3 _Henry VI._ Original title, _True Tragedy of Richard Duke of
York_, 1595.
_Henry VIII._, 1601. Acted at the Globe Theatre, 1613.
_John_ (_King_), 1596. Mentioned by Meres, 1598.
_Julius Cæsar_, 1607. No early mention made of this play.
_Lear_, 1605. Acted at Whitehall[TN-170] 1607. Printed 1608.
_Macbeth_, 1606. No early mention made of this play.
_Measure for Measure_, 1603. Acted at Whitehall[TN-171] 1604.
_Merry Wives of Windsor_, 1596. Printed 1602.
_Pericles Prince of Tyre._ Printed 1609.
_Taming of the Shrew._ (?) Acted at Henslow’s Theatre, 1593.
Entered at Stationer’s Hall, 1607.
_Tempest_, 1609. Acted at Whitehall, 1611.
_Timon of Athens_, 1609. No early mention made of this play.
_Titus Andronicus_, 1593. Printed 1600.
_Twelfth Night._ Acted in the Middle Temple Hall, 1602.
_Two Gentlemen of Verona_, 1595. Mentioned by Meres[TN-172] 1598.
_Winter’s Tale_, 1604. Acted at Whitehall, 1611.
First complete collection in folio; 1623, Isaac Jaggard and Ed. Blount;
1632, 1664, 1685. The second folio is of very little value.
_Shakespeare’s Parents._ His father was John Shakespeare, a glover, who
married Mary Arden, daughter of Robert Arden, Esq., of Bomich, a good
country gentleman.
_Shakespeare’s Wife_, Anne Hathaway, of Shottery, some eight years older
than himself; daughter of a substantial yeoman.
_Shakespeare’s Children._ One son, Hamnet, who died in his twelfth year
(1585-1596). Two daughters, who survived him, Susanna and Judith,
twin-born with Hamnet. Both his daughters married and had children, but
the lines died out.
_Voltaire says of Shakespeare_: “Rimer had very good reason to say that
Shakespeare _n’etait[TN-173] q’un vilain singe_.” Voltaire, in 1765, said,
“Shakespeare is a savage with some imagination, whose plays can please
only in London and Canada.” In 1735 he wrote to M. de Cideville,
“Shakespeare is the Corneille of London, but everywhere else he is a
great fool (_grand fou d’ailleur_).”
=Shakespeare of Divines= (_The_), Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667).
Taylor, the Shakespeare of divines.--Emerson.
=Shakespeare of Eloquence= (_The_). The comte de Mirabeau was so called by
Barnave (1749-1791).
=Shakespeare of Germany= (_The_), Augustus Frederick Ferdinand von
Kotzebue (1761-1819).
=Shakespeare of Prose Fiction= (_The_). Richardson, the novelist, is so
called by D’Israeli (1689-1761).
=Shallow=, a weak-minded country justice, cousin to Slender. He is a great
braggart, and especially fond of boasting of the mad pranks of his
younger days. It is said that Justice Shallow is a satirical portrait of
Sir Thomas Lucy of Charlecote, who prosecuted Shakespeare for
deer-stealing.--Shakespeare, _The Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1596); and 2
_Henry IV._ (1598).
As wise as a justice of the quorum and custalorum in Shallow’s
time.--Macaulay.
=Shallum=, lord of a manor consisting of a long chain of rocks and
mountains called Tirzah. Shallum was “of gentle disposition, and beloved
both by God and man.” He was the lover of Hilpa, a Chinese antediluvian
princess, one of the 150 daughters of Zilpah, of the race of Cohu or
Cain.--Addison, _Spectator_, viii. 584-5 (1712).
=Shalott= (_The lady of_), a poem by Tennyson, in four parts. Pt. i. tells
us that the lady passed her life in the island of Shalott in great
seclusion, and was known only by the peasantry. Pt. ii. tells us that
she was weaving a magic web, and that a curse would fall on her if she
looked down the river. Pt. iii. describes how Sir Lancelot rode to
Camelot in all his bravery; and the lady gazed at him as he rode along.
Pt. iv. tells us that the lady floated down the river in a boat called
_The Lady of Shalott_, and died heart-broken on the way. Sir Lancelot
came to gaze on the dead body, and exclaimed, “She has a lovely face,
God in his mercy grant her grace!” This ballad was afterwards expanded
into the _Idyll_ called “Elaine, the Lily Maid of Astolat” (_q.v._), the
beautiful incident of Elaine and the barge being taken from the _History
of Prince Arthur_, by Sir T. Malory.
“While my body is whole, let this letter be put into my right hand,
and my hand bound fast with the letter until I be cold, and let me
be put in a fair bed with all the richest clothes that I have about
me, and so let my bed and all my rich clothes be laid with me in a
chariot to the next place whereas the Thames is, and there let me
be put in a barge, and but one man with me such as ye trust to
steer me thither, and that my barge be covered with black samite
over and over.” ... So when she was dead, the corpse and the bed
and all was led the next way unto to the Thames, and there a man
and the corpse and all were put in a barge on the Thames, and so
the man steered the barge to Westminster, and there he rowed a
great while to and fro, or any man espied.--Pt. iii. 123.
King Arthur saw the body and had it buried, and Sir Lancelot made an
offering, etc. (ch. 124); much the same as Tennyson has reproduced it in
verse.
_Shalott_ (_The lady of_). “It is not generally known that the lady of
Shalott lived, last summer, in an attic at the east end of South
Street.” Thus begins a story of an incurable invalid, whose only
amusement is watching street scenes reflected in a small mirror hung
opposite the one window of her garret-room. A stone flung by a boy
shatters the mirror, and the fragile creature never recovers from the
shock.--Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, _The Lady of Shalott_.
=Shamho´zai= (3 _syl._), the angel who debauched himself with women,
repented, and hung himself up between earth and heaven.--Bereshit rabbi
(in _Gen._ vi. 2).
⁂ Harût and Marût were two angels sent to be judges on earth. They
judged righteously until Zohara appeared before them, when they fell in
love with her, and were imprisoned in a cave near Babylon, where they
are to abide till the day of judgment.
=Shandy= (_Tristram_), the nominal hero of Sterne’s novel called _The Life
and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman_ (1759). He is the son of
Walter and Elizabeth Shandy.
