Officer halts, Major turns about and commands:
Present Arms; turns to front and salutes. Major turns about; commands
Order Arms, and again faces front.
When Reviewing Officer is within 6 paces, the Major salutes, takes
post on the right and accompanies him.
On arriving at the right of the line again, Major salutes, halts,
takes his post in front of Battalion and commands:
Pass in Review. Squads Right, March.
Major and Staff execute Eyes Right and take post on right of Reviewing
Officer remaining until Battalion has passed, when he salutes and
rejoins it.
Double time is given by Major when the Battalion comes to its original
starting place and the Battalion passes in review as before except
that Eyes Right is omitted and Major salutes only when he leaves
Reviewing Officer.
Major and Staff may be dismounted at discretion of Commanding Officer.
BATTALION PARADE.
When band sounds off, the Reviewing Officer and his Staff stands, if
dismounted, with arms folded: if mounted they remain at attention at a
convenient distance in front of the center and facing the Battalion.
The Battalion is not presented for Battalion Parade.
The Lieutenants take posts in front of center of their Platoons at
Captain's command for dressing his Company on the line.
After Guides Posts, the Adjutant commands:
(To Battalion) Parade Rest.
(To Band) Sound Off.
Battalion, Attention. Present Arms.
At conclusion of National Anthem Adjutant reports:
Sir: The parade is formed.
The Major directs: _Take your post, sir_.
Major then commands: _Order Arms_.
At conclusion of Manual of Arms, Major directs: _Receive the reports,
sir_.
Captains report "'C' Company present or accounted for," or "'C'
Company, 1 officer, 7 enlisted men are absent."
Publish the orders, sir:
After publishing them, Adjutant commands: Officers, Center, March. At
command Center, Officers face center: at command March, march to
center and halt, facing front.
Commands Forward and Halt are given by Senior Officer. Left Officer of
center Company is guide and marches on the Major. Halt at 6 paces from
Major, salute and come down with the Major.
At command Officers Posts, March, Officers face about at command
"posts" and are conducted by Senior Officer who halts them 3 paces
from line. Officers, Halt. Posts, March. Face outward at command,
Posts, step off with 4 pace intervals. Lieutenants go to their posts
by shortest route, in rear of Company.
REGIMENTAL PARADE.
Lieutenants remain in file closers.
At command, Officers Center, Captains remain at their posts with their
Companies.
REGIMENTAL REVIEW.
Regiment formed in line or line of masses.
Colonel commands: Pass in Review.
Each Major commands: 1, _Squads Right_; 2, _March_.
If in line of masses, Colonel commands: "Pass in Review." Major of
Right Battalion commands: _Column of Squads, First Company Squads,
Right, March_.
FIRE DIRECTION IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CAPTAIN AND HIGHER
COMMANDERS. ABOVE THE GRADE OF CAPTAIN AND DIRECTION IS
PRINCIPALLY TACTICAL. WITH A CAPTAIN IT IMPLIES THE ABILITY TO
ISSUE CORRECT FIRE ORDERS TO MEET GIVEN SITUATIONS IN ORDER
THAT THE FIRE OF THE COMPANY MAY BE AS EFFECTIVE AS POSSIBLE.
FIRE CONTROL IS THE COMBINED PRODUCT OF THE FIRE UNIT
COMMANDERS AND THE FIRERS. THE FIRE UNIT IS THE PLATOON.
FIRE DISCIPLINE MEANS STRICT ATTENTION TO THE SIGNALS AND
ORDERS OF THE COMMANDER, AND IS THE FACULTY DEVELOPED IN THE
MEN BY INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING, OF COMMENCING, CEASING, OR
DIMINISHING FIRE, OR OF CONCENTRATING IT UPON A DEFINED OBJECT
IN OBEDIENCE TO THE DELIBERATE WILL OF THE COMMANDER.
NOTE.--It is to be remembered that all grades of commanders are
supposed to be familiar with the duties of all below them.
In issuing orders all Officers, in addition to announcing where they
will be found will give the location of the next higher Commander.
The authorities for statements under the Platoon Leader and below are
not given after each statement but the paragraphs from which they are
deduced are given under the heading for each grade. This course was
thought necessary to avoid repetition.
I. THE COLONEL.
POSITION--(369, 380, 528--i.d.r.)
1. Advancing to the battlefield: as
(a) Independent commander ordinarily with the advance guard
in order that he may:
1. Receive information promptly.
2. Personally see the situation (reconnoiter).
3. Order the deployment.
4. Begin the action strictly in accordance with his own
wishes.
(b) Subordinate commander (427, i.d.r.).
After receiving his order for the action, precedes his
command as far as possible in order to:
1. Personally reconnoiter the ground.
2. Be prepared to issue his orders promptly.
Note--For a discussion of the position of leaders see Subject V.
2. During the action; such as will enable him to:
(a) Observe the progress of events.
(b) Receive and transmit messages and orders.
(c) Be in constant, direct, and easy communication with the
reserve. (369, i.d.r.)
DUTIES:
a. After having received his orders, the regimental commander
leads his regiment forward in a column, or in line of columns,
until the time arrives for issuing the regimental order, he
then: (426, i.d.r.)
b. Assigns targets and sectors or tasks to battalions and special
units. (312, 381 and 426, i.d.r.)
c. Provides for necessary reconnaissance to front and flank. (428,
i.d.r.)
d. Announces his position and also that of the next higher
commander.
e. Controls the reserve as the tactical situation demands. (441,
i.d.r.)
f. Regulates ammunition supply. (316, f.s.r. and 552, i.d.r.) See
also full discussion of the ammunition supply in Subject VIII.
Note--The colonel is assisted in the performance of his duties by the
regimental staff.
II. THE MAJOR.
The battalion is the attack unit whether acting alone or as part of a
larger force. (305, i.d.r.)
