China, great wall of, 79
Chipchase (Northumberland), castle, 156, 236, 312
Christchurch (Hants), castle, 123, P. M. Johnston; 128, 189, 192, 193
—— priory church, 93, 94
Cilurnum (Northumberland), 13, A. Thompson (after Bruce); 15, 17,
18, 19
Cirencester (Gloucester), 25
Cissbury (Sussex), 2, 25
Clare (Suffolk), castle, 188
—— Gilbert de, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, 270
Clark, G. T., 30
Clavering (Essex), castle, 37
Clement VI., pope, 250
Cleveland (Yorks, N. R.), 85
Clifford’s hill (Northampton), 84
Clifton (Bristol), promontory forts, 2, 8
Clinton, family of, 365
Clipsham (Rutland), 197
Clun (Salop), 2, 6
—— castle, 43, 127, A. Thompson; 43, 50, 119, 128, 129, 131, 145
Clwyd river, 275
Cnut, king, 33, 34
Colchester (Essex), 12, 19, 26, 29, 65;
castle, 47, 101, A. Thompson; 47, 83, 100, 124, 125, 127, 128, 133,
134, 137, 146, 150, 154, 188, 317
Cole, John, 274, 275
Colne river (Essex), 29
Compton castle (Devon), 358
Compton Wyniates (Warwick), manor-house, 193, 210, 308, 359
Conisbrough (Yorks, W. R.), castle, 166, 167, 168, A. Thompson; 217,
G. Hepworth; 42, 85, 86, 149, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 178,
179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 188, 212, 216, 342
Constantinople, siege of, 73, 77, 78, 81, 164, 262, 263
Conway (Carnarvon), 317;
castle, 234, 256, G. T. Clark; 261, 262, 263, A. Thompson; 7, 88,
177, 205, 209, 210, 229, 233, 236, 242, 252, 255, 257, 258, 261,
262, 265, 268, 270, 275, 276, 279, 280, 282, 291, 322, 334, 352
—— town walls, 88, 177, 240, 250, 251, 291, 295, 296
Coquet river, 86, 219, 298
Corbridge-on-Tyne (Northumberland), 18;
_see_ Corstopitum
—— pele-tower, 156, 312
Corfe (Dorset), castle, 102, 131, 132, 155
Corstopitum (Northumberland), 18, 22
Cosin, John, bishop of Durham, 198, 200
Coucy (Aisne), castle, 81, 177, A. Thompson; 80, 81, 82, 171, 176,
177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 189, 216, 225, 241, 242, 248, 264, 269,
284, 285, 322, 338
—— town walls, 240, 250, 295, 297
—— Enguerrand III., seigneur de, 176
—— VII., 338
Courcy-sur-Dives (Calvados), 67
Coutances (Manche), 23
Coventry and Lichfield, bishop of, _see_ Langton
Cowdray castle (Sussex), 360
Cradyfargus tower at Warkworth, 194, 219, 247
Cranborne (Dorset), 25
Cromwell, Ralph, Lord, 345, 347, 352
Cynewulf, king, 36
D
Dacre, Lord, of Gillesland, 361
Dalyngrugge, Sir Edward, 322, 325
Danby Wiske (Yorks, N. R.), church-tower, 316
Danelaw, the, 28, 34
Dead sea (Palestine), 263
Dee river, 24
Delhi, 79
Denbigh, castle, 185, 224, 229, 255, 327, 360
Denmark, king of, _see_ Swegen
Derby, 29, 30
Derwent river (Derby), 345
—— (Durham and Northumberland), 316
—— (Yorks), 85
Despenser, Hugh, 274
Devizes (Wilts), 24
Devon river, 99
Didier, St, bishop of Cahors, 65
Dinan (Ille-et-Vilaine), castle, 46, A. Thompson, after Bayeux
tapestry; 45
D’Oily, Robert, 104
Dol (Ille-et-Vilaine), castle, 45
Dolbadarn (Carnarvon), tower, 183, 184, A. Thompson; 87, 185
Dolebury (Somerset), 8, 25
Dolwyddelan (Carnarvon), castle, 185
Domfront (Orne), castle, 284, A. Thompson; 51, 52, 117, 118, 120,
142, 145, 284, 285
—— town walls, 250
Don river, 85
Doncaster (Yorks, W.R.), 85, 100
Dorchester (Dorset), 2, 19
Dove river, 42
Dover (Kent), 37;
castle, 126, G. T. Clark; 37, 119, 120, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137,
138, 141, 146, 149, 150, 154, 155, 159, 241, 265, 308
Drayton house (Northampton), 205
Dudley, Robert, earl of Leicester, 337
Duffield (Derby), castle, 132
Dumfries, 304
Dunheved (Cornwall), 89
Dunstanburgh (Northumberland), castle, 219, 308, 309, 327
Durham, bishops of, _see_ Bek, Cosin, Flambard, Hatfield, Pudsey,
Skirlaw, Tunstall
Durham, 24;
castle, 199, _Archaeol. Journal_; 201, Billings; 203, J. P. Gibson;
44, 86, 107, 108, 189, 200, 202, 275
—— cathedral, 153
—— University college, 200
Dyrham (Gloucester), battle of, 25
E
Earls Barton (Northampton), castle and church, 45, 52, 109
Easingwold (Yorks, N.R.), 296
East Anglia, king of, _see_ Edmund
Échauffour (Orne), castle, 52
Eddisbury (Chester), 29
Eden river, 312
Edgar the Ætheling, 39
Edmund, king of East Anglia, 28
—— Ironside, king, 33, 34
Edward the Confessor, king, 37
—— the Elder, king, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 41
—— I., king, 241, 252, 275, 276, 290, 291, 292, 298, 304, 307,
317, 327
—— II., king, 185, 301, 307
—— III., king, 109, 266, 291, 301, 307
Egbert, king, 27
Elizabeth, queen, 337, 345, 361
Ellesmere (Salop), castle, 119
Elmham (Suffolk), 24
Elmley (Worcester), castle, 109
Elne (Pyrénèes-Orientales), cathedral, 315
Elsdon (Northumberland), fortified rectory, 312
Embleton (Northumberland), fortified vicarage, 312
Emperors, _see_ Charles V., Henry the Fowler, Vespasian
England, kings of, _see_ Cnut, Edward I., Edward II., Edward III.,
Henry I., Henry II., Henry III., Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VIII.,
John, Richard I., Richard II., Stephen, William I., William II.
England, queens of, _see_ Elizabeth, Isabel
Erghum, Ralph, bishop of Salisbury, 301
Ermine street, 21
Erve river, 90
Etampes (Seine-et-Oise), castle, 172, A. Thompson; 172, 186
Ethelred the Redeless, king, 28, 33
Eudes, count of Paris (Hugh Capet), 63, 64
Eustace, son of John, 116
Evreux (Eure), abbey of Saint-Taurin, 22;
count of, _see_ Amaury
Ewenny (Glamorgan), priory church, 315
Ewias Harold (Hereford), castle, 37
Exeter (Devon), 21, 23, 39;
castle, 39, 40, 83, 95, 96, 98, 113
—— cathedral close, 298
F
Falaise (Calvados), castle, 117, A. Thompson; 54, 100, 117, 118, 120,
322
Farnham (Hants), castle, 115
Ferrers (Walkelin de), 197
Fiennes, Sir Roger, 358, 359
Fitzwilliam, Sir William, 300
Flambard, Ranulf, bishop of Durham, 133
Flamborough head (Yorks, E.R.), 86
Flint, castle, 181, 182, 249
Foss river, 41
Fosseway, the, 21
Fougères (Ille-et-Vilaine), 250, A. Thompson; 250, 304
France, Capetian kings of, 34;
and _see_ Hugh Capet, Louis VI., Louis IX., Philip I., Philip II.,
Philip III.
—— Carolingian kings of, 36;
_see_ Neustria
—— Valois kings of, _see_ Francis I., Henry II., Louis XII.