_Captain Shandy_, better known as “Uncle Toby,” the real hero of
Sterne’s novel. Captain Shandy was wounded at Namur, and retired on
half-pay. He was benevolent and generous, brave as a lion but simple as
a child, most gallant and most modest. Hazlitt says that “the character
of Uncle Toby is the finest compliment ever paid to human nature.” His
modest love-passages with Widow Wadman, his kindly sympathy for
Lieutenant Lefevre, and his military discussions, are wholly
unrivalled.
_Aunt Dinah_ [_Shandy_], Walter Shandy’s aunt. She bequeathed to him
£1000, which Walter fancied would enable him to carry out all the wild
schemes with which his head was crammed.
_Mrs. Elizabeth Shandy_, mother of Tristram Shandy. The ideal of
nonentity, individual from its very absence of individuality.
_Walter Shandy_, Tristram’s father, a metaphysical Don Quixote, who
believes in long noses and propitious names; but his son’s nose was
crushed, and his name, which should have been Trismegistus (“the most
propitious”), was changed in christening to Tristram (“the most
unlucky”). If much learning can make man mad, Walter Shandy was
certainly mad in all the affairs of ordinary life. His wife was a blank
sheet, and he himself a sheet so written on and crossed and rewritten
that no one could decipher the manuscript.--L. Sterne, _The Life and
Opinions of Tristram Shandy_ (1759).
=Sharp=, the ordinary of Major Touchwood, who aids him in his
transformation, but is himself puzzled to know which is the real and
which the false colonel.--T. Dibdin, _What Next?_
_Sharp_ (_Rebecca_), the orphan daughter of an artist. “She was small
and slight in person, pale, sandy-haired, and with green eyes,
habitually cast down, but very large, odd, and attractive when they
looked up.” Becky had the “dismal precocity of poverty,” and, being
engaged as governess in the family of Sir Pitt Crawley, bart., contrived
to marry, clandestinely, his son, Captain Rawdon Crawley, and taught him
how to live in splendor “upon nothing a year.” Becky was an excellent
singer and dancer, a capital talker and wheedler, and a most
attractive, but unprincipled, selfish, and unscrupulous woman. Lord
Steyne introduced her to court; but her conduct with this peer gave rise
to a terrible scandal, which caused a separation between her and Rawdon,
and made England too hot to hold her. She retired to the Continent, was
reduced to a Bohemian life, but ultimately attached herself to Joseph
Sedley, whom she contrived to strip of all his money, and who lived in
dire terror of her, dying in six months under very suspicious
circumstances.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
_Sharp_ (_Timothy_), the “lying valet” of Charles Gayless. His object is
to make his master, who has not a sixpence in the world, pass for a man
of wealth in the eyes of Melissa, to whom he is engaged.--Garrick, _The
Lying Valet_ (1741).
=Sharp-Beak=, the crow’s wife, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_
(1498).
=Sharpe= (_The Right Rev. James_), archbishop of St. Andrew’s, murdered by
John Balfour (a leader in the covenanters’ army) and his party.--Sir W.
Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
=Sharper= (_Master_), the cutler in the Strand.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of
the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
=Sharpitlaw= (_Gideon_), a police officer.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
=Shawonda´see=, son of Mudjekeewis, and king of the south wind. Fat and
lazy, listless and easy. Shawondasee loved a prairie maiden (the
Dandelion), but was too indolent to woo her.--Longfellow, _Hiawatha_
(1855).
=She Stoops to Conquer=, a comedy by Oliver Goldsmith (1773). Miss
Hardcastle, knowing how bashful young Marlow is before ladies, _stoops_
to the manners and condition of a barmaid, with whom he feels quite at
his ease, and by this artifice wins the man of her choice.
⁂ It is said that when Goldsmith was about 16 years old, he set out for
Edgworthstown, and finding night coming on when at Ardagh, asked a man
“which was the best house in town”--meaning the best inn. The man, who
was Cornelius O’Kelly, the great fencing-master, pointed to that of Mr.
Ralph Fetherstone, as being the best house in the vicinity. Oliver
entered the parlor, found the master of the mansion sitting over a good
fire, and said he intended to pass the night there, and should like to
have supper. Mr. Fetherstone happened to know Goldsmith’s father, and,
to humor the joke, pretended to be the landlord of “the public,” nor did
he reveal himself till next morning at breakfast, when Oliver called for
his bill. It was not Sir Ralph Fetherstone, as is generally said, but
Mr. Ralph Fetherstone, whose grandson was Sir Thomas.
=Sheba.= The queen of Sheba, or Saba (_i.e._ the Sabeans) came to visit
Solomon, and tested his wisdom by sundry questions, but affirmed that
his wisdom and wealth exceeded even her expectations.--1 _Kings_ x.; 2
_Chron._ ix.
No, not to answer, madam, all those hard things
That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.
Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
⁂ The Arabs call her name Balkis, or Belkis; the Abyssinians, Macqueda;
and others, Aazis.
_Sheba_ (_The queen of_), a name given to Mde. Montreville (the Begum
Mootee Mahul).--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George
II.).
=Shebdiz=, the Persian Bucephalos, the favorite charger of Chosroës II.,
or Khosrou Parvis, of Persia (590-628).
=Shedad=, king of Ad, who built a most magnificent palace, and laid out a
garden called “The Garden of Irem,” like “the bowers of Eden.” All men
admired this palace and garden, except the prophet Houd, who told the
king that the foundation of his palace was not secure. And so it was,
that God, to punish his pride, first sent a drought of three years’
duration, and then the Sarsar, or icy wind, for seven days, in which the
garden was destroyed, the palace ruined, and Shedad, with all his
subjects, died.
It is said that the palace of Shedad, or Shuddaud, took 500 years in
building, and when it was finished the angel of death would not allow
him even to enter his garden, but struck him dead, and the rose garden
of Irem was ever after invisible to the eye of man.--Southey, _Thalaba,
the Destroyer_, 1. (1797).
=Sheep-Dog= (_A_), a lady-companion, who occupies the back seat of the
barouche, carries wraps, etc., goes to church with the lady,and[TN-174]
“guards her from the wolves,” as much as the lady wishes to be guarded,
but no more.
