#926. Duty.—N. duty, what ought to be do_Roget's Thesaurus

accountableness[obs3], liability, onus, responsibility; bounden duty,

imperative duty; call, call of duty; accountability. allegiance,

fealty, tie engagement &c. (promise) 768; part; function, calling &c.

(business) 625. morality,, morals, decalogue; case of conscience;

conscientiousness &c. (probity) 939; conscience, inward monitor, still

small voice within, sense of duty, tender conscience, superego; the

hell within [P. L.]. dueness &c. 924; propriety, fitness, seemliness,

amenability, decorum, τὸ πρέπον; the thing, the proper thing; the right

thing to do, the proper thing to do. [Science of morals] ethics,

ethology.; deontology[obs3], aretology[obs3]; moral philosophy, ethical

philosophy; casuistry, polity. observance, fulfillment, discharge,

performance, acquittal, satisfaction, redemption; good behavior. V. be

the duty of; be incumbent &c. adj. on, be responsible &c. adj.;

behoove, become, befit, beseem; belong to, pertain to; fall to one's

lot; devolve on; lie upon, lie on one's head, lie at one's door; rest

with, rest on the shoulders of. take upon oneself &c. (promise) 768; be

bound to, become bound to, be sponsor for, become sponsor for; incur a

responsibility &c. n.; be under an obligation, stand under an

obligation, lie under an obligation; have to answer for, owe to it

oneself. impose a duty, &c. n.; enjoin, require, exact; bind, bind

over; saddle with, prescribe, assign, call upon, look to, oblige. enter

upon a duty, perform a duty, observe a duty, fulfill a duty, discharge

a duty, adhere to a duty, acquit oneself of a duty, satisfy a duty,

enter upon an obligation, perform an obligation, observe an obligation,

fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation, adhere to an

obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation, satisfy an obligation; act

one's part, redeem one's pledge, do justice to, be at one's post; do

duty; do one's duty &c. (be virtuous) 944. be on one's good behavior,

mind one's P's and Q's. Adj. obligatory, binding; imperative,

peremptory; stringent &c. (severe) 739; behooving &c. v.; incumbent on,

chargeable on; under obligation; obliged by, bound by, tied by; saddled

with. due to, beholden to, bound to, indebted to; tied down;

compromised &c. (promised) 768; in duty bound. amenable, liable,

accountable, responsible, answerable. right, meet &c. (due) 924; moral,

ethical, casuistical, conscientious, ethological. Adv. with a safe

conscience, as in duty, bound, on one's own responsibility, at one's

own risk, suo periculo[Lat]; in foro conscientiae[Lat]; quamdiu se bene

gesserit[Lat]. Phr. dura lex sed lex[Lat]; dulce et decorum est pro

patria mori[Lat]; honos habet onus[Lat]; leve fit quod bene fertur onus

[Lat][Ovid]; loyaute m'oblige[Fr]; "simple duty bath no place for

fear" [Whittier]; "stern daughter of the voice of God" [Wordsworth];

"there is a higher law than the Constitution" [Wm. Seward].

#927. Dereliction of Duty.—N. dereliction of duty; fault &c.

(guilt) 947; sin &c. (vice) 945; non-observance, non-performance;

neglect, relaxation, infraction, violation, transgression, failure,

evasion; dead letter. V. violate; break, break through; infringe; set

aside, set at naught; encroach upon, trench upon; trample on, trample

under foot; slight, neglect, evade, renounce, forswear, repudiate; wash

one's hands of; escape, transgress, fail. call to account &c.

(disapprobation) 932.

#927a. Exemption.—N. exemption, freedom, irresponsibility,

immunity, liberty, license, release, exoneration, excuse, dispensation,

absolution, franchise, renunciation, discharge; exculpation &c. 970. V.

be exempt &c. adj. exempt, release, acquit, discharge, quitclaim,

remise, remit; free, set at liberty, let off, pass over, spare, excuse,

dispense with, give dispensation, license; stretch a point; absolve &c.

(forgive) 918; exonerate &c. (exculpate) 970; save the necessity. Adj.

exempt, free, immune, at liberty, scot-free; released &c. v.; unbound,

unencumbered; irresponsible, unaccountable, not answerable; excusable.

Phr. bonis nocet quisquis pepercerit malis [Lat][Syrus].

2. MORAL SENTIMENTS

#928. Respect.—N. respect, regard, consideration; courtesy &c. 894;

attention, deference, reverence, honor, esteem, estimation, veneration,

admiration; approbation &c. 931. homage, fealty, obeisance,

genuflection, kneeling prostration; obsequiousness &c. 886; salaam,

kowtow, bow, presenting arms, salute. respects, regards, duty, devoirs,

egards. devotion &c. (piety) 987. V. respect, regard; revere,

reverence; hold in reverence, honor, venerate, hallow; esteem &c.

(approve of) 931; think much of; entertain respect for, bear respect

for; look up to, defer to; have a high opinion of, hold a high opinion

of; pay attention, pay respect &c. n. to; do honor to, render honor

to; do the honors, hail; show courtesy &c. 894; salute, present arms;

do homage to, pay homage to; pay tribute to, kneel to, bow to, bend the

knee to; fall down before, prostrate oneself, kiss the hem of one's

garment; worship &c. 990. keep one's distance, make room, observe due

decorum, stand upon ceremony. command respect, inspire respect; awe,

inspire awe, impose, overawe, dazzle. Adj. respecting &c.v.;

respectful, deferential, decorous, reverential, obsequious,

ceremonious, bareheaded, cap in hand, on one's knees; prostrate &c.

(servile) 886. respected &c.v.; in high esteem, in high estimation;

time-honored, venerable, emeritus. Adv. in deference to; with all

respect, with all due respect, with due respect, with the highest

respect; with submission. saving your grace, saving your presence;

salva sit reverentia[Lat]; pace tanti nominis[Lat]. Int. hail! all

hail! esto perpetua[Lat]! may your shadow never be less! Phr. "and

pluck up drowned honor by the locks" [Henry IV]; "his honor rooted in

dishonor stood" [Tennyson]; "honor pricks me on" [Henry IV].

#929. Disrespect.—N. disrespect, disesteem, disestimation[obs3];

disparagement &c. (dispraise) 932, (detraction) 934. irreverence;

slight, neglect, spretae injuria formae [Lat][Vergil], superciliousness

&c. (contempt) 930. vilipendency|, vilification, contumely, affront,

dishonor, insult, indignity, outrage, discourtesy &c. 895; practical

joking; scurrility, scoffing, sibilance, hissing, sibilation;

irrision[obs3]; derision; mockery; irony &c. (ridicule) 856; sarcasm.

hiss, hoot, boo, gibe, flout, jeer, scoff, gleek|, taunt, sneer, quip,

fling, wipe, slap in the face. V. hold in disrespect &c. (despise) 930;

misprize, disregard, slight, trifle with, set at naught, pass by, push

aside, overlook, turn one's back upon, laugh in one's sleeve; be

disrespectful &c. adj., be discourteous &c. 895; treat with disrespect

&c.n.; set down, put down, browbeat. dishonor, desecrate; insult,

affront, outrage. speak slightingly of; disparage &c. (dispraise) 932;

vilipend[obs3], vilify, call names; throw dirt, fling dirt; drag

through the mud, point at, indulge in personalities; make mouths, make

faces; bite the thumb; take by the beard; pluck by the beard; toss in a

blanket, tar and feather. have in derision; hold in derision; deride,

scoff, barrack, sneer, laugh at, snigger, ridicule, gibe, mock, jeer,

hiss, hoot, taunt, twit, niggle[obs3], gleek|!, gird, flout,

fleer[obs3]; roast, turn into ridicule; burlesque &c. 856; laugh to

scorn &c. (contempt) 930; smoke; fool; make game of, make a fool of,

make an April fool of[obs3]; play a practical joke; lead one a dance,

run the rig upon, have a fling at, scout; mob. Adj. disrespectful;

aweless, irreverent; disparaging &c. 934; insulting &c.v.;

supercilious, contemptuous, patronizing &c. (scornful) 930; rude,

derisive, sarcastic; scurrile, scurrilous; contumelious.

unrespected[obs3], unworshiped[obs3], unenvied[obs3], unsaluted[obs3];

unregarded[obs3], disregarded. Adv. disrespectfully &c. adj.

#930. Contempt.—N. contempt, disdain, scorn, sovereign contempt;

despisal[obs3], despiciency[obs3]; despisement[obs3]; vilipendency|!,

contumely; slight, sneer, spurn, by-word; despect[obs3].

contemptuousness &c. adj.; scornful eye; smile of contempt; derision

&c. (disrespect) 929. despisedness[obs3][State of being despised]. V.

despise, contemn, scorn, disdain, feel contempt for, view with a

scornful eye; disregard, slight, not mind; pass by &c. (neglect) 460.

look down upon; hold cheap, hold in contempt, hold in disrespect; think

nothing of, think small beer of; make light of; underestimate &c. 483;

esteem slightly, esteem of small or no account; take no account of,

care nothing for; set no store by; not care a straw, sneeze at &c.

(unimportance) 643; set at naught, laugh in one's sleeve, laugh up

one's sleeve, snap one's fingers at, shrug one's shoulders, turn up

one's nose at, pooh-pooh, "damn with faint praise" [Pope]; whistle at,

sneer at; curl up one's lip, toss the head, traiter de haut enbas[Fr];

laugh at &c. (be disrespectful) 929. point the finger of scorn, hold up

to scorn, laugh to scorn; scout, hoot, flout, hiss, scoff at. turn

one's back upon, turn a cold shoulder upon; tread upon, trample upon,

trample under foot; spurn, kick; fling to the winds &c. (repudiate)

610; send away with a flea in the ear. Adj. contemptuous; disdainful,

scornful; withering, contumelious, supercilious, cynical, haughty,

bumptious, cavalier; derisive. contemptible, despicable; pitiable;

pitiful &c. (unimportant) 643; despised &c.v.; downtrodden;

unenvied[obs3]. unrespectable (unworthy) 874. Adv. contemptuously &c.

adj. Int. a fig for &c. (unimportant) 643; bah! never mind! away with!

hang it! fiddlededee! Phr. "a dismal universal hiss, the sound of

public scorn" [Paradise Lost]; "I had rather be a dog and bay the moon

than such a Roman" [Julius Caesar].

#931. Approbation.—N. approbation; approval, approvement[obs3];

sanction, advocacy; nod of approbation; esteem, estimation, good

opinion, golden opinions, admiration; love &c. 897; appreciation,

regard, account, popularity, κῦδος, credit; repute &c. 873; best

seller. commendation, praise; laud, laudation; good word; meed of

praise, tribute of praise; encomium; eulogy, eulogium[obs3]; eloge[Fr],

panegyric; homage, hero worship; benediction, blessing, benison.

applause, plaudit, clap; clapping, clapping of hands; acclaim,

acclamation; cheer; paean, hosannah; shout of applause, peal of

applause, chorus of applause, chorus of praise &c.; Prytaneum. V.

approve; approbate[obs3][1], think good, think much of, think well of,

think highly of; esteem, value, prize; set great store by, set great

store on. do justice to, appreciate; honor, hold in esteem, look up to,

admire; like &c. 897; be in favor of, wish Godspeed; hail, hail with

satisfaction. stand up for, stick up for; uphold, hold up, countenance,

sanction; clap on the back, pat on the back; keep in countenance,

indorse; give credit, recommend; mark with a white mark, mark with a

stone. commend, belaud[obs3], praise, laud, compliment; pay a tribute,

bepraise[obs3]; clap the hands; applaud, cheer, acclamate[obs3],

encore; panegyrize[obs3], eulogize, cry up, proner[Fr], puff; extol,

extol to the skies; magnify, glorify, exalt, swell, make much of;

flatter &c. 933; bless, give a blessing to; have a good word for, say a

good word for; speak well of, speak highly of, speak in high terms of;

sing the praises of, sound the praises of, chaunt the praises of;

resound the praises of; sing praises to; cheer to the echo, applaud to

the echo, applaud to the very echo, cheer to the very echo. redound to

the honor, redound to the praise, redound to the credit of; do credit

to; deserve praise &c.n.; recommend itself; pass muster. be praised

&c.; receive honorable mention; be in favor with, be in high favor

with; ring with the praises of, win golden opinions, gain credit, find

favor with, stand well in the opinion of; laudari a laudato viro[Lat].

Adj. approving &c.v.; in favor of; lost in admiration. commendatory,

complimentary, benedictory[obs3], laudatory, panegyrical, eulogistic,

encomiastic, lavish of praise, uncritical. approved, praised &c.v.;

uncensured, unimpeached; popular, in good odor; in high esteem &c.

(respected) 928; in favor, in high favor. deserving of praise, worthy

of praise &c.n.; praiseworthy, commendable, of estimation; good &c.

648; meritorious, estimable, creditable, plausible, unimpeachable;

beyond all praise. Adv. with credit, to admiration; well &c. 618; with

three times three. Int. hear hear! bully for you! * well done! bravo!

bravissimo! euge[Ger]! macte virtute[Lat]! so far so good, that's

right, quite right; optime[obs3]! one cheer more; may your shadow never

be less! esto perpetua[Lat]! long life to! viva! enviva[obs3]!

Godspeed! valete et plaudite[Lat]! encore! bis[obs3]! Phr. probatum

est[Lat]; tacent satis laudant[Lat]; "servant of God, well done!"

[Paradise Lost].

[note 1][Obsolete in England except in legal writings, but surviving in

the United States chiefly in a technical sense for license. C.O.S.M.].

#932. Disapprobation.—N. disapprobation, disapproval;

improbation[obs3]; disesteem, disvaluation[obs3], displacency[obs3];

odium; dislike &c. 867. dispraise, discommendation[obs3]; blame,

censure, obloquy; detraction &c. 934; disparagement, depreciation;

denunciation; condemnation &c. 971; ostracism; black list.

animadversion, reflection, stricture, objection, exception, criticism;

sardonic grin, sardonic laugh; sarcasm, insinuation, innuendo; bad

compliment, poor compliment, left-handed compliment. satire; sneer &c.

