And still increase the woes so soon begun?
Inured to sorrow from my tender years,
My parent's ashes drank my early tears:
My brother next, neglecting wealth and fame,
Ignobly burned in a destructive flame:
An infant daughter late my griefs increased,
And all a mother's cares distract my breast.
Alas, what more could Fate itself impose,
But thee, the last and greatest of my woes?
No more my robes in waving purple flow,
Nor on my hand the sparkling diamonds glow;
No more my locks in ringlets curled diffuse
The costly sweetness of Arabian dews;
Nor braids of gold the varied tresses bind
That fly disordered with the wanton wind.
For whom should Sappho use such arts as these?
He's gone whom only she desired to please!
Cupid's light darts my tender bosom move;
Still is there cause for Sappho still to love;
So from my birth the Sisters fixed my doom,
And gave to Venus all my life to come:
Or, while my Muse in melting notes complains,
My yielding heart keeps measure to my strains.
By charms like thine, which all my soul have won,
Who might not--ah, who would not be undone?
For those, Aurora Cephalus might scorn,
And with fresh blushes paint the conscious morn:
For those, might Cynthia lengthen Phaon's sleep,
And bid Endymion nightly tend his sheep:
Venus for those had rapt thee to the skies,
But Mars on thee might look with Venus' eyes.
O scarce a youth, yet scarce a tender boy!
O useful time for lovers to employ!
Pride of thy age, and glory of thy race,
Come to these arms and melt in this embrace!
The vows you never will return, receive;
And take at least the love you will not give.
See, while I write, my words are lost in tears:
The less my sense, the more my love appears.
Sure 'twas not much to bid one kind adieu:
At least, to feign was never hard to you.
'Farewell, my Lesbian love,' you might have said;
Or coldly thus, 'Farewell, O Lesbian maid.'
No tear did you, no parting kiss receive,
Nor knew I then how much I was to grieve.
No lover's gift your Sappho could confer;
And wrongs and woes were all you left with her.
No charge I gave you, and no charge could give
But this--'Be mindful of our loves, and live.'
Now by the Nine, those powers adored by me,
And Love, the god that ever waits on thee;--
When first I heard (from whom I hardly knew)
That you were fled and all my joys with you,
Like some sad statue, speechless, pale I stood;
Grief chilled my breast and stopt my freezing blood;
No sigh to rise, no tear had power to flow,
Fixed in a stupid lethargy of woe.
But when its way the impetuous passion found,
I rend my tresses and my breasts I wound;
I rave, then weep; I curse, and then complain;
Now swell to rage, now melt in tears again.
Not fiercer pangs distract the mournful dame
Whose first-born infant feeds the funeral flame.
My scornful brother with a smile appears,
Insults my woes, and triumphs in my tears;
His hated image ever haunts my eyes;--
'And why this grief? thy daughter lives,' he cries.
Stung with my love and furious with despair,
All torn my garments and my bosom bare,
My woes, thy crimes, I to the world proclaim;
Such inconsistent things are love and shame.
'Tis thou art all my care and my delight,
My daily longing and my dream by night.--
O night, more pleasing than the brightest day,
When fancy gives what absence takes away,
And, dressed in all its visionary charms,
Restores my fair deserter to my arms!
Then round your neck in wanton wreath I twine;
Then you, methinks, as fondly circle mine:
A thousand tender words I hear and speak;
A thousand melting kisses give and take:
Then fiercer joys; I blush to mention these,
Yet, while I blush, confess how much they please.
But when with day the sweet delusions fly,
And all things wake to life and joy, but I;
As if once more forsaken, I complain,
And close my eyes to dream of you again:
Then frantic rise; and, like some fury, rove
Through lonely plains, and through the silent grove,
As if the silent grove and lonely plains,
That knew my pleasures, could relieve my pains.
I view the grotto, once the scene of love,
The rocks around, the hanging roofs above,
That charmed me more, with native moss o'ergrown,
Than Phrygian marble or the Parian stone:
I find the shades that veiled our joys before;
But, Phaon gone, those shades delight no more.
Here the pressed herbs with bending tops betray
Where oft entwined in amorous folds we lay;
I kiss that earth which once was pressed by you,
And all with tears the withering herbs bedew.
