As the verb â-kar takes karman for its object (punyam karmâ karati, &c.),
and as the separate denotation (i.e. the use of apparently equivalent
words, viz. âkar and karman) can be accounted for on the ground that one
of them refers to works established by manifest texts, and the other to
texts inferred from actually existing rules of good conduct; and as,
when the primary meaning is possible, no secondary meaning must be
adopted; nothing else but good and evil works (in the Vedic sense) are
denoted by the word karana: such is the opinion of the teacher Bâdari.
This opinion of Bâdari, the author of the Sûtra states as representing
his own. On the other hand, he adopts the view of Kârshnajini in so far
as he considers such items of virtuous _conduct_ as the Sandhyâ--which
are enjoined by scriptural texts, the existence of which is inferred on
the basis of conduct as enjoined by Smriti--to have the result of
qualifying the agent for the performance of other works.--The conclusion
therefore is that the souls descend, carrying a remnant of their works.--
Here terminates the adhikarana of 'the passing of works.'
12. Of those also who do not perform sacrifices (the ascent) is declared
by Scripture.
It has been said that those who perform only sacrifices, and so on, go
to the moon and thence return with a remainder of their works. The
question now arises whether those also who do not perform sacrifices go
to the moon. The phrase 'who do not perform sacrifices' denotes evil-
doers of two kinds, viz. those who do not do what is enjoined, and those
who do what is forbidden.--These also go to the moon, the Pûrvapakshin
maintains; for the text contains a statement to that effect, 'All who
depart from this world go to the moon' (Ka. Up. I, 2)--where it is said
that all go, without any distinction. So that those who perform good
works and those who perform evil works, equally go to the moon.--This
the next Sûtra negatives.
13. But of the others having enjoyed in Samyamana, there is ascent and
descent; as such a course is declared.
Of the others, i.e. those who do not perform sacrifices, and so on,
there is ascent to the moon and descent from there, only after they have
in the kingdom of Yama suffered the punishments due to their actions.
For the text declares that evil-doers fall under the power of Yama, and
have to go to him, 'He who thinks, this is the world there is no other,
falls again and again under my sway' (Ka. Up. I, 2, 6); 'the son of
Vivasvat, the gathering place of men' (Rik Samh. X, 14, 1); 'King Yama,'
and other texts.