(contempt) 930; taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; cavil, carping,

censoriousness; hypercriticism &c. (fastidiousness) 868. reprehension,

remonstrance, expostulation, reproof, reprobation, admonition,

increpation[obs3], reproach; rebuke, reprimand, castigation,

jobation[obs3], lecture, curtain lecture, blow up, wigging, dressing,

rating, scolding, trimming; correction, set down, rap on the knuckles,

coup de bec[Fr], rebuff; slap, slap on the face; home thrust, hit;

frown, scowl, black look. diatribe; jeremiad, jeremiade; tirade,

philippic. clamor, outcry, hue and cry; hiss, hissing; sibilance,

sibilation, catcall; execration &c. 908. chiding, upbraiding &c.v.;

exprobation[obs3], abuse, vituperation, invective, objurgation,

contumely; hard words, cutting words, bitter words. evil-speaking; bad

language &c. 908; personality. V. disapprove; dislike &c. 867; lament

&c. 839; object to, take exception to; be scandalized at, think ill of;

view with disfavor, view with dark eyes, view with jaundiced eyes; nil

admirari[Lat], disvalue[obs3]; improbate[obs3]. frown upon, look grave;

bend the brows, knit the brows; shake the head at, shrug the shoulders;

turn up the nose &c. (contempt) 930; look askance, look black upon;

look with an evil eye; make a wry face, make a wry mouth at; set one's

face against. dispraise, discommend[obs3], disparage; deprecate, speak

ill of, not speak well of; condemn &c. (find guilty) 971. blame; lay

blame upon, cast blame upon; censure, fronder[Fr], reproach, pass

censure on, reprobate, impugn. remonstrate, expostulate, recriminate.

reprehend, chide, admonish; berate, betongue[obs3]; bring to account,

call to account, call over the coals, rake over the coals, call to

order; take to task, reprove, lecture, bring to book; read a lesson,

read a lecture to; rebuke, correct. reprimand, chastise, castigate,

lash, blow up, trounce, trim, laver la tete[Fr], overhaul; give it one,

give it one finely; gibbet. accuse &c. 938; impeach, denounce; hold up

to reprobation, hold up to execration; expose, brand, gibbet,

stigmatize; show up, pull up, take up; cry "shame" upon; be outspoken;

raise a hue and cry against. execrate &c. 908; exprobate[obs3], speak

daggers, vituperate; abuse, abuse like a pickpocket; scold, rate,

objurgate, upbraid, fall foul of; jaw; rail, rail at, rail in good set

terms; bark at; anathematize, call names; call by hard names, call by

ugly names; avile|, revile; vilify, vilipend[obs3]; bespatter;

backbite; clapperclaw[obs3]; rave against, thunder against, fulminate

against; load with reproaches. exclaim against, protest against,

inveigh against, declaim against, cry out against, raise one's voice

against. decry; cry down, run down, frown down; clamor, hiss, hoot,

mob, ostracize, blacklist; draw up a round robin, sign a round robin.

animadvert upon, reflect upon; glance at; cast reflection, cast

reproach, cast a slur upon; insinuate, damn with faint praise; "hint a

fault and hesitate dislike"; not to be able to say much for. scoff at,

point at; twit, taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; sneer at &c. (despise) 230;

satirize, lampoon; defame &c. (detract) 934; depreciate, find fault

with, criticize, cut up; pull to pieces, pick to pieces; take

exception; cavil; peck at, nibble at, carp at; be censorious &c. adj.;

pick holes, pick a hole, pick a hole in one's coat; make a fuss about.

take down, take down a peg, set down; snub, snap one up, give a rap on

the knuckles; throw a stone at, throw a stone in one's garden; have a

fling, have a snap at; have words with, pluck a crow with; give one a

wipe, give one a lick with the rough side of the tongue. incur blame,

excite disapprobation, scandalize, shock, revolt; get a bad name,

forfeit one's good opinion, be under a cloud, come under the ferule,

bring a hornet's nest about one's ears. take blame, stand corrected;

have to answer for. Adj. disapproving &c.v.; scandalized. disparaging,

condemnatory, damnatory[obs3], denunciatory, reproachful, abusive,

objurgatory[obs3], clamorous, vituperative; defamatory &c. 934.

satirical, sarcastic, sardonic, cynical, dry, sharp, cutting, biting,

severe, withering, trenchant, hard upon; censorious, critical,

captious, carping, hypercritical; fastidious &c. 868; sparing of

praise, grudging praise. disapproved, chid &c.v.; in bad odor, blown

upon, unapproved; unblest[obs3]; at a discount, exploded; weighed in

the balance and found wanting. blameworthy, reprehensible &c. (guilt)

947; to blame, worthy of blame; answerable, uncommendable,

exceptionable, not to be thought of; bad &c. 649; vicious &c. 945.

unlamented, unbewailed[obs3], unpitied[obs3]. Adv. with a wry face;

reproachfully &c. adj. Int. it is too bad! it won't do, it will never

do! marry come up! Oh! come! 'sdeath! forbid it Heaven! God forbid,

Heaven forbid! out upon, fie upon it! away with! tut! O tempora[obs3]!

O mores! shame! fie, fie for shame! out on you! tell it not in Gath!

#933. Flattery.—N. flattery, adulation, gloze; blandishment,

blandiloquence[obs3]; cajolery; fawning, wheedling &c.v.;

captation[obs3], coquetry, obsequiousness, sycophancy,

flunkeyism[obs3], toadeating[obs3], tuft-hunting; snobbishness.

incense, honeyed words, flummery; bunkum, buncombe; blarney, placebo,

butter; soft soap, soft sawder[obs3]; rose water. voice of the charmer,

mouth honor; lip homage; euphemism; unctuousness &c. adj. V. flatter,

praise to the skies, puff; wheedle, cajole, glaver[obs3], coax; fawn

upon, faun upon; humor, gloze, soothe, pet, coquet, slaver, butter;

jolly [U.S.]; bespatter, beslubber[obs3], beplaster[obs3],

beslaver[obs3]; lay it on thick, overpraise; earwig, cog,

collogue[obs3]; truckle to, pander to, pandar to[obs3], suck up to,

kiss the ass of [vulgar], pay court to; court; creep into the good

graces of, curry favor with, hang on the sleeve of; fool to the top of

one's bent; lick the dust. lay the flattering unction to one's soul,

gild the pill, make things pleasant. overestimate &c. 482; exaggerate

&c. 549. Adj. flattering &c.v.; adulatory; mealy-mouthed,

honey-mouthed; honeyed; smooth, smooth-tongued; soapy, oily, unctuous,

blandiloquent[obs3], specious; fine-spoken, fair spoken; plausible,

servile, sycophantic, fulsome; courtierly[obs3], courtier-like. Adv. ad

captandum[Lat].

#934. Detraction.—N. detraction, disparagement, depreciation,

vilification, obloquy, scurrility, scandal, defamation, aspersion,

traducement, slander, calumny, obtrectation[obs3], evil-speaking,

backbiting, scandalum magnatum[Lat]. personality, libel, lampoon, skit,

pasquinade; chronique scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.]. sarcasm,

cynicism; criticism (disapprobation) 932; invective &c. 932; envenomed

tongue; spretae injuria formae[Lat]. personality, libel, lampoon, skit,

pasquinade; chronique scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.]. detractor &c.

936. V. detract, derogate, decry, deprecate, depreciate, disparage; run

down, cry down; backcap [obs3][U.S.]; belittle; sneer at &c. (contemn)

930; criticize, pull to pieces, pick a hole in one's coat, asperse,

cast aspersions, blow upon, bespatter, blacken, vilify, vilipend[obs3];

avile|; give a dog a bad name, brand, malign; muckrake; backbite,

libel, lampoon, traduce, slander, defame, calumniate, bear false

witness against; speak ill of behind one's back. fling dirt &c.

(disrespect) 929; anathematize &c. 932; dip the pen in gall, view in a

bad light. impugn[disparage the motives of]; assail, attack &c. 716;

oppose &c. 708; denounce, accuse &c. 938. Adj. detracting &c.v.;

defamatory, detractory[obs3], derogatory, deprecatory; catty;

disparaging, libelous; scurrile, scurrilous; abusive; foul-spoken,

foul-tongued, foul-mouthed; slanderous; calumnious, calumniatory[obs3];

sarcastic, sardonic; sarcastic, satirical, cynical. critical &c. 932.

Phr. "damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer; and without

sneering, teach the rest to sneer" [Pope]; another lie nailed to the

counter; "cut men's throats with whisperings" [B. Jonson]; "foul

whisperings are abroad" "soft-buzzing slander" [Macbeth][Thomson];

"virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes" [Hamlet].

#935. Flatterer.—N. flatterer, adulator; eulogist, euphemist;

optimist, encomiast, laudator[Lat], whitewasher. toady,

toadeater[obs3]; sycophant, courtier, Sir Pertinax MacSycophant;

flaneur[Fr], proneur[Fr]; puffer, touter[obs3], claqueur[Fr];

clawback[obs3], earwig, doer of dirty work; parasite, hanger-on &c.

(servility) 886. yes-man, suckup, ass-kisser [vulgar], brown-noser

[vulgar], teacher's pet. Phr. pessimum genus inimicorum laudantes

[Lat][Tacitus].

#936. Detractor.—N. detractor, reprover; censor, censurer; cynic,

critic, caviler, carper, word-catcher, frondeur; barracker[obs3].

defamer, backbiter, slanderer, Sir Benjamin Backbite, lampooner,

satirist, traducer, libeler, calumniator, dawplucker[obs3],

Thersites[obs3]; Zoilus; good-natured friend [satirically]; reviler,

vituperator, castigator; shrew &c. 901; muckraker.

disapprover, laudator temporis acti [Lat][Horace].

Adj. black-mouthed, abusive &c. 934.

#937. Vindication.—N. vindication, justification, warrant;

exoneration, exculpation; acquittal &c. 970; whitewashing.

extenuation; palliation, palliative; softening, mitigation.

reply, defense; recrimination &c 938.

apology, gloss, varnish; plea &c. 617; salvo; excuse, extenuating

circumstances; allowance, allowance to be made; locus

paenitentiae[Lat].

apologist, vindicator, justifier; defendant &c. 938.

justifiable charge, true bill.

v. justify, warrant; be an excuse &c. n.for; lend a color, furnish

handle; vindicate; exculpate, disculpate[obs3]; acquit &c. 970; clear,

set

right, exonerate, whitewash; clear the skirts of.

extenuate, palliate, excuse, soften, apologize, varnish, slur,

gloze;

put a gloss, put a good face upon; mince; gloss over, bolster up, help

lame dog over a stile.

advocate, defend, plead one's cause; stand up for, stick up for,

speak

up for; contend for, speak for; bear out, keep in countenance, support;

plead &c, 617; say in defense; plead ignorance; confess and avoid,

propugn[obs3], put in a good word for.

take the will for the deed, make allowance for, give credit for,

justice to; give one his due, give the Devil his due.

make good; prove the truth of, prove one's case; be justified by

the

event.

Adj. vindicated, vindicating &c v.; exculpatory; apologetic.

excusable, defensible, pardonable; venial, veniable[obs3];

specious,

plausible, justifiable.

Phr. "honi sot qui mal y pense"; "good wine needs no bush."

#938. Accusation.—N. accusation, charge, imputation, slur,

inculpation, exprobration[obs3], delation; crimination; incrimination,

accrimination[obs3], recrimination; tu quoque argument[Lat]; invective

&c. 932. denunciation, denouncement; libel, challenge, citation,

arraignment; impeachment, appeachment[obs3]; indictment, bill of

indictment, true bill; lawsuit &c. 969; condemnation &c. 971. gravamen

of a charge, head and front of one's offending, argumentum ad

hominem[Lat]; scandal &c. (detraction) 934; scandalum magnatum[Lat].

accuser, prosecutor, plaintiff; relator, informer; appellant. accused,

defendant, prisoner, perpetrator, panel, respondent; litigant. V.

accuse, charge, tax, impute, twit, taunt with, reproach. brand with

reproach; stigmatize, slur; cast a stone at, cast a slur on;

incriminate, criminate; inculpate, implicate; call to account &c.

(censure) 932; take to blame, take to task; put in the black book.

inform against, indict, denounce, arraign; impeach, appeach[obs3]; have

up, show up, pull up; challenge, cite, lodge a complaint; prosecute,

bring an action against &c. 969; blow upon. charge with, saddle with;

lay to one's door, lay charge; lay the blame on, bring home to; cast

in one's teeth, throw in one's teeth; cast the first stone at. have a

rod in pickle for, keep a rod in pickle for; have a crow to pluck with.

trump up a charge. Adj. accusing &c.v.; accusatory, accusative;

imputative, denunciatory; recriminatory, criminatory[obs3]. accused

&c.v.; suspected; under suspicion, under a cloud, under surveillance;

in custody, in detention; in the lockup, in the watch house, in the

house of detention. accusable, imputable; indefensible, inexcusable;

unpardonable, unjustifiable; vicious &c. 845. Int. look at home; tu

quoque &c. (retaliation) 718[Lat]. Phr. "the breath of accusation kills

an innocent name" [Shelley]; "thou can'st not say I did it" [Macbeth].

3. MORAL CONDITIONS

#939. Probity.—N. probity, integrity, rectitude; uprightness &c.

adj.; honesty, faith; honor; bonne foi[Fr], good faith, bona

fides[Lat]; purity, clean hands. fairness &c. adj.; fair play, justice,

equity, impartiality, principle, even-handedness; grace. constancy;

faithfulness &c. adj.; fidelity, loyalty; incorruption,

incorruptibility. trustworthiness &c. adj.; truth, candor, singleness

of heart; veracity &c. 543; tender conscience &c. (sense of duty) 926.

punctilio, delicacy, nicety; scrupulosity, scrupulousness &c. adj.;

scruple; point, point of honor; punctuality. dignity &c, (repute) 873;

respectability, respectableness &c. adj; gentilhomme[Fr], gentleman;

man of honor, man of his word; fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], preux

chevalier[Fr], galantuomo[It]; truepenny[obs3], trump, brick; true

Briton; white man * [U.S.]. court of honor, a fair field and no favor;

argumentum ad verecundiam[Lat]. V. be honorable &c. adj.; deal

honorably, deal squarely, deal impartially, deal fairly; speak the

truth &c. (veracity) 543; draw a straight furrow; tell the truth and

shame the Devil, vitam impendere vero[Lat]; show a proper spirit, make

a point of; do one's duty &c. (virtue) 944. redeem one's pledge &c.

926; keep one's promise, be as good as one's promise, be as good as

one's word; keep faith with, not fail. give and take, audire alteram

partem[Lat], give the Devil his due, put the saddle on the right horse.

redound to one's honor. Adj. upright; honest, honest as daylight;

veracious &c. 543; virtuous &c. 944; honorable; fair, right, just,

equitable, impartial, evenhanded, square; fair and aboveboard, open and

aboveboard; white * [U.S.]. constant, constant as the northern star;

faithful, loyal, staunch; true, true blue, true to one's colors, true

to the core, true as the needle to the pole; "marble-constant" [Antony

and Cleopatra]; true-hearted, trusty, trustworthy; as good as one's

word, to be depended on, incorruptible. straightforward &c. (ingenuous)

703; frank, candid, open-hearted. conscientious, tender-conscienced,

right-minded; high-principled, high-minded; scrupulous, religious,

strict; nice, punctilious, correct, punctual; respectable, reputable;

gentlemanlike[obs3]. inviolable, inviolate; unviolated[obs3], unbroken,

unbetrayed; unbought, unbribed[obs3]. innocent &c. 946; pure,

stainless; unstained, untarnished, unsullied, untainted,

unperjured[obs3]; uncorrupt, uncorrupted; undefiled, undepraved[obs3],

undebauched[obs3]; integer vitae scelerisque purus [Lat][Horace];

justus et tenax propositi [Lat][Horace]. chivalrous, jealous of honor,

sans peur et sans reproche[Fr]; high- spirited. supramundane[obs3],

unworldly, other-worldly, overscrupulous[obs3]. Adv. honorable &c.

adj.; bona fide; on the square, in good faith, honor bright, foro

conscientiae[Lat], with clean hands. Phr. "a face untaught to feign"

[Pope]; bene qui latuit bene vixit [Lat][Ovid]; mens sibi conscia

recti[Lat]; probitas laudatur et alget [Lat][obs3][Juvenal]; fidelis ad

urnam[Lat]; "his heart as far from fraud as heaven from earth" [Two

Gentlemen]; loyaute m'oblige[Fr]; loyaute n'a honte[Fr]; "what stronger

breastplate than a heart untainted?" [Henry VI].