For thee the fading trees appear to mourn,
And birds defer their song till thy return:
Night shades the groves, and all in silence lie,--
All but the mournful Philomel and I:
With mournful Philomel I join my strain;
Of Tereus she, of Phaon I complain.
A spring there is whose silver waters show,
Clear as a glass, the shining sands below:
A flowery lotus spreads its arms above,
Shades all the banks and seems itself a grove;
Eternal greens the mossy margin grace,
Watched by the sylvan genius of the place:
Here as I lay, and swelled with tears the flood
Before my sight a watery virgin stood:
She stood and cried,--'O you that love in vain,
Fly hence and seek the fair Leucadian main:
There stands a rock from whose impending steep
Apollo's fane surveys the rolling deep;
There injured lovers, leaping from above,
Their flames extinguish and forget to love.
Deucalion once with hopeless fury burned;
In vain he loved, relentless Pyrrha scorned.
But when from hence he plunged into the main,
Deucalion scorned, and Pyrrha loved in vain.
Haste, Sappho, haste, from high Leucadia throw
Thy wretched weight, nor dread the deeps below.'
She spoke, and vanished with the voice: I rise,
And silent tears fall trickling from my eyes.
I go, ye nymphs, those rocks and seas to prove:
How much I fear, but ah, how much I love!
I go, ye nymphs, where furious love inspires;
Let female fears submit to female fires:
To rocks and seas I fly from Phaon's hate,
And hope from seas and rocks a milder fate.
Ye gentle gales, beneath my body blow,
And softly lay me on the waves below.
And thou, kind Love, my sinking limbs sustain,
Spread thy soft wings and waft me o'er the main,
Nor let a lover's death the guiltless flood profane.
On Phoebus' shrine my harp I'll then bestow,
And this inscription shall be placed below:--
'Here she who sung, to him that did inspire,
Sappho to Phoebus consecrates her lyre:
What suits with Sappho, Phoebus, suits with thee;
The gift, the giver, and the god agree.'
But why, alas, relentless youth, ah, why
To distant seas must tender Sappho fly?
Thy charms than those may far more powerful be,
And Phoebus' self is less a god to me.
Ah, canst thou doom me to the rocks and sea,
O far more faithless and more hard than they?
Ah, canst thou rather see this tender breast
Dashed on these rocks that to thy bosom pressed?
This breast, which once, in vain! you liked so well;
Where the Loves played, and where the Muses dwell.
Alas, the Muses now no more inspire:
Untuned my lute, and silent is my lyre:
My languid numbers have forgot to flow,
And fancy sinks beneath the weight of woe.
Ye Lesbian virgins and ye Lesbian dames,
Themes of my verse and objects of my flames,
No more your groves with my glad songs shall ring;
No more these hands shall touch the trembling string:
My Phaon's fled, and I those arts resign:
(Wretch that I am, to call that Phaon mine!)
Return, fair youth, return, and bring along
Joy to my soul and vigour to my song.
Absent from thee, the poet's flame expires;
But ah, how fiercely burn the lover's fires!
Gods, can no prayers, no sighs, no numbers move
One savage heart, or teach it how to love?
The winds my prayers, my sighs, my numbers bear;
The flying winds have lost them all in air.
Or when, alas, shall more auspicious gales
To these fond eyes restore thy welcome sails?
If you return, ah, why these long delays?
Poor Sappho dies while careless Phaon stays.
O launch the bark, nor fear the watery plain:
Venus for thee shall smooth her native main.
O launch thy bark, secure of prosperous gales:
Cupid for thee shall spread the swelling sails.
If you will fly--(yet ah, what cause can be,
Too cruel youth, that you should fly from me?)
If not from Phaon I must hope for ease,
Ah, let me seek it from the raging seas:
To raging seas unpitied I'll remove;
And either cease to live or cease to love.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following list comprises most of the books and articles in Sapphic
literature which I have consulted. I have added a few to which I have had
reference, but which I have not succeeded in seeing: many of them are mere
curiosities. I could have still further extended the bibliography, if I had
taken more on trust. I have not generally thought it necessary to quote
well-known histories of Greece and Greek literature, nor such translations
as throw no light upon her beyond what this list contains.
