how preserved, 235
sundry, for fire-works, tabular view of, 317
effects of particular, 367
for variations, for sun pieces, 396
to preserve the fuses of shells, &c. 485
for dipping curtains, bavins, &c. 511
for priming for fire-ships, _ibid_
for setting fire to fascines, _ibid_
for hoops, fire arrows, &c. _ibid_
for kitt, 512
Condensing syringe, 276
Courantines, or line rockets, 345
Constantius, alarmed at some feats by fire, 31
Constantinople, illumination of, 24
by order of Constantine, 428
Copal, 164
Cornelius, the Rev. Mr. his description of a nitre cave, 58
Corrosive sublimate, 186
use of, in fire-works, _ibid_
Cotton, 219
Counter-mines, 551
Crackers of fulminating silver, 173
how made for fire-works, 300
report of, how caused, _ibid_
Waterloo, 273
Crawfish, process for regenerating, 34
Cramer's experiments on the formation of nitre, 70
Cross-fire, what, 406
Crowns and globes, compositions for, 390
Cruikshank, his process for making fulminating silver, 174
Curtains, for fire-ships, 510
Cyanogen, 89
Cylinders, or rollers, 230
Cyphers in fire, how made, 324
D.
Dana, his remarks respecting vapour in combustion, 434
Dart, the inflammable, 574
Dead fire, for wheels, 389
light fuse, 485
Deceptions by fire, various, 30
Decorations for fire-works, 298, 425
Deflagration of nitre with crude antimony, 50
Delian problem, (_note_), 28
Deliquescent salts in nitre, 38
Desaguliers, his remarks concerning rockets. See Rockets.
Destruction, artifice of, 267
Detonation with nitre and phosphorus, 49
Detonations, sundry with chlorate of potassa, 75
sundry experiments to produce, 273
Detonating mixtures with phosphorus, 85
girdle, 274
powder from indigo, 177
tape, 274
oil, 179
works, 273
balls, 274
cards, 275
Devices, variously formed, 324
Diamond, pure carbon, 87
Dodecaedron, representation of, 403
Don Pedro, 99
D'Orval, his account of aquatic fire-works, 272
Dragons, in fire-works, exhibitions of, 266
Driver for charging large rockets, 233
Drying of powder, 112
Duponts, the Messrs. the character of their powder, 73
Dusting of gunpowder, 112
Dung of camels, used as fuel, 218
E.
_Eau de cuite_, 64
_Eau forte_, _ib._
_Eau faible_, _ib._
Europeans, ancient, their poisoned arrows, 568
Elastic bitumen, 155
aeriform fluids, 6
Electron, 156
Electricity, effects of, on inflammable bodies, 276
Ellibichus, (_note_.), 428
Empedocles knew the effect of burning glasses, 562
Endless screw, 418
Eprouvette, 138
of Hutton, _ibid_
improved, _ibid_
of Darcy, 76
of Regnier, 77
of Ramsden, 139
Dr. Hutton's opinion of the, 138
Eruption, volcanic, 263
substances which produce, _ibid_
Essence of spruce, 147
Ether, phosphorized, 85
Essential oils, 163
_Etoupille_ of the French, 295
how prepared, 297
Ewel, his patent for making gunpowder, 118
Examination, chemical, of nitre, 72
Exhibition of fire-works, 453
Experiments, sundry, with detonating substances, 273
Extemporaneous fire, 578
various kinds of, _ibid_
by chemical action, _ibid_
Hanzelet's composition for, 579
remarks on, _ibid_
F.
Fascines, 501
how made, _ibid_
to what use applied, _ibid_
various kinds of, 501
Feast of the lanterns in China, 25
Feast of the lamps, 427
Feast of the dedication of the Temple, _ibid_
_Festum encæniorum_ of the Jews, 24
Fevers, malignant, supposed causes of, 60
Fight, with small ships, how represented, 451
Fire, feats performed with, 26
works of, general basis of, 19
works, to show in sparks, &c. 20
for rooms, of what made, 21
substances used in, 48
rain, incendiary, 560
composition of, 560, 561
observations on, _ibid_
gave rise to the fire-stone, 562
Greek, 544
of what composed, 545
flasks, 575
stone, what, 205
produced by percussion, 273
works in general, 255
invention of Europe, _ibid_
at Pekin, _ibid_
known in China from time immemorial, _ibid_
Chinese not surpassed by any nation, _ibid_
Barrow's account of the, _ibid_
arrangement of, 256
a system of, what, _ibid_
of inflammable air, 383
Frazier's opinion respecting, 257
ordeal by, 37
works at Versailles and Paris, 257
of the ancients, 261
theatrical, 262
rain for theatres, 264
composition of, 264, 309, 310, 311
in Chinese fire, 265
spur, 267
composition of, 268
works, portable, 271
scented, 283
tables, 271
pots, 365
for ramparts, 575
charge for, 366
brand, 574
pumps, 322
composition for, _ibid_
cases for, how made, _ibid_
how charged, _ibid_
jets, 367
extemporaneous, how made, 578
spouts, 367
compositions for, _ibid_
blue, for parasols and cascades, 369
radiant, _ibid_
green, _ibid_
Aurora, _ibid_
Italian rose, _ibid_
everlasting, what, 154
jets, different appearances of, 370
how used, _ibid_
Chinese, 371
red, 372
cast iron, used in the, 371
iron sand in the, _ibid_
applications of the, 375
has little force, _ibid_
on wheels, its effect, _ibid_
for calibers under 10/12ths of an inch, 376
for other calibers, _ibid_
for Palm trees and cascades, _ibid_
white, _ibid_
for gerbes, _ibid_
works for exhibition, the arrangement of, 387
how arranged, 453
incendiary, 490
general account of the, _ibid_
number of the, _ibid_
slow, for wheels, 389
dead, for wheels, _ibid_
wands, 400
cascades of, 404
galleries of, 406
globes, 420
crayons, 286
globe, aquatic, 445
representation of figures in, 423
ship, in miniature, 451
for service, 507
preparation of a, _ibid_
uses of a, _ibid_
stores required for a, 510
fire-barrels for a, _ibid_
composition for, _ibid_
stone, 491
its use, _ibid_
of what composed, _ibid_
cautions to be used in making, _ibid_
on what its goodness depends, _ibid_
how made more inflammable, _ibid_
composition of, 492
origin of, 491
composition, used for carcasses; see carcasses.
balls, 492
Fire balls, composition of, 494
table on the dimensions of, _ibid_
how they differ from carcasses, 492
composition for covering of, 496
how discharged, 497
a new mode for making, _ibid_
to be thrown by hand, kind for, _ibid_
composition for hand, 498
works, with hydrogen gas, 383
Dillon's exhibition of inflammable air, _ibid_
Cartwright's do. do., _ibid_
flame of hydrogen gas in, how charged, _ibid_
of inflammable air, how executed, _ibid_
their character, _ibid_
imitative, 440
how made, _ibid_
Red, for theatres, 270
Fixed air, 87
suns, 397, 398
cases, 19
Flame, the rapidity of the communication of, 431
of felt, colours of, 435
Reaumur and Schatt's remarks on, _ibid_
of felt, experiment to produce the, _ibid_
coloured, theory of, 436
very remarkable effects of, on living persons, _ibid_
how prepared to produce singular appearances, _ibid_
Flame, changed of different colours, 2, 432
deception by breathing, 30
the, in fire-works, how shown, 264
how extinguished, and made to reappear at the same time, 275
Flambeaux, odoriferous, 288
its use in war, 501
how made, 502
composition for, _ibid_
Flower pot, artificial, of fire, 10
Flowers of sulphur, 82
Flower pots, pyramid of, 402
Flux, black, 50
white, _ib._
Flyers, Chinese, 303
Fetid carbonate of lime, 155
fire, remarks on, 290
Forsyth, the Rev. Mr. his composition for gunpowder, 23, 75
his invention of a gun-lock, 22
_Foudres_, what, 265
Fougasses, 554
Fougette, 529
improvement on the, 530
Fountains, Chinese, 405
Frankincense, 148
used in odoriferous fire, _ibid_
Frazier, his opinion on fire-works, 257
Fruiloni wheel, 394
Fuel, economical, 577
Fulminating powder, 50
of Higgins, _ib._
mercury, 171
of Bayen, 173
silver, 173, 274
balls, _ibid_, _ibid_
bombs, 173, 275
silver, of Berthollet, 174
of Chenevix, _ibid_
of Silliman, 175
gold, _ibid_
platinum, 176
powder, from indigo, 177
compound, called iodide of azote, _ibid_
oil, 179
silver, entertaining experiments with, 273
Fusion, powder of, 50
Fuses, 481
for shells, howitzes, and grenades, _ibid_
how made, _ibid_
how charged, 482
sundry compositions for, 484
with dead light, 485
composition for the, 486
dimensions of, 487
G.