#940. Improbity.—N. improbity[obs3]; dishonesty, dishonor;

deviation from rectitude; disgrace &c. (disrepute) 874; fraud &c.

(deception) 545; lying &c. 544; bad faith, Punic faith; mala

fides[Lat], Punica fides[Lat]; infidelity; faithlessness &c. adj.;

Judas kiss, betrayal. breach of promise, breach of trust, breach of

faith; prodition|, disloyalty, treason, high treason; apostasy &c.

(tergiversation) 607; nonobservance &c. 773. shabbiness &c. adj.;

villainy, villany[obs3]; baseness &c. adj.; abjection, debasement,

turpitude, moral turpitude, laxity, trimming, shuffling. perfidy;

perfidiousness &c. adj.; treachery, double dealing; unfairness &c.

adj.; knavery, roguery, rascality, foul play; jobbing, jobbery; graft,

bribery; venality, nepotism; corruption, job, shuffle, fishy

transaction; barratry, sharp practice, heads I win tails you lose;

mouth honor &c. (flattery) 933. V. be dishonest &c. adj.; play false;

break one's word, break one's faith, break one's promise; jilt, betray,

forswear; shuffle &c. (lie) 544; live by one's wits, sail near the

wind. disgrace oneself, dishonor oneself, demean oneself; derogate,

stoop, grovel, sneak, lose caste; sell oneself, go over to the enemy;

seal one's infamy. Adj. dishonest, dishonorable; unconscientious,

unscrupulous; fraudulent &c. 545; knavish; disgraceful &c.

(disreputable) 974; wicked &c. 945. false-hearted, disingenuous;

unfair, one-sided; double, double- hearted, double-tongued,

double-faced; timeserving[obs3], crooked, tortuous,insidious,

Machiavelian, dark, slippery; fishy; perfidious, treacherous, perjured.

infamous, arrant, foul, base, vile, ignominious, blackguard.

contemptible, unrespectable, abject, mean, shabby, little, paltry,

dirty, scurvy, scabby, sneaking, groveling, scrubby, rascally,

pettifogging; beneath one. low-minded, low-thoughted[obs3];

base-minded. undignified, indign|; unbecoming, unbeseeming[obs3],

unbefitting; derogatory, degrading; infra dignitatem [Latin: beneath

one's dignity]; ungentlemanly, ungentlemanlike; unknightly[obs3],

unchivalric[obs3], unmanly, unhandsome; recreant, inglorious. corrupt,

venal; debased, mongrel. faithless, of bad faith, false, unfaithful,

disloyal; untrustworthy; trustless, trothless[obs3]; lost to shame,

dead to honor; barratrous. Adv. dishonestly &c. adj.; mala fide[Lat],

like a thief in the night, by crooked paths. Int. O tempora[obs3]! O

mores! [Cicero]. Phr. corruptissima respublica plurimae leges

[Lat][Tacitus].

#941. Knave.—N. knave, rogue; Scapin[obs3], rascal; Lazarillo de

Tormes; bad man &c. 949; blackguard &c. 949; barrater[obs3],

barrator[obs3]; shyster [U.S..]. traitor, betrayer, archtraitor[obs3],

conspirator, Judas, Catiline; reptile, serpent, snake in the grass,

wolf in sheep's clothing, sneak, Jerry Sneak, squealer*, tell-tale,

mischief-maker; trimmer, fence-sitter, renegade &c. (tergiversation)

607; truant, recreant; sycophant &c. (servility) 886.

#942. Disinterestedness.—N. disinterestedness &c. adj.; generosity;

liberality, liberalism; altruism; benevolence &c. 906; elevation,

loftiness of purpose, exaltation, magnanimity; chivalry, chivalrous

spirit; heroism, sublimity. self-denial, self-abnegation,

self-sacrifice, self-immolation, self- control &c. (resolution) 604;

stoicism, devotion, martyrdom, suttee. labor of love. V. be

disinterested &c. adj.; make a sacrifice, lay one's head on the block;

put oneself in the place of others, do as one would be done by, do unto

others as we would men should do unto us. Adj. disinterested;

unselfish; self-denying, self-sacrificing, self- devoted; generous.

handsome, liberal, noble, broad-minded; noble-minded, high-minded;

princely, great, high, elevated, lofty, exalted, spirited, stoical,

magnanimous; great-hearted, large-hearted; chivalrous, heroic, sublime.

unbought, unbribed[obs3]; uncorrupted &c. (upright) 939. Phr. non vobis

solum[Lat].

#943. Selfishness.—N. selfishness &c. adj.; self-love, self-

indulgence, self-worship, self-interest; egotism, egoism; amour

propre[Fr],&c. (vanity) 880; nepotism. worldliness &c. adj.; world

wisdom. illiberality; meanness &c. adj. time-pleaser, time-server;

tuft-hunter, fortune-hunter; jobber, worldling; egotist, egoist,

monopolist, nepotist; dog in the manger, charity that begins at home;

canis in praesepi[Lat], "foes to nobleness," temporizer, trimmer. V. be

selfish &c. adj.; please oneself, indulge oneself, coddle oneself;

consult one's own wishes, consult one's own pleasure; look after one's

own interest; feather one's nest; take care of number one, have an eye

to the main chance, know on which side one's bread is buttered; give an

inch and take an ell. Adj. selfish; self-seeking, self-indulgent,

self-interested, self- centered; wrapped up in self, wrapt up in

self[obs3], centered in self; egotistic, egotistical; egoistical[obs3].

illiberal, mean, ungenerous, narrow-minded; mercenary, venal; covetous

&c. 819. unspiritual, earthly, earthly-minded; mundane; worldly,

worldly- minded; worldly-wise; timeserving[obs3]. interested; alieni

appetens sui profusus[Lat]. Adv. ungenerously &c. adj.; to gain some

private ends, from interested motives. Phr. apres nous le deluge[Fr].

#944. Virtue.—N. virtue; virtuousness &c. adj.; morality; moral

rectitude; integrity &c. (probity) 939; nobleness &c. 873. morals;

ethics &c. (duty) 926; cardinal virtues. merit, worth, desert,

excellence, credit; self-control &c. (resolution) 604; self-denial &c.

(temperance) 953. well-doing; good actions, good behavior; discharge of

duty, fulfillment of duty, performance of duty; well-spent life;

innocence &c. 946. V. be virtuous &c. adj.; practice virtue &c.n.; do

one's duty, fulfill one's duty, perform one's duty, discharge one's

duty; redeem one's pledge, keep one's promise &c. 926; act well, act

one's part; fight the good fight; acquit oneself well; command one's

passions, master one's passions; keep in the right path. set an

example, set a good example; be on one's good behavior, be on one's

best behavior. Adj. virtuous, good; innocent &c. 946; meritorious,

deserving, worthy, desertful[obs3], correct; dutiful, duteous; moral;

right, righteous, right- minded; well-intentioned, creditable,

laudable, commendable, praiseworthy; above all praise, beyond all

praise; excellent, admirable; sterling, pure, noble;

whole-souled[obs3]. exemplary; matchless, peerless; saintly,

saint-like; heaven-born, angelic, seraphic, godlike. Adv. virtuously

&c, adj.; e merito[Lat]. Phr. esse quam videri bonus malebat

[Lat][Sallust]; Schonheit vergeht Tugend besteht[Ger]; "virtue the

greatest of all monarchies" [Swift]; virtus laudatur et alget

[Lat][obs3][Juvenal]; virtus vincit invidiam[Lat].

#945. Vice.—N. vice; evil-doing, evil courses; wrongdoing;

wickedness, viciousness &c. adj.; iniquity, peccability[obs3], demerit;

sin, Adam|!; old Adam[obs3], offending Adam[obs3]. immorality,

impropriety, indecorum, scandal, laxity, looseness of morals;

enphagy[obs3], dophagy[obs3], exophagy[obs3]; want of principle, want

of ballast; obliquity, backsliding, infamy, demoralization,

pravity[obs3], depravity, pollution; hardness of heart; brutality &c.

(malevolence) 907; corruption &c. (debasement) 659; knavery &c.

(improbity) 940[obs3]; profligacy; flagrancy, atrocity; cannibalism;

lesbianism, Sadism. infirmity; weakness &c. adj.; weakness of the

flesh, frailty, imperfection; error; weak side; foible; failing,

failure; crying sin, besetting sin; defect, deficiency; cloven foot.

lowest dregs of vice, sink of iniquity, Alsatian den[obs3]; gusto

picaresco[It]. fault, crime; criminality &c. (guilt) 947. sinner &c.

949. [Resorts] brothel &c. 961; gambling house &c. 621; joint*, opium

den, shooting gallery, crack house. V. be vicious &c. adj.; sin, commit

sin, do amiss, err, transgress; misdemean oneself[obs3], forget

oneself, misconduct oneself; misdo[obs3], misbehave; fall, lapse, slip,

trip, offend, trespass; deviate from the line of duty, deviate from the

path of virtue &c. 944; take a wrong course, go astray; hug a sin, hug

a fault; sow one's wild oats. render vicious &c. adj.; demoralize,

brutalize; corrupt &c. (degrade) 659. Adj. vicious[1]; sinful; sinning

&c.v.; wicked, iniquitous, immoral, unrighteous, wrong, criminal;

naughty, incorrect; unduteous[obs3], undutiful. unprincipled, lawless,

disorderly, contra bonos mores[Lat], indecorous, unseemly, improper;

dissolute, profligate, scampish; unworthy; worthless; desertless[obs3];

disgraceful, recreant; reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable;

discreditable, disreputable; Sadistic. base, sinister, scurvy, foul,

gross, vile, black, grave, facinorous|, felonious, nefarious, shameful,

scandalous, infamous, villainous, of a deep dye, heinous; flagrant,

flagitious; atrocious, incarnate, accursed. Mephistophelian, satanic,

diabolic, hellish, infernal, stygian, fiendlike[obs3], hell-born,

demoniacal, devilish, fiendish. miscreated[obs3], misbegotten;

demoralized, corrupt, depraved. evil-minded, evil-disposed;

ill-conditioned; malevolent &c. 907; heartless, graceless, shameless,

virtueless; abandoned, lost to virtue; unconscionable; sunk in

iniquity, lost in iniquity, steeped in iniquity. incorrigible,

irreclaimable, obdurate, reprobate, past praying for; culpable,

reprehensible &c. (guilty) 947. unjustifiable; indefensible,

inexcusable; inexpiable, unpardonable, irremissible[obs3]. weak, frail,

lax, infirm, imperfect; indiscrete; demoralizing, degrading. Adv.

wrong; sinfully &c. adj.; without excuse. Int. O tempora[obs3]! O

mores! Phr. alitur vitium vivitque tegendo [Lat][obs3][Vergil]; genus

est mortis male vivere [Lat][Ovid]; mala mens malus animus

[Lat][Terence]; nemo repente fuit turpissimus[Lat]; "the trail of the

serpent is over them all" [Moore]; "to sanction vice and hunt decorum

down" [Bryon].

[Note 1 - Most of these adjectives are applicable both to the act and

to the agent.].

#946. Innocence.—N. innocence; guiltlessness &c. adj.;

incorruption, impeccability.

clean hands, clear conscience, mens sibi conscia recti

[Lat][Vergil].

innocent, lamb, dove.

V. be innocent &c. adj; nil conscire sibi nulla pallescere culpa

[Lat][Horace].

acquit &c. 970; exculpate &c. (vindicate) 937.

Adj. innocent, not guilty; unguilty[obs3]; guiltless, faultless,

sinless, stainless, bloodless, spotless; clear, immaculate; rectus in

curia[Lat]; unspotted, unblemished, unerring; undefiled &c. 939;

unhardened[obs3], Saturnian; Arcadian &c. (artless) 703[obs3].

inculpable, unculpable[obs3]; unblamed, unblamable[obs3];

blameless,

unfallen[obs3], inerrable[obs3], above suspicion; irreproachable,

irreprovable[obs3], irreprehensible[obs3]; unexceptionable,

unobjectionable, unimpeachable; salvable[obs3]; venial &c. 937.

harmless; inoffensive, innoxious[obs3], innocuous; dove-like,

lamb-

like; pure, harmless as doves; innocent as a lamb, innocent as the babe

unborn; "more sinned against than sinning" [Lear].

virtuous &c. 944; unreproved[obs3], unimpeached,

unreproached[obs3].

Adv. innocently &c. adj.; with clean hands; with a clear

conscience,

with a safe conscience.

Phr. murus aeneus conscientia sana [Lat][obs3][Horace].

#947. Guilt.—N. guilt, guiltiness; culpability; criminality,

criminousness[obs3]; deviation from rectitude &c. (improbity)

940[obs3]; sinfulness &c. (vice) 945. misconduct, misbehavior,

misdoing, misdeed; malpractice, fault, sin, error, transgression;

dereliction, delinquency; indiscretion, lapse, slip, trip, faux

pas[Fr], peccadillo; flaw, blot, omission; failing, failure; break, bad

break |![U.S.], capital crime, delictum[Lat]. offense, trespass;

misdemeanor, misfeasance, misprision; malefaction, malfeasance,

malversation; crime, felony. enormity, atrocity, outrage; deadly sin,

mortal sin; "deed without a name" [Macbeth]. corpus delicti. Adj.

guilty, to blame, culpable, peccable[obs3], in fault, at fault,

censurable, reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable,

illaudable[obs3]; weighed in the balance and found wanting;

exceptionable. Adv. in flagrante delicto[Lat]; red-handed, in the very

act, with one's hand in the cookie jar. Phr. cui prodest scelus in

fecit [Lat][Seneca]; culpam paena premit comes [Lat][Horace]; "O would

the deed were good!" [Richard II]; "responsibility prevents crimes" se

judice nemo nocens absolvitur [Lat][Burke;][Juvenal]; "so many laws

argues so many sins" [Paradise Lost].

#948. Good Man.—N. good man, honest man, worthy.

good woman, perfect lady, Madonna.

model, paragon &c. (perfection) 650; good example; hero, heroine,

demigod, seraph, angel; innocent &c. 946; saint &c. (piety) 987;

benefactor

&c. 912; philanthropist &c. 910; Aristides[obs3]; noble liver|!,

pattern.

brick*, trump*, gem, jewel, good fellow, prince, diamond in the

rough,

rough diamond, ugly duckling|!.

salt of the earth; one in ten thousand; one in a million; a

gentleman

and a scholar; pillar of society, pillar of the community, a man among

men.