POSITION:
(The general rules for a colonel apply)
1. Where he can best:
a. Direct the reinforcing of the firing line from the
support. (315, i.d.r.)
b. Observe the progress of events, (369, i.d.r.)
c. Maintain contact with regimental headquarters. (369,
i.d.r.)
2. On the firing line when all the supports have joined. (315,
i.d.r.) (See Subject V.)
GENERAL.
DUTIES:
1. Conducts his battalion according to sector and mission assigned
him.
2. Directs first disposition of battalion by tactical orders,
giving subordinates--
a. Information of the enemy.
b. Position of supporting and neighboring troops.
c. The general object to be attained.
d. The special problem for each company (291, i.d.r.)
(This includes making the primary apportionment of the
target.) (303, i.d.r.)
e. If practicable, the point or time at which the fire fight
is to open. (304, i.d.r.)
f. Orders for flank protection and reconnaissance, unless
specifically provided for by higher authority. (293, 397
and 398, i.d.r.)
g. His position and that of the next higher commander.
3. Controls supports, dispatches reinforcements from support to
firing line. (226 and 297, i.d.r.)
4. Controls subsequent movements by suitable orders or commands.
(291, i.d.r.)
5. Regulates ammunition supply--(See Subject VIII, also Pars.
316-317, f.s.r.) (The combat train is the immediate reserve
supply of the battalion.)
a. Is responsible for the proper use of the combat train.
b. Insures maintenance of the prescribed allowance at all
times.
c. Causes combat trains to march immediately in rear of the
battalion unless directed otherwise. (548, i.d.r.)
d. When battalion deployed on his own initiative, indicates
whether extra ammunition shall be issued. (294, i.d.r.)
e. When battalion deployed pursuant to orders from higher
authority, causes issue of extra ammunition unless
specifically ordered not to do so. (294, 548, i.d.r.)
f. When combat wagons are emptied, directs them to proper
rendezvous to be refilled. (548, i.d.r.)
g. Sees that combat wagons and belts of men are refilled as
soon as possible after an engagement. (553, i.d.r.)
6. Maintains contact with adjoining troops. (399 i.d.r.)
7. May harmonize ranges used by the companies on the firing line.
8. Determines when bayonets shall be fixed. (318, i.d.r.)
9. Subject to orders from higher authority, determines the point
from which the charge to be made. (319, i.d.r.)
10. Orders the charge. (318, i.d.r.)
SPECIAL.
1. _In attack_:
a. May select formation in which companies advance. (212,
i.d.r.)
b. Designates--
1. The direction of the objective. (303, i.d.r.)
2. The companies for the firing line.
3. The companies for the support.
4. The order and front of the companies in the firing line.
5. The right or left company of the firing line as the base
company.
6. May indicate when the advance by rushes is to start.
(311, i.d.r.)
2. _In defense_:
a. Describes front of each company. (292, i.d.r.)
b. Assigns sector of fire. (244, 302, i.d.r.)
c. Locates fire, communicating and cover trenches.
d. Directs preparation of obstacles.
e. Assigns companies to construct trenches and obstacles.
f. Details troops to occupy trenches. (321, i.d.r.)
g. Causes firing line and supports to fix bayonets when a
charge by the enemy is imminent. (324, i.d.r.)
h. Seeks opportunities for counter attacks. (326, i.d.r.)
III. BATTALION STAFF.
POSITIONS:
Battalion Adjutant }
Battalion Sergeant Major } with Major.
Mounted orderlies--both with Major (one with major and one with
Adjutant) until horses are sent to rear when both may be with
the horses or one take the horses and the other remain with the
major, as he may direct.
DUTIES:
All assist the major in any way directed, by
a. Reconnaissance. (565, i.d.r., 25, f.s.r.)
b. Observation of the firing line.
c. Maintaining contact with regimental headquarters.
d. Maintaining contact with the support.
e. Receiving, communicating, and sending visual signals from and
to front and rear.
f. Observing fire effect and progress of events.
g. Keeping copies of all orders, messages, and other data
necessary, for his war diary. (35, f.s.r.)
When there is only one range finder to the battalion, the Battalion
Sergeant Major is the Battalion Range Taker. When not actually engaged
in taking ranges, he assists the Major as above or, preferably, he may
be charged with the duty of maintaining communication with the
companies of the firing line.
The major designates a sergeant to take charge of the battalion combat
train. Under the Major's direction, he
a. Conducts combat train as far to the front with the battalion
as directed.
b. Issues ammunition to the battalion.
c. Takes combat train to rendezvous for refilling, under
direction of the regimental commander.
d. Rejoins battalion, if it is not in action, or, if it be
engaged, joins or establishes communication with the
regimental reserve. (548, 549 and 553, i.d.r.)
(This sergeant is not provided for in the present
organization. Recommendation has been made to the War
Department that he be included in the Tables of
Organization.)
IV. THE CAPTAIN.
(The Fire Director.)
POSITION: _Where he can best:_
1. Control his four platoons. (248, i.d.r.)
2. Observe fire effect. (249, i.d.r.)
3. See the major and platoon chiefs. (234, i.d.r.)
DUTIES: _Before fire action:_
1. Conducts his company to place of deployment assigned by the
major's orders (297, i.d.r.) in best manner. (212, i.d.r.)
2. Designates target, and allots part to each platoon. (245 and
249, i.d.r.) (See Overlapping Method, page 15, Subject V. Fire
Tactics.)
3. Determines the range. (240 and 249, i.d.r.)
4. Announces the sight setting. }
5. Indicates class of fire and } (249, i.d.r.)
6. Time to open fire. }
7. Informs the subordinates as to the location of the battalion
commander, and, when necessary, announces his own position.
_During the Action:_
1. Observes fire effect. (249, 414, 415, i.d.r., and 216,
s.a.f.m.)