Gallipot, 147
Galbanum, 221
Galleries of fire, 406
Galvanism, detonations produced by, 276
Games at Rome, illuminated at night, 24
_Garniture_, in fire-works, what, 298
Gases produced in fire-works, 6
character of the, _ib._
Gas lights, 89
Gases, what, produced by gunpowder, 121
number of, evolved from gunpowder, 122
carbonic acid, &c. quantity from gunpowder, 123
General theory of Pyrotechny, 1
Gerbes, 19
account of, 348
composition for, 349
Gibbs, colonel, his experiments on gunpowder with lime, 556
Girandoles, 407
modification of, _ibid_
chests of, for rockets, 338
Girdle, detonating, 274
Glazing of powder, what, 111
plumbago used for the, _ibid_
Glass, 210
different kinds of, _ibid_
acted upon by fluoric acid, 214
annealing of, _ibid_
uses of, in fire-works, 210
Globes, with their decorations, 419
leaping, 420
composition for, 421
bursting, 420
Globe of compression, 553
Glue, 214
its use in pyrotechny, _ibid_
Gold rain, 310
fulminating, 175
Gracchus, Marcus, 98
Græcus, Marcus, _ib._
said to have invented gunpowder, _ib._
Grape shot, how made, 470
Granulation of powder, 111
Grecian illumination, 24
Green match, 324
fire of the Palm tree, 77
Gregory, his summary of Robins's experiments, 125
Greek-fire, 544
invented by Callinicus, _ibid_
used by Callinicus with success, _ibid_
how defined, _ibid_
used at different periods, 545
how made use of, _ibid_
thrown by spouting engines, _ibid_
Beckman's remarks on the, _ibid_
peculiar properties of the, 546
modern imitations of the, _ibid_
La Brocquiere on the, _ibid_
Ruggeri's remarks on the, 547
said to have given rise to gunpowder, 98
recipes for the making of, known to Bacon, _ib._
a manuscript containing the, and gunpowder, _ib._
various kinds of, 546
the original, not known, _ibid_
the author of _Œuvre Militaire_ on, _ibid_
recommends a substitute for the, _ibid_
superseded by gunpowder, 547
Grenades, fuses for, 481
how charged, 484
Gums, used in fire-works, 21
contain carbon, 89
Gum arabic, 219
Tragacanth, _ibid_
Gun, repeating, 460
Guns discharged by percussion, 75
Guns, see cannon.
Gunpowder, history of, 97
invented in India, 97, 458
invention, how brought to Europe, 97
the Arabians obtained a knowledge of, from the Indians, _ib._
the use of, forbidden in the sacred books of the Indians, _ib._
employed in 690 at the battle of Mecca, _ib._
the Greek fire said to have given rise to, 98
recipe for, in an old manuscript, _ib._
quality of, 97
the formulæ for of Marcus Græcus, 98
said to have been invented by a German monk, 99
invention of, ascribed to Anelzin, _ib._
to Schwartz, _ib._
no mention made of, in the French registers, _ib._
damaged, nitre extracted from, 72
how examined by reagents, 73
analysis of, in what it consists, 73, 140
made with chlorate of potassa, 76
with chlorate of potassa, effects of, _ib._
what required to make good, 100
varies in its constituent parts, _ibid_
French formula, for the best, _ibid_
English, proportions used for, _ibid_
government, (British), what, _ibid_
experiments with, at Grenille, _ibid_
proportions for, by different nations, _ibid_
for war, French formula, 102
for hunting, do. do., _ibid_
for mining, do. do., _ibid_
manufacture of, 102
in France, summary of the, 110
improvement in the drying of, 103
glazing of, 104
for making, according to Champy, 109
mills, 104
accidents to, _ibid_
at Frankford, an experiment at, 105
machinery of, _ibid_
charcoal for, according to Proust, 110
Carney's process for making, _ibid_
its power, on what it depends, 120
gases produced by the combustion of, 121
quantity of, 122
Thenard's remarks on the gases from, 121
Proust's opinion of the products of fired, _ibid_
remarks on the combustion of, _ibid_
Granulation of, said to be injurious, 124
fired in a vacuum, the products of, 125
carbonic acid gas from, 121
Robins's experiments with, 125
Dr. Hutton's remarks on, 127
charges of, 129
the velocity of balls caused by, _ibid_
table of the charges, &c. of, 130
Hutton's experiments at Woolwich, with, _ibid_
azotic gas from, 121
proof of, 136
various, _ibid_
comparative, _ibid_
by the eprouvette, 138
strength of, how increased, 140
preservation of, _ibid_
examination of, _ibid_
chemical, _ibid_
marks, what, 136
quantity required to raise a cubic fathom of earth, 552
torpedo; see Torpedo.
several modes proposed to increase the force of, 554
experiments of M. L. Maitre, &c. with, 555
basis of fire-works. See Theory of Fire-Works.
extinguishing flame with fired, 572
charging of, with a ball, a new mode, 39
how used with ball, without injuring, _ib._
Tricks with, by jugglers, 40
action and reaction of, against a ball, _ib._
how put in the repeating-gun. See Cannon.
how it acts in extinguishing flame, 572
recommended to scatter water on buildings on fire, 573
inflammation of, by the radiation of heat, 566
cautions in loading guns with, 125
its force increased by confined air, _ibid_
how employed for the splitting of trees, &c. _ibid_
damaged, how the nitre is recovered from, 72
purification of sulphur, for making, 81
mills, spontaneous combustion in, 106
how prevented, 107
Bartholdi's opinion of the, 106
David's plan to prevent the, _ibid_
Gunbarrels, how browned, 204
utility of browning, _ibid_
H.
Hanzelet, his extemporaneous fire, 579
Half-moulds, 238
dimensions of, _ibid_
Hare, professor, his remarks concerning flame, 433
Heat, latent, 136
idea of, how formed, _ibid_
in nitric acid, _ibid_
Herodotus, his account of the Egyptian illuminations, 24
of the Egyptian festivals, 427
Higgins, his fulminating powder, 50
improvement on the old, _ib._
Hirpi, the, jumped through fire, &c. 37
Hippocrates Chias, the discoverer of the Delian problem, (_note_.) 29
Holy Fire, office of the, 41
ceremonies of the, _ib._
Honorary rockets, 342
Horse, a, burnt, through a superstitious notion, (_note_.) 28
Humboldt, his observation on gunpowder for mining, 556
Howard's fulminating mercury, 172
of what composed, _ibid_
how prepared, _ibid_
effects of, 173
Howitzes, fuses for, 481
how charged, 484
Hughes' nitre cave, 54
Hydrogen gas, for fire-works, 20, 383
Cartwright's fire-works with, 20
Dillon's fire-works with, 383
detonation of, in a pistol, 384
Hyperboreans, how they caught the electric fluid, 31
Hyperoxymuriate of potassa, 7, 74
sundry properties of, 75
used for gunpowder, 76
the same as chlorate of potassa, 74
contains a large quantity of oxygen, 75
how prepared, 74
basis of the pocket lights, 75
I.