Phr. si sic omnes[Lat]!

#949. Bad Man.—N. bad man, wrongdoer, worker of iniquity; evildoer

&c. 913; sinner; the wicked &c. 945; bad example. villain, rascal,

scoundrel, miscreant, budmash[obs3], caitiff|!; wretch, reptile,

viper, serpent, cockatrice, basilisk, urchin; tiger|!, monster; devil

&c. (demon) 980; devil incarnate; demon in human shape, Nana Sahib;

hellhound, hellcat; rakehell[obs3]. bad woman, jade, Jezebel. scamp,

scapegrace, rip, runagate, ne'er-do-well, reprobate, scalawag,

scallawag. rou[French], rake; Sadist; skeesicks*[obs3], skeezix*

[obs3][U.S.]; limb; one who has sold himself to the devil, fallen

angel, ame damnee[Fr], vaurien[obs3], mauvais sujet[Fr], loose fish,

sad dog; rounder*; lost sheep, black sheep; castaway, recreant,

defaulter; prodigal &c. 818. rough, rowdy, hooligan, tough, ugly

customer, mean mother [coll.], ruffian, bully, meanie [jocular];

Jonathan Wild; hangman. incendiary, arsonist, fire bug [U.S.]. thief

&c. 792; murderer, terrorist &c. 361. [person who violates the criminal

law] culprit, delinquent, crook, hoodlum, hood, criminal, thug,

malefactor, offender, perpetrator, perp [coll.]; disorderly person,

misdemeanant[Law]; outlaw; scofflaw; vandal; felon[convicted criminal];

convict, prisoner, inmate, jail bird, ticket of leave man; multiple

offender. blackguard, polisson[obs3], loafer, sneak; rapscallion,

rascallion[obs3]; cullion[obs3], mean wretch, varlet, kern[obs3],

ame-de- boue[Fr], drole[obs3]; cur, dog, hound|!, whelp|!, mongrel|!;

lown|!, loon, runnion[obs3], outcast, vagabond; rogue &c. (knave) 941;

ronian[obs3]; scum of the earth, riffraff; Arcades ambo[obs3]. Int.

sirrah[obs3]! Phr. Acherontis pabulum[obs3]; gibier de potence[Fr].

#950. Penitence.—N. penitence, contrition, compunction, repentance,

remorse; regret &c. 833. self-reproach, self-reproof, self-accusation,

self-condemnation, self- humiliation; stings of conscience, pangs of

conscience, qualms of conscience, prickings of conscience[obs3], twinge

of conscience, twitch of conscience, touch of conscience, voice of

conscience; compunctious visitings of nature[obs3]. acknowledgment,

confession &c. (disclosure) 529; apology &c. 952; recantation &c. 607;

penance &c. 952; resipiscence|!. awakened conscience, deathbed

repentance, locus paenitentiae[Lat], stool of repentance,

cuttystool[obs3]. penitent, repentant, Magdalen, prodigal son, "a

sadder and a wiser man" [Coleridge]. V. repent, be sorry for; be

penitent &c. adj.; rue; regret &c. 833; think better of; recant &c.

607; knock under &c. (submit) 725; plead guilty; sing miserere[Lat],

sing de profundis[Lat]; cry peccavi; own oneself in the wrong;

acknowledge, confess &c, (disclose) 529; humble oneself; beg pardon &c.

(apologize) 952; turn over a new leaf, put on the new man, turn from

sin; reclaim; repent in sackcloth and ashes &c, (do penance) 952; learn

by experience. Adj. penitent; repenting &c.v.; repentant, contrite;

conscience- smitten, conscience-stricken; self-accusing,

self-convicted. penitential, penitentiary; reclaimed, reborn; not

hardened; unhardened[obs3]. Adv. mea culpa. Phr. peccavi; erubuit[Lat];

salva res est [Lat][Terence]; Tu l'as voulu[Fr], Georges Dandin; "and

wet his grave with my repentant tears" [Richard III].

#951. Impenitence.—N. impenitence, irrepentance[obs3],

recusance[obs3]; lack of contrition.

hardness of heart, seared conscience, induration, obduracy.

V. be impenitent &c. adj.; steel the heart, harden the heart; die

game, die and make no sign, die unshriven, die without benefit of

clergy.

Adj. impenitent, uncontrite, obdurate; hard, hardened; seared,

recusant; unrepentant; relentless, remorseless, graceless,

shriftless[obs3].

lost, incorrigible, irreclaimable.

unreconstructed, unregenerate, unreformed; unrepented[obs3],

unreclaimed[obs3], unatoned.

#952. Atonement.—N. atonement, reparation; compromise, composition;

compensation &c. 30; quittance, quits; expiation, redemption,

reclamation, conciliation, propitiation; indemnification, redress.

amends, apology, amende honorable[obs3], satisfaction; peace offering,

sin offering, burnt offering; scapegoat, sacrifice. penance, fasting,

maceration, sackcloth and ashes, white sheet, shrift, flagellation,

lustration[obs3]; purgation, purgatory. V. atone, atone for; expiate;

propitiate; make amends, make good; reclaim, redeem, repair, ransom,

absolve, purge, shrive, do penance, stand in a white sheet, repent in

sackcloth and ashes, wear a hairshirt. set one's house in order, wipe

off old scores, make matters up; pay the forfeit, pay the penalty.

apologize, beg pardon, fair l'amende honorable[Fr], give satisfaction;

come down on one's knees, fall down on one's knees, down on one's

marrow bones.

4. MORAL PRACTICE

#953. Temperance.—N. temperance, moderation, sobriety, soberness.

forbearance, abnegation; self-denial, self-restraint, self-control

&c.

(resolution) 604.

frugality; vegetarianism, teetotalism, total abstinence;

abstinence,

abstemiousness; Encratism[obs3], prohibition; system of Pythagoras,

system

of Cornaro; Pythagorism, Stoicism.

vegetarian; Pythagorean, gymnosophist[obs3].

teetotaler &c. 958; abstainer; designated driver; Encratite[obs3],

fruitarian[obs3], hydropot|!.

V. be temperate &c. adj.; abstain, forbear, refrain, deny oneself,

spare, swear off.

know when one has had enough, know one's limit.

take the pledge, go on the wagon.

Adj. temperate, moderate, sober, frugal, sparing; abstemious,

abstinent; within compass; measured &c. (sufficient) 639.

on the wagon, on the water wagon.

[re locations where alcoholic beverages are prohibited] dry.

Pythagorean; vegetarian; teetotal.

Phr. appetitus rationi obediant [Lat][Cicero]; l'abstenir pour

jouir

c'est l'epicurisme de la raison [Fr][Rousseau]; trahit sua quemque

voluptas

[Lat][Vergil].

#954. Intemperance.—N. intemperance; sensuality, animalism,

carnality; tragalism[obs3]; pleasure; effeminacy, silkiness; luxury,

luxuriousness; lap of pleasure, lap of luxury; free living. indulgence;

high living, wild living, inabstinence[obs3], self- indulgence;

voluptuousness &c. adj.; epicurism, epicureanism; sybaritism; drug

habit. dissipation; licentiousness &c. adj.; debauchery;

crapulence[obs3]. revels, revelry; debauch, carousal, jollification,

drinking bout, wassail, saturnalia, orgies; excess, too much. Circean

cup. [drugs of abuse: list] bhang, hashish, marijuana, pot [coll.],

hemp [coll.], grass [coll.]; opium, cocaine, morphine, heroin;

LSD[abbr], lysergic acid diethylamide[Chem][Chem]; phencyclidine, angel

dust, PCP; barbiturates; amphetamines, speed [coll.]. V. be intemperate

&c. adj.; indulge, exceed; live well, live high, live high on the fat

of the land, live it up, live high on the hog; give a loose to

indulgence &c. n.; wallow in voluptuousness &c. n.; plunge into

dissipation. revel; rake, live hard, run riot, sow one's wild oats;

slake one's appetite, slake one's thirst; swill; pamper. Adj.

intemperate,inabstinent[obs3]; sensual, self-indulgent; voluptuous,

luxurious, licentious, wild, dissolute, rakish, fast, debauched.

brutish, crapulous[obs3], swinish, piggish. Paphian, Epicurean,

Sybaritical; bred in the lap of luxury, nursed in the lap of luxury;

indulged, pampered; full-fed, high-fed. Phr. "being full of supper and

distempering draughts" [Othello].

#954a. Sensualist.—N. Sybarite, voluptuary, Sardanaphalus, man of

pleasure, carpet knight; epicure, epicurean, gourmet, gourmand; pig,

hog; votary of Epicurus, swine of Epicurus; sensualist; Heliogabalus;

free liver, hard liver; libertine &c. 962; hedonist; tragalist[obs3].

#955. Asceticism.—N. asceticism, puritanism, sabbatarianism[obs3];

cynicism|!, austerity; total abstinence; nephalism[obs3].

mortification, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, flagellation;

penance

&c. 952; fasting &c. 956; martyrdom.

ascetic; anchoret[obs3], anchorite; martyr;

Heautontimorumenos[obs3];

hermit &c. (recluse) 893; puritan, sabbatarian[obs3], cynic,

sanyasi[obs3],

yogi.

Adj. ascetic, austere, puritanical; cynical; over-religious;

acerbic.

#956. Fasting.—N. fasting; xerophagy[obs3]; famishment, starvation.

fast, jour maigre[Fr]; fast day, banyan day; Lent,

quadragesima[obs3]; Ramadan, Ramazan; spare diet, meager diet;

lenten diet, lenten entertainment; soupe maigre[Fr], short

commons, Barmecide feast[obs3]; short rations. V. fast, starve,

clem|, famish, perish with hunger; dine with Duke Humphrey[obs3];

make two bites of a cherry. Adj. lenten, quadragesimal[obs3];

unfed[obs3]; starved &c.v.; half- starved; fasting &c. v.; hungry

&c. 865.

#957. Gluttony.—N. gluttony; greed, avarice; greediness &c. adj.;

voracity.

epicurism; good living, high living; edacity[obs3],

gulosity[obs3],

crapulence[obs3]; guttling[obs3], guzzling; pantophagy[obs3].

good cheer, blow out; feast &c. (food) 298; gastronomy, batterie

cuisine[Fr].

epicure, bon vivant, gourmand; glutton, cormorant, hog, belly god,

Apicius[obs3], gastronome; gourmet &c. 954a, 868.

v. gormandize, gorge; overgorge[obs3], overeat oneself; engorge,

eat

one's fill, cram, stuff; guttle[obs3], guzzle; bolt, devour, gobble up;

gulp &c. (swallow food) 298; raven, eat out of house and home.

have the stomach of an ostrich; play a good knife and fork &c.

(appetite) 865.

pamper.

Adj. gluttonous, greedy; gormandizing &c.v.; edacious[obs3],

omnivorous, crapulent[obs3], swinish.

avaricious &c. 819; selfish &c. 918.

pampered; overfed, overgorged[obs3].

Phr. jejunus raro stomachus vulgaria temnit [Lat][Horace].

#958. Sobriety.—N. sobriety; teetotalism.

temperance &c. 953.

water-drinker; hydropot|!; prohibitionist; teetotaler,

teetotalist;

abstainer, Good Templar, band of hope.

V. take the pledge.

Adj. sober, sober as a judge.

#959. Drunkenness.—N. drunkenness &c. adj.; intemperance; drinking

&c. v.; inebriety[obs3], inebriation; ebriety[obs3], ebriosity[obs3];

insobriety; intoxication; temulency[obs3], bibacity[obs3], wine

bibbing; comtation[obs3], potation; deep potations, bacchanals,

bacchanalia, libations; bender* [U.S.]. oinomania[obs3], dipsomania;

delirium tremens; alcohol, alcoholism; mania a potu[Fr]. drink;

alcoholic drinks; blue ruin*, grog, port wine; punch, punch bowl; cup,

rosy wine, flowing bowl; drop, drop too much; dram; beer &c. (beverage)

298; aguardiente[obs3]; apple brandy, applejack; brandy, brandy smash

[U.S.]; chain lightning*, champagne, cocktail; gin, ginsling[obs3];

highball [U.S.], peg, rum, rye, schnapps [U.S.], sherry, sling [U.S.],

uisquebaugh[Irish], usquebaugh, whisky, xeres[obs3]. drunkard, sot,

toper, tippler, bibber[obs3], wine-bibber, lush; hard drinker, gin

drinker, dram drinker; soaker*, sponge, tun; love pot, toss pot;

thirsty soul, reveler, carouser, Bacchanal, Bacchanalian;

Bacchal[obs3], Bacchante[obs3]; devotee to Bacchus[obs3]; bum* [U.S.],

guzzler, tavern haunter. V. get drunk, be drunk &c. adj.; see double;

take a drop too much, take a glass too much; drink; tipple, tope,

booze, bouse[Fr], guzzle, swill*, soak*, sot, bum* [U.S.], besot, have

a jag on, have a buzz on, lush*, bib, swig, carouse; sacrifice at the

shrine of Bacchus[obs3]; take to drinking; drink hard, drink deep,

drink like a fish; have one's swill*, drain the cup, splice the main

brace, take a hair of the dog that bit you. liquor, liquor up; wet

one's whistle, take a whet; crack a bottle, pass the bottle; toss off

&c. (drink up) 2198; go to the alehouse, go to the public house. make

one drunk &c. adj.; inebriate, fuddle, befuddle, fuzzle[obs3], get into

one's head. Adj. drunk, tipsy; intoxicated; inebrious[obs3], inebriate,

inebriated; in one's cups; in a state of intoxication &c.n.;

temulent[obs3], temulentive[obs3]; bombed, smashed; fuddled, mellow,

cut, boozy, fou[obs3], fresh, merry, elevated; flustered, disguised,

groggy, beery; top-heavy; potvaliant[obs3], glorious; potulent|;

squiffy*[obs3]; overcome, overtaken; whittled, screwed*, tight, primed,

corned, raddled[obs3], sewed up*, lushy*[obs3], nappy[obs3], muddled,

muzzy[obs3], obfuscated, maudlin; crapulous[obs3], dead drunk.

woozy[1][slightly drunk], buzzed, flush, flushed. inter pocula[obs3];

in liquor, the worse for liquor; having had a drop too much, half seas

over, three sheets in the wind, three sheets to the wind; under the

table. drunk as a lord, drunk as a skunk, drunk as a piper, drunk as a

fiddler, drunk as Chloe, drunk as an owl, drunk as David's sow, drunk

as a wheelbarrow. drunken, bibacious[obs3], sottish; given to drink,

addicted to drink, addicted to the bottle; toping &c.v. Phr. nunc est

bibendum[Lat]; "Bacchus ever fair and young" [Dryden]; "drink down all

unkindness" [Merry Wives]; "O that men should put an enemy in their

mouths to steal away their brains" [Othello].

#960. Purity.—N. purity; decency, decorum, delicacy; continence,

chastity, honesty, virtue, modesty, shame; pudicity[obs3],

pucelage[obs3],

virginity.

vestal, virgin, Joseph, Hippolytus; Lucretia, Diana; prude.