“Rawdon,” said Becky, ... “I must have a sheep-dog ... I mean a
_moral_ shepherd’s dog ... to keep the wolves off me.” ... “A
sheep-dog, a companion! Becky Sharp with a sheep-dog! Isn’t that
good fun!”--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_, xxxvii. (1848).
=Sheep of the Prisons=, a cant term in the French Revolution for a spy
under the jailers.--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_, iii. 7 (1859).
=Sheep Tilted at.= Don Quixote saw the dust of two flocks of sheep coming
in opposite directions, and told Sancho they were two armies--one
commanded by the Emperor Alifanfaron, sovereign of the island of
Trap´oban, and the other by the king of the Garaman´teans, called
“Pentap´olin with the Naked Arm.” He said that Alifanfaron was in love
with Pentapolin’s daughter, but Pentapolin refused to sanction the
alliance, because Alifanfaron was a Mohammedan. The mad knight rushed on
the flock “led by Alifanfaron,” and killed seven of the sheep, but was
stunned by stones thrown at him by the shepherds. When Sancho told his
master that the two armies were only two flocks of sheep, the knight
replied that the enchanter Freston had “metamorphosed the two grand
armies” in order to show his malice.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii.
4 (1605).
⁂ After the death of Achillês, Ajax and Ulysses both claimed the armor
of Hector. The dispute was settled by the sons of Atreus (2 _syl._), who
awarded the prize to Ulysses. This so enraged Ajax that it drove him
mad, and he fell upon a flock of sheep driven at night into the camp,
supposing it to be an army led by Ulysses and the sons of Atreus. When
he found out his mistake, he stabbed himself. This is the subject of a
tragedy by Soph´oclês called _Ajax Mad_.
⁂ Orlando in his madness also fell foul of a flock of sheep.--Ariosto,
_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
=Sheffield= (_The Bard of_), James Montgomery, author of _The Wanderer of
Switzerland_, etc. (1771-1854).
With broken lyre and cheek serenely pale,
Lo! Sad Alcæns wanders down the vale ...
O’er his lost works let classic Sheffield weep;
May no rude hand disturb their early sleep!
Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).
=Sheila=, pretty, simple-hearted girl, whose father is a magnate among his
neighbors in the Orkney Islands. Sheila is won by a Londoner--Lavender
by name--who visits her island home. He transplants the Northern wild
flower into a London home, where she pines for a while, homesick and
heart-sick. In time, her sound sense enables her to adjust herself to
altered conditions, and her stronger nature raises and ennobles her
husband’s.--William Black, _A Princess of Thulè_.
=Shelby= (_Mr._), Uncle Tom’s first master. Being in commercial
difficulties, he was obliged to sell his faithful slave. His son
afterwards endeavored to buy Uncle Tom back again, but found that he had
been whipped to death by the villain Legree.--Harriet Beecher Stowe,
_Uncle Tom’s Cabin_ (1852).
=Shell= (_A_). Amongst the ancient Gaels a shell was emblematic of peace.
Hence when Bosmi´na, Fingal’s daughter, was sent to propitiate King
Erragon, who had invaded Morven, she carried with her a “sparkling shell
as a symbol of peace, and a golden arrow as a symbol of war.”--Ossian,
_The Battle of Lora_.
=Shells=, _i.e._, hospitality. “Semo, king of shells” (“hospitality”).
When Cuthullin invites Swaran to a banquet, his messenger says,
“Cuthullin gives the joy of shells; come and partake the feast of Erin’s
blue-eyed chief.” The ancient Gaels drank from shells; and hence such
phrases as “chief of shells,” “hall of shells,” “king of shells,” etc.
(king of hospitality). “To rejoice in the shell” is to feast sumptuously
and drink freely.
=Shemus-an-Snachad=, or “James of the Needle,” M’Ivor’s tailor at
Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.)
=Shepheardes Calendar= (_The_), twelve eclogues in various metres, by
Spenser, one for each month. _January_: Colin Clout (_Spenser_) bewails
that Rosalind does not return his love, and compares his forlorn
condition to the season itself. _February_: Cuddy, a lad, complains of
the cold, and Thenot laments the degeneracy of pastoral life. _March_:
Willie and Thomalin discourse of love (described as a person just
aroused from sleep). _April_: Hobbinol sings a song on Eliza, queen of
shepherds. _May_: Palinode (3 _syl._) exhorts Piers to join the
festivities of May, but Piers replies that good shepherds who seek their
own indulgence expose their flocks to the wolves. He then relates the
fable of the kid and her dam. _June_: Hobbinol exhorts Colin to greater
cheerfulness, but Colin replies there is no cheer for him while Rosalind
remains unkind and loves Menalcas better than himself. _July_: Morrel, a
goat-herd, invites Thomalin to come with him to the uplands, but
Thomalin replies that humility better becomes a shepherd (_i.e._, a
pastor or clergyman). _August_: Perigot and Willie contend in song, and
Cuddy is appointed arbiter. _September_: Diggon Davie complains to
Hobbinol of clerical abuses. _October_: On poetry, which Cuddy says has
no encouragement, and laments that Colin neglects it, being crossed in
love. _November_;[TN-175] Colin, being asked by Thenot to sing, excuses
himself because of his grief for Dido, but finally he sings her elegy.
_December_: Colin again complains that his heart is desolate because
Rosalind loves him not (1579).
=Shepheards Hunting= (_The_), four “eglogues” by George Wither, while
confined in the Marshalsea (1615). The shepherd, Roget, is the poet
himself, and his “hunting” is a satire called _Abuses Stript and Whipt_,
for which he was imprisoned. The first three eglogues are upon the
subject of Roget’s imprisonment, and the fourth is on his love of
poetry. “Willy” is the poet’s friend, William Browne, of the Inner
Temple, author of _Britannia’s Pastorals_. He was two years the junior
of Wither.
=Shepherd= (_The_), Moses, who for forty years fed the flocks of Jethro,
his father-in-law.
Sing, heavenly Muse, that on the secret top
Of Oreb or of Sinai, didst inspire
That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed,
“In the beginning,” how the heaven and earth
Rose out of chaos.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. (1665).
