containing ten, the Delta ten, and the intermediate parts sixteen,
making in all 36.... The nomes were generally divided into Toparchiae,
or local governments: and these again into other portions.... At
Alexandria, the Necropolis is a separate suburb, containing gardens,
and sepulchres, and subterraneous passages, employed for preserving the
dead.”
“After the death of Julius Caesar, and after the battle of Philippi,
Antony went into Asia, and paid extravagant honours to Cleopatra, even
making her his wife, and having several children by her. He carried
on, in concert with her, the war that was terminated at Actium, and
accompanied her, as is well known, in her flight. Augustus following
them, destroyed them both, and set Egypt at rest from the revels of
a drunkard. It is now governed as a province, or an Eparchia, paying
considerable taxes, but being always administered by moderate men,
who are sent as Governors, and who hold the rank of a king. Under the
governor is the Dicaeodotes, that is the lawgiver, or chancellor:
another officer is called the Privy purse, or private accountant, whose
business it is to take charge of every thing which is left without an
owner, and which falls of right to the Emperor. These two are also
attended by Freedmen and Stewards of Caesar, who are intrusted with
affairs of greater or less magnitude. There are also three battalions
of soldiers, one in the city of Alexandria, the others in the country.
Besides these, there are nine companies of Romans; three in the city,
three in garrison at Syene, upon the frontiers of Ethiopia, and three
in other parts of the country. There are also three regiments of
cavalry, similarly distributed, among the fittest places. But of the
natives, who are employed in the government of the different cities,
the principal are the Exegétes, or Expounder, who is dressed in purple,
and is honoured according to the usages of the country, and takes care
of what is necessary for the welfare of the city; and the Register,
or writer of commentaries; and the Archidicastes, or chief judge; and
fourthly, the Captain of the Night. These same magistracies existed
in the time of the kings: but the kings governed so ill, that the
welfare of the state was disturbed by all kinds of irregularities.
Polybius, who was in Egypt, expresses his horror of the condition of
the country at that time: he says there were three kinds of inhabitants
in Alexandria; the Egyptians, or the people of the country, a keen
and civilised race, and the mercenary troops, who were numerous and
turbulent; for it was the custom to keep foreign soldiers in their
pay, who, having arms in their hands, were more ready to govern than
to obey: the third description of people were the Alexandrians, not
very decidedly tractable, for similar reasons, but still, better
than the last: for those, who had mixed with them, were originally
Greeks, and remembered the habits of their country. This part of the
population was however then dwindling away, more especially through
Evergetes Physcon, in whose reign Polybius came to Alexandria: for
on several occasions, when there had been some seditious proceedings
he attacked this plebeian multitude with his troops, and destroyed
great numbers of them. Polybius could not therefore help exclaiming,
that he had “To Egypt come, a long and weary way,” with but little
pleasure or comfort. The subsequent sovereigns administered their
governments as ill, or still worse. The Romans may be said to have
effected a great reformation in many respects, and to have regulated
the city very effectually; and in the country they appointed persons
as Commanders, and Monarchae, and Ethnarchae, that is, masters of
single places, and of districts, without very extensive powers....
With respect to the revenues of the country, we may judge of them from
Cicero, who mentions, in one of his orations, that Auletes, the father
of Cleopatra, had an income, from the taxes, of twelve thousand five
hundred talents, [between three and four millions sterling]. If then a
king, who administered his government in the worst and most negligent
manner possible, received so large a revenue, what are we to suppose
it must be at present, when it is managed with so much care, and when
it has been so much increased by the enlargement of the Indian and
African commerce? In former times, there were not twenty vessels, that
ventured to navigate the Red Sea, so as to pass out of the Straights:
but now there are great fleets, that make the voyage to India, and to
the remotest parts of Ethiopia, returning, laden with very valuable
cargos, to Egypt, whence they are distributed to other parts; so
that they are subjected to a double duty, first upon importation, and
then upon exportation: and the customs upon these valuable articles
are themselves proportionally valuable; besides that they have the
advantages of a monopoly: since Alexandria alone is so situated, as
to afford, in general, the only warehouse for receiving them, and for
supplying other places with them.”
From a comparison of the Enchorial names, which are here inserted, we
may confidently add to the alphabet a semicircle, open above, as a
form of the P; we have also several variations of the T, and perhaps
of the TH; and the character, which is sometimes represented by Z,
and sometimes by S, must, in all probability, be the Coptic SH; so
that ZMINIS ought rather to be written SHMINIS, meaning OCTAVIUS, from
SHMEN, _eight_. The same character is found in the phrase of the Pillar
of Rosetta, “who has _received_ the kingdom from his father;” and may
probably have belonged to the word SHEP, if it is allowable to pursue
the analogy so far: it is also remarkable, that the hieroglyphic, which
corresponds to this character, has very nearly the same form with that,
to which Mr. Champollion attributes the power of SH or X in the name of
Xerxes. His Enchorial form of the CH is wholly unsupported by any of
these names.
ALPHABET OF CHAMPOLLION.
[Illustration: Α]
[Illustration: Β*]
[Illustration: Κ, Γ]
[Illustration: Τ, Δ*]
[Illustration: Ε]
[Illustration: Ι, Η*]
[Illustration: Λ*]
[Illustration: Μ*]
[Illustration: Ν*]
[Illustration: Ω, Ο*]
[Illustration: Φ, Π*]
[Illustration: Ρ]
[Illustration: Σ*]
[Illustration: ΤΟ]
*Y: †B.
HIEROGLYPHICAL NAMES
[Illustration: ADRIANUS: CAESAR.]
[Illustration: ALEXANDRUS.]
[Illustration: ANTONINUS: (_c. sempiternus_.)]
[Illustration: AUTOCRATOR CAESARIS.]
[Illustration: DOMITIANUS: SEBASTUS.]
[Illustration: CLEOPATRA.]
[Illustration: CAESARIS.]
[Illustration: BERENICES.]
[Illustration: NERVA: TRAJANUS: _sempit._]
[Illustration: PTOLEMAEUS: _c._ NEOCAESARIS: _semp: dii: Is. Phth._]
[Illustration: SABINA.]
[Illustration: SEBASTE: _sempiterna_.]
[Illustration: SEBASTUS: _semp. Is: Phth._]
[Illustration: TIBERIUS: CAESARIS: _semp._]
[Illustration: TRAJANUS: CAESARIS: _semp._]
[Illustration: TRAJANUS: C. GERMANICUS: DACICUS.]
[Illustration: VESPASIANUS: PIUS?]
[Illustration: COGNOMINE.]
ENCHORIAL PROPER NAMES.
[Illustration: AËTUS]
[Illustration: ALECIS, LECIS?]