Francis I., king of France, 290, 337, 338
Freeman, Professor E. A., 30
Frome river (Bristol), 88, 296;
(Dorset), 2, 19
Fulk the Black, count of Anjou, 116
G
Gainsborough (Lincoln), 100, 101, 358
—— old hall, 355, 356, 358
Galmanho (York), 33
Galtres forest (Yorks, N.R.), 55, 85
Gannock’s castle, _see_ Tempsford
Gariannonum (Suffolk), 12;
and _see_ Burgh castle
Garonne river, 27
Gaunt, John of, _see_ Lancaster, John, duke of,
Gête-aux-Lièvres, 66
Gilbert, family of, 358
Gilling, East (Yorks), castle, 312
Gisors (Eure), castle, 166, 176
Gloucester, 14, 22, 25, 37
—— castle, 119
—— duke of, Humphrey, 308
—— earl of, _see_ Clare
Godwin, earl, 37
Goël, Ascelin, 55
Goodmanham (Yorks, E.R.), 23
Goodrich (Hereford), castle, 174, C. Gethen, G. W. Saunders; 175, 185
Gower (Glamorgan), fortified churches in, 315
Gower, Henry, bishop of St David’s, 338, 341
Goxhill (Lincoln), “priory,” 190
Gravesend (Kent), 119
Guildford (Surrey), castle, 128, A. Thompson; 100, 128, 129, 131,
132, 133, 134, 138, 145, 149, 153, 154, 156, 189
Gundulf, bishop of Rochester, 120
Gwendraeth Fach river, 279
H
Haddon, Nether (Derby), 342;
hall, 340, H. Baker; 343, G. J. Gillham; 193, 206, 315, 342, 345
Hadleigh (Suffolk), rectory, 355
Hallaton (Leicester), castle, 51, A. Thompson
Halton (Northumberland), pele-tower, 312
Hambleton hills (Yorks, N.R.), 85
Hamelin Plantagenet, 167
Hardwick hall (Derby), 318
Harewood (Yorks, W.R.), castle, 85
Harlech (Merioneth), castle, 273, G. T. Clark; 274, A. Thompson; 160,
189, 209, 210, 211, 225, 236, 249, 261, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279,
280, 282, 284, 289, 309, 322, 325
Harold, king, 36, 38, 190, 192
Hastings (Sussex), 37;
castle, 38, A. Thompson (after Bayeux tapestry); 38, 39, 40, 43,
45, 46, 102, 108, 109, 119, 128, 209, 360
Hatfield, Thomas, bishop of Durham, 202, 310
Haughmond abbey (Salop), 192
Haughton (Northumberland), castle, 317, 338
Haverfordwest (Pembroke), castle, 341
Hawarden (Flint), castle, 184
Hedingham (Essex), castle, 135, 147, F. R. Taylor; 44, 128, 131, 132,
133, 134, 137, 145, 146, 155, 156, 159
Helmsley (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 85, 131
Henry I., king, 66, 71, 85, 117, 118, 133, 189, 193
—— II., king, 56, 57, 83, 89, 118, 120, 133, 159, 160, 165, 166, 167,
176, 188, 202, 212
—— III., king, 55, 162, 185, 188, 202, 205, 265, 270
—— IV., king, 279, 330, 336
—— V., king, 327
—— VIII., king, 337, 361
—— II., king of France, 337
—— the Fowler, emperor, 26
Hérault department, fortified churches in, 315
Hereford, 37;
castle, 119;
earl of, _see_ William, son of Osbern
Herefordshire, Norman castle in, 37
Hertford, 29, 30, 32;
castle, 30, 32, 119;
earl of, _see_ Clare
Hestengaceaster (Sussex), 45
Heton, Thomas de, 318
Hexham (Northumberland), 317;
fortified manor-house, 312
Higham Ferrers (Northampton), castle and church, 109
Hingston down (Cornwall), battle of, 27
Holderness (Yorks, E.R.), 86
Holy Island (Northumberland), castle, 86
Horkstow (Lincoln), Roman villa, 12
Horncastle (Lincoln), 355
Houdan (Seine-et-Oise), donjon, 165
Housesteads (Northumberland), 15;
and _see_ Borcovicus
Hubert, count of Maine, 66, 90
Hugh Capet, king of France; _see_ Eudes
Hull (Yorks, E.R.), 296
Humber estuary, 28, 85
Huntingdon, 29, 30
—— castle, 39, 40, 362
Hurstmonceaux (Sussex), castle, 323, E. A. and G. R. Reeve; 359,
A. Thompson; 330, 358, 359, 360
I
Ida, king of Northumbria, 25
Ireland, passage from England to, 179
Isabel, queen of England, 274
Issoudun (Indre), donjon, 175
Ivry (Eure), castle, 55
J
Jerusalem, kingdom of, 263
—— siege of, 67, 70
Jervaulx abbey (Yorks, N.R.), 192
Jeufosse (Seine-et-Oise), 27
John, king, 162, 194
Jublains (Mayenne), 23
K
Kala’at-el-Hosn; _see_ Krak des Chevaliers
Kenilworth (Warwick), castle, 132, 337, A. Thompson; 129, 131, 132,
133, 134, 138, 146, 149, 154, 156, 209, 210, 233, 234, 247, 270,
271, 279, 297, 317, 322, 336, 337
Kentwell hall (Suffolk), 359
Kerak in Moab, castle, 240, 241, 263
Kidwelly (Carmarthen), castle, 225, 281, A. Thompson; 267, G. T.
Clark; 211, 224, 269, 275, 279-82, 304, 309
Kimbolton (Hunts), castle, 365, 366
Kinnard’s Ferry (Lincoln), castle, 56, 57, 83
Kirkby Malzeard (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 56, 57, 83
Knaresborough (Yorks, W.R.) castle, 85, 86, 216, 279, 310, 312, 327
Knighton (Radnor), 6
Krak, le, des Chevaliers, 176, A. Thompson (after G. Rey); 176, 263
Kyme (Lincoln), tower, 355
L
Labienus, Titus, 61
Lacy, Henry de, earl of Lincoln, 327
—— Ilbert de, 56
—— Roger de, 102
Laigle (Orne), castle, 193
Lamotte, significance of place-name, 46
Lamphey (Pembroke), manor-house, 341, A. Thompson; 338, 341, 342
Lancaster castle, 104, 145, 246, 279, 327, 328, 336, 337
—— duchy of, castles of, 279, 327, 336
—— —— records of, 186, 336, 361
—— John, duke of, 336, 337
—— Thomas, earl of, 308
Langeais (Indre-et-Loire), castle, 116
Langley (Northumberland), castle, 156, 317
Langton, Walter, bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 298
Languedoc, fortified churches in, 315
Laon (Aisne), 295
Launceston (Cornwall), castle, 89, 182, 188, 264, 362
Laval (Mayenne), castle, 80, A. Thompson; 81, 88
—— town walls, 88
Lea river, 29, 120
Leconfield (Yorks, E.R.), manor-house, 307
Leeds (Kent), castle, 326
—— (Yorks, W.R.), 56
Leicester, 22, 29, 30
—— castle, 88, 109, 197
—— earl of, _see_ Dudley
Le Roy, Pierre, abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel, 236
Lewes (Sussex), castle, 50, 98, A. Thompson; 49, 96, 97, 98, 99, 115,
220, 235, 236, 360
Lichfield (Stafford), 24;
bishop of, _see_ Coventry
—— cathedral close, 298
Liddington (Rutland), manor-house, 190, 301
Lilbourne (Northampton), castle, 43, 51
Lille (Nord), 290
Lillebonne (Seine-Inférieure), edict of, 89, 90, 102
Lincoln, 12, 18, 19, 20, 23, 30, 301, 355
—— bishops of, 85;
and _see_ Alexander, Burghersh
—— bishop’s palace, 198, 301, 338, 348, 351
—— castle, 40, W. G. Watkins; 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50,
85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 114, 115, 188, 236, 279, 301
—— cathedral, 23, 94
—— cathedral close, 298, 301;
gatehouses, 301, 303
—— city walls, 20, 296
—— earl of, _see_ Lacy
Lindsey, parts of (Lincoln), 28
Llanberis (Carnarvon), 87, 185
Llandovery (Carmarthen), castle, 87, 229
Llanfihangel-cwm-Du (Brecon), church tower, 316
Llanstephan (Carmarthen), castle, 249, 308, 309
Llawhaden (Pembroke), castle, 342
Loches (Indre-et-Loire), castle, 82
Lodève (Hérault), cathedral, 315
Loire river, 27
Lois Weedon (Northampton), church, 100