ADDISON, JOHN: The Works of Anacreon translated into English Verse; with
Notes explanatory and poetical. To which are added the Odes, Fragments,
and Epigrams of Sappho. With the original Greek placed opposite to the
Translation. 8vo, London, 1735.
ADDISON, JOSEPH: Spectator, No. 223, Nov. 15, 1711 and No. 233, Nov. 27,
1711.
AHRENS, HEINRICH LUDOLF: De Graecae Linguae Dialectis, Sapphus fragmenta,
pp. 256-274 of Lib. I. 8vo, Göttingen, 1839.
AHRENS, HEINRICH LUDOLF: Conjecturen in Alcäus und Sappho, Rheinisches
Museum, 1842, pp. 388-401.
Anacreontis Carmina, cum Sapphonis et Alcaei fragmentis. Glasgow, 1744,
1757, 1761 and 1783.
Anacreontis et Sapphonis Carmina. Cum virorum doctorum notis et
emendationibus, in usum juventutis Academiae Salfordiensis, Com.
Lancastriae. 8vo, London, 1754.
ANDREAS, ELIAS: Anacreontis Teii antiquissimi poëtae Lyrici Odae, ab
Helia Andrea Latinae factae. 16mo, Lutetiae, 1556.
ANDREAS, ELIAS: Anacreontis, Sapphus, et Erinnae Carmina interpretibus
Henrico Stephano et Elia Andrea. 64mo, Edinburgh, 1766.
ARNOLD, DR. BERNHARD: Sappho. Vortrag, gehalten zu München am 25. März
1870. Aus Sammlung gemeinverständlicher Vorträge herausg. v. Rud. Virchow
und Fr. von Holtzendorff. Berlin, 1871.
ARNOLD, EDWIN, M.A., C.S.I.: The Poets of Greece [pp. 105-118]. 8vo,
London, 1869.
BAXTER, WILLIAM: see Vossius, Isaac (1695).
BAXTER, WILLIAM: Anacreontis Teii Carmina Graece e Recensione Guilielmi
Baxteri cum ejusdem Henr. item Stephani atque Tanegvidi Fabri notis
accesserunt duo Sapphus Odaria [pp. 167-172; 249-254] et Theocriti
Anacreonticum in mortuum Adonin. Iterum edidit varietatemque lectionibus
cum suis animadversionibus et Anacreontis fragmenta adjecit Joh. Frider.
Fischerus. 8vo, Leipzig, 1776.
BEAU, GABRIEL: La Grèce Poétique. Anacréon--Sappho [pp.
81-97]--Bion--Moschus--Théocrite. 12mo, Paris, 1884.
BENTLEY, RICHARD, D.D.: in Graevius' Callimachi Fragmenta, 8vo, Utrecht,
1697, ad. fr. 417, de Sapphus fragm. 118.
BERGK, THEODOR: De aliquot fragmentis Sapphonis et Alcaei. Rheinisches
Museum für Philologie, 8vo, Bonn, 1835, pp. 209-231.
BERGK, THEODOR: Anthologia Lyrica. 8vo, Leipzig, 1854, pp. 261-273 (text
only).
BERGK, THEODOR: Poetae Lyrici Graeci, ed. 4, vol. 3, pp. 82-140. 8vo,
Leipzig, 1882.
Bibliothèque Universelle des Dames; _alias_ Bibliothèque de
Mesdemoiselles Eulalie, Félicité, Sophie, Emilie De Marcilly. Mélanges.
Tom. viii. pp. 95-130. 24mo, Paris, 1787.
BLAND, REV. ROBERT: see Merivale, J. H.
BLASS, FRIEDRICH, of Kiel: Zu den Griechischen Lyrikern. Rhein. Mus.,
vol. xxix., 1874: Sappho, pp. 149-151.
BLASS, FRIEDRICH, of Kiel: Neue Fragmente ... der Sappho. Rhein. Mus.,
vol. xxxv. 1880; pp. 287-290.
