CHAPTER XIV_Hero Stories from American History For Elementary Schools

A HERO'S WELCOME

Rarely has the benefactor of a people been awarded such measure of

gratitude as we gave Lafayette, in 1824. Eager crowds flocked into

the cities and the villages to welcome this hero. Thousands of

children, the boys in blue jackets and the girls in white dresses,

scattered flowers before him. If you could get your grandfather or

your grandmother to tell you of this visit, it would be as

interesting as a storybook.

The conditions in the United States were just right for such an

outburst of feeling. Everybody knew the story of the rich French

nobleman, who, at the age of nineteen, had left friends, wife, home,

and native land, to cast his lot with strange people, three thousand

miles away, engaged in fighting for freedom.

It was not until after the battle of Bunker Hill that, at a grand

dinner party, the young marquis heard of our struggle for

independence. He knew neither our country nor our people, and he did

not speak our language; but his sympathies were at once awakened, and

he made up his mind to fight for us.

In the spring of 1777, at his own expense, he bought and fitted out a

vessel with military supplies, and sailed {200} for America. Seven

weeks later, he landed in South Carolina, and at once went to

Philadelphia to offer his services to Congress.

He wrote a note to a member of Congress, in which he said, "After the

sacrifices I have made, I have the right to exact two favors; one is,

to serve at my own expense, the other, to serve as a volunteer."

These manly words and the striking appearance of the young Frenchman,

together with letters from Benjamin Franklin, had their effect. His

services were accepted, and he was made a major general.

For seven years Lafayette served Washington as an aid and a personal

friend. His deep sympathy, his generous conduct, and his gracious

ways won all hearts, from the stately Washington to the humblest

soldier. Personal bravery on the battlefield at once gained fame for

him as a soldier, and made him one of the heroes of the hour. His

example worked wonders in getting the best young men of the country

to enlist in the army.

During the fearful winter at Valley Forge, the young nobleman

suddenly changed his manner of living. Used to ease and personal

comforts, he became even more frugal and self-denying than the

half-starved and half-frozen soldiers. How different it must have

been from the gayeties and the luxuries of the French court of the

winter before!

The battle of Monmouth was fought on a hot Sunday in June, 1778. From

four o'clock in the morning until {201} dusk, Lafayette fought like a

hero. Late at night, when the battle was over, he and Washington lay

upon the same cloak, under a tree, and talked over the strange events

of the day until they fell asleep.

After the battle of Monmouth, Lafayette went back to France to visit

his family, and to plead the cause of his adopted country. He was

kindly received at court.

"Tell us all the good news about our dearly-beloved Americans,"

begged the queen.

To the king, Lafayette spoke plainly: "The money that you spend,

Sire, on one of your court balls would go far towards sending an army

to the colonies in America, and dealing England a blow where she

would most feel it."

In the spring of 1780, Lafayette returned to America with the French

king's pledge of help.

At the close of the Revolution, the gallant young marquis went back

to France, the hero of his nation, but {202} his interest in America

never grew less. When the treaty of peace was signed at Paris, he

hired a vessel and hurried it across the ocean, with the good news.

In 1784, the year after peace was declared, Lafayette visited this

country for the third time. He made Washington a long visit at Mount

Vernon, went over the old battlefields, and met his old comrades.

[Illustration: Lafayette's Visit to Washington at Mount Vernon, in

1784]

In 1824, it was known that Lafayette, now an old man, longed to visit

once more the American people and the scenes he loved so well.

Congress at once requested President Monroe to invite him as the

nation's guest.

Forty years had wrought a marvelous change in America. The thirteen

colonies, in whose cause the young Frenchman came over the sea, had

been united into a nation of twenty-four states. The experiment of

laying the foundation of a great republic had proved successful. The

problem of self-government had been solved.

The United States had taken its place among the great nations of the

world,--a republic of twelve millions of prosperous and happy people.

Towns and cities had sprung up like magic. The tide of immigration

had taken possession of mountain and valley of what was then the far

West.

The people of the young nation were still rejoicing over the glorious

victories of Hull, Decatur, Bainbridge, Perry, and other heroes of

the sea. Less than ten years {203} before, General Jackson had won

his great victory at New Orleans.

Time had dealt heavily with the great generals of the Revolution.

Washington had been laid away in the tomb at Mount Vernon,

twenty-five years before. Greene, Wayne, Marion, Morgan, Schuyler,

Knox, and Lincoln were all dead. Stark had died only two years

before. Sumter was still living. Lafayette was the last surviving

major general of the Revolution.