2. Corrects material errors in sight setting. (249, i.d.r.)
3. Prevents exhaustion of ammunition supply. (249, 550, 551,
i.d.r.)
4. Distributes ammunition received from rear. (249, i.d.r.)
5. Provides for the collection and distribution of the ammunition
of the dead and wounded. (551, i.d.r.)
6. Is on the alert for the Major's signals or commands. (226 and
234, i.d.r.)
7. In the absence of express directions from the major, if
commanding a flank company, determines when advances by rushes
shall be attempted. (311, i.d.r.)
8. Indicates size of fractions to rush. (311, i.d.r.)
9. Leads a rush by entire company. (223, i.d.r.)
10. Leads the charge. (319, i.d.r.)
11. When necessary, designates new platoon leaders and sees that new
squads are organized and new squad leaders designated to replace
those disabled. (104, 375, i.d.r.)
V. BUGLERS.
POSITION:
Join the Captain when the company deploys. (164, i.d.r.)
DUTIES: (235, i.d.r.)
1. _One Bugler_--
a. Observes the enemy.
b. Observes the target.
c. Observes for fire effect.
d. Watches platoon leaders for signals.
e. Transmits signals to platoon leaders.
2. _The other_--
a. Watches the Major for signals and repeats them back.
b. Transmits information to the Major.
3. BOTH--
a. Repeat bugle signals "charge." (319, i.d.r.)
b. Carry field glasses, message pads, pencils and signal flags.
(i.u.a.e.m., 387, i.d.r.)
c. Act as messengers.
ALL OF THE ABOVE IMPLIES THAT THEY MUST BE PROFICIENT IN:
a. Signaling--Hand, Arm and Letter Codes.
b. Observation for fire effect.
c. Location and definition or description of targets.
d. Bugle calls.
VI. RANGE ESTIMATORS.
Five or six officers or men, selected from the most accurate
estimators in the company are designated "Range Finders." (240,
i.d.r.)
The term "Range Finder" is a misnomer as a range finder is an
instrument. The school uses the term "Range Estimator" when applied to
an individual. The attention of the War Department has been called to
this.
The range estimators are given special training in the estimation of
ranges.
When an action is pending, the Captain receives from the Major the
primary apportionment of the target or sector of fire. (303, i.d.r.)
The Captain returns to the company, and, avoiding dangerous grouping,
assembles the platoon leaders and range estimators, and points out to
both the target of the Battalion and Company.
The Range Estimators immediately begin their estimation of the range
to the company target; the Captain meanwhile continues with his
instructions to the Platoon Leaders.
The instructions to the Platoon Leaders completed, the Range
Estimators announce to the Captain either their individual estimates,
or the mean of their estimates as deduced by one of the estimators.
The Range Estimators then take their customary posts (240, i.d.r.),
and the Captain indicates to the Platoon Leaders the range to be used.
The Range Estimators act in an advisory capacity to the Captain. The
mean of their estimates will usually be the most accurate deduction
available in battle. The adoption by the Captain of the range thus
determined, however, is not obligatory.
Range Estimators should be ready to signal their estimates of the
range to the platoon leaders at any time during the action.
VII. THE PLATOON LEADER.
(The Fire Controller.)
POSITION: Where he can best:
1. Control the squads constituting his platoon. (252, i.d.r.)
2. Observe the target and fire effect. (252, 414, 415, i.d.r., and
216, s.a.f.m.)
3. Observe the captain for signals or commands. (234, 251, i.d.r.)
DUTIES:
(6, 42, 104, 229, 231-233, 244, 245-257, 319, 375, 550, i.d.r.)
Controls the fire of his platoon and in his fire orders.
1. Receives his orders from the company commander.
2. If necessary, may indicate the fire position that has been
ordered.
3. Announces sight setting.
4. Points out designated target to his platoon, if practicable,
otherwise to his corporals only, or
5. When the target cannot be seen, indicates an aiming target. (247
and 251, i.d.r., call this an aiming "point", but the occasions
upon which infantry would use an aiming "point" are so rare that
it is believed aiming "target" is a more accurate term as it
includes both point and line.)
6. Assigns target so as to insure that the entire front or sector
given him by the company commander will be covered with fire.
7. Gives class of fire.
8. Announces rate of fire.
9. If commanding a flank platoon, details a man to watch for
signals from the combat patrols.
10. When his Corporals have signaled that their squads are ready to
fire, signals the Captain by looking toward him and holding up
his hand.
11. When Captain signals a "commence firing", repeats same to the
corporals.
THEREAFTER:
1. Observes for fire effect.
2. When platoon is not firing, insures that the front assigned is
kept under constant observation for any appearance of the enemy
or any change of position.
3. Changes sight-setting of his platoon when necessary.
4. Regulates rate of fire.
5. Increases rate of fire when large and distinct targets appear
and decreases it when the target becomes small and indistinct.
6. Prevents decrease in rate of fire when--
(1) Changing sight-setting,
(2) Preparing for rushes,
(3) Fixing bayonets,
(4) Transmitting firing data to supports,
(5) Distributing ammunition.
7. Increases the rate of fire to cover the advance of adjacent
units. For this purpose progress and movements of adjoining
units are kept under observation.
8. Maintains direction of advance of his platoon in rushing, so as
not to blanket fire of adjacent units.
9. Is on the alert for Captain's commands or signals, for this
purpose he may use his platoon guide.
10. May use his platoon guide to observe adjoining units.
11. Must understand all signals.
12. Leads his platoon in advancing and charging.
13. Prevents changing fire to unauthorized targets.
14. Insures distribution of ammunition brought up from the rear and
the collection and distribution of same from the dead and
wounded. (540, i.d.r.).