[Illustration:
ALEXANDER }
}
ALEXANDRIA }
]
[Illustration: AMENOTHES]
[Illustration: AMMON, JUPITER]
[Illustration: AMMONIUS]
[Illustration: AMONORYTIUS]
[Illustration: AMONRASONTHER]
[Illustration: ANTIGENES]
[Illustration: ANTIMACHUS]
[Illustration: APOLLONIUS]
[Illustration: AREIA]
[Illustration: ARM“ENIS”]
[Illustration: ARSIESIS]
[Illustration: ARSINOE]
[Illustration: ASUS, ASYS, ASOS]
[Illustration: ATHYR]
[Illustration: BERENICE]
[Illustration: BUSIRITES]
[Illustration: CHAPOCHONSIS]
[Illustration: CHAPOCRATES]
[Illustration: CHIMNARAUS]
[Illustration: CLEOPATRA]
[Illustration: DIOGENES]
[Illustration: EIRENE, IRENE]
[Illustration: ERIEUS]
[Illustration: HORUS]
[Illustration: ISIS]
[Illustration: LUBAIS]
[Illustration: LYCOPOLIS]
[Illustration: MAËSIS]
[Illustration: MECHIR]
[Illustration: MESORE]
[Illustration: MIRSIS]
[Illustration: MUTHES]
[Illustration: NECHTHMONTHES]
[Illustration: ONNOPHRIS]
[Illustration: OSIRIS]
[Illustration: OSOROERIS]
[Illustration: PACEMIS]
[Illustration: PANAS]
[Illustration:
PATEUTEMIS }
}
PETEUTEMIS }
]
[Illustration: PECHYTES]
[Illustration: PETEARPOCRATES]
[Illustration: PETEARTRES]
[Illustration: PETECHONSIS]
[Illustration: PETEMESTUS]
[Illustration: PETENEPHOTES]
[Illustration: PETEURIS]
[Illustration: PETOPHOIS]
[Illustration: PETOSIRIS]
[Illustration: PHABIS]
[Illustration: PHANRES]
[Illustration: PHIBIS]
[Illustration: PHILINUS]
[Illustration: PORTIS]
[Illustration: PSENAMUNIS]
[Illustration: PSENCHONSIS]
[Illustration: PTOLEMAEUS]
[Illustration: PYRRHA]
[Illustration: PYRRHIUS]
[Illustration: SENERIEUS]
[Illustration: SENOSOR]
[Illustration: SENPOERIS]
[Illustration: SNACHOMES]
[Illustration: SNACHOMNEUS]
[Illustration: SOTER]
[Illustration: SPOTUS]
[Illustration: TBAEAIS]
[Illustration: TEEPHBIS]
[Illustration: THOTH, HERMES]
[Illustration: THOYTH]
[Illustration: THYNABUNUN]
[Illustration: TOTOES]
[Illustration: ZMINIS]
[Illustration: ZTHENAËTES]
[Illustration: ZOGLYPHUS]
From these specimens, we are also enabled to make some further
inferences respecting the “popular” system of writing among the
Egyptians. They show incontestably, that the employment of the
alphabet, discovered by Akerblad, is not altogether confined to
foreign, or at least to Grecian names: it is applicable, for example,
very readily, to the words Lubais, Tbaeais, Phabis, and perhaps to some
others. But they exhibit also unequivocal traces of a kind of syllabic
writing, in which the names of some of the deities seem to have been
principally employed, in order to compose that of the individual
concerned: thus it appears, that wherever both M and N occur, either
together, or separated by a vowel, the symbol of the god Ammon or Amun
is almost uniformly employed: for example in AMENothes, AMONorytius,
AMONrasonther, ChiMNaraus, PsenAMUNis, and SnachoMNeus, in which we
find neither M nor N, but the symbol for AMMON, or Jupiter. It follows
therefore, that such must have been the original pronunciation of the
word, and that this deity was not called either HO or NO, as Akerblad
was disposed to imagine. In the same manner we have traces of Osiris,
Arueris, Isis, and Re; in _Osoroeris_, _Petosiris_, _Senpoeris_,
_Arsiesis_, _Maesis_, and _Peteartres_. The SE, in PSEnamunis and
SEnerieus, is the symbol for a child, and is probably a contraction
of SHERI: the gender seems to be distinguished in the enchorial name,
while the distinction is lost in the alphabetical mode of writing.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE PTOLEMIES, EXTRACTED FROM VARIOUS AUTHORS.
i. _EXTRACT from_ PORPHYRY, _an author of the age of Diocletian, as
quoted in Scaliger’s_ EUSEBIUS, _and probably thence in the Armenian
translation_.
Alexander, the Macedonian, died in the CXIVth Olympiad, after a reign
of 12 years in the whole: and was succeeded in his kingdom by Aridaeus,
whose name was changed to Philip, being brother to Alexander, by
another mother; for he was the son of Philip by Philinna of Larissa:
and after a reign of seven years, he was killed in Macedonia, by
Polysperchon the son of Antipater.
Now Ptolemy the son of Arsinoe and of Lagus, after one year of this
reign, by an appointment derived from Philip, was sent as a Satrap into
Egypt; which he governed in this capacity for 17 years, and afterwards,
with Royal authority, for 23; so that the number of all the years of
his government, to the time of his death, became 40; but since he
retired from the government two years before, in favour of his son
Ptolemy Philadelphus, and considered himself as a subject of his son,
who had been crowned in his place, the years of this first Ptolemy,
called Soter, are reckoned not 40, but 38 only.
He was succeeded by his son, surnamed, as already mentioned,
Philadelphus, who reigned two years during his fathers’ life, and
thirty [six] afterwards, so that his whole reign occupied, like his
father’s, 38 years.
In the third place, the throne was ascended by Ptolemy surnamed
Evergetes, who reigned 25 years.
In the fourth by Ptolemy called Philopator, whose reign was in the
whole 17 years.
After him, the fifth Ptolemy was surnamed Epiphanes, and reigned 24
years.
Epiphanes had two sons, both named Ptolemy, who reigned after him; the
elder was surnamed Philometor, and the younger Evergetes the second;
their reigns together occupy a period of 64 years. We have placed
this as a single number, because, as they were at variance with each
other, and reigned alternately, the dates were necessarily confounded.
For Philometor first reigned eleven years alone; but when Antiochus
made war upon Egypt, and deprived him of his crown, the Alexandrians
committed the government to the charge of his younger brother; and,
having driven back Antiochus, set Philometor at liberty. They then
numbered the year the [twelfth] of Philometor and the first of
Evergetes; and this system was continued till the seventeenth: but from
the eighteenth forwards, the years are attributed to Philometor alone.
For the elder, having been expelled from his kingdom by the younger,
was restored by the Romans; and he retained the crown of Egypt,
leaving his brother the dominion of Libya, and continued to reign
alone for 18 years. He died in Syria, having conquered that country:
Evergetes being then recalled from Cyrene, and proclaimed King,
continued to number the years of his reign from his first accession to
the crown; so that having reigned [29] years after the death of his
brother, he extended his dates to 54: for the 36th year of Philometor,
which should have been called his 1st, he determined to make the 25th.
In the whole therefore we have 64: first 35 of Philometor, and the
remainder of Evergetes: but the subdivision may lead to confusion.
Now Ptolemy Evergetes the second had two sons, called Ptolemy, by
Cleopatra; the elder Soter, and the younger [Alexander]. The elder
was proclaimed king by his mother: and appearing to be obsequious to
her wishes, he was beloved for a certain time: but when, in the tenth
year of his reign, he put to death the friends of his parents, he was
deposed by his mother for his cruelty, and driven as a fugitive into
Cyprus.
The mother then sent for her younger son from Pelusium, and proclaimed
him sovereign together with herself; so that they reigned in common,
the dates of public acts being referred to both: and the year was
called the eleventh of Cleopatra, and the eighth of Ptolemy Alexander:
comprehending the time as a part of his reign, which began with the
fourth year of his brother; during which he reigned in Cyprus: and
this custom continued during the whole of the life of Cleopatra: but
after her death the epoch of Alexander alone was employed; and, though
he actually held the sceptre for eighteen years only, from the time of
his return to Alexandria, he appears, in his public records, as having
reigned twenty six. In his nineteenth year, having quarrelled with
his troops, he went out into the country in order to raise a force to
control them; but they pursuing him, under the command of Tyrrhus, a
relation of the royal family, engaged him by sea, and compelled him
to fly, with his wife and daughter, to Myrae, a city of Lycia: whence
crossing over to Cyprus, and being attacked by Chaereas, who had the
command of the hostile fleet, he was killed in battle.
The Alexandrians, after his flight, sent an embassy to the elder
Ptolemy, Soter [or Lathurus], inviting him back from Cyprus, to take
possession of the kingdom. During the seven years and six months that
he survived, after his return, the whole time that had elapsed since
the death of his father was attributed to his reign: so that the number
of years became 35, and six months, of which, however, only 17 and
six months properly belonged to him, in the two separate portions of
his reign: while the second brother, Alexander, had reigned 18 in the
intermediate time: and although these could not be effaced from the
annals, they suppressed them as far as it was in their power; since he
had offended them by some alliance with the Jews. They do not therefore
reckon these years separately, but attribute the whole 36 to the elder
brother, omitting again to assign to Cleopatra, the daughter of the
elder, and wife of the younger brother, who took possession of the
government after her father’s death, the six months that she reigned,
which were a part of the 36th year. Nor did they distinguish by the
name of the Alexander, that succeeded her, the nineteen days that he
retained the crown.
This Alexander was the son of the younger brother, Ptolemy Alexander,
and the step son of Cleopatra; he was residing at Rome, and the
Egyptian dynasty failing of male heirs, he came by invitation to
Alexandria, and married this same Cleopatra [his step mother]; and
having deprived her by force of her authority, he put her to death
after 19 days, and was himself killed in the Gymnasium, by the guards,
whom his barbarity had disgusted.
Alexander the second was succeeded by Ptolemy, who was called Neus
Dionysus, or the young Bacchus, the son of Ptolemy Soter, and the
brother of the Cleopatra last mentioned: his reign continued for 29
years.