London, 21, 26, 27, 28, 37, 38, 64, 65, 295
—— Baynard’s castle, 38, 39
—— Blackfriars, 39
—— Fleet Street, house of bishops of Salisbury, 301
—— St Paul’s cathedral close, 298
—— Tower of, 121, 122, A. Thompson; 123, P. M. Johnston;
38, 39, 40, 47, 88, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 134,
137, 146, 150, 154, 188, 202, 210, 223, 225, 226, 234, 265, 266,
268, 277
Longchamp, William, bishop of Ely, 265
Louis VI., king of France, 66, 67, 68, 93, 165
—— IX., king of France, 68, 74, 264
—— XII, king of France, 337, 338
Lucca (Tuscany), 290
Lucé (Orne), castle, 52
Ludlow (Salop), castle, 94, 95, 96, 108, A. Thompson; 106, R. Keene;
195, C. Gethen; 87, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110,
113, 137, 149, 153, 156, 159, 161, 189, 194, 206, 207, 209, 210,
212, 215, 219, 229, 252, 304, 330, 334, 335
—— town walls, 87
Ludlow, Lawrence of, 307
Lumley (Durham), castle, 318
Lundenburh, 26
M
Magdeburg (Prussian Saxony), 26
Maiden Castle (Dorset), 2, 3, A. Thompson; 2, 3, 5, 19, 26, 230, 282
Maine, count of, _see_ Hubert
Malassis, 66
Malcolm IV., king of Scots, 120
Maldon (Essex), 29;
battle of, 63
Malet, William, 39
Mailing, West (Kent), St Leonard’s church, 120
Malton (Yorks, N. R.), castle, 85
Manorbier (Pembroke), castle, 208, A. Thompson; 217, C. Gethen; 189,
192, 207, 208, 209, 211, 215, 229, 304, 316, 334, 335
Mans, le (Sarthe), 22, 23
Mansurah (Lower Egypt), 68, 74
Mantes (Seine-et-Oise), 27
Markenfield (Yorks, W.R.), manor-house, 307, 308, 338
Marlborough (Wilts.), 24
Marmion, Robert, 101
Marne river, 27
Marrah (Syria), siege of, 71
Marseilles (Bouches-du-Rhône), abbey church of Saint-Victor, 315
—— siege of, 61, 62, 70, 73, 78
Marshal, William, earl of Pembroke and Striguil, 179
Marton (Lincoln), church, 100, 101
Massilia, _see_ Marseilles
Mâte-Putain, 66
Maule, siege of, 90
Maxstoke (Warwick), castle, 364, H. Baker; 365, 366, 367
Medway river, 365
Méhun-sur-Yèvre (Cher), castle, 338
Melbourne (Derby), castle, 336
Melsonby (Yorks, N.R.), church-tower, 315
Melun (Seine-et-Marne), 27
Merchem, castle of, 53, 54
Mercia, kingdom of, 28;
kings of, _see_ Offa, Penda
Mercians, lady of the, _see_ Æthelflaed
Merseburg (Prussian Saxony), 26
Mersey river, 28, 29
Merton (Surrey), 36
Mexborough (Yorks, W. R.), castle, 42, 51
Middleham (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 85, 87, 132, 133, 134, 142, 150,
310, 312
Midhurst (Sussex), 360
Milford haven, 179
Mitford (Northumberland), castle, 86, 166, 167
Moel Siabod (Carnarvon), 185
Moissac (Tarn-et-Garonne), abbey, 315
Monkchester, _see_ Muncanceaster
Monkton (Pembroke), priory church, 316
Monmouth, fortified bridge, 297, A. Thompson; 298
Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne), Pont des Consuls, 297
Montgomery castle, 43
Montmajour (Bouches-du-Rhône), fortified abbey, 315
Montmartre (Seine), 64
Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche), abbey, 235, A. Thompson; 236;
abbots of, _see_ Le Roy, Tustin
—— town walls, 291, A. Thompson; 250, 289
Morpeth (Northumberland), 166
Mortham (Yorks, N. R.), manor-house, 338
Mount Bures (Essex), 44, 46
Mowbray, Robert, 66, 90
—— vale of (Yorks, N.R.), 83
Mowbrays, revolt of the, 56, 83
Muncanceaster (Northumberland), 21
N
Naeodunum Diablintum (Mayenne), 23
Nantes (Loire-Inférieure), 27
Narbonne (Aude), 65
Naworth (Cumberland), castle, 189
Nettleham (Lincoln), manor-house, 301
Neufmarché, Bernard de, _see_ Newmarch
Neustria, kingdom of, 34;
kings of, _see_ Charles
Neville, John, Lord, 310, 317
Newark-on-Trent (Nottingham), castle, 99, A. Thompson; 157, F. Bond;
85, 86, 97, 98, 99, 189, 202, 360
Newcastle-on-Tyne (Northumberland), 21, 22
—— castle, 139, 152, J. P. Gibson; 227, A. Thompson; 22, 47, 48, 51,
86, 88, 120, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 141, 146, 149, 153,
154, 155, 156, 166, 169, 188, 202, 210, 227, 265
—— town walls, 293, W. Maitland; 88, 292
Newmarch, Bernard of, 56
Newport (Monmouth), castle, 362
Newton Nottage (Glamorgan), fortified church, 315
Nidd river, 85
Nile river, 68
Niort (Deux-Sèvres), castle, 175
Noirmoutier (Vendée), 27, 28
Norham (Northumberland), castle, 157, J. P. Gibson; 86, 129, 131,
132, 133, 149, 160, 163
Normandy, duchy of, 28, 34;
dukes of, _see_ Robert, Rollo;
mount-and-bailey castles in, 45, 51, 52
Northallerton (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 56, 57, 83
Northampton, 44
—— town wall, 295
Northumberland, earls of, 211;
_see_ Percy
Northumbria, kingdom of, 28;
king of, _see_ Ida
Norwich (Norfolk), castle, 88, 128, 134, 137, 141, 155
—— cathedral close, 298
—— town wall, 88, 89, 301
Nottingham, 28, 29, 30, 32
—— castle, 30, 32, 39, 41, 85, 88, 120
Nunney (Somerset), castle, 325
Nuremberg (Middle Franconia), town walls, 82
O
Oakham (Rutland), castle, 107, 197, 198, 362
Ockley (Surrey), battle of, 28
Odiham (Hants), castle, 185
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, 66
Offa, king of Mercia, 24, 32
Offa’s dyke, 24
Oise river, 27
Oissel (Seine-Inférieure), 27
Old Sarum (Wilts), camp and castle, 4, A. H. Allcroft; 3, 5, 6, 19,
24, 25, 153, 154, 210, 301
Orford (Suffolk), castle, 119, 165, 166, 168, 170
Orléans, Charles, duke of, 337
—— Louis, duke of, 338
Orontes river, 164
Osbern, _see_ William
Oswestry (Salop), 24;
castle, 119
Othona (Essex), 22
Otley (Yorks, W.R.), 85
Ouse river, Great, 29, 30, 33, 63;
(Yorkshire), 41, 85
Oxburgh (Norfolk), hall, 355
Oxford castle, 88, 104, 108, 119, 188
—— Christ Church, 190
—— New college, 190
P
Pamiers (Ariège), cathedral, 315
Paris (Seine), 22, 27;
count of, _see_ Eudes;
Louvre, donjon of, 178;
siege of, by Danes, 27, 63, 64, 65, 67, 70, 81
Peak castle (Derby), 35, 156, 315
Pembroke, castle, 180, 224, A. Thompson; 181, _Archaeol. Journal_;
213, C. Gethen; 179, 180, 182, 202, 212, 215, 223, 224, 225, 236,
239, 240, 248, 251, 316
—— St Mary’s church, 316
Pembroke, earl of, _see_ Marshal, William
Pembrokeshire, churches of, 316
Penda, king of Mercia, 25
Penmaenmawr (Carnarvon), 8
Penrith (Cumberland), castle, 316
Penshurst (Kent), manor-house, 206
Pentecost’s castle (Hereford), 37
Pentrich (Derby), 345
Penwortham (Lancaster), castle, 327
Percy, Sir Henry, 307, 309
—— Henry, earl of Northumberland, 328, 330
—— house of, 348
Périers (Calvados), church, 100
Perrott, Sir John, 333
Peterborough (Northants), 25
—— abbey precinct, 298
Petworth (Sussex), manor-house, 307
Pevensey (Sussex), Roman station and castle, 16, 246, A. Thompson;
12, 16, 22, 247, 360
Philip I., king of France, 55