15. In coming up with re-enforcements, he takes over the duties of
disabled platoon leaders of the platoon into which his men have
dropped, or it may be some other section of the line needs his
service in which case he goes there.
16. Endeavors to preserve the integrity of squads, designates new
squad leaders to replace those disabled, organizes new squads
when necessary, sees that every man is placed in a squad and
takes every opportunity for restoring order in the firing line.
(104, 375, i.d.r.)
17. In "Advance by thin lines", leads odd numbered lines. (218,
i.d.r.).
VIII. THE FIRST SERGEANT.
Commands a Platoon, Never a Guide.
GUIDES.
GENERAL RULES:
1. Guides must be resourceful, have good health, vigorous physique,
keen eyesight, presence of mind and courage, with good judgment,
military training and experience. They must be able to read maps, make
sketches and send clear and concise messages.
2. EQUIPMENT.--Guides are equipped with whistle, watch, compass,
message book, knife, pencil, wire cutters, map, pace scale and glasses
if possible.
3. As instructors they go where needed.
4. As file closers they insure steadiness and promptness in the ranks.
5. In column of subdivisions the guide of the leading subdivision is
charged with the step and direction.
CLOSE ORDER.--The guides of the right and left, or leading and rear,
platoons, are the right and left, or leading and rear guides
respectively of the company when it is in line or in column of squads.
Other guides are in the line of file closers.
In platoon movements the post of the platoon guide is at the head of
the platoon, if the platoon is in column, and on the guiding flank if
in line. When a platoon has two guides their original assignment to
flanks of the platoon does not change.
The guides of a column of squads place themselves on the flank
opposite the file closers. To change the guides and file closers to
the other flank, the Captain commands: 1. _File closers on left
(right) flank;_ 2. March. The file closers dart through the column;
the captain and guides change.
In column of squads, each rank preserves the alignment toward the side
of the guide.
Men in the line of file closers do not execute the loadings or
firings.
Guides and enlisted men in the line of file closers execute the manual
of arms during the drill unless specially excused, when they remain at
the order. During ceremonies they execute all movements.
IN TAKING INTERVALS AND DISTANCES.--Unless otherwise directed, the
right and left guides, at the first command, place themselves in the
line of file closers, and with them take a distance of 4 paces from
the rear rank. In taking intervals, at the command "March", the file
closers face to the flank and each steps off with the file nearest
him. In _assembling_ the guides and file closers resume their places
in line.
To FORM THE COMPANY.--At the sounding of the assembly the first
sergeant takes position 6 paces in front of where the center of the
company is to be, faces it, draws saber, and commands "Fall in".
The right guide of the company places himself, facing to the front,
where the right of the company is to rest, and at such point that the
center of the company will be 6 paces from and opposite the first
sergeant; the squads form in their proper places on the left of the
right guide, superintended by the other sergeants, who then take their
posts.
For the instruction of platoon leaders and guides, the company, when
small, may be formed in single rank. In this formation close order
movements only are executed. The single rank executes all movements as
explained for the front rank of the company.
ALIGNMENTS.--The alignments are executed as prescribed in the School
of the Squad, the guide being established instead of the flank file.
The rear-rank man of the flank file keeps his head and eyes to the
front and covers his file leader.
At each alignment the Captain places himself in prolongation of the
line, 2 paces from and facing the flank toward which the dress is
made, verifies the alignment and commands: "Front".
Platoon leaders take a like position when required to verify the
alignments.
In "Company right" the right guide steps back on the command "March",
aligning the first two men next to him as he does so, to establish the
correct line.
In "Platoon right" the Captain announces the guide and the guides
cover promptly.
In "Right turn" the right guide is the pivot of the front rank.
In "Column right" the right flank man of the leading squad is the
pivot, _not the guide_.
In "Right by squads" the right guide (when he has posted himself in
front of the right squad) takes four short steps and then resumes the
full step. The right squad conforms.
"Squads right about." If the company or platoons are in column of
squads, file closers turn about toward the column and take posts. If
in line, each darts through the nearest interval between squads. The
right and left guides place themselves in the new front rank. File
closers on facing about, maintain their relative positions.
When the company executes "About face", guides place themselves in the
new front rank.
In "Right front into line, double time" halting and aligning commands
are omitted. Guide is toward side of the first unit.
In "Take interval" or "Take distance" guides drop back at the first
command.
In "Squads right" or "Platoons, column right" interior guides of
platoons cross the company. A good rule for beginners is always to
cross over (except in "column right").
Guide of a company in line is right (unless otherwise announced).
Guide of a platoon in line is right.
Guide of a battalion in line is center.
Guide of a line of subdivisions is center.
Guide of a deployed line is center.
Guide of a squad is toward the side of the guide of the company.
Guide of successive formations into line is toward the point of rest.
File closers remain on the same side of the company except when in so
doing they would be left in front of the company.
If the battalion is in line, the guide away from the point of rest (in
each company) comes to the "Right shoulder arms" at the command to
dress.
At the command "Eyes right", guides who are charged with the direction
do not execute "Eyes right", but simply salute.
At "Retreat" guides unarmed stand at "Attention". Only officers
salute.
In "Stack arms" the right guide should align the stacks.
In squads (acting alone) the corporal is the guide; number 2 of the
front rank, if the corporal is not in line.
The guides of rear units are charged with the step, trace and
distance.
EXERCISE FOR GUIDES.--Lay out a course of arbitrary distance; 200
yards will answer the purpose. Instruct the guides to march the course
as they would if they were guiding a company, but being sure to count
their steps (a pebble transferred to the left hand at 100 steps is
often found useful).
RESULT.--The number of steps will range from 205 to 225. After getting
the number of steps taken by each man, show them that they should have
taken 240 steps and that each man took too long a step. Have them
march back guiding on two points in line as before, cautioning them to
cut down the length of the step to 30 inches from the start, and not
to wait until they get half way down the course and find that they
have less than 120 steps.