His daughter Cleopatra was the last of the family of the Lagidae, and
the years assigned to her reign are 22.
Neither did these different reigns fill up the whole series of years
from beginning to end in a regular order, but several of them were
intermixed with the others. For, in the time of Dionysus, three years
are attributed to his two daughters, Cleopatra Tryphaena, and Berenice;
a year conjointly, and two years, after the death of Cleopatra
Tryphaena, to Berenice alone; because in this interval Ptolemy was
gone to Rome, and was spending his time there, while his daughters, as
if he were not about to return, took possession of the government for
themselves; Berenice having also called in to a share of her dominion
some men who were her relations: until Ptolemy, returning from Rome,
and forgetting the indulgence due to a daughter, took offence at her
conduct, and deprived her of life.
The first years of the reign of his successor Cleopatra were also
referred to her in common with her elder brother Ptolemy; and the
following to other persons, for this reason: Ptolemy Neus Dionysus,
[or Auletes], left at his death four children, two Ptolemies, and
Cleopatra, and Arsinoe; appointing as his successors his two elder
children, Ptolemy and Cleopatra; they were considered as joint
sovereigns for four years, and would have remained so; but that
Ptolemy, having departed from his father’s commands, and resolved to
keep the whole power in his own hands, it was his fate to be slain in
a sea fight near the coasts of Egypt, by Julius Caesar, who took part
with Cleopatra.
After the destruction of this Ptolemy, Cleopatra’s younger brother,
also named Ptolemy, was placed on the throne with his sister, by
Caesar’s decree, and the year was called the fifth of Cleopatra, and
the first of Ptolemy: and this custom continued till his death, for two
more years. But when he had been destroyed by the arts of Cleopatra, in
his fourth year and in the eighth of his sister, the subsequent years
were distinguished by the name of Cleopatra alone, as far as fifteen.
The sixteenth was named also the first, since, after the death of
Lysimachus, king of Chalcis in Syria, the “Autocrator” Marc Antony gave
Chalcis and all the neighbouring country to Cleopatra; and from this
time the remaining years of her reign, as far as the 22nd, which was
the last, were reckoned in the same manner, with an additional number,
the 22nd having been called also the 7th, [as the Armenian has very
properly read, for the 27th].
From Cleopatra the government devolved to Octavius Caesar, called also
Augustus, who overcame the power of Egypt in the battle of Actium, the
second year of the CLXXXIVth Olympiad. And from the first year of the
CXIth Olympiad, when Aridaeus Philippus [or rather Alexander], the son
of Philip, took possession of the government, to the second of the
CLXXXIVth, there are 73 Olympiads and a year, or 293 years. And so many
are the years of the sovereigns that reigned in Alexandria, to the time
of the death of Cleopatra.
ii. _Blair’s Chronology of the Ptolemies._
Year
of Nab. Olympiad. B. C.
413 CXI, year 1 336 Aug. Alexander succeeds Philip.
426 CXIV, 2 323 Apr. 21; Alexander dies: Ptolemy S. 1.
464 CXXIII, 4 285 39 Ptolemy Soter.
465 CXXIV, 1 284 1} Ptolemy Philadelphus.
502 CXXXIII, 2 247 38}
503 3 246 1 } Ptolemy Evergetes.
527 CXXXIX, 3 222 25 }
528 4 221 1} Ptolemy Philopator.
544 CXLIII, 4 205 17}
545 CXLIV, 1 204 1 } Ptolemy Epiphanes.
568 CXLIX, 4 181 24 }
569 CL, 1 180 1} Ptolemy Philometor.
579 CLII, 3 170 11}
580 4 169 12 Ptolemy [Eupator.]
600 CLVII, 4 149 35 Ptolemy Philometor.
604 CLVIII, 4 145 1} Ptolemy [Eupator.]
632 CLXV, 4 117 21}
633 CLXVI, 1 116 9 } Ptolemy Lathurus and Cleopatra.
642 CLXVIII, 2 107 10 }
643 2 106 1} Cleopatra and Alexander.
660 CLXXII, 4 89 18}
661 CLXXIII, 1 88 1 } Ptolemy Lathurus.
667 CLXXIV, 3 82 7 }
668 4 81 [1] Cleopatra II, 6 months:
Alexander II, 19 days.
669 CLXXV, 1 80 1 } Ptolemy Alexander III.
683 CLXXVIII, 3 66 15 }
684 4 65 1} Ptolemy Auletes.
697 CLXXXII, 1 52 14}
698 2 51 1 } Ptolemy Dionysius II, and Cleopatra III.
702 CLXXXIII, 2 47 5 }
703 3 46 1} Cleopatra III, Ptolemy, jun.
704 4 45 2}
705 CLXXXIV, 1 44 3 Ptolemy dies, leaving Cleopatra III.
719 CLXXXVII, 3 30 17 Sept. 2. Battle of Actium.
Augustus makes Egypt a Roman Province.
iii. _Chronology of the Ptolemies, according to Champollion Figeac._
Annales des Lagides, 2 v. 8. Par. 1819.
B. C.
323 May 30, Death of Alexander, Nab. 424 Ol. CXIII, 4.
323 Oct. Ptolemy Soter arrives in Egypt.
285 End. 39 Ptolemy places Philadelphus on the throne.
284 Nov. 2 1 Philadelphus.
246 Sum. 38: 1 of Evergetes.
221 Sum. 25: 1 of Philopator.
204 March 29, 17: 1 of Epiphanes.
180 March 24: 1 of Philometor.
146 Aut. 35: 1 of Evergetes II. [Eupator.]
117 Oct. 29: 1 of Lathurus.
107 Sum. 10 Lathurus expelled; Alexander reigns.
88 Sum. 29 Lathurus restored: Alexander dies.
81 Middle 36: 1 Lathurus dies, Berenice reigns 6 months: Alexander II.
72 Beg. 8: 1 Ptolemy Auletes, “22 years” only.
51 Spr. “22”: 1 Cleopatra with her brother Ptolemy.
47 July 5 of Cleopatra: 1 of Ptolemy the younger.
44 July 8 Ptolemy poisoned early in the year.
41 Jul 11 Caesarion takes the title of king; [the Neocaesar
of the Hieroglyphical alphabet.]
30 Sept. 2 22 Battle of Actium.
29 Aug. 1 22 Cleopatra kills herself. Egypt a Roman Province.
iv. _Mr. St. Martin’s Chronology of the Ptolemies._ Recherches sur la
Mort d’Alexandre, 8 Par. 1820.
Nabon· B. C.
424 324 June 22 Death of Alexander Ol. CXIII, 4.
323 Nov. 8 Ptolemy Soter governor of Egypt, 17 years.
306 Nov. 1 Ptolemy Soter king; reigns 21 years.
285 Nov. 7 Soter and his son Philadelphus reign, 2 years.
283 Oct. 17 Philadelphus; reigns alone 36 years.
247 Nov. 8 Ptolemy Evergetes; reigns 25 years.
222 Nov. 2 Ptolemy Philopator; reigns 17 years.
“210 Oct. 9 Ptolemy Epiphanes associated in the crown.”
“208 Oct. 28 First year named after Epiphanes with his father.”
205 Oct. 13 Epiphanes reigns alone, 24 years.
199 March 28 Anticipated coronation of Epiphanes.
181 Oct. 28 Ptolemy Philometor reigns alone 11 years.
170 Oct. 29 With Evergetes II. [Eupator] 6 years.
164 Oct. 21 Alone again, 18 years; Evergetes at Cyrene.
146 Nov. 2 Evergetes II. alone 29 years.
117 Nov. 10 Soter II. [Lathurus] with Cleopatra 10 years.
114 Nov. 8 Alexander I. reigns 7 years in Cyprus.
107 Oct. 21 Alexander reigns 18 years: Soter in Cyprus.
89 Nov. 1 Soter II. restored, reigns 8 years.
82 Oct. 17 Last of Soter: Berenice reigns 6 months; Alexander
II. 19 days.
81 Nov. 4 Ptolemy Auletes; reigns 29 years.
59 Feb. 24 In the Roman year beginning this day, Auletes was
acknowledged king by the Senate.
58 Feb. 14 He was driven out of Egypt after this day, which was
the beginning of a Roman year.