—— II. (Augustus), king of France, 62, 70, 71, 73, 76, 175, 176, 178,
215, 216, 322
—— III., king of France, 264
Pickering (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 43, 85, 86, 115, 279
Pierrefonds (Oise), castle, 338
Pistes, edict of, 32, 35, 55
Pitt-Rivers, General A. H. L. F., 25
Poitiers (Vienne), 27
Poitou, Roger of, 327
Pons Aelii (Northumberland), 21
Pontaudemer (Eure), 71
Pontefract (Yorks, W.R.), castle, 49, 56, 85, 86, 185, 186, 187, 236,
279, 336, 360
Porchester (Hants), Roman station and castle, 97, 131, A. Thompson;
12, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 122, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137, 141, 142,
145, 146, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 189, 235, 247, 335, 352
Portishead (Somerset), 24
Portsmouth harbour, 99, 335
Portus Adurni, 12
—— Magnus (Hants), 12
Potterne (Wilts), manor-house, 301
Poundbury (Dorset), 2, 19, 25
Prague (Bohemia), bridge, 297, 298
Provins (Seine-et-Marne), castle, 172, 182
Prudentius, bishop of Troves, 27
Prudhoe (Northumberland), castle, 86, 315
Pudsey, Hugh, bishop of Durham, 56, 107, 133, 198, 200, 202
Puiset, le (Eure-et-Loir), siege of, 67, 68
Pyrénées-Orientales department, fortified churches in, 315
R
Raby (Durham), castle, 311, _Archaeol. Journal_; 310, 317, 318, 322
Raglan (Monmouth), castle, 331, G. W. Saunders; 269, 330
Ramsbury (Wilts), manor-house, 301
Raymond, count of Toulouse, 70, 71
Reading (Berks), 28
Rede, William, bishop of Chichester, 360
Reims (Marne), 22
Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), castle, 45, A. Thompson (after Bayeux
tapestry)
Restormel (Cornwall), castle, 52, 230, 335
Rhiangol river, 183
Rhône river, 304
Rhuddlan (Flint), castle, 229, 249, 275, 276, 280
Rhymney river, 274
Rhys ap Thomas, 330
Ribble river, 327
Richard I., king, 172, 176, 265
—— II., king, 307
Richborough (Kent), 12, 22
Richmond (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 93, A. Thompson; 47, 51, 56, 85, 87,
90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 101, 104, 107, 131, 133, 134, 137, 146, 149,
153, 159, 163, 178, 189, 202, 212, 215, 252, 304, 308, 342, 345;
earl of, _see_ Alan
Ripon (Yorks, W.R.), 24
Rising (Norfolk), castle, 143, G. H. Widdows; 131, 132, 133, 134,
141, 142, 143, 146, 150, 154, 156, 188, 194
Robert, duke of Normandy, 55, 67, 117, 193
—— of Jumièges, archbishop of Canterbury, 37
—— son of Giroie, 52, 90
—— son of Roger, 194
Robert’s castle, 37
Roche-Guyon, la (Seine-et-Oise), castle, 172, 175
Roche-sur-Igé, la (Orne), castle, 52
Rochester (Kent), Boley hill, 128;
bishop of, _see_ Gundulf;
castle, frontispiece, J. Bailey; 145, A. Thompson; 66, 120, 125,
127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 141, 142, 145, 149, 150,
154, 155, 156, 159, 162, 163, 177
—— cathedral, 120
Rockingham (Northants), castle, 205, 226, A. Thompson; 202, 205, 226,
227, 266, 360
Roger, bishop of Salisbury, 98
—— of Newburgh, earl of Warwick, 109
Rollo, duke of Normandy, 28
Rome, 292
Rothbury (Northumberland), fortified rectory, 312
Rother river, 325
Rouen (Seine-Inférieure), 22, 27, 66, 176;
abbey of Saint-Ouen, 22;
castle, 23, 82, 117, 176, 178;
priory of Ste-Trinité-du-Mont, 85
Roussillon, fortified churches in, 315
Royat (Puy-de-Dôme), fortified church, 315
Runcorn (Chester), 29
Ruthin (Denbigh), castle, 119
Rutupiae (Kent), 12;
_see_ Richborough
Rye (Sussex), 325
Ryedale (Yorks, N.R.), 85
S
Saint-Cénéri-le-Gérei (Orne), castle, 52, 90
Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (Eure), treaty of, 28
Saint-Claude (Jura), cathedral, 315
St David’s (Pembroke), bishop’s palace, 338 341, 342
—— bishops of, _see_ Gower, Vaughan
Saint-Denis (Seine), abbey, 32, 315
Saint-Malo (Ille-et-Vilaine), town walls, 290, A. Thompson; 250, 289
Saint-Paul-du-Var (Alpes-Maritimes), 290
Saint-Pol, count of, 216
Saint-Pons (Hérault), cathedral, 315
Sainte-Suzanne (Mayenne), castle, 66, 90
Saintes-Maries-sur-la-Mer, les (Bouches-du-Rhône), fortified church,
315
Salisbury (Wilts), 25;
and _see_ Old Sarum
—— bishop’s palace, 301
—— bishops of, _see_ Erghum, Roger, Wyvill
—— cathedral close, 301
—— city walls, 301
Sandal (Yorks, W.R.), castle, 86, _Yorks. Archæol. Journal_; 85, 86,
230
Sandwich (Kent), 22
Sarthe river, 23
Savernake park (Wilts), 24
Saracens in southern France, 65
Scarborough (Yorks, N. R.), 296;
castle, 129, A. Thompson; 85, 119, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 137,
138, 142, 145, 149, 160, 175, 202, 216, 230, 233, 236, 360
Scots, kings of, _see_ Malcolm IV., William the Lion
Scratchbury (Wilts), 25
Searobyrig (Wilts), 25;
_see_ Old Sarum
Segedunum (Northumberland), 10
Seine river, 27, 63, 64, 172, 175
Sens (Yonne), 22
Sept-Forges (Orne), castle, 52
Severn river, 29, 119
Sheffield (Yorks, W.R.), 318
Sherborne (Dorset), 24
—— castle, 98, 301
Sheriff Hutton (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 317, 362, 367
Shirburn (Oxford), castle, 325
Shrawardine (Salop), castle, 119
Shrewsbury, 29
—— castle, 39, 40, 88, 109, 119
—— church of St Julian, 109
—— earl of, _see_ Talbot
Shropshire, free chapels in, 109
Silchester (Hants), 14, 22
Skelton (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 85
Skenfrith (Monmouth), castle, 184
Skipsea (Yorks, E.R.), castle, 85, 86
Skirlaw, Walter, bishop of Durham, 318
Sleaford (Lincoln), 355
Soar river, 28
Soissons (Aisne), 295
Solway firth, 10, 304
Sonning (Berks), manor-house, 301
Southampton (Hants), castle, 88, 119
—— town walls, 293, C. Gethen; 88, 223, 241, 247, 292, 296
Spennithorne (Yorks, N.R.), church-tower, 316
Spofforth (Yorks, W.R.), manor-house, 307, 358
Spurn head (Yorks, E.R.), 86
Stafford, 29
—— castle, 365, 367
Stafford, Edward, duke of Buckingham, 362, 365, 366
—— Anne, duchess, 365, 366
Stainmoor, 312
Stamford (Lincoln and Northampton), 29, 30, 32;
castle, 30, 32
Stephen, king, 56, 57
Stokesay (Salop), castle, 207, A. Thompson; 306, R. Keene, C. Gethen;
193, 206, 281, 307, 342, 352
Stour river (Kent), 28
Stow Park (Lincoln), manor-house, 301
Strickland, William, 316
Sudbury, Simon, archbishop of Canterbury, 304
Surrey, earl of, _see_ Warenne
Swale river, 90
Swaledale, 85
Swansea (Glamorgan), castle, 338, 341
Swegen, king of Denmark, 64
Sweyn Godwinsson, 37
Syria, castles and churches in, 176
T
Tadcaster (Yorks, W.R.), 295;
castle, 85
Talbot, John, earl of Shrewsbury, 347
Talvas, Guillaume, 51
Tamar river, 27
Tame river, 101
Tamworth (Stafford), 28, 29, 30
—— castle, 48, A. Thompson; 32, 47, 101, 242
Tattershall (Lincoln), castle, 356, A. Thompson; 297, _Archaeol.