_Shepherd_ (_The Gentle_), George Grenville, the statesman. One day, in
addressing the House, George Grenville said, “Tell me where! tell me
where!...” Pitt hummed the line of a song then very popular, beginning,
“Gentle shepherd, tell me where!” and the whole House was convulsed with
laughter (1712-1770).
⁂ Allan Ramsay has a beautiful Scotch pastoral called _The Gentle
Shepherd_ (1725).
_Shepherd_ (_John Claridge_), the signature adopted by the author of
_The Shepherd of Banbury’s Rules to Judge of the Changes of Weather,
etc._ (1744). Supposed to be Dr. John Campbell, author of _A Political
Survey of Britain_.
=Shepherd-Kings= (_The_), or _Hyksos_. These Hyksos were a tribe of
Cuthites driven from Assyria by Aralius and the Shemites. Their names
were: (1) SAĪTÊS or Salātês, called by the Arabs El-Weleed, and said to
be a descendant of Esau (B.C. 1870-1851); (2) BEON, called by the Arabs
Er-Reiyan, son of El-Weleed (B.C. 1851-1811); (3) APACHNAS (B.C.
1811-1750); (4) APŌPHIS, called by the Arabs Er-Reiyan II., in whose
reign Joseph was sold into Egypt and was made viceroy (B.C. 1750-1700);
(5) JANIAS (B.C. 1700-1651); (6) ASSETH (1651-1610).[TN-176] The Hyksos
were driven out of Egypt by Amŏsis or Thetmosis, the founder of the
eighteenth dynasty, and retired to Palestine, where they formed the
chiefs or lords of the Philistines. (Hyksos is compounded of _hyk_,
“king,” and _sos_, “shepherd.”)
⁂ Apophis or Aphophis was not a shepherd-king, but a pharaoh or native
ruler, who made Apachnas tributary, and succeeded him, but on the death
of Aphophis the hyksos were restored.
=Shepherd Lord= (_The_), Lord Henry de Clifford, brought up by his mother
as a shepherd to save him from the vengeance of the Yorkists. Henry VII.
restored him to his birthright and estates (1455-1543).
The gracious fairy,
Who loved the shepherd lord to meet
In his wanderings solitary.
Wordsworth, _The White Doe of Rylstone_ (1815).
=Shepherd of Banbury.= (See SHEPHERD, JOHN CLARIDGE.)
=Shepherd of Filida.=
“Preserve him, Mr. Nicholas, as thou wouldst a diamond. He is not a
shepherd, but an elegant courtier,” said the curé.--Cervantes, _Don
Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).
=Shepherd of Salisbury Plain= (_The_), the hero and title of a religious
tract by Hannah More. The shepherd is noted for his homely wisdom and
simple piety. The academy figure of this shepherd was David Saunders,
who, with his father, had kept sheep on the plain for a century.
=Shepherd of the Ocean.= So Colin Clout (_Spenser_) calls Sir Walter
Raleigh in his _Colin Clout’s Come Home Again_ (1591).
=Shepherdess= (_The Faithful_), a pastoral drama by John Fletcher (1610).
The “faithful shepherdess” is Corin, who remains faithful to her lover
although dead. Milton has borrowed rather largely from this pastoral in
his _Comus_.
=Sheppard= (_Jack_), immortalized for his burglaries and escapes from
Newgate. He was the son of a carpenter in Spitalfields, and was an
ardent, reckless and generous youth. Certainly the most popular criminal
ever led to Tyburn for execution (1701-1724).
⁂ Daniel Defoe made _Jack Sheppard_ the hero of a romance in 1724, and
W. H. Ainsworth, in 1839.
=Sherborne=, in Dorsetshire, always brings ill luck to the possessor. It
belonged at one time to the see of Canterbury, and Osmond pronounced a
curse on any laymen who wrested it from the Church.
The first laymen who held these lands was the Protector Somerset, who
was beheaded by Edward VI.
The next laymen was Sir Walter Raleigh, who was also beheaded.
At the death of Raleigh, James I. seized on the lands, and conferred
them on Car, earl of Somerset, who died prematurely. His younger son,
Carew, was attainted, committed to the Tower, and lost his estates by
forfeiture.
⁂ James I. was no exception. He lost his eldest son, the prince of
Wales, Charles I. was beheaded, James II. was forced to abdicate, and
the two Pretenders consummated the ill luck of the family.
Sherborne is now in the possession of Digby, earl of Bristol.
(For other possessions which carry with them ill luck, see GOLD OF
TOLOSA, GOLD OF NIBELUNGEN, GRAYSTEEL, HARMONIA’S NECKLACE, etc.)
=Sheridan’s Ride=, the story of the brilliant dash of Sheridan upon
Winchester, that turned the fortunes of the day in favor of the Federal
forces. Early, in command of the Confederates, had driven the United
States troops out of the town. When Sheridan met them, they were in full
retreat.
“Hurrah! hurrah for horse and man,
And when their statues are placed on high,
Under the dome of the Union sky,
The American soldier’s Temple of Fame,
There, with the glorious General’s name
Be it said, in letters both bold and bright:--
Here is the steed that saved the day
By carrying Sheridan into the fight,
From Winchester--twenty miles away!’”
Thomas Buchanan Read, _Sheridan’s Ride_.
=Sheva=, the philanthropic Jew, most modest, but most benevolent. He
“stints his appetite to pamper his affections, and lives in poverty that
the poor may live in plenty.” Sheva is “the widows’ friend, the orphans’
father, the poor man’s protector, and the universal dispenser of
charity, but he ever shrank to let his left hand know what his right
hand did.” Ratcliffe’s father rescued him at Cadiz, from an _auto da
fe_, and Ratcliffe himself rescued him from a howling London mob. This
noble heart settled £10,000 on Miss Ratcliffe at her marriage, and left
Charles the heir of all his property.--Cumberland, _The Jew_ (1776).
⁂ The Jews of England made up a very handsome purse, which they
presented to the dramatist for this championship of their race.
_Sheva_, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden and Tate,
is designed for Sir Roger Lestrange, censor of the press, in the reign
of Charles II. Sheva was one of David’s scribes (2 _Sam._ xx. 25), and
Sir Roger was editor of the _Observator_, in which he vindicated the
court measures, for which he was knighted.