58 Oct. 21 Cleopatra Tryphaena and Berenice; 1 year.
57 Nov. 7 Berenice; 2 years with Cybiosactes and Archelaus.
55 May 2 Auletes had been re-established.
52 Nov. 12 Cleopatra with the elder Ptolemy; 4 years.
48 June 29 Battle of Pharsalia.
47 Feb. 6 Alexandria taken by Caesar; death of Ptolemy.
47 Oct. 18 Cleopatra with the younger Ptolemy.
44 Oct. 15 Cleopatra alone; 14 years.
31 Sept. 2 Battle of Actium.
Oct. 21 Last year of Cleopatra begins.
30 Aug. 1 Alexandria taken by Augustus: end of the Lagidae.
Mr. St. Martin being the latest chronologist, that has examined these
dates, I have thought it right to insert his table, which I suppose to
be correct in the principal part of its foundation, although I cannot
readily believe that he is right in attributing to the Ptolemies the
observance of the Macedonian year rather than of the Egyptian. He says
that in Egypt, as all the world knows, the years of the sovereigns were
reckoned from the first day of the year, in which they took the reins
of government: meaning by this the first day of the Macedonian year:
it appears, however, unquestionable from almost every inscription and
manuscript found in Egypt, which exhibits a date, that the Egyptian
months and years were employed almost exclusively in that country.
It happens, however, that about the time in question, the beginning
of these years did not vary very exorbitantly from each other: the
Egyptian year having begun in September, October, November or December:
and the Macedonian, according to Mr. St. Martin, in October or
November.
v. _Genealogy of the Ptolemies, from Champollion Figeac I, p. 231._
_Reigns._ _Names and _Reigned._ _Death._ _Wives._ _Children._
Descriptions._
I. SOTER. Son of 39y. 5m. Natural. 1.
Lagos and 2. [Arsinoe.]
Arsinoe, first 3. Eurydice, d. Ceraunus:
governor, then of Antipater. seized the
King. crown of
Macedonia.
4. Berenice Philadelphus:
died old. succeeded
him.
II. PHILADELPHUS. 37y. 11m. Natural. 1. Arsinoe Evergetes.
Son of Soter d. of Lysimachus,
and Berenice. and
of his sister.
2. Arsinoe, None.
her mother.
III. EVERGETES: 25y. Poisoned Berenice, Philopator.
Tryphon; son of by his son. daughter of Magas: put to
Philadelphus Magas. death by his
and Arsinoe. brother.
Arsinoe.
IV. PHILOPATOR: 16y. 5m. Natural. Arsinoe Epiphanes.
Gallus; son of his sister:
Evergetes and killed by her
Berenice. husband.
V. EPIPHANES. Son 24y. Poisoned. Cleopatra, d. Philometor.
of Philopator of the king of Cacergetes.
and Arsinoe. Syria, survived Cleopatra.
him 8y.
VI. PHILOMETOR. 11y.
Son of Epiphanes
and Cleopatra.
VII. EVERGETES II: 4y.
Physcon Cacergetes.
Philologus. [Eupator.]
Brother of
Philometor.
VIII. PHILOMETOR 2 y.
and EVERGETES.
IX. PHILOMETOR. 18 y. Fall from Cleopatra A son: killed
his horse. his sister. by his uncle.
Cleop. Cocce.
X. EVERGETES II. 29 y. Natural. 1. Cleopatra, Memphites
his brother’s killed by his
widow, father.
repudiated. Lathurus.
2. Cleopatra Alexander
Cocce, her Tryphaena:
daughter. married
Antiochus.
Cleopatra: m.
Lathurus, k.
by Tryph.
Selene: m.
Lathurus;
afterwards
Antiochus.
XI. SOTER II: 10 y. (Deposed.) 1. Cleopatra, Berenice.
Lathurus: Pothinus. his sister.
With Cleopatra repudiated.
Cocce, his mother. 2. Selene:
repudiated,
and given to
Antiochus.
3. A concubine. Auletes.
Another son,
who reigned in
Cyprus, and
killed himself.
Cleopatra.
XII. ALEXANDER. 17y. 6m. Killed Uncertain. Alexander II.
Parisactes; his in battle,
brother. With after A daughter:
Cleopatra Cocce. killing killed with
his mother. him.
XIII. SOTER II, again. 8y. Natural.
XIV. BERENICE, 6m. Killed by
daughter of Alexander II.
Soter.
XV. ALEXANDER II. “8y. 3m.” “Dies at Berenice;
Son of Alexander. [19 d.] Tyre.” whom he
killed.
XVI. NEUS DIONYSUS: “16y.” Cleopatra. Berenice.
Auletes. Natural Cleopatra.
son of Lathurus. Ptolemy: dr.
Ptolemy: pois.
Arsinoe, left
Egypt.
XVII. BERENICE, 2y. Killed
daughter of by her
Auletes. father.
XVIII. AULETES. 2y. Natural.
XIX. PTOLEMY the 3y. Drowned Cleopatra
elder and after his sister.
Cleopatra, a battle.
children of Auletes.
XX. PTOLEMY the 4y. 6m. Poisoned Cleopatra
younger and by his his sister.
Cleopatra. wife.
XXI. CLEOPATRA, 14y. 3m. Killed By Julius
alone. herself. Caesar. Caesarion.
By Antony. A son.
A son.
A daughter:
carried in
triumph by
Augustus.
vi. _Approximate dates of the various Reigns; according to Porphyry and
to the Medals._
B. C. Ptolemy Soter.
323 1
322 2
321 3
320 4
319 5
318 6
317 7
316 8
315 9
314 10
313 11
312 12
311 13
310 14
309 15
308 16
307 17
306 18
305 19
304 20
303 21
302 22
301 23
300 24
299 25
298 26
297 27
296 28
295 29
294 30
293 31
292 32
291 33
290 34
289 35
288 36
287 37
286 38
Soter and Philadelphus
285 39
284 40
Philadelphus
283 41
282 42
281 43
280 44
279 45
278 46
277 47
276 48
275 49
274 50
273 51
272 52
271 53
270 54
269 55
268 56
{57?
267 {19?
266 20
265 21
264 22
263 23
262 24
261 25
260 26
259 27
258 28
257 29
256 30
255 31
254 32
253 33
252 34
251 35
250 36
249 37
248 38
Evergetes.
247 1
246 2
245 3
244 4
243 5
242 6
241 7
240 8
239 9
238 11
237 10
236 12
235 13
234 14
233 15
232 16
231 17
230 18
229 19
228 20
227 21
226 22
225 23
224 24
223 25
Philopator.
222 1
221 2
220 3
219 4
218 5
217 6
216 7
215 8
214 9
213 10
212 11
211 12
210 13
209 14
Philopator and Epiphanes.
208 15
207 16
206 17
Epiphanes.
205 1
204 2
203 3
202 4
201 5
200 6
199 7
198 8
197 9
196 10
195 11
194 12
193 13
192 14
191 15
190 16
189 17
188 18
187 19
186 20
185 21
184 22
183 23
182 24
Philometor.
181 1
180 2
179 3
178 4
177 5
176 6
175 7
174 8
173 9
172 10
171 11
Philometor and Evergetes II.
170 12-1
169 13-2
168 14-3
167 15-4
166 16-5
165 17-6
Philometor.
164 18
163 19
162 20
161 21
160 22
159 23
158 24
157 25
156 26
155 27
154 28
153 29
152 30
151 31
150 32
149 33
148 34
147 35
146 36
Evergetes II.
146 25
145 26
144 27
143 28
142 29
141 30
140 31
139 32
138 33
137 34
136 35
135 36
134 37
133 38
132 39
131 40
130 41
129 42
128 43
127 44
126 45
125 46
124 47
123 48
122 49
121 50
120 51
119 52
118 53
117 54
Lathurus and Cleopatra.
117 1
116 2
115 3
114 4
113 5
112 6
111 7
110 8
109 9
108 10
Cleopatra and Alexander.
107 11-8
106 12-9
105 13-10
104 14-11
103 15-12
102 16-13
101 17-14
100 18-15
99 19-16
98 20-17
97 21-18
96 22-19
95 23-20
94 24-21
93 25-22
92 26-23
91 27-24
90 28-25
Alexander.
89 26
88 27
Lathurus.
88 30
87 31
86 32
85 33
84 34
83 35
82 36
81 37?
Berenice.
81 1
Alexander II.
81 1
Auletes.