Journal_; 318, 352, 355, 356, 357
Tavistock (Devon), 27
Tees river, 85, 86, 312
Tempsford (Beds), _burh_ and earthwork, 32, A. Thompson; 29, 30, 33
Tenby (Pembroke), town walls, 240, A. Thompson; 239, 240, 297
Tewkesbury (Gloucestershire), gatehouse of abbey, 301
Thames river, 28, 63, 64, 119
Thanet, isle of (Kent), 28
Thelwall (Chester), 26, 29
Theobald, count of Chartres, 67, 68
Thérouanne, bishop of, _see_ Warneton
Thetford (Norfolk), 24;
castle, 44
Thirsk (Yorks, N.R.), castle, 56, 57, 83
Thornbury (Gloucester), castle, 366, 367
Thornton (Lincoln), gatehouse of abbey, 302, A. Thompson; 303,
_Archaeol. Journal_; 331, F. Bond; 303, 304, 358
Thurkill, 64
Tickhill (Yorks, W.R.), castle, 67, 85, 96, 98, 99, 220, 235
Tinchebray (Orne), battle of, 117
Toledo (New Castile), bridge of Alcantarà, 297
Tolleshunt Major (Essex), manor-house, 308
Tonbridge (Kent), castle, 115, 365, 367
Tor Bay, 358
Torksey (Lincoln), castle, 358
Torquay (Devon), 358
Totnes (Devon), castle, 115
Toulouse (Haute-Garonne), 27
—— count of, _see_ Raymond
Tournai (Hainault), fortified bridge, 297
Tournus (Saône-et-Loire), abbey church, 315
Tours (Indre-et-Loire), 22
Towcester (Northampton), 26, 29, 65
Tower on the Moor (Lincoln), 355
Towy river, 308
Trebonius, Gaius, 61, 62
Trecastle (Brecknock), castle, 44, A. Thompson; 44, 56, 87
Trent river, 28, 29, 50, 83, 85, 99, 120, 355, 358, 360
Tre’r Ceiri (Carnarvon), 8
Tretower (Brecknock), castle, 183, 184
Tripoli (Syria), county of, 263
Troyes (Aube), 22;
bishop of, _see_ Prudentius
Tungri, first cohort of, 18
Tunstall, Cuthbert, bishop of Durham, 200
Tustin, abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel, 236
Tutbury (Stafford), castle, 237, R. Keene; 41, 42, 44, 327, 335,
336, 359
Tweed river, 86
Tyne river, 10, 86, 88, 316
Tynemouth priory (Northumberland), 298
U
Umfraville, Gilbert de, earl of Angus, 315
Upton (Lincoln), church, 100
Ure river, 83, 85
Usk river, 183
V
Vaughan, Edward, bishop of St David’s, 342
Vercingetorix, 59, 60, 61
Vernon (Eure), 27
Verona (Venetia), 290
Vespasian, emperor, 14
Villandraut (Gironde), castle, 325
Villeneuve-d’Avignon (Gard), Château-Saint-André, 307, A. Thompson;
304
Vitré (Ille-et-Vilaine), 49
Viviers (Ardèche), cathedral, 315
W
Wakefield (Yorks, W.R.), 85
Wallsend (Northumberland), 10
Wansbeck river, 86, 166
Wansdyke, the, 24, 25
Warburton, 29
Warenne, Isabel de, 167
—— William de, earl of Surrey, 167
Wark (Northumberland), castle, 86, 119
Warkworth (Northumberland), castle, 49, A. Thompson; 221, J. P.
Gibson; 44, 48, 86, 107, 190, 194, 197, 206, 209, 210, 211, 219,
220, 223, 247, 248, 251, 290, 328, 329, 330, 356, 357
—— fortified bridge, 298
Warneton, John of, bishop of Thérouanne, 53
Warrington (Lancaster), 26
Warwick, _burh_, 29, 32
—— castle, 231, 319, H. Baker; 234, 321, A. Thompson; 32, 39, 40,
109, 189, 190, 194, 206, 223, 235, 246, 318, 321, 322, 327, 328,
330, 359
—— church of St Mary, 109
—— earls of, _see_ Beauchamp, Roger
—— town walls, 296
Wat’s dyke, 24
Wear river, 86, 202
Wedmore (Somerset), peace of, 28
Welland river, 28, 29
Wells (Somerset), 24
—— bishop’s palace, 300, Mrs Jessie Lloyd; 301, 338
—— cathedral close, 298, 301
Welshmen, 37
Wenham, Little (Suffolk), hall, 355
Wensleydale (Yorks, N.R.), 85
Wessex, kingdom of, 28, 34
—— kings of, _see_ Æthelwulf, Alfred, Ceawlin, Cynewulf, Edmund,
Edward the Confessor, Edward the Elder, Egbert, Ethelred, Harold
Westminster palace, 124
Weston-super-Mare (Somerset), 8
Whickham (Durham), church-tower, 316
Whalley (Lancashire), gatehouse of abbey, 303
Wharfe river, 85
William I., king, 22, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 52, 56, 66, 67, 85,
88, 90, 118, 120, 265
—— II., king, 25, 62, 66, 90, 120, 124, 193
William the Lion, king of Scots, 83
William, son of Osbern, earl of Hereford, 104
Winchelsea (Sussex), 296, 325
Winchester (Hants), castle, 39, 40, 197, 202
Windsor (Berks), castle, 109, 119, 282;
St George’s chapel, 109
Wingfield (Derby), manor, 346, W. H. Edmunds’ _Guide_; 348, A.
Thompson; 349, 353, G. J. Gillham; 229, 269, 336, 345, 347,
348, 351, 352, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359
Witham (Essex), 29
Witham river, 12, 20
Wiverton (Notts), manor-house, 360
Wollaton hall (Notts), 318
Wootton lodge (Derby), 318
Worcester, 119
Worlebury (Somerset), 9, A. H. Allcroft; 8, 25
Worthing (Sussex), 2
Wressell (Yorks, E.R.), castle, 358
Wrexham (Denbigh), 24
Writtle (Essex), manor-house, 366
Würzburg (Lower Franconia), 26
Wye river, 24, 268
Wyvill, Robert, bishop of Salisbury, 301
Y
Yanwath (Westmorland), manor-house, 338
York, 17, A. Thompson; 14, 16, 18, 23, 28, 33, 41;
archbishops of, 85;
bars, 229, A. Thompson; 237, W. Maitland; 7, 229, 230, 233, 236,
241, 245, 295, 296, 297;
castles, 185, A. Thompson; 32, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 55, 85, 86, 88,
89, 115, 120, 185, 186
—— cathedral, 100;
cathedral close, 298
—— St Mary’s abbey, 33, 107, 298
—— St Mary Bishophill Junior, 100
Yorkshire, sheriff of, 55
Ythanceaster (Essex), 22
Z
Zara (Dalmatia), siege of, 70
INDEX RERUM
A
Adulterine castles, 56, 57, 89
_Adulterinus_, 56
_Agger_, 11, 60
_Alatorium_, 89
Allure, 89
Angle, dead, in fortification, 162
Angles, reduction of, in fortification, 165
Arbalast, 73;
_see_ Cross-bow
_Arx_, 22, 32, 53, 65;
_arcem condere_, etc., 38
Attack, science and methods of, 66-79
_Aula_, hall or manor-house, 197, 198
_Aula principalis_, 56;
_see_ Hall
B
Bailey, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 55, 56;
_see_ Castles, plan of
_Ballista_, 16, 63, 67, 73, 74
_Ballium_, 40
Barbican, 215, 229, 230, 233-6, 239-41
Barmkin, 189, 229, 312, 347
Bartizan, 187, 235, 236
Base-court, 40, 96
_Basse-cour_, 40
_Bastille_, 236
Bastion, 289, 290
Battering ram, _see_ Ram
Bayeux tapestry, 36, 38, 45, 46, A. Thompson; 36, 38, 44, 45, 46, 52,
66, 190, 192
Belfry, 72, Viollet-le-Duc; 67, 70, 71, 78
_Berfredum_, 67
Berm, 5, 11, 60
Bishop’s palaces, fortified, 301, 338, 341, 342
Bore, 70, Viollet-le-Duc; 61, 64, 68
Borough, 30
_Bourg_, 26
Bower, 192, 193
Brattice, 79, 187
_Bretèche_, 79, 187
Brick-work in eastern counties, 355, 358
—— tower of, at siege of Marseilles, 62
Bridges, fortified, 297, 298;
London bridge, 64;
bridges at Paris, 63
_Burg_, 25, 26
_Burgus_ or _burgum_, 30, 41
_Burh_, 25;
_burhs_ in Saxon England, map of, 31, A. Thompson; 25-27, 28-33,
35, 38, 41, 42
Byzantine military science, 59, 61, 67, 73
C
_Cabulus_, 76
Carfax, 22
_Castel_, 35, 37, 42
_Castellum_, 35, 55, 60, 66;
_castellum construere_, etc., 38;
_castellis, vastata in_, 42
Castles, dwelling-houses in, 188-211
—— in England, Norman, earthworks, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35-57;
mount-and-bailey plan, 42-47, 48-52, 55-56, 110, 113, 160, 161;
relative date of, 56, 57;
importance in warfare, 65, 66, 83-7;
stone fortifications, 47, 89-107
—— in relation to plan of walled towns, 87-89
—— plan of, with successive baileys, 162, 163, 164;
concentric, 7, 164, 264, 264-82, 304;
mount-and-bailey, _see_ Castles in England, Norman
—— strategic position in North of England, map illustrating, 84, A.
Thompson; 83-87
—— Syrian, _see_ Crusaders
_Castrum_, 35, 53
Cat, 68
Catapult, 73, Viollet-le-Duc; 16, 17, 51, 67, 70, 71, 73-6;
_see_ _Ballista_, _Mangana_, etc.