Adj. pure, undefiled, modest, delicate, decent, decorous;

virginibus

puerisque[Lat]; simon-pure; chaste, continent, virtuous, honest,

Platonic.

virgin, unsullied; cherry [coll.].

Phr. "as chaste as unsunn'd snow" [Cymbeline]; "a soul as white as

heaven" [Beaumonth & Fl.]; "'tis Chastity, my brother, Chastity"

[Milton];

"to the pure all things are pure" [Shelley].

#961. Impurity.—N. impurity; uncleanness &c. (filth) 653;

immodesty; grossness &c. adj.; indelicacy, indecency; impudicity[obs3];

obscenity, ribaldry, Fescennine, smut, bawdry[obs3], double entente,

equivoque[Fr]. concupiscence, lust, carnality, flesh, salacity;

pruriency, lechery, lasciviency[obs3], lubricity; Sadism,

sapphism[obs3]. incontinence, intrigue, faux pas[Fr]; amour,

amourette[obs3]; gallantry; debauchery, libertinish[obs3],

libertinage[obs3], fornication; liaison; wenching, venery, dissipation.

seduction; defloration, defilement, abuse, violation, rape; incest.

prostitution, social evil, harlotry, stupration[obs3], whoredom,

concubinage, cuckoldom[obs3], adultery, advoutry[obs3], crim[abbr].

con.; free love. seraglio, harem; brothel, bagnio[obs3], stew,

bawdyhouse[obs3], cat house, lupanar[obs3], house of ill fame,

bordel[obs3], bordello. V. be impure &c. adj.; intrigue; debauch,

defile, seduce; prostitute; abuse, violate, deflower; commit adultery

&c.n. Adj. impure; unclean &c. (dirty) 653; not to be mentioned to ears

polite; immodest, shameless; indecorous, indelicate, indecent;

Fescennine; loose, risque [French], coarse, gross, broad, free,

equivocal, smutty, fulsome, ribald, obscene, bawdy, pornographic.

concupiscent, prurient, lickerish[obs3], rampant, lustful; carnal,

carnal-minded; lewd, lascivious, lecherous, libidinous, erotic,

ruttish, salacious; Paphian; voluptuous; goatish, must, musty.

unchaste, light, wanton, licentious, debauched, dissolute; of loose

character, of easy virtue; frail, gay, riggish[obs3], incontinent,

meretricious, rakish, gallant, dissipated; no better than she should

be; on the town, on the streets, on the pave, on the loose. adulterous,

incestuous, bestial.

#962. Libertine.—N. libertine; voluptuary &c. 954a; rake,

debauchee, loose fish, rip, rakehell[obs3], fast man; intrigant[obs3],

gallant, seducer, fornicator, lecher, satyr, goat, whoremonger,

paillard[obs3], adulterer, gay deceiver, Lothario, Don Juan,

Bluebeard[obs3]; chartered libertine. adulteress, advoutress[obs3],

courtesan, prostitute, strumpet, harlot, whore, punk, fille de

joie[Fr]; woman, woman of the town; streetwalker, Cyprian, miss,

piece[Fr]; frail sisterhood; demirep, wench, trollop, trull[obs3],

baggage, hussy, drab, bitch, jade, skit, rig, quean[obs3], mopsy[obs3],

slut, minx, harridan; unfortunate, unfortunate female, unfortunate

woman; woman of easy virtue &c. (unchaste) 961; wanton,

fornicatress[obs3]; Jezebel, Messalina, Delilah, Thais, Phryne,

Aspasia[obs3], Lais, lorette[obs3], cocotte[obs3], petite dame,

grisette[obs3]; demimonde; chippy* [obs3][U.S.]; sapphist[obs3];

spiritual wife; white slave. concubine, mistress, doxy[obs3], chere

amie[Fr], bona roba[It]. pimp, procurer; pander, pandar[obs3]; bawd,

conciliatrix[obs3], procuress[obs3], mackerel, wittol|.

5. INSTITUTIONS

#963. Legality.—N. legality; legitimacy, legitimateness.

legislature; law, code, corpus juris[Lat], constitution,

pandect[obs3], charter, enactment, statute, rule; canon &c. (precept)

697;

ordinance, institution, regulation; bylaw, byelaw; decree &c. (order)

741;

ordonnance[obs3]; standing order; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609.

legal process; form, formula, formality; rite, arm of the law;

habeas

corpus; fieri facias[Lat].

[Science of law] jurisprudence, nomology[obs3]; legislation,

codification.

equity, common law; lex[Lat], lex nonscripta[Lat][obs3]; law of

nations, droit des gens[Fr], international law, jus gentium[Lat]; jus

civile[Lat]; civil law, canon law, crown law, criminal law, statute

law,

ecclesiastical law, administrative law; lex mercatoria[Lat].

constitutionalism, constitutionality; justice &c. 922.

[institution for deciding questions of law] court, tribunal &c.

966.

[person who presides at a court or tribunal] judge &c. 967.

[specialist in questions of law] lawyer, attorney, legal counsel

&c.

968.

V. legalize; enact, ordain; decree &c. (order) 741; pass a law,

enact

a regulation; legislate; codify, formulate; regulate.

Adj. legal, legitimate; according to law; vested, constitutional,

chartered, legalized; lawful &c. (permitted) 760; statutable[obs3],

statutory; legislatorial, legislative; regulatory, regulated.

Adv. legally &c. adj.; in the eye of the law; de jure[Lat].

Phr. ignorantia legis neminem excusat[Latin: ignorance of the law

no excuse]; "where law ends tyranny begins" [Earl of Chatham].

#964. [Absence or violation of law.] Illegality.—N. lawlessness;

illicitness; breach of law, violation of law, infraction of the law;

disobedience &c. 742; unconformity &c. 83.

arbitrariness &c. adj.; antinomy, violence, brute force,

despotism,

outlawry.

mob law, lynch law, club law, Lydford law, martial law, drumhead

law;

coup d'etat[Fr]; le droit du plus fort[Fr]; argumentum

baculinum[obs3][Lat].

illegality, informality, unlawfulness, illegitimacy, bar sinister.

trover and conversion[Law]; smuggling, poaching; simony.

[person who violates the law] outlaw, bad man &c. 949.

v. offend against the law; violate the law, infringe the law,

break

the law; set the law at defiance, ride roughshod over, drive a coach

and

six through a statute; ignore the law, make the law a dead letter, take

the

law into one's own hands.

smuggle, run, poach.

Adj. illegal[contrary to law], unlawful, illegitimate; not

allowed,

prohibited &c. 761; illicit, contraband; actionable.

unwarranted, unwarrantable; unauthorized; informal, unofficial;

injudicial[obs3], extrajudicial.

lawless, arbitrary; despotic, despotical[obs3]; corrupt, summary,

irresponsible; unanswerable, unaccountable.

[of invalid or expired law] expired, invalid; unchartered,

unconstitutional; null and void; a dead letter.

[in absence of law] lawless, unregulated

Adv. illegally &c. adj.; with a high hand, in violation of law.

#965. Jurisdiction. [Executive.]—N. jurisdiction, judicature,

administration of justice, soc; executive, commission of the peace;

magistracy &c. (authority) 737. judge &c. 967; tribunal &c. 966;

municipality, corporation, bailiwick, shrievalty[Brit]; lord

lieutenant, sheriff, shire reeve, shrieve[obs3], constable; selectman;

police, police force, the fuzz [sarcastic]; constabulary,

bumbledom[obs3], gendarmerie[Fr]. officer, bailiff, tipstaff,

bum-bailiff, catchpoll, beadle; policeman, cop [coll.], police

constable, police sergeant; sbirro[obs3], alguazil[obs3], gendarme,

kavass[obs3], lictor[obs3], mace bearer, huissier[Fr], bedel[obs3];

tithingman[obs3]. press gang; exciseman[obs3], gauger, gager[obs3],

customhouse officer, douanier[Fr]. coroner, edile[obs3], aedile[obs3],

portreeve[obs3], paritor|; posse comitatus[Lat]. bureau,

cutcherry[obs3], department, secretariat. [extension of jurisdiction]

long arm of the law, extradition. V. judge, sit in judgment; extradite.

Adj. executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial,

causidical[obs3]; judicatory[obs3], judiciary, judicial; juridical.

Adv. coram judice[Lat].

#966. Tribunal.—N. tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory[obs3];

court of justice, court of law, court of arbitration, administrative

court; inquisition; guild. justice seat; judgment seat, mercy seat;

woolsack[obs3]; bar of justice; dock; forum, hustings, bureau,

drumhead; jury box, witness box. senate house, town hall, theater;

House of Commons, House of Lords; statehouse [U.S.], townhouse. assize,

eyre; wardmote[obs3], burghmote[obs3]; barmote[obs3]; superior courts

of Westminster; court of record, court oyer and terminer[Law], court

assize, court of appeal, court of error; High court of Judicature, High

court of Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council; Star Chamber;

Court of Chancery, Court of King's or Queen's Bench, Court of

Exchequer, Court of Common Pleas, Court of Probate, Court of Arches,

Court of Admiralty; Lords Justices' court, Rolls court, Vice

Chancellor's court, Stannary court[obs3], Divorce court, Family court,

Palatine court, county court, district court, police court; sessions;

quarter sessions, petty sessions; court-leet[Fr], court-baron, court of

pie poudre[Fr], court of common council; board of green cloth. court

martial; drumhead court martial; durbar[obs3], divan; Areopagus[obs3];

Irota. Adj. judicial &c. 965; appellate. Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist

das Weltgericht[Ger].

#967. Judge.—N. judge; justice, justiciar[obs3], justiciary[obs3];

chancellor; justice of assize, judge of assize; recorder, common

sergeant; puisne judge, assistant judge, county court judge;

conservator of the peace, justice of the peace; J.P.; court &c.

(tribunal) 966; magistrate, police magistrate, beak*; his worship, his

honor, his lordship. jury, twelve men in a box. Lord Chancellor, Lord

Justice; Master of the Rolls, Vice Chancellor; Lord Chief Justice,

Chief Baron; Mr. Justice, Associate Justice, Chief Justice; Baron,

Baron of the Exchequer. jurat[Lat], assessor; arbiter, arbitrator;

umpire; referee, referendary[obs3]; revising barrister; domesman[obs3];

censor &c. (critic) 480; barmaster[obs3], ephor[obs3]; grand juror,

grand juryman; juryman, talesman. archon, tribune, praetor, syndic,

podesta[obs3], mollah[obs3], ulema, mufti, cadi[obs3], kadi[obs3];

Rhadamanthus[obs3]. litigant &c. (accusation) 938. V. adjudge &c.

(determine) 480; try a case, try a prisoner. Adj. judicial &c. 965.

Phr. "a Daniel come to judgment" [Merchant of Venice].

#968. Lawyer.—N. lawyer, attorney, legal counsel; counsel,

counsellor, counsellor at law, attorney at law; jurist, legist[obs3],

civilian, pundit, publicist, juris consult[Lat], legal adviser,

advocate; barrister, barrister at law; King's or Queen's counsel;

K.C.; Q.C.; silk gown, leader, sergeant-at-law, bencher; tubman[obs3],

judge &c. 967. bar, legal profession, bar association, association of

trial lawyers; officer of the court; gentleman of the long robe; junior

bar, outer bar, inner bar; equity draftsman, conveyancer, pleader,

special pleader. solicitor, proctor; notary, notary public; scrivener,

cursitor[obs3]; writer, writer to the signet; S.S.C.; limb of the law;

pettifogger; vakil[obs3]. legal beagle [coll.]. [persons accessory to

lawyers] legal secretary; legal assistant; law student. V. practice

law, practice at the bar, practice within the bar; plead; call to the

bar, be called to the bar, be called within the bar; take silk; take to

the law. give legal counsel, provide legal counsel. Adj. learned in the

law; at the bar; forensic; esquire, esquired. Phr. banco regis[Lat].

#969. Lawsuit.—N. lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; suit in

law; dispute &c. 713.

citation, arraignment, prosecution, impeachment; accusation &c.

938;

presentment, true bill, indictment.

apprehension, arrest; committal; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751.

writ, summons, subpoena, latitat[obs3], nisi prius[Lat]; venire,

venire facias

pleadings[Lat]; declaration, bill, claim; proces verbal[Fr]; bill

right, information, corpus delicti; affidavit, state of facts; answer,

reply, replication, plea, demurrer, rebutter, rejoinder;

surrebutter[obs3],

surrejoinder[obs3].

suitor, party to a suit; plaintiff, defendant, litigant &c. 938.

hearing, trial; verdict &c. (judgment) 480; appeal, appeal motion;

writ of error; certiorari[Lat].

case; decision, precedent; decided case, reports (legal reference

works, see reference books).

V. go to law, appeal to the law; bring to justice, bring to trial,

bring to the bar; put on trial, pull up; accuse &c. 938; prefer a

claim,

file a claim &c.n.; take the law of, inform against.

serve with a writ, cite, apprehend, arraign, sue, prosecute, bring

action against, indict, impeach, attach, distrain, commit; arrest;

summon,

summons; give in charge &c. (restrain) 751.

empanel a jury, implead[obs3], join issue; close the pleadings;

set

down for hearing.

try, hear a cause; sit in judgment; adjudicate &c. 480.

Adj. litigious &c. (quarrelsome) 713; qui tam; coram judice[Lat],

sub

judice[Lat].

Adv. pendente lite[Lat].

Phr. adhuc sub judice lis est[Lat]; accedas ad curiam[Lat];

transeat

in exemplum[Lat].

#970. Acquittal.—N. acquittal, acquitment[obs3]; clearance,

exculpation; acquittance, clearance, exoneration; discharge &c.

(release)

750; quietus, absolution, compurgation[obs3], reprieve, respite; pardon

&c.

(forgiveness) 918.

[Exemption from punishment] impunity; diplomatic immunity;

immunity;

plea bargain, deal with the prosecutor.

[in civil suits] no cause for action; no damages.

V. acquit, exculpate, exonerate, clear; absolve, whitewash,

assoil[obs3]; discharge, release; liberate &c. 750.

reprieve, respite; pardon &c. (forgive) 918; let off, let off

scot-

free.

drop the charges.

plea bargain, strike a deal.

no-cause[in civil suits][transitive]; get

no-caused[intransitive].

Adj. acquitted &c. v.; uncondemned, unpunished, unchastised.

not guilty; not proven.

not liable.

Phr. nemo bis punitur pro codem delicto[Lat][obs3].

#971. Condemnation.—N. condemnation, conviction, judgment, penalty,

sentence; proscription, damnation; death warrant.

attainder, attainture[obs3], attaintment[obs3].

V. condemn, convict, cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom,

sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on, attaint,

confiscate,

proscribe, sequestrate; nonsuit[obs3].

disapprove &c. 932; accuse &c. 938.

stand condemned.

Adj. condemnatory, damnatory[obs3]; guilty, condemned &c.v.;

nonsuited

&c. (failure) 732[obs3]; self-convicted.