RESULT.--All of the men, even after the caution, will have taken too
long a step.
Instructor times the guides both ways, and calls attention to the fact
that in ALL cases the cadence was under 120 steps per minute.
After repeating above as much as desired have the men march in pairs,
one man keeping time and the other counting steps and marching on two
points.
They may check up every 10 seconds if desired.
IX. PLATOON GUIDES.
POSITION:
1. Behind the firing line, on left of platoon leader. (163,
i.d.r.)
2. Advancing in line--behind center of platoon. (213 and 223,
i.d.r.) To insure prompt and orderly advance.
3. "Advance by thin lines"--lead even numbered lines. (218, i.d.r.)
4. Advancing in squad or platoon column--in rear.
DUTIES:
(104, 213, 223, 229, 255, 367, 375, and 376, i.d.r.)
1. The platoon leader's assistant and may be assigned any duty the
platoon leader sees fit.
2. Keeps adjoining units under observation.
3. Watches firing line.
4. Checks every breach of fire discipline.
5. Prevents skulking, men leaving the ranks at any time to care for
wounded, etc.
6. Designates new squad leaders and organizes new squads when
necessary.
7. Attaches men that have become separated from squads to other
squads.
8. Insures prompt and orderly advance.
9. On joining firing line from the support takes over duties of
sergeants disabled.
10. May receive and transmit signals to the Captain.
11. If the platoon leader is disabled, he takes over his duties.
Hence he should know what the platoon leader is doing and how.
12. When taking over the duties of the platoon leader he calls the
senior corporal of his platoon out to act as guide.
X. CORPORAL.
POSITION:
1. Marching in line, as center skirmisher of squad (124, i.d.r.)
or
2. When skirmish line is halted, immediately behind his squad.
Note.--The School has recommended to the War Department that the
Infantry Drill Regulations be changed to provide that the
Corporal's position be as prescribed above and in paragraph 20,
page 10.
DUTIES:
Paragraphs 42, 222, 252, 254, 255, 411, and 551, i.d.r., cover in
general the corporal's duties.
The squad leader (Corporal) controls the fire of his squad, he must
understand the duties of the private and in issuing his fire
orders:
1. Receives his instructions from the platoon leader.
2. Points out indicated objective to his squad.
3. Takes as the squad target that portion of the platoon target
which corresponds to the position of the squad in the platoon.
4. Announces sight setting.
5. Announces class and rate of fire.
6. When his squad is ready to fire looks toward the platoon leader
and holds up his hand. At the platoon leader's signal to
commence firing he sees that the squad opens fire.
THEREAFTER:
1. Makes all fire from the shoulder.
2. Makes all use ordered rate of fire.
3. Insures that all fire at designated objective.
4. Prevents slighting of invisible portions of the target for more
visible parts.
5. Prevents men from changing fire to unauthorized targets not in
the assigned front or sector.
6. Maintains constant observation to the front; when squad is
firing, for effect of fire--when squad is not firing, for
appearance of enemy.
7. Insures prompt obedience to orders to suspend and cease firing.
8. Makes men utilize ground to fullest extent for concealment in
firing and advancing.
9. In sight-setting, changing sights and fixing bayonets, has front
rank perform operation first (rear-rank men increasing rate of
fire) and then the rear-rank follow while the front-rank men
make up for loss of fire for the rear rank, thus insuring that
the rate of fire for the squad does not fall off.
10. Prevents increasing vulnerability of squad while preparing for
a rush, and rushes as soon after cease firing as possible.
11. When other squads of his platoon, are rushing, or the platoon
which is covering the same target as is his platoon, is rushing
he has his squad increase its rate of fire to make up for lost
fire effect of the rushing element.
12. In rushing causes men to spring to feet running at full speed,
all men to drop to the ground at the same time, and those who
are in rear to crawl up to the line.
13. When re-enforcing the firing line, takes over the duties of
disabled squad leaders. For this purpose his squad may drop into
line at one place and he may move to the next squad on the right
or left where there is a squad leader needed. If there are no
vacancies caused by disabled squad leaders, he drops into line
and assists the squad leaders who are there.
14. Prevents decreasing rate of fire when men are transmitting data
to arriving supports.
15. Prevents wasting of ammunition.
16. Prevents use of 30 rounds in right pocket section of belts
except on order of an officer.
17. Distributes ammunition of dead and wounded and ammunition
brought up from the rear.
18. Prevents decreasing the rate of fire while ammunition is being
distributed.
19. Looks to the rear only at his platoon leader's whistle
"Attention." Pays no attention to any other except suspend
firing.
20. Takes his position in rear of his squad when it is firing and
remains there, where he can control its fire, and only crawls
into line and adds his rifle when all control is lost. (Short
ranges.)
21. To control his squad he does not walk up and down behind his
squad but rolls along behind his line and keeps down.
22. Leads his squad in moving to the front or rear.
23. Must know thoroughly the drill regulation signals and have a
good practical knowledge of the theory of fire.
24. In rushing, maintains the direction of advance of his squad so
as not to blanket the fire of squads in his rear.
25. Takes advantage of every lull in the action and every favorable
opportunity to reorganize his squad and get it more under
control.
26. Checks every breach of fire discipline, abates excitement, and
prevents any man from leaving the squad to go to the rear for
any purpose whatsoever.
27. If called out of line to act as guide, notifies designated
private (103, i.d.r.) to take command of squad.
XI. THE PRIVATE.
POSITION:
Deployed in line: One man per yard (125, i.d.r.), unless a greater
extension is directed in the order for deployment. (126,
i.d.r.)
DUTIES:
(6, 42, 104, 133, 134, 138, 139, 149, 152-156, 203, 209, 233, 247,
251, 254, 255, 319, 354, 367, i.d.r., and 209, s.a.f.m.)
