Why comes the flower upon the plant? That fruit may come. And why the
fruit? That it may hold, protect, and cherish the seed. And why the
seed? That the plant may have offspring--that other plants may grow
up and be as near like itself as one living thing can well be like
another.
The flower is the beginning of the seed, the first step toward
reproduction, and the fruit is the flower completed. If it does throw
aside its floral ornaments,--its petals or other adorning or useful
parts of its blooming period,--it still retains the maturing seed and
ends in the ripened fruit.
Look inside of almost any flower and you will see embosomed in its
petals the thread-like organs called stamens with little yellow knobs
at their ends. Shake them; if they are ripe, they will give up the fine
dust or pollen, so light that the breeze will blow it away.
Some flowers have few stamens, some have many, and of the latter the
apple and cherry blossoms afford examples. Most of the different
grasses have three stamens to each of their little flowers. For
example, a head of timothy-grass has a long thick bunch of flowers,
crowded together at the top of the slender stem. Early in the summer,
about June, you may see the little stamens peeping out all around,
three of them together, and their little golden knobs dangling in the
breeze. Some plants have only two stamens on a flower, and there is
a water plant, called the mare’s-tail, with only one stamen. A few
flowers, indeed, are wholly destitute of this organ.
Besides the stamens, there are also in most flowers, other threads,
stems, or knobs, somewhat like the stamens, but generally of a
different color. These pistils, as they are called, have their place in
the centre of the flower, whilst the stamens stand around them. Unlike
the stamens, the pistils have no pollen; but it is on the latter that
the pollen must fall, in order that the plant may bear seed. It is in
the bottom of the pistils, that the seeds grow, but there will be no
seed, unless the dust or pollen from the stamens, falls on the pistils.
Most plants bear flowers that have both stamens and pistils. Such
flowers are called _perfect_ flowers. But there are also plants that
have two kinds of flowers, in some of which are stamens only, and
in the others pistils only. Again, there are plants, some of which
have flowers with stamens only, and others of which have flowers with
pistils only. The willow-trees are such plants.
Of the five senses, flowers address themselves most feelingly to two.
In delighting the sense of smell they stand pre-eminent--almost alone.
Does true fragrance ever come from anything but a plant? and are not
flowers especially the generous dispensers of grateful odors? And to
the eye what wealth of beauty do they unfold!
We need think of no more than the lily, the pink, and the rose. Was
_anything_ ever arrayed like one of these? When we look upon them they
fill the heart with joy. We smell of them, and exclaim that their
fragrance exceeds even their beauty. Again we look upon them, and now
we aver that their beauty surpasses their perfume.
_Word Exercise._
pĕt´als
slĕn´der
cher´ish
dangling (_dang´gling_)
pŏl´len
re-tains´
ar-rayed´
pĭs´tils
stā´mens
blos´soms
ma-tūr´ing
per´fume
ad-drĕss´
a-dorn´ing
frā´grance
_Phrase Exercise._
1. Floral ornaments.--2. Blooming period.--3. Afford
examples.--4. Golden knobs.--5. Wholly destitute.--6. _Perfect_
flowers.--7. They stand pre-eminent.--8. True fragrance.--9.
Generous dispensers.--10. Grateful odors.