81 1
80 2
79 3
78 4
77 5
76 6
75 7
74 8
73 9
72 10
71 11
70 12
69 13
68 14
67 15
66 16
65 17
64 18
63 19
62 20
61 21
60 22
59 23
58 24
Cleopatra and Berenice.
57 1
Berenice.
56 1
55 2
Auletes.
54 28
53 29
Cleopatra and Ptolemy.
52 1
51 2
50 3
49 4
Cleopatra and Ptolemy, jun.
48 5-1
47 6-2
46 7-3
45 8-4
44 9
43 10
42 11
41 12
40 13
39 14
38 15
37 16-1
36 17-2
35 18-3
34 19-4
33 20-5
32 21-6
31 22-7
OMISSION IN CHAPTER VI.
_Page 115. At the end, add._ To administer these rites, and to renew
these offerings, at least as often as could be required, was apparently
the duty of the priests, and they were no doubt amply remunerated for
their attentions, by the families of the deceased, in the form of the
“collections,” which are the objects of sale in Mr. Grey’s papyrus. The
deed was registered 19 days after its execution.
APPENDIX I.
I. GREEK PAPYRUS OF MR. GREY.
(1) ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦον συΝΓΡΑΦΗΣ ΑΙΓΥΠΤΙΑΣ περι νεκΡΩΝ εν ΘΥν̅. γενοΜΕΝΗΣ (2)
ΚΑΤΑΔ Υ...
(3) ΕΤΟΥΣ Λϛ αθυΡ|Κ̅ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΑ ΚΟΙΝΑ ΤΑΔΕ ΛΕΓΕΙ ΧΟΛΧΥΤΗΣ (4) ΤΩΝ Δουλων
ισιδος ΤΗΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΗΣ ΟΝΝΩΦΡΙΣ ΩΡΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΣ (5) ΣΕΝΠΟΗΡις ως ∟ Μ ΕΥΠΕΤΕΣΙΟΣ
ΜΕΓας μεΛΙΧΡΩΣ ΚΟΙΛΟΦΘΑΛΜΟΣ (6) ΑΝΑΦΑΛΑΝτος ΩΡΩΙ ΩΡΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΣΕΝΠΟΗΡΙΣ
ΗΥΔΟΚΗσΕ ΑΣΜΕ [νως?] (7) ΤΗΣ ΤΙΜης του ΗΜΙΣΟΥΣ ΤΟΥ ΤΡΙΤΟΥ της ΛΟΓΕΙΑΣ
ΤΩΝ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΩΝ (8) ΝΕΚΡΩΝ εν ΘΥΝΑΒΟΥΝΟΥΝ ΕΝ τηι ΛΙΒΥΗΙ ΤΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΘΗΒΑΣ
(9) ΕΝ ΤΟΙΣ ΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΙΟΙΣ ΟΜΟΙΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΗΜΙΣΟΥΣ ΤΟΥ ΤΡΙΤΟΥ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΩΝ
(10) ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΑΛΛΩΝ ΩΝ ΤΑ ΟΝΟΜΑΤΑ | ΜΟΥθΗΣ ΣΠΟΤΟΥΤΟΣ ΣΥΝ (11) ΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ
ΚΑΙ πΑΝΤΩΝ ΧΑΠΟΧΡΑΤΗΣ ΝΕΧΘΜΩΝΘΟΥ ΣΥΝ ΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ (12) ΚΑΙ ΠΑΝΤΩν αΡΣΙΗΣΙΣ
ΝΕΧΘΜΩΝΘΟΥ ΟΜΟΙΩΣ ΠΕΤΕΜΕΣΤΟΥΣ (13) ΝΕΧΘΜωνθου ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ ΑΡΣΙΗΣΙΣ ΖΜΙΝΙΟΣ
ΟΜΟΙΩΣ (14) ΟΣΟΡΟΗΡΙΣ ωρου οΜΟΙΩΣ ΣΠΟΤΟΥΣ ΧΑΠΟΧΩΝΣΙΟΣ ΩΣΑΥΤΩΣ (15)
ΖΩΓΛΥΦΟΣ ΑΦ ΩΝ ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΕΙ ΑΣΩΤΙ ΩΡΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΣΕΝΠΟΗΡΙΣ (16) ΤΩΙ ΝΕωτΕΡΟΥ
ΣΟΥ ΑΔΕΛΦΩΙ ΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΧΟΛΧΥΤωΝ ΤΟ ΗΜΙΣΥ (17) ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΕΙρηΜΕνΟΥ ΤΡΙΤΟΥ
ΜΕΡΟΥΣ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΡΠΕΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ (18) ΤΩΝ ΑΛΛΩν
αΠΕΔΟΤΟ ΑΥΤΩΙ ΕΝ ΤΩΙ λϛ .̅.̅ αθΥΡ ΕΠΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ (19) ΑΙΩΝΟΒιΟΥ εις
ΠΛΗΡΩΣΙΝ ΤΟΥ ΤΡΙΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΗΜΙΣΟΥΣ ΚΑΡΠΕΙΩΝ (20) ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΑΛΛΩν
νεΚΡΩΝ ΕΝ ΘΥ. ΠΑΤΕΥΤΗΜΕΙ ΣΥΝ ΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ ΚΑΙ (21) ΠΑΝΤΩΝ Και ηΜΙΣΟΥΣ
ΚΑΡΠΕΙΩΝ ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ ΜΟΙ ΕΝ ΤΟΙΣ (22) ΠΕΤΕΧΩνσΙΟΣ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΦΟΡΟΥ ΚΑΙ
ΤΟΠΟΥ ΑΣΙΗΤΟΣ ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ (23) ΦΡΕΚΑΓΗΣ ΣΥΝ ΤΩΝ ΕΝ ΑΥΤωι ΝΕΚΡΩΝ ΑΦ ΩΝ
ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΕΙ (24) ΤΩΙ ΑΥΤΩΙ ασΩΤΙ ΤΟ ΗΜΙΣΥ ΑΠΕΔΟΜΗΝ ΑΥΤΩΙ ΣΑ ΕΙΣΙΝ (25)
ΚΑΙ ΕΧΩ ΑΥτΩΝ ΠΑΡΑ ΣΟΥ ΤΗΝ ΤΙΜΗΝ ΚΟΥΘΕΝ ΣΟΙ ΕΓΚΑΛΩ (26) ΠΕΡΙ ΑΥΤΩΝ
αΠΟ ΤΗΣΗΜΕΡΟΝ ΕΑΝ ΔΕ ΤΙΣ ΣΟΙ ΕΠΕΛΘΗΙ (27) ΠΕΡΙ ΑΥΤΩΝ υΠΟΣΤΗΣΩ ΑΥΤΟΝ
ΕΑΝ ΔΕ ΜΗ ΑΠΟΣΤΗΣΩΙ (28) ΑΠΟΣΤΗΣΩ ΕΠΑΝΑΓΚΟΝ ΕΓΡΑΨΕΝ ΩΡΟΣ ΦΑΒΙΤΟΣ Ο
ΠΑΡΑ ΤΩΝ (29) ΙΕΡΕΙΩΝ του ΑμοΝΡΑΣΟΝΘΗΡ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΣΥΝΝΑΩΝ ΘΕΩΝ
ΜΟΝΟ(30)ΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΜαρτυΡΕΣ ΕΡΙΕΥΣ ΦΑΝΡΕΟΥΣ ΠΕΤΕΑΡΤΡΗΣ ΠΑΤΕΥΤΗΜΙΟΣ (31)
ΠΕΤΕΑΡΠΟΧΡΑΤΗΣ ωροΥ ΣΝΑΧΟΜΝΕΥΣ ΠΕΤΕΥΡΙΟΣ ΣΝΑΧΟΜΗΣ (32) ΨΕΝΧΩΝΣΙΟΣ
ΤΟΤΟΗΣ ΦΙΒΙΟΣ ΠΟΡΤΙΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΖΜΙΝΙΣ (33) ΠΕΤΕΜΕΣΤΟΥΤΟΣ ΠΕΤΕΥΤΗΜΙΣ
ΑΡΣΙΗΣΙΟΣ ΑΜΟΝΟΡΥΤΙΟΣ (34) ΠΑΚΗΜΙΟΣ ΩΡΟΣ ΧΙΜΝΑΡΑΥΤΟΣ ΑΡΜΗΝΙΣ ΖΘΕΝΑΗΤΙΟΣ
(35) ΜΑΗΣΙΣ ΜΙΡΣΙΟΣ ΑΝΤΙΜΑΧΟΣ ΑΝΤΙΓΕΝΟΥΣ ΠΕΤΟΦΩΙΣ ΦΙΒΙΟΣ (36) ΠΑΝΑΣ
ΠΕΤΟΣΙΡΙΟΣ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΣ Ιϛ
(37) ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΟΝ ΠΤΩΜΑΤΟΣ/ ΕΤΟΥΣ Λϛ ΧΟΙΑΧ θ̅̅ τ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΔΙΟΣ𝄐 (38)
ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑΝ ΕΦ ΗΣ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΣ Κ ΕΓΚ ΚΑΤΑ ΔΙΑΓΡΑΦηΝ ΑΣΚΛΗΠΙΑΔΟΥ (19) ΚΑΙ
ΖΜΙΝΙΟΣ ΤΕΛΩΝΩΝ ΕΦ ΗΝ ΥΠΟΓΡ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΣ ΑΝΤΙΓΡ ΩΡΟΣ ΩΡΟΥ (40) ΧΟΛΧΥΤΗΣ
ο π. ΤΩΝ ΛΟΓΕΙΟΜΕΝΩΝ Δι αυΤΩΝ ΧΑΡΙΝ ΤΩΝ ΚΕΙΜΕΝΩΝ (41) ΝΕΚΡΩΝ ΕΝ
ΘΥΝΑΒΟΥΝΟΥΝ ΕΝ ΤΟΙΣ ΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΙΟΙΣ ΤΗΣ λΙβυΗΣ (42) Της ΠΕΡΙΘ̅ ΤΑΦΟΙΣ ΑΝΘ
ΗΣ ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΑΙ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ Α ΕΩΝΗΣΑΤΟ (43) ΠΑΡΑ ΟΝΝΩΦΡΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΩΡΟΥ ΧΑΛΚοΥ