The individual soldier must be trained:
1. To recognize targets from description quickly.
2. To describe and define targets.
3. To use rear sight in describing targets.
4. To use horizontal and vertical clock systems, singly or in
combination in describing target.
5. To set sights quickly and accurately as ordered.
6. To bring piece to shoulder, aim carefully and deliberately from
habit, and to reload quickly.
7. To fire at the ordered rate. (Par. 18, Standard for Field
Firing.)
8. To fire at the part of the designated objective which
corresponds to his position in the firing line.
9. To continue firing in the designated sector and not to change
therefrom unless ordered.
10. Not to slight invisible parts of the target for more visible
ones.
11. To maintain constant observation to the front.
12. To utilize folds of ground for concealment in advancing and
firing.
13. To select firing positions.
14. To understand effects of visibility and the selection of
backgrounds.
15. To fire from all positions, from behind hillocks, trees, heaps
of earth and rocks, depressions, gullies, ditches, doorways and
windows.
16. To obey promptly orders to suspend and cease firing.
17. To ignore whistle signals, except suspend firing.
18. To watch closely for the expected target after having suspended
firing.
19. To obey promptly all orders from his squad leader.
20. To drop into the nearest interval when reinforcing the firing
line and obey the orders of the nearest squad leader.
21. To transmit firing data to men of the supports coming into the
line rapidly and accurately, without decreasing his rate of
fire.
22. To call for range and target when reinforcing the firing line.
23. To have confidence in his own ability to hit.
24. To a system of sight setting and fixing bayonets in order that
there may be no cessation of fire in the unit during this
operation.
25. To prepare for rushes without decreasing fire of the unit
unduly.
26. To avoid unnecessary movement in preparing for rushes.
27. To spring forward at command "Rush" or "Follow Me" without
preliminary rising.
28. To avoid bunching in rushing.
29. Not to swerve to the right or left in search of cover but to
advance in a straight line, in order not to blanket the fire of
men in his rear.
30. To drop quickly at end of rush and crawl up to line if in rear
of it.
31. To remain with his own company, but if he accidentally becomes
detached from his company or squad to join the nearest one.
32. To maintain silence except when transmitting or receiving firing
data and charging.
33. To retain presence of mind.
34. To be careful not to waste ammunition.
35. To use the thirty rounds of ammunition in the right pocket
section of the belt only upon the order of an officer.
36. To remain with the firing line after bringing up ammunition.
37. To utilize ammunition of dead and wounded.
38. Never to attempt to care for dead or wounded during the action.
39. To have confidence in his ability to use the bayonet.
40. To a firm determination to close with the enemy.
41. To preserve the line in charging.
42. To understand that a charge should be slow and steady (the
faster men must not run away from the slower ones).
43. To form up immediately after the charge and follow the enemy
with fire, not attempting a disorganized pursuit.
44. To understand that it is suicidal to turn his back to an enemy
and that, if he cannot advance, he must intrench and hold on
until dark.
45. To count distant groups of object or beings.
46. To recognize service targets.
47. NEVER TO FIRE UNTIL HE UNDERSTANDS WHAT THE TARGET IS, AT WHAT
PART HE IS TO FIRE, AND WITH WHAT SIGHT SETTING.
Packs.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEMBLING THE INFANTRY EQUIPMENT, MODEL OF 1910.
1. THE CARTRIDGE BELT.--(a) To assemble the belt.
Place the adjusting strap on the ground, eyeleted edge to the front;
place the pocket sections on the ground in prolongation of the
adjusting strap, pockets down, tops of pockets to the front; insert
end of adjusting strap in outer loop of metal guide, from the upper
side, carry it under the middle bar and up through the inner loop;
engage the wire hook on the end of adjusting strap in the eyelets;
provided on the inner surface of the belt.
(b) To adjust the belt.
Adjust the belt to fit loosely about the waist--i.e., so that when
buckled it may rest well down over the hip bones on the sides of the
body and below the pit of the abdomen in front. Care should be taken
that the adjustment be made equally from both ends of the adjusting
strap, so that the center eyelet will be in the middle of the belt.
(c) To fill the belt.
Unsnap the flap of the pocket and the interior retaining strap; lay
the retaining strap out flat in prolongation of the pocket, insert a
clip of cartridges, points of bullets up, in front of the retaining
strap; press down until the base of the clip rests on the bottom of
the pocket; pass the retaining strap over the bullet points and fasten
it to the outside of the pocket by means of the fastener provided;
insert a second clip of cartridges, points of bullets down, in rear of
the first clip; press down until the points of the bullets rest on the
bottom of the pocket; close the flap of the pocket and fasten by means
of the fastener provided.
The remaining nine pockets are filled in like manner.
2. TO ATTACH THE FIRST-AID POUCH.--Attach the pouch under the second
pocket of the right section of the belt by inserting one hook of the
double-hook attachment in the eyelet, from the inside of the belt;
pinch the base of the pocket, bringing eyelets close together, and
insert the other hook in the same manner in the adjoining eyelet.
Place the first-aid packet in the pouch and secure the cover.
3. TO ATTACH THE CANTEEN COVER.--Attach the canteen cover to the belt
under the rear pocket of the right section in the same manner as the
first-aid pouch.
Place the canteen and cup (assembled) in the cover and secure the
flaps.
4. TO ATTACH THE PACK CARRIER TO THE HAVERSACK.--Spread the haversack
on the ground, inner side down, outer flap to the front (Fig. 4);
place the buttonholed edge of the pack carrier on the buttonholed edge
of the haversack, lettered side of carrier up; buttonholes of carrier
superimposed upon the corresponding ones of the haversack; lace the
carrier to the haversack by passing the ends of the coupling strap
down through the corresponding buttonholes of the carrier and
haversack nearest the center of the carrier, bringing the ends up
through the next buttonholes and continuing to the right and left,
respectively, to the sides.