Illumination port-fires, cases for, 246
lances of, 314
composition for the, _ibid_
of various colours, _ibid_
Illuminations, 23, 425
for what designed, 23
antiquity of, _ib._
Egyptian, 24
Parisian, _ib._
by the Ancients, on great occasions, _ib._
port-fire, composition for, 314
chemical, 439, 523
Illuminating barrel, 503
Illuminated table star, 273
Illuminated spiral wheel, 393
yew tree, 402
figures, sundry, 413
fountain, 439
how produced, _ibid_
Imitative fire-works, 440
Incendiary machines, in war, 462
fire-works, 490
matches, 492
kegs, 523
rocket, 530
rope, 558
composition for, _ibid_
arrows, 566
Incombustible, wheels, &c. how made, 240
Indigo, a fulminating powder from, 177
Indian white fire, 580
composition of the, _ibid_
matches for the, _ibid_
Ingenhouz, Dr. his remarks concerning gunpowder, 120
Inflammable powder of M. Gengembrie and Bottée, 50
Infernal machine, 512
Inflammable ball, 577
air, 20
works, 383
pistol, 384
lamp, _ibid_
dart, 574
Iodide of azote, a fulminating substance, 177
Iron cylinders and cases, why preferred for charring wood, 91
use of, in fire-works, 201
cast, or crude, an ingredient of Chinese fire, _ibid_
pig, or crude iron, 206
properties of, 201
the effect of, in brilliant and Chinese fire, _ibid_
sand of the Chinese, powdered cast iron, _ibid_
chambers of, for fire-ships, 509
their use, _ibid_
some preparations of, 201
theory of the effect of, in fire-works, 202
filings, how preserved, 239
in brilliant fire, 4
Irrorateur, 288
Isinglass, used in composition, 19
its properties, 214
Italian roses, 313
composition for, _ibid_
J.
Japanese cement, 252
Jerome, his remarks on the lights of Antioch, (_note_.) 428
Jessamine fire, composition of, 271
Jet, 156
fire, 367
Jews, festival of, had illuminations at the, 24
Joblonski, his account of the horse condemned at Lisbon, (_note_.) 28
Julius Camillus, his homunculi, 34
K.
Karabé, 156
Kircher, his mirror, 562
Kurtz, his patent for preparing charcoal, 93
L.
Laboratory, in Pyrotechny, 228
Laboratory tools, _ibid_
Lampblack, in spur fire, 10
action of, in spur fire, _ib._
accension of, by nitric acid, 51
how made, 89, 144
origin of the name of, 144
houses, _ibid_
properties of, 145
purity of, how discovered, _ibid_
artificial tannin from, _ibid_
quality of, how improved, _ibid_
durable ink, prepared with, _ibid_
used in printers' ink, _ibid_
a constituent part of Close's ink, _ibid_
Lampadaria, what, 428
Lamptericæ, _ibid_
Lamp, inflammable air, 430
Lamps, kinds of, 429
various patent, (_note_.) 430
custom of the Turks with, 24
Pococke's account of, in a synagogue, _ib._
Persian ceremony with, 25
Lances of illumination, 314
sundry compositions for, _ibid_
_Lance à feu_, composition of, _ibid_
stink fire, _ibid_
slow white flame, 315
composition of, _ibid_
for petards, 318
how made, _ibid_
of service, _ibid_
composition for the, _ibid_
Lanterns, feast of the, in China, 25
Lapis Calaminaris, 195
Lardons, same nature as serpents, 298
Lead, recommended for the preservation of powder, 140
experiments with, for this purpose, _ibid_
cartridges formed of sheet, _ibid_
black, 209
used for the glazing of powder, 111
Leaders, 294, 295
threading and joining of, 294
for small cases, how used, _ibid_
Lee, Sergeant, his account of Bushnel's turtle, 518
his adventure with a submarine vessel, _ibid_
his adventure with a balloon-ship, (_note_.) 521
Libanus speaks of his native city, on account of the lamps,
(_note_.) 428
Lights, pocket, how made, 22, 75
various kinds of, 315
composition for, _ibid_
common, composition for, _ibid_
red, composition for, 316
sundry compositions of, for different calibers, _ibid_
brilliant, &c. composition for, _ibid_
for all calibers, _ibid_
another, _ibid_
large Jessamine, 317
small Jessamine, _ibid_
tabular view of compositions for, _ibid_
Bengal, 377
composition of the, 378
observations on the, _ibid_
Lightning, the Ancients knew how to attract the, 31
how represented, 267
Lime, promotes the formation of nitre, 53
the carbonate of, the same effect, _ib._
Lime, 194
its use in fire-works, 195
Line rockets, 345
Linseed oil, 218
Lixivium for slow match, how made, 293
Longchamp, his improvement in refining saltpetre, 67
Lycopodium used in priming powder, 76
imitating lightning, 267
M.
Machines, infernal, 512
Magazine, 235
principles of forming a bomb proof, _ibid_
lightning rod for a, 236
access of moisture in a, how prevented, _ibid_
Magic lantern, 44
phantasmagoria with the, _ib._
Magi, character of the Ancient Egyptian, 27
Mallets, 231
Maltha, 155
Mandrils, 230
Marble, bituminous, 155
Marks, gunpowder, 143
Mariotte, his theory of the flight of rockets, 14
Marrons, 318
made to imitate the explosion of mines, 264
how made, 318
how fired, 319
batteries of, how formed, _ibid_
for service, _ibid_
cubical, _ibid_
figure of the paper, before forming, 320
shining, 320
for what designed, _ibid_
Murdering, 557
Mastich, 163
from the _Pistacia lentiscus_, _ibid_
used in the scented paste, 164
Matches, in artillery, 471
Match, 292
quick, _ibid_
slow, 293
lixivium for slow, _ibid_
principles with respect to the combustion of, 296
proportion of substances for forming, 297
slow (military), 471
how prepared, _ibid_
rope for, 472
lixivium for, _ibid_
nitre, why used, _ibid_
how polished, _ibid_
another process for preparing, _ibid_
how made at Gibraltar, _ibid_
made of sugar of lead, _ibid_
quick, process of M. Bigot for, 477
different compositions for, 478
of worsted, _ibid_
how made with expedition, _ibid_
rod, artillery, of M. Cadet, 474
experiments with, _ibid_
incendiary, 492
how prepared, _ibid_
phosphoric, 85
wood, 571
paper, 294
for cyphers, blue and green, 324
purple, or violet, 325
Meal-powder, 234
Mealing table, how made, 83
Mealing of brimstone, _ib._
Medici, house of, bribed to abolish the Academy del Cimento, 28
Mercury, fulminating, 171
Mercury, corrosive muriate of, 186
Metals, used in fire-works, 4
Metallic preparations, some detonate, 23
Metallic copper, how obtained by precipitation, 222
used in fire-works, 223
Meteors, imitation of natural, 325
Meteorolites, 62
Meteoric phenomenon, _ib._
Mexia, Peter, his remarks on gunpowder, 98
Miasmata, of what composed, 60
produce fevers, _ib._
produce yellow fever, 60
how destroyed, (_note_.) 61
kind of, supposed to produce yellow fever, _ib._
Military Pyrotechny, what, 456
Milk of sulphur, 83
Mine pots, 299
composition of, _ibid_
Mines, and mining, 550
Minerva of Sais, festival of, (_note_.) 428
Mineral tar, 154
Miracles, 29
Mirrors, powerful effects of, 562
Archimedes employed, with success, 563
Mix, lieut. his unsuccessful attempt with a torpedo, 522
Mixtures, how made for fire-works, 253
Morey, his experiment with nitre and oil, 51
with tar, 433
with rosin and boiling water, 432
Mortars and pestles, 233
paper, 350
to throw aigrettes, 350, 363
Moore, his remarks on rockets, 15
Moon and stars, 421
Mosaic candles, 381
theory and effect of, 17
gold, 200
tourbillons, 358
composition of, 360
simples, 381
how used, _ibid_
moulded stars, 382
composition of, _ibid_
Moses, how he differed from the Magi, 30
rod of, miracles wrought with the, 29
Mother water of nitre, 57
Moulds, for common port-fires, 247
Muriated gunpowder, what, 76
Muriate of Ammonia, 184
Mushet, his remarks on iron, 210
Mutations, a regulated piece of nine, 408
Myrrh, 164
used in odoriferous fire, 165
N.