The people of this country were familiar with Lafayette's remarkable

history since he had left America. They had heard of his lifelong

struggle against tyranny in his native land. They knew him as the

gallant knight who had dealt hard blows in the cause of freedom. They

cared little about the turmoils of French politics, but knew that

this champion of liberty had been for five years in an Austrian

dungeon.

Do you wonder that the grateful people of the sturdy young republic

were eager to receive him as their guest?

In company with his son, George Washington Lafayette, and his private

secretary, Lafayette landed at Staten Island, New York, on Sunday,

August 15, 1824. He spent the night at the house of Vice President

Tompkins. The next day, six thousand citizens came, in a grand

procession of gayly decked vessels, to escort the national guest to

the city. The cannon from the forts and from the men-of-war boomed a

welcome, while two hundred thousand people cheered themselves hoarse.

{204} Within a few days Lafayette went to Washington, and was

formally received as the nation's guest by President Monroe, at the

White House.

[Illustration: President Monroe, who received the Nation's Guest]

As our guest now enters upon an unbroken series of receptions and

triumphal ovations in the twenty-four states of the Union, let us

take a glimpse at his personal appearance.

Lafayette was tall, rather stout, and had a large head. His face was

oval and regular, with a high forehead. His complexion was light, and

his cheeks were red. He had a long nose, and well-arched eyebrows

overhanging grayish blue eyes. He had lost his hair in the Austrian

prison, and in its place wore a curly, reddish brown wig, set low

upon his forehead, thus concealing the heavy wrinkles upon his brow.

"Time has much changed us, for then we were young and active," said

Lafayette to his old friend, the famous Indian chief Red Jacket, whom

he met at Buffalo.

{205} "Alas!" said the aged warrior, who did not suspect the finely

made French wig, "time has left my white brother red cheeks and a

head covered with hair; but for me,--look!" and, untying the

handkerchief that covered his head, the old chieftain showed with a

grim smile that he was entirely bald.

The veteran soldiers of the Revolution said they could not see any

resemblance to their youthful hero of nearly half a century before.

He was always a plain-looking, if not a homely man, but his smile was

magnetic, his face singularly attractive, and his manner full of

sweet and gracious courtesy. To the people of the Revolution he was

always known as "the young marquis."

Lafayette remained in New York four days; but, having promised to

attend the graduating exercises at Harvard College, he was forced to

hasten to Boston. The trip was made by a relay of carriages, with a

large civic and military escort.

Although the party traveled from five o'clock in the morning until

midnight, it took five days to reach the city. Every village along

the route had its triumphal arch, trimmed with flowers and patriotic

mottoes. People came for many miles round, to welcome the great man

and his party. At night the long file of carriages was escorted by

men on horseback, carrying torches. Cannon were fired and church

bells rung, all along the route; while, after dark, huge bonfires

were lighted on the hilltops and on every village green.

{206} When Lafayette appeared, there was wild excitement in the staid

city of Boston. He rode in an open barouche drawn by six white

horses; and was escorted by companies of militia, and by twelve

hundred mounted tradesmen, clad in white frocks.

It seems that Dr. Bowditch, the famous mathematician, a man too

dignified to smile on ordinary occasions, was caught in the crowd

that was waiting for Lafayette. He walked up a flight of steps, that

he might with proper dignity let the crowd pass. At the sight of the

famous Frenchman, he seemed to lose his senses; for in an instant he

was in the front ranks of the crowd, trying to shake hands with the

honored guest, and shouting with all his might.

On this trip Lafayette went east as far as Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

His tour was then directed by way of Worcester, Hartford, and the

familiar scenes of the Hudson, to the South and the Southwest, where

he visited all the large cities. From New Orleans, he ascended the

Mississippi and the Ohio. He then crossed Lake Erie, and, passing

through the state of New York and the old Bay State, visited

Portland, Maine. Returning by Lake Champlain and the Hudson, he

reached New York in time for the magnificent celebration of the

Fourth of July, 1825. The tour was brought to an end in September, by

a visit to the national capital.

Lafayette's journey through the country lasted for more than a year,

and was one unbroken ovation. {207} Towns and cities all over the

land vied with each other in paying him honor. It was one long series

of public dinners, patriotic speeches, bonfires, flower-decked

arches, processions of school children, and brilliant balls.