Phr. mutato nomine de te fabula narratur[Lat]; "unrespited,

unpitied,

unreprieved" [P.L.].

#972. Punishment.—N. punishment,punition[obs3]; chastisement,

chastening; correction, castigation. discipline, infliction, trial;

judgment; penalty &c. 974; retribution; thunderbolt, Nemesis; requital

&c. (reward) 973; penology; retributive justice. lash, scaffold &c.

(instrument of punishment) 975; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751;

transportation, banishment, expulsion, exile, involuntary exile,

ostracism; penal servitude, hard labor; galleys &c. 975; beating &c.v.;

flagellation, fustigation[obs3], gantlet, strappado[obs3],

estrapade[obs3], bastinado, argumentum baculinum[Lat][obs3], stick law,

rap on the knuckles, box on the ear; blow &c. (impulse) 276; stripe,

cuff, kick, buffet, pummel; slap, slap in the face; wipe, douse; coup

de grace; torture, rack; picket, picketing; dragonnade[obs3]. capital

punishment; execution; lethal injection; the gas chamber; hanging

&c.v.; electrocution, rail-riding, scarpines[obs3]; decapitation,

decollation[obs3]; garrotte, garrotto[It]; crucifixion, impalement;

firing squad; martyrdom; auto-da-fe[Fr]; noyade[obs3]; happy dispatch.

[suicide as punishment] hara-kiri, seppuku [Japanese]; drinking the

hemlock. V. punish; chastise, chasten; castigate, correct, inflict

punishment, administer correction, deal retributive justice; cowhide,

lambaste*. visit upon, pay; pay out, serve out; do for; make short work

of, give a lesson to, serve one right, make an example of; have a rod

in pickle for; give it one. strike &c. 276; deal a blow to, administer

the lash, smite; slap, slap the face; smack, cuff, box the ears, spank,

thwack, thump, beat, lay on, swinge[obs3], buffet; thresh, thrash,

pummel, drub, leather, trounce, sandbag, baste, belabor; lace, lace

one's jacket; dress, dress down, give a dressing, trim, warm, wipe,

tund[obs3], cob, bang, strap, comb, lash, lick, larrup, wallop, whop,

flog, scourge, whip, birch, cane, give the stick, switch, flagellate,

horsewhip, bastinado, towel, rub down with an oaken towel, rib roast,

dust one's jacket, fustigate[obs3], pitch into, lay about one, beat

black and blue; beat to a mummy, beat to a jelly; give a black eye. tar

and feather; pelt, stone, lapidate[obs3]; masthead, keelhaul. execute;

bring to the block, bring to the gallows; behead, decapitate,

guillotine; decollate; hang, turn off, gibbet, bowstring, hang draw

and quarter; shoot; decimate; burn; break on the wheel, crucify;

empale[obs3], impale; flay; lynch; electrocute; gas, send to the gas

chamber. torture; put on, put to the rack; picket. banish, exile,

transport, expel, ostracize; rusticate; drum out; dismiss, disbar,

disbench[obs3]; strike off the roll, unfrock; post. suffer, suffer for,

suffer punishment; be flogged. be executed, suffer the ultimate

penalty; be hanged &c., come to the gallows, mount the gallows, swing

[coll.], twist in the wind, dance upon nothing, die in one's shoes; be

rightly served; be electrocuted, fry [coll.], ride the lightning

[coll.]; face the firing squad. Adj. punishing &c. v.; penal;

punitory[obs3], punitive; inflictive, castigatory; punished &c.v. Int.

a la lanterne[Fr]! Phr. culpan paena premit comes [Lat][Horace];

"eating the bitter bread of banishment" [Richard II]; gravis ira regum

est semper [Lat][Seneca]; sera tamen tacitis paena venit pedibus

[Lat][Tibullus]; suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Lat][Terence].

#973. Reward.—N. reward, recompense, remuneration, meed,

guerdon[obs3], reguerdon|; price.

[payment for damage or debt] indemnity, indemnification;

quittance;

compensation; reparation, redress, satisfaction; reckoning,

acknowledgment,

requital, amends, sop; atonement, retribution; consideration, return,

quid

pro quo.

salvage, perquisite; vail &c. (donation) 784[obs3].

douceur[Fr], bribe; hush money, smart money|!; blackmail,

extortion;

carcelage|; solatium[obs3].

allowance, salary, stipend, wages, compensation; pay, payment;

emolument; tribute; batta[obs3], shot, scot; bonus, premium, tip; fee,

honorarium; hire; dasturi[obs3], dustoori[obs3]; mileage.

crown &c. (decoration of honor) 877.

V. reward, recompense, repay, requite; remunerate, munerate[obs3];

compensate; fee; pay one's footing &c. (pay) 807; make amends,

indemnify,

atone; satisfy, acknowledge.

get for one's pains, reap the fruits of.

tip.

Adj. remunerative, remuneratory; munerary[obs3], compensatory,

retributive, reparatory[obs3]; rewarding; satisfactory.

Phr. fideli certa merces[Lat]; honor virtutis praemium

[Lat][Cicero];

tibi seris tibi metis[Lat].

#974. Penalty.—N. penalty; retribution &c. (punishment) 972; pain,

pains and penalties; weregild[obs3], wergild; peine forte et dure[Fr];

penance &c. (atonement) 952; the devil to pay. fine, mulct, amercement;

forfeit, forfeiture; escheat[Law], damages, deodand[obs3],

sequestration, confiscation, premunire[Lat]; doomage [obs3][U.S.]. V.

fine, mulct, amerce, sconce, confiscate; sequestrate, sequester;

escheat[Law]; estreat[obs3], forfeit.

#975. [Instrument of punishment.] Scourge.—N. scourge, rod, cane,

stick; ratan[obs3], rattan; birch, birch rod; azote[obs3],

blacksnake[obs3], bullwhack [obs3][U.S.], chicote[obs3], kurbash[obs3],

quirt, rawhide, sjambok[obs3]; rod in pickle; switch, ferule, cudgel,

truncheon. whip, bullwhip, lash, strap, thong, cowhide, knout; cat, cat

o'nine tails; rope's end. pillory, stocks, whipping post; cucking

stool[obs3], ducking stool; brank[obs3]; trebuchet[obs3],

trebuket[obs3]. triangle[instruments of torture: list], wooden horse,

iron maiden, thumbscrew, boot, rack, wheel, iron heel; chinese water

torture. treadmill, crank, galleys. scaffold; block, ax, guillotine;

stake; cross; gallows, gibbet, tree, drop, noose, rope, halter,

bowstring; death chair, electric chair; gas chamber; lethal injection;

firing squad; mecate[obs3]. house of correction &c. (prison) 752.

goaler, jailer; executioner; electrocutioner[obs3]; lyncher; hangman;

headsman[obs3]; Jack Ketch.

SECTION V. RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS

1. SUPERHUMAN BEINGS AND REGIONS

#976. Deity.—N. Deity, Divinity; Godhead, Godship[obs3];

Omnipotence, Providence; Heaven [metonymically]. [Quality of being

divine] divineness[obs3], divinity. God, Lord, Jehovah, Jahweh,

Allah[obs3]; The Almighty, The Supreme Being, The First Cause, the

Prime Mover; Ens Entium[Lat]; Author of all things, Creator of all

things; Author of our being; Cosmoplast[obs3]; El; The Infinite, The

Eternal; The All-powerful, The All-wise, The All- merciful, The

All-holy. [Attributes and perfections] infinite power, infinite wisdom,

infinite goodness, infinite justice, infinite truth, infinite mercy;

omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence; unity, immutability, holiness,

glory, majesty, sovereignty, infinity, eternity. The Trinity, The Holy

Trinity, The Trinity in Unity, The Triune God, God the Father Son and

Holy Ghost. God the Father; The Maker, The Creator, The Preserver.

[Functions] creation, preservation, divine government; Theocracy,

Thearchy[obs3]; providence; ways of Providence, dealings of Providence,

dispensations of Providence, visitations of Providence. [Christian God:

second person] God the Son, Jesus, Christ; The Messiah, The Anointed,

The Saviour, the Redeemer, The Mediator, The Intercessor, The Advocate,

The Judge; The Son of God, The Son of Man, The Son of David; The Lamb

of God, The Word; Logos; Emmanuel; Immanuel; The King of Kings and Lord

of Lords, The King of Glory, The Prince of Peace, The Good Shepherd,

The Way, The Truth, The Life, The Bread of Life, The Light of the

World; The Lord our, The Sun of Righteousness; "The Pilot of the

Galilean lake" [Milton]. The Incarnation, The Hypostatic Union.

[Functions] salvation, redemption, atonement, propitiation, mediation,

intercession, judgment. [Christian God: third person] God the Holy

Ghost, The Holy Spirit, Paraclete[Theol]; The Comforter, The Spirit of

Truth, The Dove. [Functions] inspiration, unction, regeneration,

sanctification, consolation. eon, aeon, special providence, deus ex

machina[Lat]; avatar. V. create, move, uphold, preserve, govern &c.

atone, redeem, save, propitiate, mediate &c. predestinate, elect, call,

ordain, bless, justify, sanctify, glorify &c. Adj. almighty, holy,

hallowed, sacred, divine, heavenly, celestial; sacrosanct; all-knowing,

all-seeing, all-wise; omniscient. superhuman, supernatural; ghostly,

spiritual, hyperphysical[obs3], unearthly; theistic, theocratic;

anointed; soterial[obs3]. Adj. jure divino[Lat], by divine right. Phr.

Domine dirige nos[Lat]; en Dieu est ma fiance[Fr]; et sceleratis sol

oritur [Lat][Seneca]; "He mounts the storm and walks upon the wind"

[Pope]; "Thou great First Cause, least understood" [Pope]; sans Dieu

rien[Fr].

#977. [Beneficent spirits] Angel.—N. angel, archangel; guardian

angel; heavenly host, host of heaven, sons of God; seraph, seraphim;

cherub, cherubim.

ministering spirit, morning star.

saint, patron saint, Madonna; invisible helpers.

Adj. angelic, seraphic, cherubic; saintly.

#978. [Maleficent spirits.] Satan.—N. Satan, the Devil, Lucifer,

Mephistopheles, Ahriman[obs3], Belial; Samael, Zamiel, Beelzebub, the

Prince of the Devils. the tempter[1]; the evil one, the evil spirit;

the Adversary; the archenemy; the author of evil, the wicked one, the

old Serpent; the Prince of darkness, the Prince of this world, the

Prince of the power of the air; the foul fiend, the arch fiend; the

devil incarnate; the common enemy, the angel of the bottomless pit;

Abaddon[obs3], Apollyon[obs3]. fallen angels, unclean spirits, devils;

the rulers, the powers of darkness; inhabitants of Pandemonium; demon

&c. 980. diabolism; devilism[obs3], devilship[obs3]; diabolology[obs3];

satanism, devil worship; manicheism; the cloven foot. Adj. satanic,

diabolic, devilish; infernal, hellborn[obs3]. [1-The slang expressions

"the deuce, dickens, old Gentleman; old Nick, old Scratch, old Horny,

old Harry, old Gooseberry," have not been inserted in the text.].

2. Mythological and other fabulous Deities and Powers

#979. Jupiter.—N. god, goddess; heathen gods and goddesses;

deva[obs3]; Jupiter, Jove &c.; pantheon. Allah[obs3], Bathala[obs3],

Brahm[obs3], Brahma[obs3], Brahma[obs3], cloud-compeller, Devi, Durga,

Kali, oread[obs3], the Great Spirit, Ushas; water nymph, wood nymph;

Yama, Varuna, Zeus; Vishnu[Hindu deities], Siva, Shiva, Krishna,

Juggernath[obs3], Buddha; Isis[Egyptian deities], Osiris, Ra; Belus,

Bel, Baal[obs3], Asteroth &c.[obs3]; Thor[Norse deities], Odin; Mumbo

Jumbo; good genius, tutelary genius; demiurge, familiar; sibyl; fairy,

fay; sylph,, sylphid; Ariel[obs3], peri, nymph, nereid, dryad, seamaid,

banshee, benshie[obs3], Ormuzd; Oberon, Mab, hamadryad[obs3], naiad,

mermaid, kelpie[obs3], Ondine, nixie, sprite; denizens of the air; pixy

&c. (bad spirit) 980. mythology; heathen-mythology, fairy-mythology;

Lempriere, folklore. Adj. god-like, fairy-like; sylph-like;

sylphic[obs3]. Phr. "you moonshine revelers and shades of night" [Merry

Wives].

#980. Demon.—N. demon, daemon, demonry[obs3], demonology; evil

genius, fiend, familiar, daeva[obs3], devil; bad spirit, unclean

spirit; cacodemon[obs3], incubus, Eblis, shaitan[obs3], succubus,

succuba; Frankenstein's monster; Titan, Shedim, Mephistopheles,

Asmodeus[obs3], Moloch, Belial, Ahriman[obs3]; fury, harpy; Friar Rush.

vampire, ghoul; afreet[obs3], barghest[obs3], Loki; ogre, ogress;

gnome, gin, jinn, imp, deev[obs3], lamia[obs3]; bogie, bogeyman,

bogle[obs3]; nis[obs3], kobold[obs3], flibbertigibbet, fairy, brownie,

pixy, elf, dwarf, urchin; Puck, Robin Goodfellow; leprechaun,

Cluricaune[obs3], troll, dwerger[obs3], sprite, ouphe[obs3], bad fairy,

nix, nixie, pigwidgeon[obs3], will-o'-the wisp. [Supernatural

appearance] ghost, revenant, specter, apparition, spirit, shade,

shadow, vision; hobglobin, goblin, orc; wraith, spook, boggart[obs3],

banshee, loup-garou[Fr], lemures[obs3]; evil eye. merman, mermaid,

merfolk[obs3]; siren; satyr, faun; manito[obs3], manitou, manitu.

possession, demonic possession, diabolic possession; insanity &c.503.

[in jest, in science] Maxwell's demon. [person possessed by a demon]

demoniac. Adj. demonic, demonical, impish, demoniacal; fiendish,

fiend-like; supernatural, weird, uncanny, unearthly, spectral; ghostly,

ghost-like; elfin, elvin[obs3], elfish, elflike[obs3]; haunted;

pokerish [obs3][U.S.]. possessed, possessed by a devil, possessed by a

demon. Adv. demonically.

#981. Heaven.—N. heaven; kingdom of heaven, kingdom of God; heavenly

kingdom; throne of God; presence of God; inheritance of the saints in

light. Paradise, Eden, Zion, abode of the blessed; celestial bliss,

glory. [Mythological heaven] Olympus; Elysium[paradise], Elysian

fields, Arcadia[obs3], bowers of bliss, garden of the Hesperides, third

heaven; Valhalla, Walhalla (Scandinavian); Nirvana (Buddhist); happy

hunting grounds; Alfardaws[obs3], Assama[obs3]; Falak al aflak "the

highest heaven" (Mohammedan)[Arabic][Arab]. future state, eternal home,

eternal reward. resurrection, translation; resuscitation &c. 660.

apotheosis, deification. Adj. heavenly, celestial, supernal, unearthly,

from on high, paradisiacal, beatific, elysian. Phr. "looks through

nature up to the nature's god" [Pope]; "the great world;s altarstairs,

that slope through darkness up to God" [Tennyson]; "the treasury of

everlasting joy" [Henry VI]; vigeur de dessus[Fr].