Naphtha, 153
the substance, which burnt Creusa, _ibid_
Alexander the great, surprised at the effects of, _ibid_
used by the Ancients in exhibitions, 154
Hanway's account of, _ibid_
Pinkerton's observations on, _ibid_
grounds, singular properties of, _ibid_
used in the Greek fire, 154
Neptune, how represented in fire, 450
Nitre, 48
fixed by charcoal, 49
used in the formation of gunpowder, 50
its quality, how judged of, by fire-workers, 51
how procured in the East, 52
districts, what, _ib._
how procured at Lima, _ib._
regale, in Germany, what, _ib._
how obtained in Germany, _ib._
from old walls, buildings, &c. 53
formed with animal and vegetable matter, _ib._
collected in the East Indies, _ib._
quantity used in China for fire-works, _ib._
bed of, at Apulia, near Naples, _ib._
how obtained in Switzerland, _ib._
springs, in Hungary, _ib._
convocation at Paris, of young men, to receive instruction for
forming, _ib._
Caves of the United States, 54
obtained from the soil of tobacco-houses, _ib._
beds, artificial, _ib._
how extracted from the nitrous earth of nitre caves, 54, 55
crude, what, 54
earth, what, _ib._
found in caves in a state of purity, _ib._
caves of Tennessee, Virginia, and Maryland, _ib._
cave, a, how discovered, 55
in the grease, what, 56
theory of the process of extracting, 57
crystallization of, _ib._
rough, _ib._
rock ore of, how treated, _ib._
caves, observations on, 59
Brongniart's direction for refining, 62
process for extracting, in France, 63
old process for refining, 66
Chaptal's observations, &c. on, 67
conditions necessary to form, 70
how extracted from damaged gunpowder, 72
how to ascertain its purity, _ib._
how reduced expeditiously to powder, 73
cubic, 74
caves of Africa, a bituminous substance found there, 58
native, in the nitre caves of the United States, 56
native, of Africa, 58
in the sandstone strata of Africa, _ib._
caves of Africa, contain animal excrement, _ib._
in the cave at Nicajack in Georgia, _ib._
quantity obtained at Nicajack, 59
supposed origin of, at Nicajack, _ib._
in the cave at Corydon, Indiana, _ib._
caves of East Tennessee, Kain's remarks on, _ib._
of the Cumberland mountains, _ib._
causes which are supposed to form, _ib._
used in the manufacture of candles, 186
Nitrification, what, 70
Nitrous efflorescence, the ancient _scrophula contra lapides_, 53
Nitrate of potassa, nitre, or saltpetre, 48
of soda, used in fire-works, 8
of strontia, _ib._
produces flame, _ib._
of soda, 73
experiments with, by Bottée & Riffault, 74
of copper, 223
uses of, in fire-works, _ibid_
use of, for matches, _ibid_
preparation of, _ibid_
Nitrates of different bases, may be used in fire-works, 8
all contain oxygen, _ib._
Nitric acid, 51
how prepared, _ib._
O.
Odoriferous fire-works, general principle of, 21
water balloons, 286, 446
flambeaux, 289
and fetid fire, 290
fire, by spontaneous accension, 288
pastilles, or crayons, 286
vases of the ancients, _ibid_
Odour, classification of, _ibid_
extreme divisibility of, 285
Oils, essential, 163
inflammation of, 51
used in odoriferous fire, 285
Oil of vitriol, 82
Oil, phosphorized, 85
detonating, 179
linseed, 218
why required in boring of rockets, 238
used for the preservation of iron or steel filings, 239
of spike, 156
how prepared, _ibid_
Olefiant gas. See fire-works with hydrogen gas, 89
Ores, many, furnish sulphur by sublimation, 80
how treated to yield sulphur, _ib._
Orenburg gum, 147
Ordeal by fire, what, 37
Orpiment, 187
Oxygen gas, how obtained from nitre, 49
in nitrates and chlorates, 8
an important agent in fire-works, 2
Oxides, formed by combustion, what kind of, 4
Oxide of copper, in fire-works, 222
how obtained, _ibid_
P.
Pagan Priests, conscious of their deceptions, 30
Palm trees, representation of, 401
Paper press, 234
different kinds of, used for cases, 250
how made incombustible, _ibid_
how coloured and glazed, 251
preferred for cases to wood, 262
cases used by the Chinese, _ibid_
touch, or match, 294
mortars, 349
Swedish stone, 250
incombustible, of amianthus, 251
Chinese, _ibid_
observations on, _ibid_
Parasols, Chinese, 405
Paris, fire-works at, in 1739, 257
Paste, 252
patent, _ibid_
Japanese, _ibid_
odoriferous, 287
board, how made, 249
uses of, _ibid_
for fire-works, Chinese mode of making the, 252
Pastilles, or pastes, 286
composition of, 287
Peach-wood, raspings of, 76
Pearl ash, 190
Perchloride of Mercury, 186
Persia, the sacred fire in, 386
grounds of, contain inflammable air, _ibid_
the followers of Zoroaster in, _ibid_
Petard, 298
for war, 505
table of the dimensions of the, _ibid_
Petards, composition for, 506
Petroleum, 154
Payard, M. his burning mirror, 565
Peyre, his remarks confined to gunpowder, 16
Phantasmascope, 47
Phantasmagoria, 44
thunder and lightning with the, 47
Phalaris, bull of; (_note_.) 28
Philosophical phial, 214
Phlogiston, supposed to have existed in acids, 70
Phosphorus, 84
general properties of, 85
how prepared, 86
Phosphoric matches, and fire bottles, 85
stone, 86
tapers, 85
pencil, 86
ether, 85
oil, _ib._
Phosphuret of lime, its effect in water, _ib._
of Wurzer, 86
Phosphuretted hydrogen gas, 85
Piece, regulated, of nine mutations, 408
Pinks, fire, from flower pots, 10
Pin wheels, 395
composition for, _ibid_
Pipes of communication, 443
for fire-works, 295
how joined together, _ibid_
how made, _ibid_
why necessary, _ibid_
Pitch, Jews', 155
how made, 147
use of, in fire-works, _ibid_
a composition of, almost inextinguishable, _ibid_
used in the Greek fire, _ibid_
used in incendiary fire-works, see military fire-works.
Burgundy, furnished by the Pinus Abies, _ibid_
white, _ibid_
Plane board, 233
Platinum, fulminating, 176
Pliny, his account of Porsena, 31
of Numa Pompilius, _ib._
of Tullius Hostilius, _ib._
Plumbago, 209
Plutarch, his account of Naphtha, 32
Pocket lights, how made, 22, 75
Poisoned arrows, 566
of savages, of what composed, 567
sundry plants for, specified, 568
the Arabs, how they make, _ibid_
of the island of Java, _ibid_
Asiatic, with what poisoned, _ibid_
of the Alps, _ibid_
ancient Europeans, how they made, _ibid_
Polydore Virgil, to whom he ascribes the invention of powder, 99
Polygonal mirror, its effect, 565
Pontiffs, the, considered learning opposed to their views, 28
their arbitrary edicts, _ib._
bribed the house of Medici, _ib._
abolished the academy Del Cimento, _ib._
Port-fire, cases for, 247
length of, _ibid_
origin of the term, _ibid_
how made, by the Strasburg formula, _ibid_
Strasburg, composition of, 248
how generally made, 479
instructions of M. Bigot respecting, _ibid_
composition of, various, _ibid_
usual length of, 480
wet and dry, _ibid_
dry, according to the English method, _ibid_
other compositions for, _ibid_
composition for, according to Ruggeri, _ibid_
Potash, 191
Potassium, _ibid_
Pots des Brins, 364
serpents for, 299
how made, 364
de chasse, 360
fire, remarks on, 365
for ramparts, 575
composition for, 366
of ordnance, 422
how made, _ibid_
how fixed, _ibid_
how discharged, 423
flower, pyramid of, 402
Powder-triers, 138
proof, 136
bags, 503
how made, _ibid_
barrel, _ibid_
of fusion, what, 50
fulminating, _ib._
inflammable, of Pauly, 577
of what composed, 578
Priests of antiquity, acting as jugglers, 32
Prince Rupert's drops, 214
Priming powder, of chlorate of potassa, 75
tubes, or fuses, 475
formerly made of tin, _ibid_
composed of two parts, _ibid_
reeds, or quills used for, _ibid_
how filled, 476
compositions, sundry for, _ibid_
pewter used for, 475
Prognosticator, a preparation of camphor for a, 159
Proust, his remarks on the charcoal for powder, 110
Prussic acid, 89
Puddling, what, 207
Puffs, 262
composition for, 263
Pulverization of substances, 253
Purple match, 325
Putrefaction of animal and vegetable substances, 70
forms saltpetre, 71
Pyrotechny, 1
general theory of, _ib._
of the Chinese, 53
Pyrotechnical sponge, 570
mixtures, 1
Pyroacetic acid, 91
how purified for use, 93, 95
Pyric piece, 412
Pyrophorus, 180
of Wurzer, 86
how prepared, _ib._
Pyrophore of defence, 581
Q.