BLOMFIELD, CHARLES JAMES, Bishop of London: Cambridge Museum Criticum,
vol. i., pp. 1-31, 250-252, 421, 422. 8vo, 1826.
BLOMFIELD, CHARLES JAMES: see Gaisford.
BLUM, JOHANN CHRISTIAN: in Olearius' De Poetriis Graecis. 4to, Leipzig,
1712.
BOETTICHER, K.: Zwei Hermenbildnisse der Sappho; with a photograph.
Archäologische Zeitung, 4to, Berlin, 1872, pp. 83-86.
BORN, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB, PH.D.: Anacreontis et Sapphus [pp. 219-227]
Carmina Graece recensuit notisque illustravit ex optimis interpretibus,
quibus et suas adjecit. 8vo, Leipzig, 1789.
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criticis instruxit. [Greek: Sapphous leipsana] pp. 77-81. 16mo, Leipzig,
1805.
BRAUN, G. C.: Die Fragmente der Sappho, übersetzt von G. C. B[raun]. 8vo,
Wetzlar, 1815.
BROCKHAUSEN, R.: Sappho's Lieder in deutschen Versen nachgebildet. Lemgo,
1827.
BRUNCK, RICHARD FRANÇOIS PHILIPPE: Analecta veterum poetarum Graecorum:
i., pp. 54-57; ii., p. 8. 8vo, Strassburg, 1772.
BRUNCK, RICHARD FRANÇOIS PHILIPPE: Anacreontis Carmina: accedunt quaedam
e lyricorum reliquiis pp. 82-86. Ed. 2, 12mo, Strassburg, 1786.
BRUNCK, RICHARD FRANÇOIS PHILIPPE: see Weise, G. H. (1844).
BÜRGER, EDUARD: Anacreon und andere lyrische Dichter Griechenlands in
deutschen Reimen. 32mo, Stuttgart, 1855.
BUSTELLI, GIUSEPPE: Vita e Frammenti di Saffo de Mitilene. Discorso e
versione (prima intera). Pp. 104. 8vo, Bologna, 1863.
CAPPONE, FRANCESCO ANTONIO: Liriche Parafrasi di D. Francesco Antonio
Cappone, Academico ozioso. Sopra tutte l'Ode d'Anacreonte, e sopra alcune
altre Poesie di diversi Lirici Poeti Greci. Secundo la preposta version
Latina de'l'or più celebri Traduttori. pp. 190-200. 24mo, Venice, 1670.
COMPARETTI, PROFESSOR DOMENICO: Saffo e Faone dinanzi alla critica
storia, in the Nuova Antologia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, anno xi.,
seconda serie, vol. i., fasc. ii., pp. 253-288. 8vo, Florence, Febr.
1876.
COMPARETTI, PROFESSOR DOMENICO: Sulla Epistola Ovidiana di Saffo a Faone,
studico critio. Published by the R. Istituto di Studi Superiori pratici e
di perfezionamento in Firenze, Sezione di Filosofia e Filologia, vol.
ii., dispensa prima, 8vo, pp. 53, Florence, 1876.
COMPARETTI, PROFESSOR DOMENICO: Sappho nelle Antiche Rappresentanze
Vascolari. Published in the Museo Italiano di Antichita Classica, pp.
41-80, with 4 plates, 4to, Firenze, 1886.
COUPIN: see Girodet de Roussy.
COURIER, P.-L.: Daphnis et Chloé, traduit par P.-L. Courier. Suivi des
Poésies d'Anacréon et de Sappho [Odes I. and II. in French prose, pp.
45-49] traduction nouvelle d'après un Manuscrit de l'école d'Athènes.
8vo, Paris, 1878.
CRAMER, JOHN ANTONY, D.D.: Anecdota Graeca e codd. manuscriptis
Bibliothecarum Oxoniensium descripsit. Frag. 95, vol. i., p. 444; frag.
158, vol. ii., p. 325. 2 vols. 8vo, Oxford, 1835-6.
CRAMER, J. CHR.: Diatribe chronologico-critica de patriâ Sapphus. 4to,
Jena, N.D.
CRAMER, J. CHR.: Diatribe chronologico-critica de [Greek: sygphronismô]
Sapphus et Anacreontis. 4to, Jena, 1755.