ΖΓ Τ̅ Τ,Τ
(44) ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧ . ΥΓΡ̅
II. PAPYRUS OF ANASTASY AND BÖCKH.
(1) ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΩΝ ΚΛΕΟΠΑΤΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙοΥ ΥΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΕΠΙΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥ
ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΘΕΩΝ ΦΙΛΟΜΗΤΟΡΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡΩΝ ΕΤΟΥΣ ΙΒ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ Θ ΕΦ ΙΕΡΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ
ΟΝΤΟΣ (2) ΕΝ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΙ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΝ ΣΩΤΗΡΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΝ ΑΔΕΛΦΩΝ
ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΝ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΝ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΝ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΟΥ (3)
ΦΙΛΟΜΗΤΟΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΟΥ ΕΥΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΝ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΩΝ ΑΘΛΟΦΟΡΟΥ ΒΕΡΕΝΙΚΗΣ
ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΙΔΟΣ ΚΑΝΗΦΟΡΟΥ ΑΡΣΙΝΟΗΣ ΦΙΛΑΔΕΛΦΟΥ ΚΑΙ [ΙΕΡΕΙ]ΑΣ ΑΡΣΙΝΟΗΣ (4)
ΕΥΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΟΝΤΩΝ ΕΝ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΙ ΕΝ ΔΕ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΔΙ ΤΗΣ ΘΗΒΑΙΔΟΣ ΕΦ
ΙΕΡΕΩΝ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΜΕΝ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΟΝΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΟΥΣΩΝ (5) ΕΝ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΔΙ
ΜΗΝΟΣ ΤΥΒΙ Κ̅Θ̅ ΕΠ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΗΙ ΑΓΟΡΑΝΟΜΙΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΜΕ̅ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ
ΚΑΤΩ ΤΟΠΑΡΧΙΑΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΘΥΡΙΤΟΥ (6) ΑΠΕΔΟΤΟ ΠΑΜΩΝΘΗΣ ΩΣ ∟ ΜΕ ΜΕΣΟΣ
ΜΕΛΑΝΧΡΩΣ ΚΑΛΟΣ ΤΟ ΣΩΜΑ ΦΑΛΑΚΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΣ ΕΥΘΥΡΙΝ ΚΑΙ
ΣΝΑΧΟΜΝΕΥΣ ΩΣ ∟ Κ ΜΕΣΟΣ ΜΕΛΙΧΡΩΣ (7) ΚΑΙ ΟΥΤΟΣ ΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΣ
ΕΥΘΥΡΙΝ ΚΑΙ ΣΕΜΜΟΥΘΙΣ ΠΕΡΣΙΝΗΙ ΩΣ ∟ ΚΒ ΜΕΣΗΙ ΜΕΛΙΧΡΩΣ ΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΣ
ΕΝΣΙΜΟΣ ΗΣΥΧΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΑΘΛΥΤ (8) ΠΕΡΣΙΝΗΙ ΩΣ ∟ Λ ΜΕΣΗΙ ΜΕΛΙΧΡΩΣ
ΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΣ ΕΥΘΥΡΙΝ ΜΕΤΑ ΚΥΡΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΕΑΥΤΩΝ ΠΑΜΩΝΘΟΥ ΤΟΥ
ΣΥΝΑΠΟΔΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΟΙ ΤΕΣΣΑΡΕΣ (9) ΤΩΝ ΠΕΤΕΨΑΙΤΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΚ ΤΩΝ ΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΙΩΝ
ΣΚΥΤΕΩΝ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥ ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣ ΑΥΤΟΙΣ ΕΝ ΤΩΙ ΑΠΟ ΝΟΤΟΥ ΜΕΡΕΙ ΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΩΝ
ΠΛΑΚΟ“Υ”Σ (10) ΨΙΛΟΥ ΤΟΠΟΥ ΠΗΧΕΙΣ ΕΝ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΟΝ Η ΓΕΙΤΟΝΕΣ ΝΟΤΟΥ ΡΥΜΗ
ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΗ ΒΟΡΡΑ ΚΑΙ ΑΠΗΛΙΩΤΟΥ ΠΑΜΩΝΘΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΒΟΚΟΝΣΙΗΜΙΟΣ ΑΔΕΛΦΟΣ (11) ΚΑΙ
ΚΟΙΝΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΩΣ [or ΤΟΙΧΟΣ] ΛΙΒΟΣ ΟΙΚΙΑ ΤΑΓΗΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΧΑΛΟΜΗ ΡΕΟΥΣΗΣ
ΑΝΑ ΜΕΣΟΝ ΔΙ̅ ΦΕρΟΥΣΗΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥ ΠΟ̅ ΓΕΙΤΟΝΕΣ ΠΑΝΤΟΘΕΝ ΕΠΡΙΑΤΟ ΝΕΧΟΥΤΗΣ
ΜΙΚΡΟΣ (12) ΑΣΩΤΟΣ ΩΣ ∟ Μ ΜΕΣΟΣ ΜΕΛΙΧΡΩΣ ΤΕΡΠΝΟΣ ΜΑΚΡΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΣ ΕΥΘΥΡΙΝ
ΟΥΑΗ ΜΕΤΩΠΩΙ ΜΕΣΩΙ ΧΑΛΚΟΥ ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑΤΟΣ Χ̅Α̅ ΠΡΟΠΩΛΗΤΑΙ ΚΑΙ (13) ΒΕΒΑΙΩΤΑΙ
ΤΩΝ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΩΝΗΝ ΤΑΥΤΗΝ ΟΙ ΑΠΟΔΟΜΕΝΟΙ ΕΝΕΔΕΞΑΤΟ ΝΕΧΟΥΤΗΣ Ο ΠΡΙΑΜΕΝΟΣ .
ΑΠΟΛ . Κ . Αγ̅ρ̅ .
L. 9. ΠΛΑΚΟΥΣ for ΠΛΑΚΟΣ. L. 10. ΑΔΕΛΦΟΣ seems inserted
parenthetically. L. 11. ΔΙ for ΔΙΩΡΥΓΟΣ. L. 13. Possibly Ο ΕΔΕΞΑΤΟ,
but not ΟΝ. L. 14. The signature somewhat resembles the Κʹ ΕΓΚυ,
which occurs in almost all the registers; but from the interpretation
of that contraction, afforded by the Parisian manuscript, it would
be unapplicable here; and these characters may probably be part of
κατ’ ἀγοράν. The term λόγεια, or λογία, of the former manuscript,
was afterwards applied to the collections made for the poor, in the
Christian Churches.