Than Sheva, none more loyal zeal have shown,
Wakeful as Judah’s lion for the crown.
Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
=Shib´boleth=, the test pass-word of a secret society. When the
Ephraimites tried to pass the Jordan, after their defeat by Jephthah,
the guard tested whether they were Ephraimites or not, by asking them to
say the word “Shibboleth,” which the Ephraimites pronounced “Sibboleth”
(_Judges_ xii. 1-6).
In the Sicilian Vespers, a word was given as a test of nationality. Some
dried peas (_ciceri_) were shown to a suspect: if he called them
_cheecharee_, he was a Sicilian, and allowed to pass; but if _siseri_,
he was a Frenchman, and was put to death.
In the great Danish slaughter on St. Bryce’s Day (November 13, 1002),
according to tradition, a similar test was made with the words
“Chichester Church,” which, being pronounced hard or soft, decided
whether the speaker were Dane or Saxon.
=Shield of Rome= (_The_), Fabius “Cunctātor.” Marcellus was called “The
Sword of Rome.” (See FABIUS.)
=Shift= (_Samuel_), a wonderful mimic, who, like Charles Mathews, the
elder, could turn his face to anything. He is employed by Sir William
Wealthy, to assist in saving his son, George, from ruin, and accordingly
helps the young man in his money difficulties by becoming his agent.
Ultimately, it is found that Sir George’s father is his creditor, the
young man is saved from ruin, marries, and becomes a reformed and
honorable member of society, who has “sown his wild oats.”--Foote, _The
Minor_ (1760).
=Shilling= (_To cut one off with a_). A tale is told of Charles and John
Banister. John, having irritated his father, the old man said, “Jack,
I’ll cut you off with a shilling.” To which the son replied, “I wish,
dad, you would give it to me now.”
⁂ The same identical anecdote is told of Sheridan and his son Tom.
=Shingle= (_Solon_), prominent personage in J. S. Jones’s farce, _The
People’s Lawyer_.
=Ship= (_The Intelligent_). _Ellīda_ (Frithjof’s ship) understood what was
said to it; hence in the _Frithjof Saga_ the son of Thornsten constantly
addresses it, and the ship always obeys what is said to it.--Tegner,
_Frithjof Saga_, x. (1825).
=Shipton= (_Mother_), the heroine of an ancient tale entitled _The Strange
and Wonderful History and Prophecies of Mother Shipton_, etc.--T. Evan
Preece.
=Shipwreck= (_The_), a poem in three cantos, by William Falconer (1762).
Supposed to occupy six days. The ship was the _Britannia_, under the
command of Albert, and bound for Venice. Being overtaken in a squall,
she is driven out of her course from Candia, and four seamen are lost
off the lee main-yardarm. A fearful storm greatly distresses the vessel
and the captain gives command “to bear away.” As she passes the island
of St. George, the helmsman is struck blind by lightning. Bowsprit,
foremast, and main-topmast being carried away, the officers try to save
themselves on the wreck of the foremast. The ship splits on the
projecting verge of Cape Colonna. The captain and all his crew are lost
except Arion (_Falconer_), who is washed ashore, and being befriended by
the natives, returns to England to tell this mournful story.
=Shirley.= Bright, independent heiress of Yorkshire, beautiful and
courted, who chooses her own way and her own husband.--Charlotte Brontè,
_Shirley_.
=Shoo-King= (_The_), the history of the Chinese monarchs, by Confucius. It
begins with Yoo, B.C. 2205.
=Shoolbred= (_Dame_), the foster-mother of Henry Smith.--Sir W. Scott,
_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
=Shore= (_Jane_), the heroine and title of a tragedy by N. Rowe (1312).
Jane Shore was the wife of a London merchant, but left her husband to
become the mistress of Edward IV. At the death of that monarch, Lord
Hastings wished to obtain her, but she rejected his advances. This drew
on her the jealous wrath of Alicia (Lord Hastings’s mistress), who
induced her to accuse Lord Hastings of want of allegiance to the lord
protector. The duke of Gloucester commanded the instant execution of
Hastings; and, accusing Jane Shore of having bewitched him, condemned
her to wander about in a sheet, holding a taper in her hand, and decreed
that any one who offered her food or shelter should be put to death.
Jane continued an outcast for three days, when her husband came to her
succor, but he was seized by Gloucester’s myrmidons, and Jane Shore
died.
=Shoreditch= (_Duke of_). Barlow, the favorite archer of Henry VIII., was
so entitled by the Merry Monarch, in royal sport. Barlow’s two skillful
companions were created at the same time, “marquis of Islington,” and
“earl of Pancras.”
Good king, make not good lord of Lincoln “duke of
Shoreditche.”--_The Poore Man’s Petition to the Kinge_ (art. xvi.
1603).
=Shorne= (_Sir John_) noted for his feat of conjuring the devil into a
boot.
To Master John Shorne,
That blessêd man borne,
Which jugeleth with a bote;
I beschrewe his herte rote
That will trust him, and it be I.
_Fantassie of Idolatrie._
=Short-Lived Administration= (_The_). the[TN-177] administration formed
February 12, 1746, by William Pulteney. It lasted only two days.
=Shortcake= (_Mrs._), the baker’s wife, one of Mrs. Mailsetter’s
friends.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
=Shortell= (_Master_), the mercer at Liverpool.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of
the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
=Short´hose= (2 _syl._), a clown, servant to Lady Hartwell, the
widow.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Wit Without Money_ (1539).
=Shorthouse= (_Tom_), epitaph of.
_Hic Jacet_ Tom Shorthouse, _sine_ Tom, _sine_ Sheets, _sine_ Riches;
_Qui Vixit sine_ Gown, _sine_ Cloak, _sine_ Shirt, _sine_ Breeches.
_Old London_ (taken from the _Magna Britannia_)
=Shovel-Boards= or _Edward Shovel-Boards_, broad shillings of Edward III.
Taylor, the water-poet, tells us “they were used for the most part at
shoave-board.”
... the unthrift every day,
With my face downwards do at shoave-board play.
Taylor, the water-poet (1580-1754).