Centering of vault at Lancaster castle, 327
_Cervi_, 60
Chamber, great, 54, 205, 206, 207
Chapels in castles, 107-9, 209-11;
_see_ also Keep
_Châtelet_, 236
_Chats-châteaux_, 68
_Chemise_, 90, 177
Churches, fortified, 315, 316
_Cippi_, 60, 61
Closes of cathedrals, fortified, 298, 301
“Contour” forts, 1, 2
_Cortina_, 89
Countervallation, wall of, 62
_Coursière_, 80, 82, 178
_Courtine_, 89
Crenellate, licences to, 298, 301, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309
Crenellations, 79
Cross-bow, 67, 73, 74, 78
Crusade, first, 66, 74;
fourth, 70
Crusaders, castles of, in Syria, 175, 176, 240, 241, 262, 263
Crusades, influence of, on military science, 59, 66, 67, 160, 163,
164, 175, 176, 262, 263
D
Danegeld, 33
Danes, invasions of England and France by, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33,
34, 39, 63, 64, 65
Defence, science and progress of, 79-82, 161-5
Demi-lune, 215
Domesday Book, evidence with regard to early castles, 30, 37, 41,
42, 83
_Domgio_, 46
Donjon or dungeon, 43, 46, 47, 361, 365
Drainage of roofs, 156, 179
Drawbridge, 55
Dungeon, _see_ Donjon
_Dunio_, 46
E
Earthworks in Britain, early, 1-10, 19;
defence of entrances, 3, 5-7;
dry-built walls, 8;
in Saxon England, 24, 25
Embrasure, 169
F
Fire-arms, introduction of, 58, 59, 287-90
_Firmamentum_, 38
_Firmitas_, 55
Flanking, 102, 161, 162, 164, 216-20
Fore-building, _see_ Keep
_Forum_, 14, 18, 19, 22, 23
France, Gallo-Roman cities in, 22, 23
—— early castles in, 36
—— mount-and-bailey castles in, 46, 52, 53, 55
—— progress of military art in, 65
—— walled towns in, 64, 65, 250, 290, 292
Free chapels, 109
G
Galleries in walls of castles, 284, 285
Garde-robes, 247;
_see_ also Keep, Mural chambers
Gatehouses of castle, early, 95-9;
later, 220-9
Gateways of Roman stations, 14, 15, 19
_Geweorc_, 30, 33, 63
Great chamber, _see_ Chamber
H
_Haia_, 55
Hall of castle, 54, 55, 56, 104, 107, 190-3, 195, 197, 198, 200,
202, 205, 206
“Herring-bone” masonry, 93, 99-102
Herse, 70
Hides, raw, used to protect palisades, 62, 64, 68
Hoarding, 79, Viollet-le-Duc; 79, 80, 81, 82, 187
Hooks, grappling, 61, 71
Horn-work, 215
_Hourd_; _see_ Hoarding
Hurdles, use of, in attack, 61
I
Italy, fortified towns in, 290, 292
K
Keep, gradual disappearance of, 164, 212, 215
—— cylindrical tower, 165-85;
internal arrangements, 168-72, 178, 179, 182, 183, 184
—— octagonal tower, 185
—— quatrefoil tower, 172, 185-7
—— rectangular tower, map of towers, 130, A. Thompson;
in France and Normandy, 116-8;
in England, 118-59;
evidence for date, 118-20;
early Norman towers, 120-5;
comparative measurements of towers, 125, 127-8, 131-3;
position in plan, 128-31;
external treatment, 133, 134, 137;
entrance and forebuilding, 137-8, 141-2;
internal arrangement and cross-wall, 142, 145-6;
basement, 146, 149-50;
stairs, 146, 149;
chapels, 150, 153-4;
kitchens, 154;
wells, 154;
mural chambers and galleries, 155-6;
roof and rampart, 157, 159;
drawbacks of shape, 161-2
—— , residential use of, 53-5, 179, 188
—— shell, 113-6;
combination with rectangular tower, 129
—— wooden tower on mount, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52-5, 56, 113, 160
Kitchen in castles, 54, 193, 194, 209;
_see also_ Keep
L
_Lilium_, 60, 61
Lists, 264
Limestone, Yorkshire, 355
_Logium_, 54
M
Machicolations, 82, 175, 223, 246
_Malvoisin_, 66
_Mangana_, mangon, mangonel, 64, 73
Mantlets, 61, 64, 68, 70, 79;
of rope, 62
_Merlon_, 169, 242, 245, 246
Mile-castles on Roman wall, 11, 17, 60
Mines, use of, in siege, 58, 62, 63, 68, 70, 71
Monasteries, fortified, 298, 301, 303, 304, 315
_Motte_, 41, 46, 54
Mount, 41, 43, 44-47, 48-53, 54
Mouse, 62, 68
_Municipium_, 35, 53
_Munitio_, 35, 53;
_munitionem firmare_, etc., 38
_Musculus_, 62
N
Norman conquest, castle-building after, 38, 39
Normans at court of Edward the Confessor, 37
O
_Oppidum_, 21
P
_Palicium_, 55
Palisade and stockade, use of, 5, 25, 26, 29, 32, 36, 40, 45, 46,
52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 73, 89
Pantry, 54
Parapets, 79, 80, 82, 102, 242, 245, 246
Parvise, 192
Pele, 229, 312
Pele-towers, 185, 219, 220, 312, 315, 316
Pele-yard, 315
Pent-houses, 62, 64, 79
_Petraria_, 73
_Pierrière_, 73
_Pomerium_, 292, 295
_Porta decumana_, 19;
_praetoria_, 19;
_principalis_, 19
Portcullis, 70, 96, 227, 229
_Porte-coulis_, 70
Postern, 247, 251
_Praetorium_, 14, 18
Promontories, early camps on, 1, 2
_Propugnaculum_, 89
Q
_Quincunx_, 60
R
Ram, 69, Viollet-le-Duc; 63, 64, 68, 78, 79;
devices against, 79
Rampart-walk, 241, Viollet-le-Duc; 79, 80, 89, 102;
_see_ also Keep
Ravelin, 215
Revetment, walls of, 186
Roman military science, 59-62, 73
—— occupation of Britain, 10-20
—— roads in Britain, 11, 12, 25
—— stations, 10, 12-20
—— wall in Northumberland and Cumberland, 11, A. Thompson
(after Bruce);
10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25
S
Saxon invasions of Britain, 21, 22
—— shore, fortresses of, 12, 22
—— towns and villages, 23, 24
Scaling, 58;
scaling-ladders, 61, 70, 71
_Scorpio_, 73
Shutter in embrasure, 245, Viollet-le-Duc; 242
Siegecraft, engines used in, 68-77;
_see_ Catapult
Sieges—
of Alesia, 59-61
of Antioch, 164, 241
of Château-Gaillard, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 163, 215, 216
of Constantinople, 164
of London by Danes, 64, 65
of Marseilles, 61, 62
of Paris, 63, 64
of Le Puiset, 67, 68
Slingers, 58
Solar, _solarium_, 192, 193
Sow, 68
Spur at base of towers, 175, 185
Stakes used as missiles, 61
_Stimuli_, 61
Stockade, _see_ Palisade
T
_Terebra_, 68
_Testudo_, 62, 68
_Tête-du-pont_, 63, 234, 326
Teutonic origin of mount-and-bailey castle, conjectural, 51
_Timbrian_, 29
Tortoise, 68;
_see_ _Testudo_
Tower at siege of Marseilles, 62
Tower, great, _see_ Keep
Towers on ramparts, 60, 61, 161, 162, 164;
in early Norman castles, 102-4;
_see_ Flanking
—— on walls of Roman stations, 15-17
—— strong, survivals of keep, 269, 281, 282
Towns; Saxon settlements, 23, 24
—— walled, 228, 288, Viollet-le-Duc;
early, 64, 65;
in relation to castles, 87-89
_Trebuchet_, 75, 76, Viollet-le-Duc; 76
Turrets on Roman wall, 11
U
_Urbs_, 21
V
_Vallum_, 2, 5, 11, 53, 60, 61
_Via praetoria_, 18;
_principalis_, 18, 19, 23
_Villa_, 53
Villas in Roman Britain, 12, 21
_Vinea_, 62
W
Ward, 40
Wells in castles, 119, 124, 125, 141, 145, 146, 154, 155, 179
_Printed at_ THE DARIEN PRESS, _Edinburgh_
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND
An Analysis of the Origin and Development of English Church
Architecture from the Norman Conquest to the Dissolution of the
Monasteries
BY FRANCIS BOND, M.A., F.G.S.