Quick match, 20
how generally made, _ib._
military, 477
different kinds of, see match.
Quicklime, 194
its use in making slow match, 472
R.
Radiation of heat, its effects, 565
Rammers, 231
Rampart fire-pots, 575
Realgar, 187
Reagents, chemical, to discover foreign salts in nitre, 72
Recoil of a gun, similar to the recoil of a rocket, 11
Reeds, for fire-ships, 510
Red-fire for theatres, 270
Resins, 148
Thenard's opinion of, _ibid_
Repeating gun, 460
Reports, single, 301
cases for, _ibid_
Rain, silver, composition for, 272
fire, 18
filamentous, 309
how formed, _ibid_
cases for, with what charged, _ibid_
in sparks, what, _ibid_
composition for, 310
gold, composition for, _ibid_
remarks on the, 319
fire, in general, sundry compositions for, 311
falls, and stars, double and single, _ibid_
observations on the cases for, _ibid_
and hail, how imitated, (_note_.) 266
Rays, composition for, 272
Rice glue, 252
Richardson, his tricks with fire, 36
Ring, a, how suspended by a thread reduced to ashes, 41
Robins, his conclusions applicable to rockets, 16
his experiments on gunpowder, 125
Rochos, on the ashes of toads, 34
Rock saltpetre ore, what, 55
Rockets, gunpowder, &c. causes the ascension of, 11
motion of, how balanced, 12
gases produced by the combustion of the composition for the, _ib._
principle of the, gives motion to fire-wheels, 11
a missile weapon, _ib._
used at the seige of Seringapatam, _ib._
principle, what, 12
employed for explosion and conflagration, 11
theory of the ascension of the, 12
stick, its use, _ib._
stars, 18
water, _ib._
charcoal of hard wood for, when used, 94
remarks on charging of the, 231
charging of the, rammers required for, _ibid_
signal, tools required for forming the, 232
table, 272
driving of a, 236
driven solid, or hollow, 236
ladle for charging, 237
blows required for charging of the, _ibid_
for each ladleful of composition, _ibid_
how bored, and machine for boring, 238
taps for, what, _ibid_
bored with a brace and screw bit, 239
cases, how made, 243
cases, Morel's rule for making, 244
length of the, how regulated, 245
and their appendages, 326
flying, _ibid_
uses of, _ibid_
caliber and preparation of, _ibid_
tables, concerning the, 327, 328
different opinions respecting, 327
moulds for, remarks on the, 328
composition for, remarks on the, _ibid_
charcoal used in the composition for, of what kind, 329
compositions for, opinions respecting the, _ibid_
compositions for, _ibid_
according to Morel, 330
to Bigot, _ibid_
tabular view of the, 331
of honour, Chinese composition for, 330
observations on charging of, 331
furniture of, its weight, 332
heads for, how made, _ibid_
sticks for, _ibid_
how measured, _ibid_
piercer, what, 333
rammers, for charging of, _ibid_
formers for the cases of, _ibid_
moulds for, table exhibiting the dimensions of, _ibid_
on the heading of, 334
heads of, why used, _ibid_
experiments respecting, 335
manner of decorating them, _ibid_
decorations used for, _ibid_
sticks, their dimensions and poise, 336
their use, _ibid_
table respecting, _ibid_
how discharged, 337
different modes of discharging, _ibid_
fired without sticks, in what manner, 338
Girandole chest for discharging, _ibid_
how made, 339
fountain of, what, _ibid_
how discharged at the same time, _ibid_
Morel's contrivance for discharging, _ibid_
angle of inclination given to, if required, 340
combinations of, with appendages, _ibid_
fixed on the top of each other, _ibid_
towering, 16, 340
Caduceus, 16, 341
Honorary, 342
Chained, _ibid_
tails of, how made to form an arch, 343
small, or swarmers, _ibid_
composition for, _ibid_
scrolls for, 344
cases for, _ibid_
line, with decorations, 345
signal, 347
water, 443
discharging of, in water, 448
under water, 449
war, 11, 526
Congreve, has iron cases _ibid_
Signal, _trimming_ of, _ibid_
composition for the trimming of, 527
quicklime used in the composition of, (_note_.) 526
the hollow in, increases the surface that takes fire, 527
sticks of, when large, are bored and filled with powder, 528
Robins's experiments with, _ibid_
height of ascension of, _ibid_
Indian, 529
Congreve, how it differs from the common, 530
contains the propelling power, _ibid_
carries ball, shells, case shot, &c. _ibid_
distance of its flight, _ibid_
carcass, _ibid_
how armed, 533
used at Boulogne and Copenhagen, 531
advantages it is said to possess, _ibid_
range of the largest kind of, 532
kinds used for different services, 533
table concerning the range, &c. of the, _ibid_
how discharged, 535
estimate of the cost of the, 536
French account of the, _ibid_
described by Ruggeri, _ibid_
Congreve said not to be the inventor of the, _ibid_
invented by a naval officer, _ibid_
Ruggeri's publication concerning the, _ib._
analysis of the, by Gay-Lussac, 531
objections to the, 537
difference between the incendiary and common, 538
murdering, how formed, _ibid_
how discharged, _ibid_
light ball, 539
carcass, the floating, _ibid_
observations on the, 540
Bigot's remarks concerning the, _ibid_
Bigot's tables of the different kinds of, 542, 543
the succoring, 544
Rolling board, 233
Rolled stars, 304
Rome, the forum at, lighted, 428
without public lights, _ibid_
Roman candles, 380
Roses, Italian, 313
composition for, _ibid_
Rose-piece and sun, 399
Rosin, 146
how prepared, 147
Ruggeri, his opinion of chlorate of potassa for rockets, 77
Rumford, count, his improvement in fuel, 577
S.
Sacks, for mealing gunpowder, 234
of powder, for pots des brins, 366
Sage, on the spontaneous combustion of charcoal, 107
his remarks concerning gunpowder, 108
Sal Alembroth, 187
ammoniac, use of, in fire-works, 184
in candle making, 191
ammoniac, 184
Sal Prunelle, 49, 167
Saltpetre, the basis of fire-works. See Nitre, 3
affords oxygen, _ib._
decomposed by charcoal, _ib._
remarks concerning, 49
converted into sal prunelle, 167
refining of, 65
old process for refining of, 66
reagents used to determine the purity of, 72
Dupont's refined, character of, 73
how obtained in fine powder, _ib._
preparation of, for fire-works, _ib._
the oldest certain account of, 98
Caves. See Nitre.
proportion of acid in, 122
used in candle-making, 186
Saracen fire, 549
Saucissons, 321
how made, _ibid_
flying, _ibid_
how used, 322
in mining, what, 551
Scudder, his plan for blowing up the Ramilies, 524
Scrolls for rockets, 344
Scented vase, 288
Scented fire-works, 21, 283
vase of the Athenians, 21
fire of the Moldiva Islands, 285
Schwartz, said to be the inventor of gunpowder, 99
Schistus, bituminous, 155
Schœpfer revived magic, 33
and Cagliostro, tricks of, _ib._
Sea lights, 525
composition for, _ibid_
Sea fights, how represented, 451
Sieves, 234
Seneca oil, 155
Serpents, nest of, 364
how formed, 298
how driven, _ibid_
composition of, 299
for pots de brins, _ibid_
for pots of aigrettes, &c. _ibid_
why so called, _ibid_
stars, 301
their intention, _ibid_
cases for, _ibid_
compositions for, _ibid_
of two kinds, _ibid_
how moulded, 302
how primed, _ibid_
theory of their effect, _ibid_
whirling, _ibid_
principle of the, _ibid_
how charged, _ibid_
Ship, fire, 507
preparation of a, 507
Shells, paper, how made, 245
fuses for, 481
loading of, 484
Shining marrons, 320
Shrapnel shell, 559
Siemienowicz, Casimir, his fire-rain, 560
Signal rockets, 347
Silliman, professor, his fulminating silver, 175
Silver rain, composition of, 272
what, 18
fulminating, 173
Size, 215
Skin, the, how made callous, 36
Sky-rocket, see Rocket.