=Shewsberry= (_Lord_), the earl marshall in the court of Queen
Elizabeth.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
=Shufflebottom= (_Abel_), a name assumed by Robert Southey in some of his
amatory productions (1774-1843).
=Shuffles= (_Robert_). One of the “bad boys,” whose misdemeanors and
reformation are sketched in _Outward Bound_, by William T. Adams (Oliver
Optic).
=Shuffleton= (_The Hon. Tom_), a man of very slender estate, who borrows
of all who will lend, but always forgets to repay or return the loans.
When spoken to about it, he interrupts the speaker before he comes to
the point, and diverts the conversation to some other subject. He is one
of the new school, always emotionless, looks on money as the _summum
bonum_, and all as fair that puts money in his purse. The Hon. Tom
Shuffleton marries Lady Caroline Braymore, who has £4000 a year. (See
DIMANCHE.)--G. Colman, Jr., _John Bull_.
=Shylock=, the Jew, who lends Antonio (a Venetian merchant) 3000 ducats
for three months, on these conditions: If repaid within the time, only
the principal would be required; if not, the Jew should be at liberty to
cut from Antonio’s body a pound of flesh. The ships of Antonio being
delayed by contrary winds, the merchant was unable to meet his bill, and
the Jew claimed the forfeiture. Portia, in the dress of a law doctor,
conducted the trial, and when the Jew was about to take his bond,
reminded him that he must shed no drop of blood, nor must he cut either
more or less than an exact pound. If these conditions were infringed his
life would be forfeit. The Jew, feeling it to be impossible to exact the
bond under such conditions, gave up the claim, but was heavily fined for
seeking the life of a Venetian citizen.--Shakespeare, _The Merchant of
Venice_ (1598).
Among modern actors, _Henry Irving_, as Shylock, stands unsurpassed.
According to the kindred authority of Shylock, no man hates the
thing he would not kill.--Sir W. Scott.
⁂ Paul Secchi tells us a similar tale: A merchant of Venice, having been
informed by private letter that Drake had taken and plundered St.
Domingo, sent word to Sampson Ceneda, a Jewish usurer. Ceneda would not
believe it, and bet a pound of flesh it was not true. When the report
was confirmed the pope told Secchi he might lawfully claim his bet if he
chose, only he must draw no blood, nor take either more or less than an
exact pound, on the penalty of being hanged.--Gregorio Leti, _Life of
Sextus V._ (1666).
=Sibbald=, an attendant on the earl of Menteith.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of
Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
=Sibylla=, the sibyl. (See SIBYLS.)
And thou, Alecto, feede me wyth thy foode ...
And thou, Sibilla, when thou seest me faynte,
Addres thyselfe the gyde of my complaynte.
Sackville, _Mirrour for Magistraytes_ (“Complaynte,” etc.,
(1557).[TN-178]
=Sibyls.= Plato speaks of only _one_ sibyl; Martian Capella says there
were _two_ (the _Erythræan_ or _Cumæan_ sibyl, and the _Phrygian_);
Pliny speaks of the _three_ sibyls; Jackson maintains, on the authority
of Ælian, that there were _four_; Shakespeare speaks of the _nine_
sibyls of old Rome (1 _Henry VI._ act i. sc. 2); Varro says they were
_ten_ (the sibyls of Libya, Samos, Cumæ (in Italy), Cumæ (in Asia
Minor), Erythræ, Persia, Tiburtis, Delphi, Ancy´ra (in Phrygia), and
Marpessa), in reference to which Rabelais says, “she may be the
_eleventh_ sibyl” (_Pantagruel_, iii. 16); the mediæval monks made the
number to be _twelve_, and gave to each a distinct prophecy respecting
Christ. But whatever the number, there was but _one_ “sibyl of old Rome”
(the Cumæan), who offered to Tarquin the nine Sibylline books.
=Sibyl’s Books= (_The_). We are told that the sibyl of Cumæ (in Æŏlis)
offered Tarquin nine volumes of predictions for a certain sum of money,
but the king, deeming the price exorbitant, refused to purchase them;
whereupon she burnt three of the volumes, and next year offered Tarquin
the remaining six at the same price. Again he refused, and the sibyl
burnt three more. The following year she again returned, and asked the
original price for the three which remained. At the advice of the augurs
the king purchased the books, and they were preserved with great care
under guardians specially appointed for the purpose.
=Sicilian Bull= (_The_), the brazen bull invented by Perillos for the
tyrant Phalăris, as an engine of torture. Perillos himself was the first
victim enclosed in the bull.
As the Sicilian bull that rightfully
His cries echoed who had shaped the mould,
Did so rebellow with the voice of him
Tormented, that the brazen monster seemed
Pierced through with pain.
Dantê, _Hell_, xxvii. (1300).
=Sicilian Vespers= (_The_), the massacre of the French in Sicily, which
began at Palermo, March 30, 1282, at the hour of vespers, on Easter
Monday. This wholesale slaughter was provoked by the brutal conduct of
Charles d’Anjou (the governor) and his soldiers towards the islanders.
A similar massacre of the Danes was made in England, on St. Bryce’s Day
(November 13), 1002.
Another similar slaughter took place at Bruges, March 24, 1302.
⁂ The Bartholomew Massacre (Aug. 24, 1572) was a religious not a
political movement.
=Sicilien= (_Le_) or L’AMOUR PEINTRE, a comedy by Molière (1667). The
Sicilian is Don Pèdre, who has a Greek slave named Is´idore. This slave
is loved by Adraste (2 _syl._), a French gentleman, and the plot of the
comedy, turns on the way that the Frenchman allures the Greek slave away
from her master. Hearing that his friend Damon is going to make a
portrait of Isidore, he gets him to write to Don Pèdre a letter of
introduction, requesting that the bearer may be allowed to take the
likeness. By this ruse, Adraste reveals his love to Isidore, and
persuades her to elope. The next step is this: Zaïde (2 _syl._), a young
slave, pretends to have been ill-treated by Adraste, and runs to Don
Pèdre to crave protection. The don bids her go in, while he intercedes
with Adraste on her behalf. The Frenchman seems to relent, and Pèdre
calls for Zaïde to come forth, but Isidore comes instead, wearing
Zaïde’s veil. Don Pèdre says to Adraste, “There, take her home, and use
her well!” “I will,” says Adraste, and leads off the Greek slave.