With 1254 Illustrations, comprising 785 Photographs, Sketches, and
Measured Drawings, and 469 Plans, Sections, Diagrams, and Moldings.
Imperial 8vo, 800 pp., handsomely bound in art canvas, gilt. Price 31s.
6d. net
Published by B. T. BATSFORD, 94 High Holborn, London
SOME PRESS NOTICES
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subject of Ecclesiastical Gothic in England for all architects and
archaeologists.”
_The Westminster Gazette._—“Mr Bond gives us an immense quantity of
material—the result of the most painstaking and laborious research;
he has illustrated every chapter, not only with photographs, but with
the most admirable diagrams of mouldings and details; he has scarcely
missed a church of any importance in his search for examples. In all
these respects he places the architect and the architectural student
under an immense obligation.”
_The Pall Mall Gazette._—“Archæologist, scholar, and geologist, he
is something more than a mere enthusiast, for to the ardour of his
argument he brings deep technical mastery, much wide research, and
scientific knowledge.... The book is one of the most absorbing that we
have read for a long time in any field.”
_Bulletin Monumental._—“Le grand travail sur l’architecture gothique
anglaise.”
SCREENS AND GALLERIES IN ENGLISH CHURCHES
BY FRANCIS BOND, M.A., F.G.S.
A handsome volume, containing 204 pp., with 152 Illustrations,
reproduced from Photographs and Measured Drawings. Octavo, strongly
bound in cloth. Price 6s. net
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press
SOME PRESS NOTICES
_Builder._—“When we look at the detailed photographs we realise the
richness of the field which Mr Bond has traversed, and congratulate
him on the choice of his subject. His method is one of singular
thoroughness from the ecclesiological standpoint.”
_Journal of the Architectural Association._—“As a record of the screens
remaining in our churches it cannot be valued too highly. No book till
now has brought such a number together, or traced their development in
so full and interesting a manner.... A most delightful book.”
_Builders’ Journal._—“The author may be congratulated on the production
of a book which, in text as well as in illustrations, is of striking
and inexhaustible interest; it is the kind of book to which one returns
again and again, in the assurance of renewed and increased pleasure at
each reperusal.”
_Tablet._—“The numerous excellent illustrations are of the greatest
interest, and form a veritable surprise as to the beauty and variety of
the treatment which our forefathers lavished upon the rood screen.”
_British Weekly._—“The book abounds with admirable illustrations of
these beautiful works of art, so perfect even in the minute details
that any one interested in the art of woodcarving could reproduce the
designs with ease from the excellent photographs which occur on almost
every page. There is also a series of ‘measured drawings’ of great
beauty and interest.”
_New York Nation._—“It is not easy to praise too highly the simple and
effective presentation of the subject and the interest of the book to
all persons who care for ecclesiology or for decorative art.”
_Bibliophile._—“This excellent book is a sign of the times; of the
reawakened interest in the beautiful and historic.... A model of
scholarly compression. Of the finely produced illustrations it is
difficult to speak in too high terms of praise.”
_Daily Graphic._—“Mr Bond has produced a work on our ecclesiastical
screens and galleries which, like his larger work on the ‘Gothic
Architecture of England,’ is in the first degree masterly. His
knowledge of his subject, exact and comprehensive, is compressed into a
minimum amount of space, and illustrated by a series of photographs and
measured drawings which render the work of permanent value.”
_Bulletin Monumental._—“Après avoir analysé, aussi exactement que
possible, l’intéressant étude de M. Bond, nous devons le féliciter de
nous avoir donné ce complément si utile à son grand ouvrage.”
FONTS & FONT COVERS
BY FRANCIS BOND. M.A., F.G.S.
A handsome volume containing 364 pages, with 426 Illustrations
reproduced from Photographs and Measured Drawings. Octavo, strongly
bound in cloth. Price 12s. net
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press
SOME PRESS NOTICES
_Guardian._—“Mr Bond is so well known by his monumental work on ‘Gothic
Architecture in England,’ and by his beautiful book on ‘Screens and
Galleries,’ that his name alone is a sufficient guarantee for this new
volume on ‘Fonts and Font Covers,’ the most complete and thorough that
has yet appeared.”
_Church Times._—“The finest collection of illustrations of fonts and
font covers yet attempted.... A real delight to the ecclesiologist.”
_Commonwealth._—“A sumptuous monograph on a very interesting subject;
complete and thorough.”
_Church Quarterly Review._—“It is most delightful, not only to indulge
in a serious perusal of this volume, but to turn over its pages again
and again, always sure to find within half a minute some beautiful
illustration or some illuminating remark.”
_Irish Builder._—“This book on ‘Fonts and Font Covers’ is a most
valuable contribution to mediæval study, put together in masterly
fashion, with deep knowledge and love of the subject.”
_Westminster Gazette._—“Every one interested in church architecture
and sculpture will feel almost as much surprise as delight in Mr
Bond’s attractive volume on ‘Fonts and Font Covers.’ The wealth of
illustrations and variety of interest are truly astonishing.”
_Journal of the Society of Architects._—“The book is a monument of
painstaking labour and monumental research; its classification is
most admirable. The whole subject is treated in a masterly way with
perfect sequence and a thorough appreciation of the many sources of
development; the illustrations, too, are thoroughly representative.
To many the book will come as a revelation. We all recognise that
the fonts are essential, and in many cases beautiful and interesting
features in our ancient churches, but few can have anticipated the
extraordinary wealth of detail which they exhibit when the photographs
of all the best of them are collected together in a single volume.”
_Outlook._—“Mr Francis Bond’s book carefully included in one’s luggage
enables one, with no specialist’s knowledge postulated, to pursue to a
most profitable end one of the most interesting, almost, we could say,
romantic, branches of ecclesiastical architecture.... This book, owing
to its scholarship and thoroughness in letterpress and illustrations,
will doubtless be classic; in all its methods it strikes us as
admirable. The bibliography and the indexes are beyond praise.”
VISITORS’ GUIDE TO WESTMINSTER ABBEY
BY FRANCIS BOND, M.A., F.G.S.
93 pages of text, abridged from the eighteenth and nineteenth chapters
of the author’s larger work on “Westminster Abbey,” consisting chiefly
of description of the Tombs, Monuments, and Cloisters, with 15 Plans
and Drawings and 32 Photographic Illustrations. Price 1s. net
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press
SOME PRESS NOTICES
_Guardian._—“There is probably no better brief handbook. Mr Bond’s
qualifications for the task are beyond question. By the use of varied
type, ingenious arrangement, and excellent tone-blocks and plans, the
book attains a high standard of lucidity as well as of accuracy.”
_Building News._—“This little work is characterised by its terseness,
directness, and practical treatment. A carefully compiled and scholarly
guide-book.”
_Architect._—“This book will excellently and admirably fulfil its
purpose.... A splendid itinerary, in which almost every inch of the way
is made to speak of its historical connections.”
_Birmingham Daily Post._—“Concise, informative, reliable, and admirably
illustrated.”
_Western Morning News._—“By his key plan and very clear directions as
to where to find the numerous side chapels, historic monuments, and
other objects of interest, Mr Bond makes it possible for a visitor to
find his way round the building at his leisure. It refreshes one’s
knowledge of English history, and is supplemented by thirty-two
excellent plates, which by themselves are worth the shilling charged
for it.”
_Scotsman._—“A more complete and dependable guide to the National
Pantheon could not be desired.”
_Architectural Review._—“This is an excellent little text-book. Mr Bond
is to be congratulated in having introduced into it an interesting
element of history. The notes in small print should make the visit
to the Abbey both more profitable and more interesting. The key plan
and the numerous small plans are extremely clear and easily read. The
information given is concise and to the point, and a word of special
praise must be given to the plates at the end; the subjects of these
are well chosen and are illustrated by very good photographs.”
_Antiquary._—“This little book, strongly bound in linen boards, gives
concisely and clearly all the information the ordinary visitor is
likely to require. Cheap, well arranged, well printed, abundantly
illustrated and well indexed, this handy book, which is light and
‘pocketable,’ is the best possible companion for which a visitor to our
noble Abbey can wish; it is an ideal guide.”
WESTMINSTER ABBEY
BY FRANCIS BOND, M.A., F.G.S.
A handsome volume, containing 348 pages, with 270 Photographs, Plans,
Sections, Sketches, and Measured Drawings. Octavo, strongly bound in
cloth. Price 10s. net
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press
SOME PRESS NOTICES
_Oxford Magazine._—“All who love the Abbey will be grateful for the
skill and affection bestowed on this admirable work.”