III. VARIOUS REGISTRIES COMPARED.
1. GREY. A. ΕΤΟΥΣ ΚΗ ΜΕΣΟΡΗ ΚΗ̅
2. B. ΕΤΟΥΣ ΚΘ ΦΑΜ^ε Θ̅
3. C. ΕΤΟΥΣ ΛΕ ΦΑΡΜΟ^υ Κ̅
4. PARIS. ENCH. ΕΤΟΥΣ Λϛ ΧΟΙΑΧ Θ̅
5. GREY ANT. ΕΤΟΥΣ Λϛ ΧΟΙΑΧ Θ̅
6. ANASTASY. ΕΤΟΥΣ ΙΒ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ Θ ΦΑΡΜΟΥΘΙ Κ̅
1. ΓΕΓ̅ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΕΡΜΩ2ΕΙ
2. ΓΕΓ̅ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΕΡΜ^ω
3. ΤΕΤ̅ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΔΙΟΣ𝄐 ΤΗΙ Μ^ε
4. ΤΕΤΑΚΤΑΙ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΔΙΟΣΠΟΛΕΙ ΤΗΙ ΜΕΓΑΛΗΙ
5. Τ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΔΙΟΣ𝄐
6. ... ΕΠΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΝ ΕΡ̅2
υ
1. ΤΡ̅ ΕΦ ΗΣ ΔΙΌ Κ́ ΕΓΚ
υ
2. ΤΡ̅ ΕΦ ΗΣ ΔΙΟΝ̅ Κ́ ΕΓΚ
3. ΤΡ̅ ΕΦ ΗΣ ΛΥΣΙΜ
4. ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑΝ ΕΦ ΗΣ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΣ ΕΙΚΟΣΤΗΣ ΕΓΚΥΚΛΙΟΥ
υ
5. ΤΡΑΠΕΖΑΝ ΕΦ ΗΣ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΣ Κ́ ΕΓΚ
υ υ
6. ΤΡ̅ ΕΦ ΗΣ ΔΙΟΝ Κ̅ ΕΓΚ
1. ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡ ΑΣΚΛ^Η
2. ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡ ΑΣΚΛ̅ ΚΑΙ ΚΡΑΤΟΥ
3. ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΑ ΣΑΡΑΠΙΩΝΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΜΕΤΟΧΩΝ
4. ΚΑΤΑ ΔΙΑΓΡΑΦΗΝ ΑΣΚΛΗΠΙΑΔΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΖΜΙΝΙΟΣ
5. ΚΑΤΑ ΔΙΑΓΡΑΦηΝ ΑΣΚΛΗΠΙΑΔΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΖΜΙΝΙΟΣ
ω
6. ΚΑΤΑ ΔΙΑΓΡ̅ μετοχ
1. ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΗΙ ΩΝΗΙ ΔΙΑΓΡ̅ ΥΦ ΗΝ ΥΠΟΓΡ ΠΤΟΛ^ε
2. ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΗΙ ΩΝΗ ΔΙΑΓΡ̅ ΥΦ ΗΝ ΥΠΟΓΡ̅ Π̅ΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΣ
3. ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΗΙ ΩΝΗΙ ΔΙΑΓΡ̅ ΥΦ ΗΝ ΥΠΟΓΡ̅ ΕΡΜΟΦΙΛΟΣ
4. ΤΕΛΩΝΩΝ ΥΦ ΗΝ ΥΠΟΓΡ̅ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΣ
5. ΤΕΛΩΝΩΝ ΥΦ ΗΝ ΥΠΟΓΡ̅ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΣ
λ
6. ΤΕ ΥΦ ΗΝ ΥΠΟΓΡ̅ ΗΡ̅ΚΛΕΙΔΗΣ
1. ΑΝΤΙΓΡ̅ ΩΝΗΣ ΤΕΕΦΒΙΣ ΑΜΕΝ^ω
2. Ο ΑΝΤΙΓΡ̅ ΑΣΥΣ ΩΡΟΥ ΩΝΗΣ
3. ΚΑΙ ΣΑΡ̅ ΟΙ ΑΝΤΙΓΡ̅ ΩΝΗΣ ΠΕΧΥΤΗΣ ΑΡΣΙΗΣΙΟΣ
4. Ο ΑΝΤΙΓΡ̅ ασωΣ ΩΡΟΥ ΧΟΛΧΥΤΟΥ
5. ΑΝΤΙΓΡ̅ ΩΡΟΣ ΩΡΟΥ ΧοΛΧΥΤΗΣ
6. Ο ΑΝΤΙΓΡ̅ ΤΗ̂ ΩΝΗΣ ΝΕΧΟΥΤΗΣ ΜΙΚΡΟΣ ΑΣΩΤΟΣ
ο ο
1. ΤΧΧ | ΑΠΟ Π́^2 ⊥ Ζ̑ ΑΠΟ Ν ΤΟΥ ΟΛΟΥ ΨΙΛΟΥ Τ
ο
2. ΨΙΛΟΥ Τ Β̑_
ο
3. Δ´ ΜΕΡΟΥΣ ΨΙΛΟΥ Τ Γ̑ ∠
4. ΕΝ Η: ΤΩΝ ΛΟΓΕΙΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΔΙ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΧΑΡΙΝ ΤΩΝ
5. εΝ η. ΤΩΝ ΛΟΓΕΙΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΔΙ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΧΑΡΙΝ ΤΩΝ
6. ΨΙΛΟΝ ΤΟΠΟΝ Η̑ ΕΝ ΤΕΤΑΡΤον
1. ΤΟΥ ΟΝΤΟΣ ΑΠΟ ΝΟΤΟΥ ΔΙΟΣ𝄐 ΤΗΣ Μ^ε
ο
2. ΤΟΥ ΟΝΤΟΣ ΑΠΟ Ν ΔΙΟΣ𝄐 ΤΗΣ Μ^ε
ο
3. ΕΝ ΤΩΙ ΑΠΟ Ν Μ^ε ΔΙΟΣ𝄐 ΤΗΣ Μ ΑΠΟ ΛΙΒΟΣ
4. ΚΕΙΜΕΝΩΝ ΝΕΚΡΩΝ ΕΝ ΟΙΣ ΕΧΟΥΣΙΝ ΕΝ ΤΟΙΣ
5. ΚΕΙΜΕΝΩΝ ΝΕΚΡΩΝ ΕΝ ΘΥΝΑΒΟΥΝΟΥΝ ΕΝ ΤΟΙΣ
6. ΕΝ ΤΩΙ ΑΠΟ ΝΟΤΟΥ ΜΕΡΕΙ ΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΩΝ
3. ΤΟΥ ωΡ^ο ΤΟΥ ΗΡ ΤΟΥ ΑΓΟΝΤΟΣ ΕΠΙ ΠΟΤ̅
4. ΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΙΟΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΛΙΒΥΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΘΗΒαΣ ΤΑΦΟΙΣ
5. ΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΙΟΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΛΙβυΗΣ Του ΠΕΡΙΘ̅ ΤΑΦΟΙΣ
1. ΩΝ ΑΙ ΓΕΙΤΝΙΑΙ ΔΕΔ ΔΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΚ^ε ΣΥΝΓΡ
ο
2. ΟΥ ΑΙ ΓΕΙΤΝΙΑΙ ΔΕΔ ΔΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΡ ΣΥΝΓΡ̅
3. ΟΥ ΑΙ ΓΕΙΤΝΙΑΙ ΔΕΔ ΔΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΚΕΙΜΕ ΣΥΝΓΡ̅
4. ΑΝΘ ΗΣ ΠΟΙΕΙΤΑΙ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ
5. ΑΝΘ ΗΣ ΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΑΙ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ
1. ΟΝ ΗΓΟΡ̅ ΠΑΡ ΑΛΗΚΙΟΣ ΚΑΙ
ο
2. Ον ΗΓ ΠΑΡ ΑΛΗΚΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΚΑΙ
3. ΟΝ ΗΓΟΡΑΣΕΝ ΠΑΡ ΑΜΜΩΝΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΠΥΡΡΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ
4. Α ΕΩΝ^η ΠΑΡ ΟΝΝΩΦΡΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΩΡΟΥ
5. Α ΕΩΝΗΣΑΤΟ ΠΑΡΑ ΟΝΝΩΦΡΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΩΡΟΥ
6. ΟΝ ΕΩΝΗΘΗ ΠΑΡ̅ ΠΑΜΩΝΘΗΣΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ
1. ΛΟΥΒΑΙΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΒΑΙΑΙΤΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΚΑΙ
2. ΛΟΥΒΑΙΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΒΑΙΑΙΤΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΚΑΙ
3. ΨΕΝΑΜΟΥΝΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΥΡΡΙΟΥ
6. ΣΝΑΧΟΜΝΕΩΣ ΤΩΝ ΠΕΤΕΨΑΙΤΟΣ ΣΥΝ ΤΑΙΣ ΑΔΕΛΦΑΙΣ
1. ΣΕΝΕΡΙΕΥΤΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΤΕΝΕΦΩΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ
2. ΣΕΝΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΤΕΝΕΦΩΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ
1. ΑΜΕΝΩΘΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΣΕΝΟΣΟΡΦΙΒΙΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΜΕΝΩΘΟΥ
2. ΑΜΕΝΩΘΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΣΕΝΟΣΟΡΦΙΒΙΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΜΕΝΩΘΟΥ
1. ΚΑΙ ΣΠΟΙΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΕΝΩΘΟΥ
2. ΚΑΙ ΣΠΟΙΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΡΙΕΩΣ ΤΟΥ ΑΜΕΝΩΘΟΥ
1. ΕΝ ΤΩΙ ΚΗ ΠΑΧΩΝ|Κ̅
4. ΕΝΤΩΙ Λϛ ∟ ΑΘΥΡ Κης
1. Χ̅Χ̅ τελος
2. χ̅ χ̅ α δ τελος
ς
3. ΧΑλκ ΓιΒ Τ
4. ΣΥΙΝΕΤΡΑΠΗΣΘΗΙ ΧΑΛΚΟΥ ¿ΧΣ? ΤΕΛΟΣ
5. ΧΑΛΚΟΥ ΖΓ Τ̅
6. Χ̅ Ζ α
1. της δ Ρ | Ρ ΔΙΟΝ Υ̅Ρ̅
2. ου ακ̅ Φ ΔΙΟΝ^υ ΥΡ
3. ου Λ̂ R / R ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧ ΥΓ̅Ρ̅
ε
4. ΕΝΑΚοιΟΥΣ | Ι̂ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΣ Υγρ
5. Τ | Τ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧ ΥΓΡ̅
6. η̂ = χ Δ ΥΓΡ̅
|
APPENDIX II.
SPECIMENS OF HIEROGLYPHICS:
_From the Article_ EGYPT.
[Illustration: 1. GOD; _powerful_]
[Illustration: 2. GOD; _judge_]
[Illustration: 3. GODDESS]
[Illustration: 4. GODS]
[Illustration: 5. AGATHODAEMON]
[Illustration: 6. PHTHAH]
[Illustration: 7. AMMON]
[Illustration: 8. PHRE]
[Illustration: 9. RHEA]
[Illustration: 10. IOH]
[Illustration: 11. THOTH]
[Illustration: 12. OSIRIS]
[Illustration: 13. ARUERIS]
[Illustration: 14. ISIS]
[Illustration: 15. NEPHTHE]
[Illustration: 16. BUTO]
[Illustration: 17. HORUS]
[Illustration: 20. APIS]
[Illustration: 22. Hyperion]
[Illustration: 23. Cteristes [or Cerberus]]
[Illustration: 24. TETRARCHA]
[Illustration: 25. ANUBIS]
[Illustration: 26. MACEDO]
[Illustration: 27. Hieracion]
[Illustration: 28. Cerexochus]
[Illustration: 30. Platypterus]
[Illustration: 38. MEMNON]
[Illustration: 50. PSAMMIS]
[Illustration: 52. AMASIS]
[Illustration: 57. SOTERES]
[Illustration: 72. Ramuneus]
[Illustration: 80. EGYPT]
[Illustration: 81. MEMPHIS]
[Illustration: 83. GREEK]
[Illustration: 84. COUNTRY]
[Illustration: 85. LAND]
[Illustration: 87. TEMPLE]
[Illustration: 88. SHRINE]
[Illustration: 91. COLUMN]
[Illustration: 92. DIADEM]
[Illustration: 100. TEAR]
[Illustration: 101. IMAGE]
[Illustration: 102. STATUE]
[Illustration: 103. LETTERS]
[Illustration: 108. LIFE]
[Illustration: 109. ETERNITY]
[Illustration: 110. IMMORTAL]
[Illustration: 111. JOY]
[Illustration: 112. POWER]
[Illustration: 113. STABILITY]
[Illustration: 114. ESTABLISHED]
[Illustration: 116. MIGHTY]
[Illustration: 117. VICTORY]
[Illustration: 118. FORTUNE]
[Illustration: 119. SPLENDOUR]
[Illustration: 120. BEARING]
[Illustration: 121. ILLUSTRIOUS]
[Illustration: 122. HONOUR]
[Illustration: 123. RESPECTABLE]
[Illustration: 125. RITE]
[Illustration: 126. WORSHIP]
[Illustration: 127. FATHER]
[Illustration: 129. SON]
[Illustration: 133. CHILD]
[Illustration: (128.) [WIFE]]
[Illustration: [BROTHER; SISTER]]
[Illustration: 134. DIRECTOR]
[Illustration: 135. STEERSMAN]
[Illustration: 137. KING]
[Illustration: 138. CONDITION]
[Illustration: 139. KINGDOM]
[Illustration: 140. LIBATION]
[Illustration: 142. PRIEST]
[Illustration: 143. PRIESTHOOD]
[Illustration: 145. ASSEMBLY]
[Illustration: 146. SACRED]
[Illustration: 147. CONSECRATED]
[Illustration: 148. GIVE]
[Illustration: 149. OFFER]
[Illustration: 151. LAWFUL]
[Illustration: 152. GOOD]
[Illustration: 153. BESTOWING]
[Illustration: 154. MUNIFICENT]
[Illustration: 155. UPPER; LOWER]
[Illustration: 156. OTHERS]
[Illustration: 160. ENLIGHTENING]
[Illustration: 162. LOVING]
[Illustration: 164. SET UP]
[Illustration: 165. PREPARE]
[Illustration: 166. IN ORDER THAT]
[Illustration: 167. WHEREVER]
[Illustration: 168. AND }
169. ALSO, WITH } ]
[Illustration: 170. MOREOVER]
[Illustration: 171. LIKEWISE]
[Illustration: 172. IN]
[Illustration: 173. UPON, AT]
[Illustration: 174. OVER, ON]
[Illustration: 175. FOR]
[Illustration: 176. BY THE]
[Illustration: 177. OF, TO]
[Illustration: 178. DAY]
[Illustration: 179. MONTH]
[Illustration: 180. YEAR]
[Illustration: 181. THOYTH]
[Illustration: 182. MECHIR]
[Illustration: 183. MESORE]
[Illustration: 184. FIRST DAY]
[Illustration: 185. THIRTIETH]
[Illustration: 186. ONE]
[Illustration: 187. FIRST]
[Illustration: 188. TWO]
[Illustration: 192. THRICE]
[Illustration: 197. TEN]
[Illustration: 200. FORTY TWO]
[Illustration: 201. A HUNDRED]
[Illustration: 202. A THOUSAND]
Transcriber’s Notes
Obvious punctuation errors have been silently corrected. All other
spelling and punctuation remains unchanged, except as noted below:
Page 4 & 15 - corrected “Déscription de l’Egypte” to
“Description de l’Égypte”.
Page 29 - corrected “hyothetical” to “hypothetical”.
Page 67 - corrected “in in the sale” to “in the sale”
Page 92 - corrected “Lacedaemonins” to “Lacedaemonians”.
Page 113 - corrected “there” to “their”.
Page 143 - corrected “179” to “119”.
Page 147 - ΑΛΕΧΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΙ ΑΛΕΞΑΝ ΔΡΟΥ is believed to be a typo, and has
been corrected to ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΙΑΙ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ
The omission noted on page 144 has been corrected by adding the
indicated paragraph to page 115.
Italics are represented thus _italic_, superscripts thus y^n,
subscripts as y_{n}.