=Siddartha=, born at Gaya, in India, and known in Indian history as Buddha
(_i.e._ “The Wise”).
=Sidney=, the tutor and friend of Charles Egerton McSycophant. He loves
Constantia, but conceals his passion for fear of paining Egerton, her
accepted lover.--C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).
_Sidney_ (_Sir Philip_). Sir Philip Sidney, though suffering extreme
thirst from the agony of wounds, received in the battle of Zutphen, gave
his own draught of water to a wounded private, lying at his side,
saying, “Poor fellow, thy necessity is greater than mine.”
A similar instance is recorded of Alexander “the Great,” in the desert
of Gedrosia.
David, fighting against the Philistines, became so parched with thirst,
that he cried out, “Oh, that one would give me drink of the water of the
well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!” And the three mighty men broke
through the host of the Philistines, and brought him water;
nevertheless, he would not drink it, but poured it out unto the Lord.--2
_Sam._ xxiii. 15-17.
=Sidney’s Sister, Pembroke’s Mother.= Mary Herbert (born Sidney), countess
of Pembroke, who died 1621.
Underneath this sable hearse
Lies the subject of all verse--
Sidney’s sister, Pembroke’s mother.
Death, ere thou hast slain another
Fair, and good, and learned as she,
Time shall throw his dart at thee.
Ben Jonson (1574-1637).
=Sid´rophel=, William Lily, the astrologer.
Quoth Ralph, “Not far from hence doth dwell
A cunning man, hight Sidrophel,
That deals in destiny’s dark counsels,
And sage opinions of the moon sells;
To whom all people, far and near,
On deep importances repair.”
S. Butler, _Hudibras_, ii. 3 (1664).
=Siebel=, Margheri´ta’s rejected lover, in the opera of _Faust e
Margherita_, by Gounod (1859).
=Siége.= _Mon siége est fait_, my opinion is fixed, and I cannot change
it. This proverb rose thus: The abbé de Vertot wrote the history of a
certain siege, and applied to a friend for some geographical
particulars. These particulars did not arrive till the matter had passed
the press; so the abbé remarked with a shrug, “Bah! mon siége est fait.”
=Siege Perilous= (_The_). The Round Table contained sieges for 150
knights, but three of them were “reserved.” Of these, two were posts of
honor, but the third was reserved for him who was destined to achieve
the quest of the Holy Graal. This seat was called “perilous,” because if
any one sat therein, except he for whom it was reserved, it would be his
death. Every seat of the table bore the name of its rightful occupant,
in letters of gold, and the name on the “Siege Perilous” was Sir Galahad
(son of Sir Launcelot and Elaine).
Said Merlin, “There shall no man sit in the two void places but
they that shall be of most worship. But in the _Siege Perilous_
there shall no man sit but one, and if any other be so hardy as to
do it, he shall be destroyed.”--Pt. i. 48.
Then the old man made Sir Galahad unarm; and he put on him a coat
of red sandel, with a mantel upon his shoulder furred with fine
ermines ... and he brought him unto the Siege Perilous, when he sat
beside Sir Launcelot. And the good old man lifted up the cloth, and
found there these words written: THE SIEGE OF SIR GALAHAD.--Sir T.
Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 32 (1470).
=Siege of Calais=, a novel by Mde. de Tencin (1681-1749). George Colman
has a drama with the same title.
=Siege of Damascus.= Damascus was besieged by the Arabs while Eu´menês was
governor. The general of the Syrians was Pho´cyas, and of the Arabs,
Caled. Phocyas asked Eumenês’s permission to marry his daughter,
Eudo´cia, but was sternly refused. After gaining several victories he
fell into the hands of the Arabs, and then joined them in their siege in
order to revenge himself on Eumenês. Eudocia fell into his power, but
she refused to marry a traitor. Caled requested Phocyas to point out to
him the governor’s tent; on being refused, they fought, and Caled fell.
Abudah, being now in chief command, made an honorable peace with the
Syrians, Phocyas died, and Eudocia retired to a convent.--J. Hughes,
_Siege of Damascus_ (1720).
=Siege of Rhodes=, by Sir W. Davenant (1656).
=Sieg´fried= [_Seeg.freed_], hero of pt. i. of the _Nibelungen Lied_, the
old German epic. Siegfried was a young warrior of peerless strength and
beauty, invulnerable except in one spot between his shoulders. He
vanquished the Nibelungs, and carried away their immense hoards of gold
and precious stones. He wooed and won Kriemhild, the sister of Günther,
king of Burgundy, but was treacherously killed by Hagan while stooping
for a draught of water after a hunting expedition.
Siegfried had a cape, or cloak, which rendered him invisible, the gift
of the dwarf, Alberich; and his sword, called Balmung, was forged by
Wieland, blacksmith of the Teutonic gods.
This epic consists of a number of different lays by the old
minnesingers, pieced together into a connected story as early as 1210.
It is of Scandinavian origin, and is in the _Younger Edda_, amongst the
“Völsunga Sagas” (compiled by Snorro, in the thirteenth century).
_Siegfried’s Birthplace._ He was born in Phinecastle, then called
Xanton.
_Siegfried’s Father and Mother._ Siegfried was the youngest son of
Siegmund and Sieglind, king and queen of the Netherlands.
_Siegfried called Horny._ He was called horny because, when he slew the
dragon, he bathed in its blood, and became covered with a horny hide
which was invulnerable. A linden leaf happened to fall on his back
between his shoulder-blades, and, as the blood did not touch this spot,
it remained vulnerable.--The minnesingers, _The Nibelungen Lied_ (1210).
=Sieg´fried von Lindenberg=, the hero of a comic German romance by Müller
(1779). Still popular and very amusing.
=Sieglind= [_Seeg.lind_], the mother of Siegfried, and wife of Siegmund,
king of the Netherlands.--The minnesingers, _The Nibelungen Lied_
(1210).
=Siegmund= [_Seeg.mund_], king of the Netherlands. His wife was Sieglind,
and his son, Siegfried [_Seeg.freed_].--The minnesingers, _The
Nibelungen Lied_ (1210).