Smoke ball, composition of the, 507
Snakes, how tamed, (_note_.) 35
destroyed in India, (_note_.) _ib._
fangs of, what, (_note_.) _ib._
Solar phosphori, 437
the miraculous luminaries, no other than, different kinds of, _ibid_
phosphorus, Bolognian, _ibid_
Canton's, _ibid_
Hanzelet's, _ibid_
Baldwin's, _ibid_
Soot, why used in some pyrotechnical mixtures, 145
of what composed, 146
of animal excrement furnishes sal ammoniac, _ibid_
of camels' dung, its use in Egypt, _ibid_
of oil, and turpentine. See Lampblack.
Sparks, in rain-fire, 309
substances, which show in, 312
Spelter, 196
Spherical case shot, 559
Spiral screw, 418
Spontaneous combustion, 51
Spouts, fire, 367
Spirit of sal ammoniac, 185
Spirits of turpentine, 147
Spirit of wine, 168
Spirit lamps, 170
Spur fire, 9, 267
composition of, 268
Spunk, 570
Standing or fixed cases, compositions for, 389
Stands, for sky-rockets, 338
Stahl, his opinion of the composition of nitric acid, 70
Stars, from artificial flower pots, 10
simple, 303
use of, _ibid_
how prepared, _ibid_
composition for, 304
rolled, 304
how made, _ibid_
composition used for, _ibid_
cracking, _ibid_
are small marrons, _ibid_
rocket, white, composition of, _ibid_
blue, composition of, 305
variegated, composition of, _ibid_
brilliant, composition of, _ibid_
common, composition of, _ibid_
tailed, composition of, _ibid_
drove, composition of, _ibid_
fixed pointed, composition of, _ibid_
of a fine colour, composition for, _ibid_
of different colours, composition of, _ibid_
directions for preparing, 306
another composition for, _ibid_
which carry tails of sparks, _ibid_
composition of, _ibid_
which yield some sparks, 307
yellow, composition for, _ibid_
another composition for, _ibid_
caution in rolling, _ibid_
different ways of forming, 308
flaming, with brilliant wheels, _ibid_
general theory of, _ibid_
fixed, 313
scrolls for, 344
strung, _ibid_
moulded Mosaic, 382
flat, 424
Steam, how used for drying gunpowder, 112, 116, 119
pipes, what, 112
latent heat in, (_note_.) _ibid_
for boiling dye kettles, (_note_.) _ibid_
Count Rumford's experiment with, (_note_.) _ibid_
Steel, its use in fire-works, 201
combustion of, in oxygen gas, 202
hardening of, 204
tempering of, _ibid_
natural, 207
kind called ferrum candidum, 208
of cementation, 207
singular mode of making, in Spain, 208
blistered, 207
antiquity of hardening, 208
shear, 207
cast, _ibid_
or iron filings, how preserved for fire-works, 239
filings, in spur-fire, 10
produce scintillations, _ib._
of what composed, 89
Stink fire lance, 507
Stink stone, 155
Strangling of cases, how performed, 243
contrivance for, 244
Strangler, 233
Streets, lighting of the, a modern invention, 26
Storax, 162
Substances, what, required for military fire-works, 228
pulverization of, 253
properties of various, known to jugglers, 26
Submarine navigation, 515
Succinum, 156
Succinic acid, 157
its effect in fire-works, 290
Suffocating pot, 507
composition for the, _ibid_
Sugar, 165
used in fire-works, _ibid_
decomposed by chlorate of potassa, _ibid_
from various substances, 166
caromel from, by the burning of, 165
sulphuric acid converts several substances into, 166
Sulphur, 78
native, _ib._
in the island of Java, _ib._
associated with gypsum, _ib._
volcanic, 79
how obtained from ores, 78
how purified for gunpowder, 80
mineralizes metals, _ib._
from pyrites, _ib._
vivum, what, _ib._
how recovered, from damaged gunpowder, 72
from galena, 79
various means of obtaining, 80
quantity obtained, from pyrites, 80
quantity of in metallic sulphurets, 79
roll, 80
flowers of, _ib._
properties of, 82
various compounds of, _ib._
a constituent part of gunpowder, 83
mealing of, _ib._
how to determine the purity of, _ib._
to discover the adulteration of, by oil of turpentine, 84
milk of, 83
use of, in preserving iron and steel, 239
Sulphuret of arsenic, 187
antimony, 188
Sulphurets, 82
Sulphuric acid, _ib._
native, in the island of Java, 78
Sulphurous acid, 82
Sun cases, 19
Suns, &c. exhibition of, by the Chinese, 256
Suns, fixed, 397
with transparent faces, 398
with variations, 396
compositions for the charges, _ibid_
with rose piece, 399
Swarmers, 343
composition for, _ibid_
Swedish melting house, feats performed at the, 36
Sword blades, how ornamented, 205
T.
Table, mealing, 234
fire, 271
works exhibited on, _ibid_
Table rocket, 272
Table-star, the illuminated, 273
Tape, detonating, 274
Tar, how obtained, 147
Barbadoes, 155
Morey's experiments with, 148
Tarred links, 500
how made, _ibid_
Tests, their use in discovering the presence of substances, 72
Thenard's formula for priming powder, 76
Thenard, respecting nitrous lixivium, 63
Theophilus, bishop, respecting the statues at Alexandria, (_note_.) 28
Thick stuff, of nitre boilers, 57
Thouvenal's opinion respecting nitre beds, 70
Thundering barrel, 504
Thunder bolts, in fire-works, 265
composition for, 266
various ways of imitating, (_note_.) _ibid_
accompanying the phantasmagoria, how imitated, (_note_.) _ib._
Thus, 148
used in odoriferous fire, _ibid_
copallinum, 164
Tin, sheet, 206
plate, _ibid_
Tinder, 570
Tools and utensils, 228
Tophania, the female poisoner, 48
Torpedo, Fulton's, 521
principle of, _ibid_
precautions against, 522
fulminating silver used in the small, 173
used against the Plantagenet, 522
Touch paper, 21, 292, 294, 370
Tourbillons, theory of, 16
cases for, 245
how charged, _ibid_
common, 358
mosaic, _ibid_
character of, 359
mosaic, composition of, 360
table, 361
appendages to, _ibid_
directions for firing, _ibid_
common, another mode of making, _ibid_
composition of, for different calibers, 362
for half inch caliber, _ibid_
of various sizes, _ibid_
general rule respecting, 363
Torches, odoriferous, 289
compositions for, _ibid_
used in war, 501
how made, 502
Tourteaux, 500
for what used, _ibid_
goudronné of the French, _ibid_
how made, _ibid_
composition for, according to Bigot, _ibid_
according to the Strasburg formula, 501
Tow and hemp, 222
Towering rocket, 340
theory of the, 16
Transparencies, 425
Tubes, cannon, how inflamed by sulphuric acid, 22
Tunestrick, his wonderful performance, 34
his miraculous liquor, 35
Turpentine, 146
for what purpose used in fire-works, _ibid_
spirit of, how inflamed by nitric acid, 51
decomposes the nitrates, 146
a component part of the ancient Greek fire, _ibid_
obtained from different species of the Pinus, _ibid_
common, from the Pinus Sylvestris, _ibid_
composed of resin and volatile oil, 147
Spirit of, how obtained, _ibid_
Essential oil of, _ibid_
Venice, from the Pinus laryx, 147
made artificially, _ibid_
from the Pinus Maritima, _ib._
spirits of, Morey's experiments with, 148
Turtle, the American, 515
invented by Bushnel, 516
intended to destroy shipping, _ibid_
outline of its construction, _ibid_
experiments with, 517
sergeant Lee's adventure with the, _ibid_
Turf, used in the place of spunk, 572
inflammability of, 152, 571
of morasses, some account of, _ibid_
Tacitus' account of, taking fire, _ibid_
Gmelin's observations on, _ibid_
V.