5. TO ATTACH THE CARTRIDGE BELT TO THE HAVERSACK.--Place the haversack
and pack carrier (assembled) on the ground, inner side down (Fig. 5);
place the cartridge belt, pockets down, tops to the front, along the
junction of the haversack and carrier; insert hook on rear of belt
suspender in the center eyelet of the adjusting strap, so that the end
of the hook will be on the outside of the belt; insert hooks on ends
of front belt suspenders in the eyelets between the second and third
pockets from the outer ends of the belt, so that the end of the hooks
will be on the outside of the belt.
6. TO ATTACH THE BAYONET SCABBARD TO THE HAVERSACK.--Attach the
scabbard by passing its lower end through the loop provided on the
side of the haversack body, then engage the double-hook attachment in
the eyelets on the outer flap on the haversack, inserting the hooks
from the inside.
Place the bayonet in the scabbard.
7. TO ATTACH THE INTRENCHING TOOL CARRIER TO THE HAVERSACK.--Fold the
outer flap of the haversack over so that the meat-can pouch is
uppermost; pass the intrenching tool carrier underneath the meat-can
pouch and engage the double-hook attachment in the eyelets in the flap
provided, inserting the hooks from the underside.
Place the intrenching tool in the carrier and secure.
Place the meat-can, knife, fork, and spoon in the meat-can pouch.
The equipment is now assembled and is never disassembled except to
detach the pack carrier and its contents as hereinafter provided for.
To ASSEMBLE THE FULL EQUIPMENT.
(_With Rations._)
Place the assembled equipment on the ground, suspender side of
haversack down, pockets of cartridge belt up, haversack spread out,
inside flap and pack carrier extended their full length to the rear
(Fig. 6).
Place three cartons of hard bread in the center of the haversack body,
the lower one on the line of attachment of the inside flap; lay the
remaining carton of hard bread, the condiment can and the bacon can on
the top of these, the condiment can and the bacon can at the bottom,
top of the bacon can to the front; the socks and toilet articles are
rolled, towel on the outside, into a bundle of the same approximate
dimensions as a carton of hard bread, and are placed in front of the
two rows thus formed.
The inside flap of the haversack is folded over these articles, the
end of the flap being turned in so that the flap, thus shortened,
extends about 2 inches beyond the top of the upper row; the sides of
the haversack are folded over the sides of the rows; the upper binding
straps are passed through the loops on the outside of the inside flap,
each strap through the loop opposite the point of its attachment to
the haversack body, and fastened by means of the buckle on the
opposite side, the strap being passed through the opening in the
buckle next to its attachment, over the center bar, and back through
the opening of the buckle away from its attachment; the strap is
pulled tight to make the fastening secure; the outer flap of the
haversack is folded over and fastened by means of the lower haversack
binding strap and the buckle on the inside of the outer flap; the
strap is pulled tight, drawing the outer flap snugly over the filled
haversack.
The haversack is now packed and the carrier is ready for the reception
of the pack (Fig. 7).
If one haversack ration and one emergency ration are carried in lieu
of two haversack rations, the haversack is packed in the manner
described above, except that two cartons of hard bread and the bacon
can form the bottom layer, the bacon can on the bottom; the condiment
can, the emergency ration, and the toilet articles form the top layer.
If one emergency ration is carried in addition to the two haversack
rations, it is packed on top of the top layer.
TO MAKE THE PACK (Fig. 8).--Spread the shelter half on the ground and
fold in the triangular ends, forming an approximate square from the
half, the guy on the inside; fold the poncho once across its shortest
dimension, then twice across its longest dimension, and lay it in the
center of the shelter half; fold the blanket as described for the
poncho and place it on the latter; place the shelter tent pins in the
folds of the blanket, in the center and across the shortest dimension;
fold the edges of the shelter half snugly over the blanket and poncho
and, beginning on either of the short sides, roll tightly and
compactly. This forms the pack.
TO ASSEMBLE THE PACK (Fig. 9).--Place the pack in the pack carrier and
grasp the lower suspension rings, one in each hand; place the right
knee against the bottom of the roll; pull the carrier down and force
the pack up close against the bottom of the packed haversack; without
removing the knee, pass the lower carrier binding strap over the pack
and secure it by means of the opposite buckle; in a similar manner
secure the lower haversack binding strap and then the upper carrier
binding strap.
Engage the snap hook on the pack suspenders in the lower suspension
rings.
The equipment is now assembled and packed as prescribed for the full
equipment.
TO ASSEMBLE THE FULL EQUIPMENT.
(_Without Rations._)
Place the assembled equipment on the ground as heretofore described;
fold up the inside flap of the haversack so that its end will be on a
line with the top of the haversack body; fold up the lower haversack
strap in the same manner.
TO MAKE UP THE PACK.--Fold the poncho, blanket and shelter half, and
make up the pack as heretofore prescribed, except that the condiment
and bacon can (the former inside the latter) and the toilet articles
and socks are rolled in the pack. In this case the pack is rolled,
beginning on either of the long sides instead of the short sides, as
heretofore described.
TO ASSEMBLE THE PACK.--Place the pack on the haversack and pack
carrier, its upper end on a line with the upper edge of the haversack
body; bind it to the haversack and carrier by means of the haversack
and pack binding straps; fold down the outer flap on the haversack and
secure it by means of the free end of the middle haversack banding
strap and the buckle provided on the underside of the flap; engage the
snap hooks of the pack suspenders in the lower suspension rings.
The equipment is now packed and assembled (Fig. 10).