#982. Hell.—N. hell, bottomless pit, place of torment; habitation

of fallen angels; Pandemonium, Abaddon[obs3], Domdaniel;

jahannan[obs3],

sheol[obs3].

hell fire; everlasting fire, everlasting torment, eternal

damnation;

lake of fire and brimstone; fire that is never quenched; worm that

never

dies.

purgatory, limbo, gehenna, abyss.

[Mythological hell] Tartarus, Hades, Avernus[Lat], Styx, Stygian

creek, pit of Acheron[obs3], Cocytus; infernal regions, inferno, shades

below, realms of Pluto.

Pluto, Rhadamanthus[obs3], Erebus[Lat]; Tophet.

Adj. hellish, infernal, stygian.

Phr. dies irae dies illa[Lat]; "the hue of dungeons and the scowl

night" [Love's Labor's Lost].

2. RELIGIOUS DOCTRINES

#983. [Religious Knowledge.] Theology.—N. theology (natural and

revealed); theogony[obs3], theosophy; divinity; hagiology, hagiography;

Caucasian mystery; monotheism; religion; religious persuasion,

religious sect, religious denomination; creed &c. (belief) 484; article

of faith, declaration of faith, profession of faith, confession of

faith. theologue, theologian; scholastic, divine, schoolman[obs3],

canonist, theologist[obs3]; the Fathers. Adj. theological, religious;

denominational; sectarian &c. 984.

#983a. Orthodoxy.—N. orthodoxy; strictness, soundness, religious

truth, true faith; truth &c. 494; soundness of doctrine. Christianity,

Christianism[obs3]; Catholicism, Catholicity; "the faith once delivered

to the saints"; hyperorthodoxy &c. 984[obs3]; iconoclasm. The Church;

Catholic Church, Universal Church, Apostolic Church, Established

Church; temple of the Holy Ghost; Church of Christ, body of Christ,

members of Christ, disciples of Christ, followers of Christ; Christian,

Christian community; true believer; canonist &c. (theologian) 983;

Christendom, collective body of Christians. canons &c. (belief) 484;

thirty nine articles; Apostles' Creed, Nicene Creed, Athanasian

Creed[obs3]; Church Catechism; textuary[obs3]. Adj. orthodox, sound,

strick[obs3], faithful, catholic, schismless[obs3], Christian,

evangelical, scriptural, divine, monotheistic; true &c. 494. Phr. of

the true faith.

#984. Heterodoxy. [Sectarianism.]—N. heterodoxy; error &c. 495;

false doctrine, heresy, schism; schismaticism[obs3], schismaticalness;

recusancy, backsliding, apostasy; atheism &c. (irreligion) 989[obs3].

bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606; fanaticism, iconoclasm;

hyperorthodoxy[obs3], precisianism[obs3], bibliolatry[obs3],

sabbatarianism[obs3], puritanism; anthropomorphism; idolatry &c. 991;

superstition &c. (credulity) 486; dissent &c. 489. sectarism[obs3],

sectarianism; noncomformity[obs3]; secularism; syncretism[obs3],

religious sects. protestantism, Arianism[obs3], Adventism, Jansenism,

Stundism[obs3], Erastianism[obs3], Calvinism, quakerism[obs3],

methodism, anabaptism[obs3], Puseyism, tractarianism[obs3], ritualism,

Origenism, Sabellianism, Socinianism[obs3], Deism, Theism, materialism,

positivism, latitudinarianism &c. High Church, Low Church, Broad

Church, Free Church; ultramontanism[obs3]; papism, papistry;

monkery[obs3]; papacy; Anglicanism, Catholicism, Romanism; popery,

Scarlet Lady, Church of Rome, Greek Church. paganism, heathenism,

ethicism[obs3]; mythology; polytheism, ditheism[obs3], tritheism[obs3];

dualism; heathendom[obs3]. Judaism, Gentilism[obs3], Islamism, Islam,

Mohammedanism, Babism[obs3], Sufiism, Neoplatonism, Turcism[obs3],

Brahminism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sabianism, Gnosticism,

Hylotheism[obs3], Mormonism; Christian Science. heretic, apostate,

antichrist[obs3]; pagan, heathen; painim[obs3], paynim[obs3];

giaour[obs3]; gentile; pantheist, polytheist; idolator. schismatic;

sectary, sectarian, sectarist[obs3]; seceder, separatist, recusant,

dissenter; nonconformist, nonjuror[obs3]. bigot &c. (obstinacy) 606;

fanatic, abdal[obs3], iconoclast. latitudinarian, Deist, Theist,

Unitarian; positivist, materialist; Homoiousian[obs3],

Homoousian[obs3], limitarian[obs3], theosophist, ubiquitarian[obs3];

skeptic &c. 989. Protestant; Huguenot; orthodox dissenter,

Congregationalist, Independent; Episcopalian, Presbyterian; Lutheran,

Calvinist, Methodist, Wesleyan; Ana[obs3], Baptist; Mormon, Latter-day

Saint[obs3], Irvingite, Sandemanian, Glassite, Erastian; Sublapsarian,

Supralapsarian[obs3]; Gentoo, Antinomian[obs3], Swedenborgian[obs3];

Adventist[obs3], Bible Christian, Bryanite, Brownian, Christian

Scientist, Dunker, Ebionite, Eusebian; Faith Curer[obs3], Curist[obs3];

Familist[obs3], Jovinianist, Libadist[obs3], Quaker,

Restitutionist[obs3], Shaker, Stundist, Tunker &c.[obs3]; ultramontane;

Anglican[obs3], Oxford School; tractarian[obs3], Puseyite, ritualist;

Puritan. Catholic, Roman, Catholic, Romanist, papist. Jew, Hebrew,

Rabbinist, Rabbist[obs3], Sadducee; Babist[obs3], Motazilite;

Mohammedan, Mussulman, Moslem, Shiah, Sunni, Wahabi, Osmanli.

Brahmin[obs3], Brahman[obs3]; Parsee, Sufi, Buddhist; Magi,

Gymnosophist[obs3], fire worshiper, Sabian, Gnostic, Rosicrucian &c.

Adj. heterodox, heretical; unorthodox, unscriptural, uncanonical;

antiscriptural[obs3], apocryphal; unchristian, antichristian[obs3];

schismatic, recusant, iconoclastic; sectarian; dissenting, dissident;

secular &c, (lay) 997. pagan; heathen, heathenish; ethnic, ethnical;

gentile, paynim[obs3]; pantheistic, polytheistic. Judaical, Mohammedan,

Brahminical[obs3], Buddhist &c.n.; Romish, Protestant &c.n. bigoted &c.

(prejudiced) 481, (obstinate) 606; superstitious &c. (credulous) 486;

fanatical; idolatrous &c. 991; visionary &c. (imaginative) 515. Phr.

"slave to no sect" [Pope]; superstitione tollenda religio non tollitur

[Lat][Cicero].

#985. Judeo-Christian Revelation.—N. revelation, inspiration,

afflatus; theophany[obs3], theopneusty[obs3]. Word, Word of God;

Scripture; the Scriptures, the Bible; Holy Writ, Holy Scriptures;

inspired writings, Gospel. Old Testament, Septuagint, Vulgate,

Pentateuch; Octateuch; the Law, the Jewish Law, the Prophets; major

Prophets, minor Prophets; Hagiographa, Hagiology; Hierographa[obs3];

Apocrypha. New Testament; Gospels, Evangelists, Acts, Epistles,

Apocalypse, Revelations. Talmud; Mishna, Masorah. prophet &c. (seer)

513; evangelist, apostle, disciple, saint; the Fathers, the Apostolical

Fathers[obs3]; Holy Men of old, inspired penmen. Adj. scriptural,

biblical, sacred, prophetic; evangelical, evangelistic; apostolic,

apostolical[obs3]; inspired, theopneustic[obs3], theophneusted[obs3],

apocalyptic, ecclesiastical, canonical, textuary[obs3].

#986. Pseudo-Revelation.—N. the Koran, the Alcoran[obs3];

Lyking[obs3], Vedas, Zendavesta, Avesta[obs3], Sastra, Shastra,

Tantra[obs3], Upanishads, Purana, Edda; Book of Mormon.

[Non-Biblical prophets and religious founders] Gautama, Buddha;

Zoroaster, Confucius, Bab-ed-Din[obs3], Mohammed.

[Idols] golden calf &c. 991; Baal[obs3], Moloch, Dagon.

3. RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS

#987. Piety.—N. piety, religion, theism, faith; religiousness,

holiness &c. adj.; saintship[obs3]; religionism[obs3]; sanctimony &c.

(assumed piety) 988; reverence &c. (respect) 928; humility, veneration,

devotion; prostration &c. (worship) 990; grace, unction, edification;

sanctity, sanctitude[obs3]; consecration. spiritual existence, odor of

sanctity, beauty of holiness. theopathy[obs3], beatification, adoption,

regeneration, conversion, justification, sanctification, salvation,

inspiration, bread of life; Body and Blood of Christ. believer,

convert, theist, Christian, devotee, pietist[obs3]; the good, the

righteous, the just, the believing, the elect; Saint, Madonna, Notre

Dame[Fr], Our Lady. the children of God, the children of the Kingdom,

the children of the light. V. be pious &c. adj.; have faith &c. n.;

believe, receive Christ; revere &c. 928; be converted &c. convert,

edify, sanctify, keep holy, beatify, regenerate, inspire, consecrate,

enshrine. Adj. pious, religious, devout, devoted, reverent, godly,

heavenly- minded, humble, pure, holy, spiritual, pietistic; saintly,

saint-like; seraphic, sacred, solemn. believing, faithful, Christian,

Catholic. elected, adopted, justified, sanctified, regenerated,

inspired, consecrated, converted, unearthly, not of the earth. Phr. ne

vile fano[It]; "pure-eyed Faith . . . thou hovering angel girt with

golden wings" [Milton].

#988. Impiety.—N. impiety; sin &c. 945; irreverence; profaneness &c.

adj.; profanity, profanation; blasphemy, desecration, sacrilege;

scoffing &c.v. [feigned piety] hypocrisy &c. (falsehood) 544; pietism,

cant, pious fraud; lip devotion, lip service, lip reverence;

misdevotion[obs3], formalism, austerity; sanctimony, sanctimoniousness

&c. adj; pharisaism, precisianism[obs3]; sabbatism[obs3],

sabbatarianism[obs3]; odium theologicum[Lat], sacerdotalism[obs3];

bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606, (prejudice) 481; blue laws. hardening,

backsliding, declension, perversion, reprobation. sinner &c. 949;

scoffer, blasphemer; sacrilegist[obs3]; sabbath breaker; worldling;

hypocrite &c. (dissembler) 548; Tartufe[obs3], Mawworm[obs3]. bigot;

saint [ironically]; Pharisee; sabbatarian[obs3], formalist, methodist,

puritan, pietist[obs3], precisian[obs3], religionist, devotee; ranter,

fanatic, juramentado[obs3]. the wicked, the evil, the unjust, the

reprobate; sons of men, sons of Belial, the wicked one; children of

darkness. V. be impious &c. adj., profane, desecrate, blaspheme,

revile, scoff; swear &c. (malediction) 908; commit sacrilege. snuffle;

turn up the whites of the eyes; idolize. Adj. impious; irreligious &c.

989; desecrating &c.v.; profane, irreverent, sacrilegious, blasphemous.

un-hallowed, un-sanctified, un-regenerate; hardened, perverted,

reprobate. hypocritical &c. (false) 544; canting, pietistical[obs3],

sanctimonious, unctuous, pharisaical, overrighteous[obs3], righteous

over much. bigoted, fanatical; priest-ridden. Adv. under the mask of

religion, under the cloak of religion, under the pretense of religion,

under the form of religion, under the guise of religion. Phr. giovane

santo diavolo vecchio[It].

#989. Irreligion.—N. irreligion[obs3], indevotion[obs3];

godlessness, ungodliness &c. adj.; laxity, quietism.

skepticism, doubt; unbelief, disbelief; incredulity,

incredulousness

&c. adj[obs3].; want of faith, want of belief; pyrrhonism; bout &c.

485;

agnosticism.

atheism; deism; hylotheism[obs3]; materialism; positivism;

nihilism.

infidelity, freethinking, antichristianity[obs3], rationalism;

neology.

[person who is not religious] atheist, skeptic, unbeliever, deist,

infidel, pyrrhonist; giaour[obs3], heathen, alien, gentile, Nazarene;

espri

fort[Fr], freethinker, latitudinarian, rationalist; materialist,

positivist, nihilist, agnostic, somatist[obs3], theophobist[obs3].

V. be irreligious &c. adj.; disbelieve, lack faith; doubt,

question

&c. 485.

dechristianize[obs3].

Adj. irreligious; indevout[obs3]; undevout[obs3];

devoutless[obs3],

godless, graceless; ungodly, unholy, unsanctified[obs3], unhallowed;

atheistic, without God.

skeptical, freethinking; unbelieving, unconverted; incredulous,

faithless, lacking faith; deistical; unchristian, antichristian[obs3].

worldly, mundane, earthly, carnal; worldly &c. minded.

Adv. irreligiously &c. adj.

4. ACTS OF RELIGION

#990. Worship.—N. worship, adoration, devotion, aspiration, homage,

service, humiliation; kneeling, genuflection, prostration. prayer,

invocation, supplication, rogation, intercession, orison, holy

breathing; petition &c. (request) 765; collect, litany, Lord's prayer,

paternoster[Lat]; beadroll[obs3]; latria[obs3], dulia[obs3],

hyperdulia[obs3], vigils; revival; cult; anxious meeting, camp

meeting; ebenezer, virginal. thanksgiving; giving thanks, returning

thanks; grace, praise, glorification, benediction, doxology, hosanna;

hallelujah, allelujah[obs3]; Te Deum[Lat], non nobis Domine[Lat], nunc

dimittis[Lat]; paean; benschen[Ger]; Ave Maria, O Salutaris,

Sanctus[Lat], The Annunciation, Tersanctus, Trisagion. psalm, psalmody;

hymn, plain song, chant, chaunt, response, anthem, motet;

antiphon[obs3], antiphony. oblation, sacrifice, incense, libation;

burnt offering, heave offering, votive offering; offertory. discipline;

self-discipline, self-examination, self-denial; fasting. divine

service, office, duty; exercises; morning prayer; mass, matins,

evensong, vespers; undernsong[obs3], tierce[obs3]; holyday &c. (rites)

998. worshipper, congregation, communicant, celebrant. V. worship, lift

up the heart, aspire; revere &c. 928; adore, do service, pay homage;

humble oneself, kneel; bow the knee, bend the knee; fall down, fall on

one's knees; prostrate oneself, bow down and worship. pray, invoke,

supplicate; put up, offer up prayers, offer petitions; beseech &c.