_Birmingham Post._—“With the history of the Abbey the author
interweaves the life of the Benedictines, peopling the building with
its occupants in the centuries when England was a Catholic country,
and does it with such skill than one can almost imagine oneself at the
services.”
_Englishman._—“The writer handles his subject with consummate skill,
and his reward will lie in the unmeasured praise of his many readers.”
_Guardian._—“A book which brings fresh enthusiasm, and will impart a
new impetus to the study of the Abbey and its history.”
_Scotsman._—“At once instructive and delightful, it more than justifies
its existence by its historical and architectural learning.”
_Liverpool Daily Courier._—“We found the earlier parts of the book most
fascinating, and have read them over and over again.”
_Architectural Association Journal._—“Bright and interesting; evincing
the author’s invariable enthusiasm and characteristic industry.”
_Western Morning News._—“To say that the book is interesting is to say
little; it is a monument of patient and loving industry and extreme
thoroughness, an inexhaustible mine of delight to the reader, general
or technical.”
_Outlook._—“The author discusses the architecture with a minuteness
that might terrify the inexpert if it were not for the sustained ease
and interest of his style; great is the fascination of the expert hand
when its touch is light.”
_Saturday Review._—“Mr Bond leaves us more than ever proud of what is
left to us of the stately Benedictine house of God, which is to the
entire English-speaking world a common bond and home.”
_Antiquary._—“It has a wealth of capital illustrations, is preceded by
a bibliography, and is supplied with good indexes to both illustrations
and text.”
_Journal des Savants._—“Certains clichés, comme ceux des voûtes, des
tombeaux et de quelques détails de sculpture sont de véritables tours
de force. Le choix des illustrations est très heureux, comme d’ailleurs
dans les autres ouvrages de M. Bond.”
Wood Carvings in English Churches
I. MISERICORDS
BY FRANCIS BOND. M.A., F.G.S.
A Handsome Volume, containing 257 pages, with 241 Illustrations Octavo,
strongly bound in cloth. Price 7s. 6d. net
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press
SOME PRESS NOTICES
_Morning Post._—“The subject is one of the first importance to mediæval
popular history, and we welcome this very admirable and thorough
monograph with special gratitude.”
_Athenæum._—“Mr Bond has put his rare industry in all that pertains to
ecclesiology to excellent service in his latest book on Misericords.”
_Antiquary._—“An authoritative and, at the same time, delightful and
instructive volume. Really the first attempt to deal comprehensively
with the great variety of carvings on misericords.”
_New York Herald._—“One of the quaintest, most fascinating, and at the
same time most learned volumes that a reader would happen upon in a
lifetime.”
_Church Times._—“An indispensable guide to the subject. The
illustrations are worthy of all praise.”
_Architectural Association Journal._—“The blocks, taken from
photographs, are of an excellence really amazing, when the difficulties
such subjects present to the camera are considered. A most delightful
book.”
_Yorkshire Post._—“Another of the valuable series of monographs on
Church Art in England, and the most entertaining of all.”
_Architects’ and Builders’ Journal._—“An exceedingly interesting
volume both in illustrations and subject-matter, and full of curious
information.”
_Glasgow Herald._—“Mr Bond’s scholarly and most interesting book brings
us very near to popular life in the Middle Ages.”
_Liverpool Courier._—“Another of the admirably written and illustrated
art handbooks for which the author is famous.”
_Birmingham Post._—“This well illustrated volume is not only a valuable
technical monograph, but also an important contribution to the history
of social life and thought in the Middle Ages. Mr Bond’s treatment
of the subject is exceptionally charming and successful. The general
excellence of the book is great.”
_Outlook._—“Many there must be to whom Mr Bond’s new book will be
welcome. Into all the details of this varied and most puzzling subject
he goes with thoroughness and a pleasant humour. The bibliography and
indexes, as usual in Mr Bond’s work, are admirable.”
STALLS AND TABERNACLE WORK IN ENGLISH CHURCHES
BY FRANCIS BOND, M.A., F.G.S.
Illustrated by 123 Photographs and Drawings. Price 6s. net
LONDON; HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press
SOME PRESS NOTICES
_Birmingham Post._—“Valuable for lucid description and enlightened
criticism of architectural and technical details combined with
suggestive treatment of historical facts. A certain charm of manner
contributes to the interest.”
_La Chronique des Arts et de la Curiosité._—“Une illustration copieuse
établie avec des soins tout documentaires; des index; une table par
ordre chronologique, une autre par noms de lieux, viennent faciliter
les recherches et permettre au lecteur de tirer bénéfice des vastes
resources d’une érudition informée et sure.”
_Revue de l’Art Chrétien._—“M. Bond est le premier qui ait traité ce
sujet; il l’a fait avec une grande compétence, et son intéressant
ouvrage nous fait regretter que chez nous pareil travail ne tente un de
nos érudits.”
_The Builder._—“The illustrations are admirable, and we cordially
recommend our readers to undertake their examination with the help of
so accomplished and genial a cicerone as Mr Bond.”
_The Antiquary._—“The volume abounds with fine illustrations, which
even more than the text make us realise the extraordinary beauty and
variety of the craftsmanship.”
_The Architect._—“A most delightful and valuable account of the
marvellous fertility of design, the exquisite craftsmanship, and the
pious generosity of mediæval England.”
_Cambridge Review._—“The fourth of a series of handbooks of which it is
difficult to speak too highly.”
_Building News._—“A monument of industry and erudition.”
_The Cabinet Maker._—“Every lover of woodwork should possess this
series, which contains beautiful illustrations and most interesting
descriptions of the noble heritage of magnificent work handed down to
us by the mediæval Church.”
_IN THE PRESS._
ENGLISH MILITARY ARCHITECTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
By A. HAMILTON THOMPSON, M.A., F.S.A.
Author of “THE GROUND PLAN OF THE ENGLISH PARISH CHURCH”; “THE
HISTORICAL GROWTH OF THE ENGLISH PARISH CHURCH”; &c.
Copiously illustrated with Plans, Drawings, and Photographs. Octavo,
strongly bound in cloth. Price 7s. 6d. net
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE
CHURCH BELLS IN ENGLAND
By H. B. WALTERS, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
Joint-Author of “BELLS OF ESSEX” and “BELLS OF WARWICKSHIRE.”
Copiously illustrated with Photographs of Bells, Bell Stamps, Founders’
Marks, &c.
Octavo, strongly bound in cloth. Price 7s. 6d. net
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE
CATHEDRALS OF ENGLAND AND WALES
By FRANCIS BOND, M.A., F.G.S.
A Short History of their Architecture; being a remodelled,
re-illustrated, and enlarged edition of “English Cathedrals
Illustrated.” Containing over 270 Illustrations from photographs and a
complete set of plans specially drawn to a uniform scale. Octavo, cloth
gilt. Price 7s. 6d. net
LONDON: B. T. BATSFORD
INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE FOR GENERAL READERS
By FRANCIS BOND, M.A., F.G.S.
This book has been specially prepared for those who have not had an
architectural training and desire an account of English Ecclesiastical
Architecture not overlaid with archæological and technical detail. It
will be a quarto volume of large size and handsome type, illustrated
with many hundred Plans, Drawings, and large size Photographs, and will
probably be published at a Guinea.
LONDON: HENRY FROWDE
Transcriber’s Notes:—
Numbers in parentheses eg., (106) refer to the illustration page
numbers.
In the Bibliography:—
Viollet-de-Duc corrected to read Viollet-le-Duc
In the Index:—
Aigues-Mortes (Gard), 7, A. Thompson;
Corrected thus:—
Aigues-Mortes (Gard), 77, A. Thompson;
Tattershall (Lincoln), castle, 296, A. Thompson;
Corrected thus:—
Tattershall (Lincoln), castle, 356, A. Thompson;
mount-and-bailey plan, 42-47, 48-52, 55-56, 112, 113, 160, 161;
Corrected thus:—
mount-and-bailey plan, 42-47, 48-52, 55-56, 110, 113, 160, 161;
Hall of castle, 54, 55, 56, 104, 107, 190-3, 196, 197, 198, 200,
Corrected thus:—
Hall of castle, 54, 55, 56, 104, 107, 190-3, 195, 197, 198, 200,
Keep, gradual disappearance of, 164, 214, 215
Corrected thus:—
Keep, gradual disappearance of, 164, 212, 215
Footnotes:—
[135] Other important shell keeps of the normal type are at Arundel,
Cardiff (114), Carisbrooke (171), Farnham, Lewes, Pickering, Totnes,
Corrected thus:—
[135] Other important shell keeps of the normal type are at Arundel,
Cardiff (114), Carisbrooke (111), Farnham, Lewes, Pickering, Totnes,