Vapour of water accelerates combustion, 432
preparation of, to form blue flame, _ibid_
Varnish, 164
Variegated stars, 18
Vase, the scented, 288
composition for the, _ibid_
Vegetable poisons, their use in poisoning of arrows, 568
Venice turpentine, 147
Versailles, fire-works at, in 1739, 257
Vinegar from wood, character of the, 93
quantity of the, _ib._
apparatus for obtaining the, 95
Violet match, 325
Vitriol, blue, its use in fire-works, 222
Volcano of Lemery, 323
how made, _ibid_
theory of, _ibid_
exhibition of a, in China, 256
Volute, grand, 417
W.
Wand, Mercury's, 401
fire, 400
War-rockets, 526
of the Asiatics, 262, 529
Water-squibs, 448
fire-fountain, _ibid_
balloons, odoriferous, 446
compositions for, _ibid_
mines, 444
fire-works, 442
rockets, 18, 443
of ammonia, 185
casks, the use of charring, 87
how preserved at sea, _ib._
Water, its presence in fire-works injurious, 8
weak, what, 64
strong, in nitre making, _ib._
Waterloo crackers, how made, 273
Watson, the Bishop of Llandaff, his mode of examining gunpowder, 141
Waved fire, 418
Wax, artificial, for candles, 51
Wheels, 19
Wheel cases, manner of loading, 237
Wheels, how made incombustible, 240
Wheel cases, standing and fixed, composition for, 388
Wheels, slow fire for, 389
dead fire for, _ibid_
single, vertical, &c. 391
plural, 393
illuminated spiral, _ibid_
balloon, 394
fruiloni, _ibid_
pin, 395
composition for, _ibid_
horizontal, how changed to vertical, with a sun in front, 399
cone, double illuminated, 416
vertical, on a horizontal table, _ib._
decoration of, 418
single, double, and triple table, 425
for water, horizontal, 444
White fire, composition for, 272, 580
flame lances, 315
composition of the, _ib._
iron of the French, what, 206
pitch, 147
Stars, 18
Whitening of cases, 370
Whirling serpents, 338
Wicks, lamp, of amianthus, 26
Kircher's, _ib._
Wild fire, 492
Will-with-the-Wisp, 85
Wings, 406
Women, Roman, their custom with fire, 37
Wood, charred, 90
carbonization of, how performed, _ib._
improved process for the, 91
kinds of, for making charcoal for gunpowder, 94
light, for gunpowder, _ib._
heavy, or hard, when used, _ib._
raspings of, used in fire-works, 163, 216
distillation of, 217
bronzing of, 242
ashes of, used in fire-works, 192
tubes of, used by the ancients in fire-works, 262
how preserved from the weather, 265
how made incombustible, 241
colouring of, how performed, _ibid_
Woolf, Arthur, his steam apparatus, 119
Wootz, 209
Worcester, the Marquis of, his destructive machines, 525
Works, detonating, 273
Workshop for artificers, 235
Wrought iron, 206
X.
Xenophon, his account of ancient jugglers, 23
Y.
Yew tree, illuminated, 402
Yellow fever, supposed cause of, 61
Z.
Zoroaster, the followers of, in Persia, 386
sacred fire of the, _ibid_
Zinc, 196
THE END.
[Illustration]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE.
FIG. 1.--A. is the entering rammer or driver. It is bored in such a
manner, that the whole of the broach, or piercer above the nipple,
n, may be admitted. The cavity of the bore is cylindrical, and
equal in diameter to that of the foot of the broach. This driver
serves to fix the rocket case, over the broach, in the mould G, and
to form the cup, o, fig. 10, for receiving the priming.
B. is the driver of the first charge. It is bored in such a manner,
as to admit the broach to within two-fifths of the interior
diameter of the case, from its base. Its bore is cylindrical, and
has the diameter of the broach, at the height of two-fifths the
interior diameter of the case.
C. is the driver of the second charge, and admits the broach
two-thirds of its length; the diameter of its bore being the same
as that of the broach, at one-third of its height.
D. is the driver of the third charge, and admits one-third of the
broach; the diameter of the bore being that of the broach, at
two-thirds of its height.
E. is the last driver, and is solid; the charge being above the
summit of the broach. See page 231.
FIG. 1. and FIG. 6.
FIG. 1. (cont.) and FIG. 6.--The broach or piercer I, fig. 1, (a
section of which is represented in fig. 6), is a truncated cone,
having a hemispherical summit. The cone is the part from a to b,
fig. 6. The diameter of the base of the cone at b, ought to be
two-fifths of the interior diameter of the case, and the diameter
at the summit, one-fifth, which is also the diameter of the small
hemisphere at the top. The height from b to a, ought to be seven
times the interior diameter of the case, or 17.5 times the diameter
of the base b. The part n, fig. 1, and from b to c, fig. 6, is
rounded. Its diameter ought to be that of the interior of the case,
and its height, seven-tenths of that diameter. This is called the
nipple, and is the part, which gives shape to the cup o, fig. 10.
The part m, fig. 1, and from c to d, fig. 6, is cylindrical, and
may be made of any height or diameter, provided the latter is not
less than that of the cone. It is generally one-twentieth more
than the exterior diameter. This part ought to penetrate into the
bottom of the charging mould, G, fig. 1, and fit closely, so as to
be firm. The part from d to e, fig. 6, is the blade or tongue of
the broach. It is rectangular, and enters into the block H, fig.
1, where it is firmly fixed. The size of this part is arbitrary, as
well as that of the block H, fig. 1.
FIG. 2.--The Rocket finished.
FIG. 3.--Conical Mandril or Former, for the head of the Rocket.
FIGS. 4 & 5.--Head of the Rocket and _Pot de fusée_.
FIGS. 7 & 8.--Mealing table and Mullar.
FIG. 9.--The Rocket case choaked, and prepared for charging.
FIG. 10.--Section of the Rocket, after charging.
FIG. 11.--The Rocket with its stick. For want of room, the stick is
represented in two pieces.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Exponents are denoted by ^ so for example 4^2 indicates 4 squared.
For consistency and clarity, a space (when absent) has been placed
between the number and the unit of weight lb. and lbs. giving
for example '21 lbs.' in place of '21lbs.'
Fractions, usually in the form '14 3-4' in the original text,
have been converted to the form '14-3/4' in this etext.
Fractions in all tables have been converted to Unicode ½ ¼ ¾ ⅓ etc.,
for clarity and to conserve space in larger tables. A few tables
have non-Unicode fractions which remain in the form 1-7/12.
Also, in a few larger tables with italic styling on some text, this
italic styling has been removed, for clarity and to conserve space.
In a few cases a word has been abbreviated to conserve table space:
cal. = caliber; diam. = diameter.
Some instances of _Tome_ in French citations have been changed
to Tome (no italic), for consistency.
Some accents and spelling in French citations have been corrected.
For consistency, instances of 'fireworks' and 'fire works' have
been changed to the predominant form 'fire-works'.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.
Except for those changes noted above and below, misspelling in the
text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
For example: meal-powder, meal powder; quick-match, quick match,
quickmatch; siege, seige; musket, musquet; hazle; dodecaedron;
deposite; inclose.
Pg xiv. 'Meutrieres' replaced by 'Meurtrières'.
Pg xiv. 'Siemienowick' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg xviii. 'accesssion' replaced by 'accession'.
Pg xxv. 'alchohol' replaced by 'alcohol'.
Pg xxxi. The references to 40° have been retained (should be 4°).