DACIER, ANNE LEFÈVRE [10]: Les Poésies d'Anacréon et de Sapho, traduites
de Grec en François, avec des Remarques. Les Poésies de Sapho de Lesbos,
pp. 387-429. 12mo, Paris, 1681.
DACIER, ANNE LEFÈVRE: Les Poésies d'Anacréon et de Sapho traduites de
Grec en François, avec des Remarques par Mademoiselle Le Fèvre, pp.
387-429, 12mo, Lyons, 1696.
DACIER, ANNE LEFÈVRE: Les poésies d'Anacréon et de Sapho traduites de
Grec en François, avec des Remarques, par Madame Dacier. Nouvelle édition
augmentée des Notes Latines de Mr. le Fèvre. 12mo, Amsterdam, 1699.
DACIER, ANNE LEFÈVRE: Les Poésies d'Anacréon et de Sapho traduites de
Grec en François, avec des Remarques, par Madame Dacier. Nouvelle
édition, augmentée des Notes Latines de Mr. le Fèvre, et de la Traduction
en vers François de Mr. de la Fosse. 8vo, Amsterdam, 1716.
DEGEN, J. F.: Anacreon and Sappho's Lieder nebst and. lyr. Gedichten,
Text und Übers. Altenburg, 1787.
Die Gedichte Anakreons und der Sappho Oden aus dem Griechischen
übersetzt, und mit Anmerkungen begleitet, pp. 205-216. 8vo, Carlsruhe,
1760.
Discours sur la Poësie lyrique, avec les modèles du genre tirés de
Pindare, d'Anacréon, de Sapho [pp. 137-140], de Malherbe, etc. 24mo,
Paris, 1761.
DU BOIS, EDWARD: The Wreath; composed of Selections from Sappho, etc.,
... accompanied by a prose translation, with notes. 8vo, London, 1799.
DUBOIS-GUCHAN, E.-P.: La Pléiade Grecque: Traductions contenant Les Odes
et Fragments d'Anacréon, Les Poésies de Sapho, etc., pp. 71-88. 8vo,
Paris, 1873.
EASBY-SMITH, JAMES S.: The Songs of Sappho. 8vo, pp. ix. 97, Washington,
1891.
EGERTON, THE HONOURABLE FRANCIS HENRY: A Fragment of an Ode of Sappho,
from Longinus: also, an Ode of Sappho from Dionysius Halicarn. Pp. 26.
8vo, Paris, 1815.
ELTON, SIR CHARLES ABRAHAM, BART.: Specimens of the Classic Poets ...
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FABER, TANAQUILLUS: see Baxter, William (1776).
FARD, LE POËTE SANS: see Gaçon, François.
FARNELL, GEORGE S.: Greek Lyric Poetry; pp. 148-167, 327-342. 8vo,
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Bion, Moschus, and Musaeus. Translated into English by a Gentleman of
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delivered before the Lowell Institute [1852-1854]. (Sappho, vol. i. pp.
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FÈVRE, MADEMOISELLE LE: see Dacier, Madame.
FIELD, MICHAEL: Long Ago. 8vo, pp. 132, London, 1889.
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FISCHER, JOH. FRIDR.: see Baxter, William (1776).
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FOSSE, DE LA: see Dacier, Madame (1716).
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François par le poète Sans Fard. 12mo, Rotterdam, 1712; also Les Poésies
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GAÇON, FRANÇOIS: [Greek: Anakreontos Têiou melê. Sapphous Asmata.] 16mo,
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GAISFORD, THOMAS, D.D.: Sapphonis Fragmenta, edited by Charles James
Blomfield, and reprinted from the Cambridge Museum Criticum, fasc. i., in
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Gesang. Leipzig, 1847.
GILES, J. A.: see Hainebach, J. H.
GILLIVER: Anacreontis carmina, etc. ... et poetriae Sapphus quae
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Göttingen, 1856. (Heller reads the last line thus: [Greek: pan de
tolmateon epi ta 'gapêta], _i.e._ amicae causâ, ad amicam mihi
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LANGAPETRAEUS = Longepierre, q.v.
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