=Sige´ro=, “the Good,” slain by Argantês. Argantês hurled his spear at
Godfrey, but it struck Sigēro, who “rejoiced to suffer in his
sovereign’s place.”--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, xi. (1575).
=Sightly= (_Captain_), a dashing young officer, who runs away with
Priscilla Tomboy, but subsequently obtains her guardian’s consent to
marry her.--_The Romp_ (altered from Bickerstaff’s _Love in the City_).
=Sigismonda=, daughter of Tancred, king of Salerno. She fell in love with
Guiscardo, her father’s squire, revealed to him her love, and married
him in a cavern attached to the palace. Tancred discovered them in each
other’s embrace, and gave secret orders to waylay the bridegroom and
strangle him. He then went to Sigismonda, and reproved her for her
degrading choice, which she boldly justified. Next day, she received a
human heart in a gold casket, knew instinctively that it was
Guiscardo’s, and poisoned herself. Her father being sent for, she
survived just long enough to request that she might be buried in the
same grave as her young husband, and Tancred:
Too late repenting of his cruel deed,
One common sepulchre for both decreed;
Intombed the wretched pair in royal state,
And on their monument inscribed their fate.
Dryden, _Sigismonda and Guiscardo_ (from Boccaccio).
=Sigismund=, emperor of Austria.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_
(time, Edward IV.).
=Sigismunda=, daughter of Siffrēdi, lord high chancellor of Sicily, and
betrothed to Count Tancred. When King Roger died, he left the crown of
Sicily to Tancred, on condition that he married Constantia, by which
means the rival lines would be united, and the country saved from civil
war. Tancred gave a tacit consent, intending to obtain a dispensation;
but Sigismunda, in a moment of wounded pride, consented to marry Earl
Osmond. When King Tancred obtained an interview with Sigismunda, to
explain his conduct, Osmond challenged him, and they fought. Osmond
fell, and when his wife ran to him, he thrust his sword into her and
killed her.--J. Thomson, _Tancred and Sigismunda_ (1745).
⁂ This tragedy is based on “The Baneful Marriage,” an episode in _Gil
Blas_, founded on fact.
_Sigismunda_, the heroine of Cervantes’s last work of fiction. This tale
is a tissue of episodes, full of most incredible adventures, astounding
prodigies, impossible characters, and extravagant sentiments. It is said
that Cervantes himself preferred it to his _Don Quixote_, just as
Corneille preferred _Nicomede_ to his _Cid_, and Milton _Paradise
Regained_ to his _Paradise Lost_.--_Encyc. Brit._, Art. “Romance.”
=Sigurd=, the hero of an old Scandinavian legend. Sigurd discovered
Brynhild, encased in a complete armor, lying in a death-like sleep, to
which she had been condemned by Odin. Sigurd woke her by opening her
corselet, fell in love with her, promised to marry her, but deserted her
for Gudrun. This ill-starred union was the cause of an _Iliad_ of woes.
An analysis of this romance was published by Weber in his _Illustrations
of Northern Antiquities_ (1810).
=Sijil= (_Al_), the recording angel.
On that day we will roll up the heavens as the angel Al Sijil
rolleth up the scroll wherein every man’s actions are
recorded.--_Al Korân_, xxi.
=Sikes= (_Bill_), a burglar, and one of Fagin’s associates. Bill Sikes was
a hardened, irreclaimable villian,[TN-179] but had a conscience which
almost drove him mad after the murder of Nancy, who really loved him
(ch. xlviii.) Bill Sikes (1 _syl._) had an ill-conditioned savage dog,
the beast-image of his master, which he kicked and loved, ill-treated
and fondled.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
The French “Bill Sikes” is “Jean Hiroux,” a creation of Henry Monnier.
=Sikundra= (_The_), a mausoleum about six miles from Agra, raised by
Akhbah “the Great.”
=Silence=, a country justice of asinine dullness when sober, but when in
his cups of most uproarious mirth. He was in the commission of the peace
with his cousin Robert Shallow.
_Falstaff._ I did not think Master Silence had been a man of this
mettle.
_Silence._ Who, I? I have been merry twice and once, ere
now.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV._, act vi. sc. 3 (1598).
=Sile´no=, husband of Mysis; a kind-hearted man, who takes pity on Apollo
when cast to earth by Jupiter, and gives him a home.--Kane O’Hara,
_Midas_ (1764).
=Silent= (_The_), William I., prince of Orange (1533-1584). It was the
principle of Napoleon III., emperor of the French, to “hear, see, and
say nothing.”
=Silent Man= (_The_), the barber of Bagdad, the greatest chatterbox that
ever lived. Being sent for to shave the head and beard of a young man
who was to visit the cadi’s daughter at noon, he kept him from daybreak
to midday, prating, to the unspeakable annoyance of the customer. Being
subsequently taken before the caliph, he ran on telling story after
story about his six brothers. He was called the “Silent Man,” because on
one occasion, being accidentally taken up with ten robbers, he never
said he was not one of the gang. His six brothers were Bacbouc, the
hunchback, Bakbarah, the toothless, Bakac, the one-eyed, Alcouz, the
blind, Alnaschar, the earless, and Schacabac, the hare-lipped.--_Arabian
Nights_ (“The Barber,” and “The Barber’s Six Brothers”).
=Silent Woman= (_The_), a comedy by Ben Jonson (1609). Morose, a miserly
old fellow, who hates to hear any voice but his own, has a young nephew,
Sir Dauphine, who wants to wring from him a third of his property; and
the way he gains his point is this: He induces a lad to pretend to be a
“silent woman.” Morose is so delighted with the phenomenon that he
consents to marry the prodigy; but the moment the ceremony is over, the
boy-wife assumes the character of a virago, whose tongue is a ceaseless
clack. Morose is in despair, and signs away a third of his property to
his nephew, on condition of being rid of this intolerable pest. The
trick is now revealed, Morose retires into private life, and Sir
Dauphine remains master of the situation.
=Sile´nus=, son of Pan, chief of the sile´ni or older satyrs. Silēnus was
the foster-father of Bacchus, the wine-god, and is described as a jovial
old toper, with bald head, pug nose, and pimply face.
Old Silenus, bloated, drunken,
Led by his inebriate satyrs.