Pg xxxv. 'indispensible' replaced by 'indispensable'.
Pg xl. 'knowlege' replaced by 'knowledge'.
Pg xliv. 'Siemienowick' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg 19. 'pluverized' replaced by 'pulverized'.
Pg 19. 'foretel' replaced by 'foretell'.
Pg 22. 'Belhelaive' replaced by 'Belhelvie'.
Pg 24. 'Heroditus' replaced by 'Herodotus'.
Pg 26 Footnote [8]. 'Pontoppidon' replaced by 'Pontoppidan'.
Pg 26 Footnote [8]. 'seive' replaced by 'sieve'.
Pg 31. 'Heroditus' replaced by 'Herodotus'.
Pg 34. 'Tunesteick' replaced by 'Tunestrick'.
Pg 44. 'skreen' replaced by 'screen'.
Pg 53. 'Bradenburgh' replaced by 'Brandenburgh'.
Pg 67. 'Rifault' replaced by 'Riffault'.
Pg 68. 'indispensible' replaced by 'indispensable'.
Pg 74. 'exhilirating' replaced by 'exhilarating'.
Pg 100. 'salpetre' replaced by 'saltpetre'. (twice)
Pg 100. 'decribed' replaced by 'described'.
Pg 107. 'occured' replaced by 'occurred'.
Pg 107 Footnote [17]. 'occurence' replaced by 'occurrence'.
Pg 134. 'combustbile' replaced by 'combustible'.
Pg 138. 'one-hundreth' replaced by 'one-hundredth'.
Pg 140. 'eprovette' replaced by 'eprouvette'.
Pg 140. 'pulverized quick-lime' replaced by 'pulverized quicklime'.
Pg 142. 'processess' replaced by 'processes'.
Pg 148. 'frankincese' replaced by 'frankincense'.
Pg 158. 'by some. It is' replaced by 'by some it is'.
Pg 159. 'guages' replaced by 'gauges'.
Pg 163. 'tranverse' replaced by 'transverse'.
Pg 172. 'which see.' replaced by 'which see below.'.
Pg 188. 'XXXVI' replaced by 'Sect. XXXVI'.
Pg 192. 'westtern' replaced by 'western'.
Pg 193. 'nesessary' replaced by 'necessary'.
Pg 197. 'absord' replaced by 'absorb'.
Pg 203. 'harpsicord' replaced by 'harpsichord'.
Pg 206. 'metalic' replaced by 'metallic'.
Pg 221. 'Siemenowitz' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg 232. 'Britanica' replaced by 'Britannica'.
Pg 234. 'paste-board' replaced by 'pasteboard'.
Pg 235. 'whe r ' replaced by 'where'.
Pg 236. 'Peirre' replaced by 'Pierre'.
Pg 237. 'bass' replaced by 'brass'.
Pg 241. 'repecting' replaced by 'respecting'.
Pg 244. 'Britanica' replaced by 'Britannica'.
Pg 245. 'cases is' replaced by 'case is'.
Pg 251. 'abbe Raynal' replaced by 'Abbé Raynal'.
Pg 256. 'Eygpt' replaced by 'Egypt'.
Pg 257. 'groupes' replaced by 'groups'.
Pg 258. 'Tuilleries' replaced by 'Tuileries'.
Pg 259. 'Tuilleries' replaced by 'Tuileries'.
Pg 262. 'Brittish' replaced by 'British'.
Pg 271. 'pastebord' replaced by 'pasteboard'.
Pg 274. 'parts length' replaced by 'parts in length'.
Pg 276. 'breakes' replaced by 'breaks'.
Pg 277. 'Volcono' replaced by 'Volcano'.
Pg 278. 'sucession' replaced by 'succession'.
Pg 284. 'esssential' replaced by 'essential'.
Pg 287. 'ingedients' replaced by 'ingredients'.
Pg 287. 'will to exhale' replaced by 'will exhale'.
Pg 314. 'artficial' replaced by 'artificial'.
Pg 320. The italic styling on the letters in the figure has been
removed for clarity.
Pg 324. 'phosporus' replaced by 'phosphorus'.
Pg 325. 'pealed' replaced by 'peeled'.
Pg 328. In the table '286' replaced by '280' and '338' by '330'.
Pg 328. ': 160 :' replaced by ': 100 :'.
Pg 331. 'section iv' replaced by 'section iii'.
Pg 332. 'counter-ter weights' replaced by 'counter-weights'.
Pg 343. 'desscribed' replaced by 'described'.
Pg 345. 'unrol' replaced by 'unroll'.
Pg 345. 'couratines' replaced by 'courantines'.
Pg 351. 'fiit' replaced by 'fit'.
Pg 359. 'thicknes' replaced by 'thickness'.
Pg 362. 'case whirl' replaced by 'case whirls'.
Pg 382. 'pyrimids' replaced by 'pyramids'.
Pg 383. 'air' replaced by 'airs'.
Pg 384. 'Votaic' replaced by 'Voltaic'.
Pg 406. 'Sec. XIV.' replaced by 'Sec. XV.'.
Pg 413. 'Archimedian' replaced by 'Archimedean'. (twice)
Pg 414. 'star weeel' replaced by 'star wheel'.
Pg 418. 'Archimedian' replaced by 'Archimedean'.
Pg 431. 'Alchohol' replaced by 'Alcohol'.
Pg 440 Footnote [28]. 'meditate' replaced by 'mediate'.
Pg 440 Footnote [28]. 'Guillume' replaced by 'Guillaume'.
Pg 443. 'ladle-full' replaced by 'ladleful'.
Pg 453. 'sauccissons' replaced by 'saucissons'.
Pg 454. 'sauccissons' replaced by 'saucissons'.
Pg 454. 'squills' replaced by 'quills'.
Pg 455. 'mosique' replaced by 'mosaique'.
Pg 460. 'richochet' replaced by 'ricochet'.
Pg 475. 'parallelopepids' replaced by 'parallelepipeds'.
Pg 476. In the table, 'comsition' replaced by 'composition'.
Pg 488. 'Shrapnell' replaced by 'Shrapnel'. (twice)
Pg 491. 'Siemienowich' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'.
Pg 514. 'Dictionaire' replaced by 'Dictionnaire'.
Pg 517. 'passsing' replaced by 'passing'.
Pg 519. 'He how' replaced by 'He now'.
Pg 526. 'two-third' replaced by 'two-thirds'.
Pg 533. Duplicate phrase 'Elevation for extreme range' removed
from the table.
Pg 535. 'their being' replaced by 'there being'.
Pg 535. 'richochet' replaced by 'ricochet'.
Pg 542. 'the' removed from header 'Base of the conical head' in
the table.
Pg 560. 'Siemienowick' replaced by 'Siemienowicz'. (twice)
Pg 570 Footnote [43]. 'fennell' replaced by 'fennel'.
Pg 580. 'seive' replaced by 'sieve'.
Pg 581. 'pullies' replaced by 'pulleys'.
Pg 585. 'de Gouvernment' replaced by 'de Gouvernement'.
Index:
Pg 590. 'Bertholet' replaced by 'Berthollet'.
Pg 590. 'Cagliostra' replaced by 'Cagliostro'.
Pg 590. [Callinicus:] '673' replaced by '544, 548'.
Pg 593. 'Copal' entry moved to correct alphabetic order.
Pg 596. 'Grœcus, Marcus' replaced by 'Græcus, Marcus'.
Pg 598. Section for 'J' moved after section for 'I'.
Pg 598. [Inflammable:] 'Gingembrie' replaced by 'Gengembrie'.
Pg 598. 'Jassamine' replaced by 'Jessamine'.
Pg 599. 'Lampadacea' replaced by 'Lampadaria'.
Pg 599. 'Longschamp' replaced by 'Longchamp'.
Pg 602. [Pliny:] 'Porcena' replaced by 'Porsena'.
Pg 604. 'Rochus' replaced by 'Rochos'.
Pg 606. 'Seneka' replaced by 'Seneca'.
Pg 609. [Watson:] 'Landaff' replaced by 'Llandaff'.
Pg 609. 'Will-with-the-whisp' replaced by 'Will-with-the-Wisp'.