(ask) 765; say one's prayers, tell one's beads. return thanks, give

thanks; say grace, bless, praise, laud, glorify, magnify, sing praises;

give benediction, lead the choir, intone; deacon, deacon off

propitiate[U.S.], offer sacrifice, fast, deny oneself; vow, offer vows,

give alms. work out one's salvation; go to church; attend service,

attend mass; communicate &c. (rite) 998. Adj. worshipping &c.v.;

devout, devotional, reverent, pure, solemn; fervid &c. (heartfelt) 821.

Int. hallelujah, allelujah[obs3]! hosanna! glory be to God! O Lord!

pray God that! God grant, God bless, God save, God forbid! sursum corda

[Lat]. Phr. "making their lives a prayer" [Whittier]; ora et

labora[Lat]; "prayers ardent open heaven" [Young].

#991. Idolatry.—N. idolatry, idolism[obs3]; demonism[obs3],

demonolatry[obs3]; idol-worship, demon-worship, devil-worship, fire-

worship; zoolatry, fetishism, fetichism; ecclesiolatry[obs3],

heliolatry,

Mariolatry, Bibliolatry[obs3].

deification, apotheosis, canonization; hero worship.

sacrifices, hecatomb, holocaust; human sacrifices, immolation,

mactation[obs3], infanticide, self-immolation, suttee.

idol, golden calf, graven image, fetich, avatar, Juggernath[obs3],

lares et penates[Lat]; Baal &c. 986[obs3].

V. worship idols, worship pictures, worship relics; deify,

canonize.

Adj. idolatrous.

Phr. adorer le veau d'or[Fr].

#992. Sorcery.—N. sorcery; occult art, occult sciences; magic, the

black art, necromancy, theurgy, thaumaturgy[obs3]; demonology,

demonomy[obs3], demonship[obs3]; diablerie[Fr], bedevilment;

witchcraft, witchery; glamor; fetishism, fetichism, feticism[obs3];

ghost dance, hoodoo; obi, obiism[obs3]; voodoo, voodooism; Shamanism

[Esquimaux], vampirism; conjuration; bewitchery, exorcism, enchantment,

mysticism, second sight, mesmerism, animal magnetism; od force, odylic

force[obs3]; electrobiology[obs3], clairvoyance; spiritualism, spirit

rapping, table turning. divination &c. (prediction) 511;

sortilege[obs3], ordeal, sortes Virgilianae[obs3]; hocus-pocus &c.

(deception) 545. V. practice sorcery &c.n.; cast a nativity, conjure,

exorcise, charm, enchant; bewitch, bedevil; hoodoo, voodoo; entrance,

mesmerize, magnetize; fascinate &c. (influence) 615; taboo; wave a

wand; rub the ring, rub the lamp; cast a spell; call up spirits, call

up spirits from the vasty deep; raise spirits from the dead. Adj.

magic, magical; mystic, weird, cabalistic, talismanic,

phylacteric[obs3], incantatory; charmed &c. v.; Circean, odylic[obs3],

voodoo.

#993. Spell.—N. spell, charm, incantation, exorcism, weird,

cabala[obs3], exsufflation|, cantrap[obs3], runes, abracadabra, open

sesame, countercharm[obs3], Ephesian letters, bell book and candle,

Mumbo Jumbo, evil eye, fee-faw-fum. talisman, amulet, periapt[obs3],

telesm[obs3], phylactery, philter; fetich, fetish; agnus Dei[Latin:

lamb of God]; furcula[obs3], madstone[obs3]; mascot, mascotte[obs3];

merrythought[obs3]; Om, Aum[obs3]; scarab, scarabaeus[obs3];

sudarium[obs3], triskelion, veronica, wishbone; swastika, fylfot[obs3],

gammadion[obs3]. wand, caduceus, rod, divining rod, lamp of

Aladdin[obs3]; wishing-cap, Fortunatus's cap.

#994. Sorcerer.—N. sorcerer, magician; thaumaturgist[obs3],

theurgist; conjuror, necromancer, seer, wizard, witch; hoodoo, voodoo;

fairy &c. 980; lamia[obs3], hag. warlock, charmer, exorcist,

mage[obs3]; cunning man, medicine man; Shaman, figure flinger,

ecstatica[obs3]; medium, clairvoyant, fortune teller; mesmerist; deus

ex machina[Lat]; soothsayer &c. 513. Katerfelto, Cagliostro, Mesmer,

Rosicrucian; Circe, siren, weird sisters.

5. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS

#995. Churchdom.—N. church, churchdom; ministry, apostleship[obs3],

priesthood, prelacy, hierarch[obs3], church government, christendom,

pale of the church. clericalism, sacerdotalism[obs3], episcopalianism,

ultramontanism[obs3]; theocracy; ecclesiology[obs3],

ecclesiologist[obs3]; priestcraft[obs3], odium theologicum[Lat].

monachism[obs3], monachy[obs3]; monasticism, monkhood[obs3].

[Ecclesiastical offices and dignities] pontificate, primacy,

archbishopric[obs3], archiepiscopacy[obs3]; prelacy; bishopric,

bishopdom[obs3]; episcopate, episcopacy; see, diocese; deanery, stall;

canonry, canonicate[obs3]; prebend, prebendaryship[obs3]; benefice,

incumbency, glebe, advowson[obs3], living, cure; rectorship[obs3];

vicariate, vicarship; deaconry[obs3], deaconship[obs3]; curacy;

chaplain, chaplaincy, chaplainship; cardinalate, cardinalship[obs3];

abbacy, presbytery. holy orders, ordination, institution, consecration,

induction, reading in, preferment, translation, presentation.

popedom[obs3]; the Vatican, the apostolic see; religious sects &c. 984.

council &c. 696; conclave, convocation, synod, consistory, chapter,

vestry; sanhedrim, conge d'elire[Fr]; ecclesiastical courts,

consistorial court, court of Arches. V. call, ordain, induct, prefer,

translate, consecrate, present. take orders, take the tonsure, take the

veil, take vows. Adj. ecclesiastical, ecclesiological[obs3]; clerical,

sacerdotal, priestly, prelatical, pastoral, ministerial,

capitular[obs3], theocratic; hierarchical, archiepiscopal; episcopal,

episcopalian; canonical; monastic, monachal[obs3]; monkish;

abbatial[obs3], abbatical[obs3]; Anglican[obs3]; pontifical, papal,

apostolic, Roman, Popish; ultramontane, priest-ridden.

#996. Clergy.—N. clergy, clericals, ministry, priesthood,

presbytery, the cloth, the desk. clergyman, divine, ecclesiastic,

churchman, priest, presbyter, hierophant[obs3], pastor, shepherd,

minister; father, father in Christ; padre, abbe, cure; patriarch;

reverend; black coat; confessor. dignitaries of the church;

ecclesiarch[obs3], hierarch[obs3]; ebdomarius[Lat]; eminence,

reverence, elder, primate, metropolitan, archbishop, bishop, prelate,

diocesan, suffragan[obs3], dean, subdean[obs3], archdeacon, prebendary,

canon, rural dean, rector, parson, vicar, perpetual curate,

residentiary[obs3], beneficiary, incumbent, chaplain, curate; deacon,

deaconess; preacher, reader, lecturer; capitular[obs3]; missionary,

propagandist, Jesuit, revivalist, field preacher. churchwarden,

sidesman[obs3]; clerk, precentor[obs3], choir; almoner, suisse[Fr],

verger, beadle, sexton, sacristan; acolyth[obs3], acolothyst[obs3],

acolyte, altar boy; chorister. [Roman Catholic priesthood] Pope, Papa,

pontiff, high priest, cardinal; ancient flamen[obs3], flamen[obs3];

confessor, penitentiary; spiritual director. cenobite, conventual,

abbot, prior, monk, friar, lay brother, beadsman[obs3], mendicant,

pilgrim, palmer; canon regular, canon secular; Franciscan, Friars

minor, Minorites; Observant, Capuchin, Dominican, Carmelite;

Augustinian[obs3]; Gilbertine; Austin Friars[obs3], Black Friars, White

Friars, Gray Friars, Crossed Friars, Crutched Friars; Bonhomme[Fr],

Carthusian, Benedictine[obs3], Cistercian, Trappist, Cluniac,

Premonstatensian, Maturine; Templar, Hospitaler; Bernardine[obs3],

Lorettine, pillarist[obs3], stylite[obs3]. abbess, prioress,

canoness[obs3]; religieuse[Fr], nun, novice, postulant. [Under the

Jewish dispensation] prophet, priest, high priest, Levite; Rabbi,

Rabbin, Rebbe; scribe. [Mohammedan &c.] mullah, muezzin, ayatollah;

ulema, imaum[obs3], imam, sheik; sufi; kahin[obs3], kassis[obs3];

mufti, hadji, dervish; fakir, faquir[obs3]; brahmin[obs3], guru,

kaziaskier[obs3], poonghie[obs3], sanyasi[obs3]; druid, bonze[obs3],

santon[obs3], abdal[obs3], Lama, talapoin[obs3], caloyer[obs3]. V. take

orders &c. 995. Adj. the Reverend, the very Reverend, the Right

Reverend; ordained, in orders, called to the ministry.

#997. Laity.—N. laity, flock, fold, congregation, assembly,

brethren, people; society [U.S.].

temporality, secularization.

layman, civilian; parishioner, catechumen; secularist.

V. secularize.

Adj. secular, lay, laical, civil, temporal, profane.

#998. Rite.—N. rite; ceremony, ritual, liturgy, ceremonial;

ordinance, observance, function, duty; form, formulary; solemnity,

sacrament; incantation &c. (spell) 993; service, psalmody &c. (worship)

990. ministration; preaching, preachment; predication, sermon, homily,

lecture, discourse, pastoral. [Christian ritual for induction into the

faith] baptism, christening, chrism; circumcision; baptismal

regeneration; font. confirmation; imposition of hands, laying on of

hands; ordination &c. (churchdom) 995; excommunication. [Jewish

rituals] Bar Mitzvah, Bas Mitzvah[Fr], Bris. Eucharist, Lord's supper,

communion; the sacrament, the holy sacrament; celebration, high

celebration; missa cantata[Lat]; asperges[obs3]; offertory; introit;

consecration; consubstantiation, transubstantiation; real presence;

elements; mass; high mass, low mass, dry mass. matrimony &c. 903;

burial &c. 363; visitation of the sick. seven sacraments,

impanation[obs3], subpanation[obs3], extreme unction, viaticum,

invocation of saints, canonization, transfiguration, auricular

confession; maceration, flagellation, sackcloth and ashes; penance &c.

(atonement) 952; telling of beads, processional; thurification[obs3],

incense, holy water, aspersion. relics, rosary, beads, reliquary, host,

cross, rood, crucifix, pax[Lat], pyx, agnus Dei[Lat], censer, thurible,

patera[obs3]; eileton[obs3], Holy Grail; prayer machine, prayer wheel;

Sangraal[obs3], urceus[obs3]. ritualism, ceremonialism;

sabbatism[obs3], sabbatarianism[obs3]; ritualist, sabbatarian[obs3].

holyday, feast, fast. [Christian holy days] Sabbath, Pentecost; Advent,

Christmas, Epiphany; Lent; Passion week, Holy week; Easter, Easter

Sunday, Whitsuntide; agape, Ascension Day, Candlemas[obs3], Ash

Wednesday, Good Friday, Holy Thursday; Lammas, Martinmas, Michaelmas;

All SAint's DAy, All Souls' Day [Moslem holy days] Ramadan, Ramazan;

Bairam &c.[obs3], &c. [Jewish holy days] Passover; Shabuoth; Yom

Kippur, Day of Atonement; Rosh Hashana, New Year; Hanukkah, Chanukkah,

Feast of Lights; Purim, Feast of lots. V. perform service[ritual

actions of clergy], do duty, minister, officiate, baptize, dip,

sprinkle; anoint, confirm, lay hands on; give the sacrament, administer

the sacrament; administer extreme unction; hear confession, administer

holy penance, shrive; excommunicate, ban with bell book and candle.

[ritual actions of believers] attend services, attend mass, go to mass,

hear mass; take the sacrament, receive the sacrament, receive

communion, attend the sacrament, partake of the sacrament, partake of

communion; communicate; receive extreme unction; confess, go to

confession, receive penance; anele[obs3]. [teaching functions of

clergy] preach, sermonize, predicate, lecture. Adj. ritual,

ritualistic; ceremonial; baptismal, eucharistical; paschal. Phr. "what

art thou, thou idol ceremony?" [Henry V].

#999. Canonicals.—N. canonicals, vestments; robe, gown, Geneva gown

frock, pallium, surplice, cassock, dalmatic[obs3], scapulary[obs3],

cope, mozetta[obs3], scarf, tunicle[obs3], chasuble, alb[obs3],

alba[obs3], stole; fanon[obs3], fannel[obs3]; tonsure, cowl, hood;

calote[obs3], calotte[obs3]; bands; capouch[obs3], amice[obs3];

vagas[obs3], vakas[obs3], vakass[obs3]; apron, lawn sleeves,

pontificals[obs3], pall; miter, tiara, triple crown; shovel hat,

cardinal's hat; biretta; crosier; pastoral staff, thurifer[obs3];

costume &c. 225.

#1000. Temple.—N. place of worship; house of God, house of prayer.

temple, cathedral, minster[obs3], church, kirk, chapel,

meetinghouse, bethel[obs3], tabernacle, conventicle, basilica,

fane[obs3], holy place, chantry[obs3], oratory. synagogue; mosque;

marabout[obs3]; pantheon; pagoda; joss house[obs3]; dogobah[obs3],

tope; kiosk; kiack[obs3], masjid[obs3]. [clergymen's residence]

parsonage, rectory, vicarage, manse, deanery, glebe; Vatican;

bishop's palace; Lambeth. altar, shrine, sanctuary, Holy of

Holies, sanctum sanctorum[Lat], sacristy; sacrarium[obs3];

communion table, holy table, Lord's table; table of the Lord; pyx;

baptistery, font; piscina[obs3], stoup; aumbry[obs3];

sedile[obs3]; reredos; rood loft, rood screen. [parts of a church:

list] chancel, quire, choir, nave, aisle, transept, vestry, crypt,

golgotha, calvary, Easter sepulcher; stall, pew; pulpit,

ambo[obs3], lectern, reading desk, confessional, prothesis[obs3],

credence, baldachin, baldacchino[obs3]; apse, belfry; chapter

house; presbytery; anxious-bench, anxious-seat; diaconicum[Lat],

jube[obs3]; mourner's bench, mourner's seat. [exterior adjacent to

a church] cloisters, churchyard. monastery, priory, abbey, friary,

convent, nunnery, cloister. Adj. claustral, cloistered; monastic,

monasterial; conventual. Phr. ne vile fano[It]; "there's nothing

ill can dwell in such a temple" [Tempest].

#926. Duty.—N. duty, what ought to be done, moral obligation,