TO ADJUST THE EQUIPMENT TO THE SOLDIER.--Put on the equipment,
slipping the arms one at a time through the pack suspenders as through
the sleeves of a coat; by means of the adjusting buckles on the belt
suspenders, raise or lower the belt until it rests well down over the
hip bones on the sides and below the pit of the abdomen in front;
raise or lower it in rear until the adjusting strap lies smoothly
across the small of the back; by means of the adjusting buckles on the
pack suspenders, raise or lower the load on the back until the top of
the haversack is on a level with the top of the shoulders, the pack
suspenders, from their point of attachment to the haversack to the
line of tangency with the shoulder, being horizontal. _The latter is
absolutely essential to the proper adjustment of the load_.
The position of the belt is the same whether filled or empty.
TO ASSEMBLE THE FULL EQUIPMENT LESS THE PACK.
(_With Rations._)
(Fig. 11.)
Detach the carrier from, the haversack; place the rest of the
equipment on the ground as heretofore described; place the four
cartons of hard bread, the bacon can, the condiment can, and the
toilet articles in one row in the middle of the haversack body, the
toilet articles at the top, the bacon can at the bottom, top to the
front, the row extending from top to bottom of the haversack; fold the
inside flap over the row thus formed; fold the sides of the haversack
up and over; pass the three haversack binding straps through the loops
on the inside flap and secure by means of the buckles on the opposite
side of the haversack; pass the lower haversack binding strap through
the small buttonhole in the lower edge of the haversack, fold the
outer flap of the haversack over the whole and secure by means of the
buckle on its underside and the lower haversack binding strap.
Pass the haversack suspension rings through the contiguous buttonholes
in the lower edge of the haversack and engage the snap hooks on the
ends of the pack suspenders.
If one haversack ration and one emergency ration are carried in lieu
of two haversack rations, the haversack is packed in the manner
described above, except that one emergency ration is substituted for
two of the cartons of hard bread.
If one emergency ration is carried in addition to the two haversack
rations, it is packed on top of the layer.
TO ASSEMBLE THE FULL EQUIPMENT LESS THE PACK.
(_Without Rations._)
Detach the carrier from the haversack; place the rest of the equipment
on the ground as heretofore described; fold up the inside flap of the
haversack until its upper end is on a line with the top of the
haversack body; fold the sides of the haversack over, pass the three
haversack binding straps through the loops on the inside flap and
secure by means of the buckles on the opposite side of the haversack;
pass the lower haversack binding strap through the small buttonhole in
the lower edge of the haversack; place the condiment and bacon can
(the former inside the latter) and the toilet articles and socks in
the bottom of the pouch thus formed; fold the outer flap of the
haversack over the whole and secure by means of the buckle on its
underside and the lower haversack binding strap.
Pass the haversack suspension rings through the contiguous buttonholes
in the lower edge of the haversack and engage the snap hooks on the
ends of the pack suspenders.
TO ADJUST THE EQUIPMENT TO THE SOLDIER.--Put on the equipment as
prescribed for the full equipment. Adjust the cartridge belt as
prescribed for the full equipment. Adjust the pack suspenders so that
the top of the haversack is on a level with the top of the shoulders.
TO DISCARD THE PACK WITHOUT REMOVING THE EQUIPMENT FROM THE BODY.
Unsnap the pack suspenders from the suspension rings and snap them
into the eyelets on top of the belt and in rear of the rear pockets of
the right and left pocket sections; support the bottom of the pack
with the left hand and with the right hand grasp the coupling strap at
its middle and withdraw first one end, then the other; press down
gently on the pack with both hands and remove it. When the pack has
been removed, lace the coupling strap into the buttonholes along the
upper edge of the carrier. Adjust the pack suspenders.
For illustration of how packs are made up and carried, see Privates'
Manual, Chapter 2.
CARE OF EQUIPMENT.
LEATHER.--1. Keep leather clean. Use material furnished by Ordnance
Department, or castile soap and water.
2. Oil leather frequently to keep it pliable. Use Neatsfoot oil,
Viscol or Harness soap.
3. Dry in the shade; never in the sun or in artificial heat. Always
store in a cool, dry place without artificial heat. Shoe polishes are
almost always injurious.
WOOLEN CLOTHES.--Wash in tepid or cold water with a non-alkaline soap;
do not wring it out; dry in the shade.
MENDING.--Always keep equipment ready for use.
CLOTH EQUIPMENT.--DRY CLEANING.--Scrub with a stiff brush frequently.
WASHING.--Only under the direction of an officer.
Dissolve 1 piece of Q.M. soap (not yellow), in 9 cups of water. One
cup will clean the equipment of one man. Apply with a brush and lather
well. Rub soap directly on persistent spots. Wash off in cold water
and dry in the shade.
INSTRUCTIONS ON MAKING PACKS.
FOUR METHODS:
Full equipment with rations.
Full equipment without rations.
Full equipment less pack, with rations.
Full equipment less pack, without rations.
Haversack, Weight 9-1/4
Carrier Cartridge belt, canteen, Weight 11-1/2
Suspenders Mess Rations Weight 10-1/2
Mess pouch Gun 9
Clothing 7
-------
40
ADJUSTING CARTRIDGE BELT.--1. Fits loosely around waist. 2. Resting on
hips. 3. Hole between buckles. Insert ammunition: First, clip in
front, points up, fastened with retaining strap, Second clip points
down. First aid pouch under 4th pocket, left. Canteen under rear
pocket, right. Bayonet between 3rd and 4th pocket, left. (New bayonet
scabbard fastens on haversack.)
DISTRIBUTION OF INTRENCHING TOOLS IN THE SQUADS.
No. 3 rear of each odd-numbered squad ... Bolo
No. 3 rear of each even-numbered squad ... Hand Axe.
No. 1 rear of each squad ... Pick Mattock.
Nos. 1, 2 and 3 front of each squad ... Shovels
No. 2 rear of each squad ... Wire Cutter.