The old veterans who had fought under Washington eagerly put on their

faded uniforms, and found themselves the heroes of the hour, as they

fought their battles over again to crowds of eager listeners. In

fact, Lafayette's interviews with the old soldiers and the few

surviving officers appear to have been the most interesting and the

most pathetic features of the whole journey.

A few weeks after his arrival in this country, Lafayette went to

Yorktown, to celebrate the anniversary of that notable victory. He

was entertained in the house which had been the headquarters of

Cornwallis, forty-three years before. A single bed was found for the

marquis; but the little village was so crowded that the governor of

Virginia and the great officers of the state were forced to camp on

straw spread on the floor.

A big box of candles, which once belonged to Cornwallis's supplies,

was found in good order in the cellar. They were lighted and arranged

in the middle of the camp, where the ladies and the soldiers danced.

The next day, Lafayette received his callers in the large Washington

tent, which had been brought from Mount Vernon for this purpose.

Branches cut from a fine laurel in front of the Nelson house were

woven into a crown, and placed on the head of the honored guest.

{208} Lafayette at once took it off, and, putting it on the head of

his old comrade, Colonel Nicholas Fish, who helped him carry the

redoubt at Yorktown, said, "Take it; this wreath belongs to you also;

keep it as a deposit for which we must account to our comrades."

"Nick," said Lafayette at another time to this aged man, as the two

old friends sailed up the Hudson, "do you remember when we used to

slide down that hill with the Newburgh girls, on an ox sled?"

On the trip through the Southwest, one of the grandest ovations took

place at Nashville, Tennessee. General Jackson, the hero of New

Orleans, with forty veterans of the Revolution, and thousands of

people from far and near, gave their guest a rousing welcome.

One old German veteran, who came over with Lafayette in 1777, and who

served with him during the whole war, traveled a hundred and fifty

miles over the mountains to reach Nashville.

As he threw himself into his general's arms, he exclaimed, "I have

seen you once again; I have nothing more to wish for; I have lived

long enough."

In the grand procession at New Orleans, one hundred Choctaw Indians

marched in single file. They had been in camp near the city for a

month, that they might be on hand to see "the great warrior," "the

brother of their great father Washington."

It would fill a good-sized book to tell you all the incidents and the

courtesies that marked this triumphal tour.

{209} At Hartford, Connecticut, eight hundred school children, who

had saved their pennies, gave Lafayette a gold medal, and a hundred

veterans of the Revolution escorted him through the city to the boat.

When the grand cavalcade reached Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the rain

came down in torrents, but a thousand school children, crowned with

flowers, lined the road to greet the far-famed man, and not one left

the ranks.

In New York City, there was a firemen's parade with nearly fifty hand

engines, each drawn by thirty red-shirted men. A sham house was built

and set on fire; then, at the captain's signal, the firemen leaped to

the brakes and showed their foreign guest how fire was put out in

America.

Sixty Boston boys, from twelve to fourteen years of age, formed a

flying artillery company, and, keeping just ahead of the long

procession, fired salute after salute as the party neared the city.

While in Boston, Lafayette rode out to Quincy one Sunday, to pay a

visit of respect to the venerable John Adams, and dine with him. He

was astonished to find this noted man and ex-President of the United

States living in a one-story frame house. Although the old statesman

was so feeble that his grandchildren had to put the food into his

mouth, Lafayette said "he kept up the conversation on the old times

with an ease and readiness of memory which made us forget his

eighty-nine years."

{210} One beautiful night while Lafayette was the guest of

Philadelphia, the whole city was illuminated in his honor. Forty

thousand strangers flocked into town for the night. The next morning

the mayor called upon the distinguished guest, and told him that

although it was "a night of joyous and popular effervescence,"

perfect order prevailed, and not a single arrest was made.

A word was coined to express this flood tide of popular homage, and,

for many years afterwards, whenever special honors were paid to

anybody, he was said to be "Lafayetted."

A touching incident shows the spirit of gratitude which seemed to

seize even the humblest of citizens, in trying to please the nation's

guest. The party stopped at a small tavern on a byroad in Virginia,

to rest the horses. The landlord came out and begged Lafayette to

come into his house, if only for five minutes. The marquis, with his

usual courtesy, yielded to the request, and entered.

The plain but neat living room was trimmed with fir trees, and upon

its whitewashed wall was written, in charcoal, "Welcome, Lafayette."

On a small table was a bottle of strong drink, with glasses, as was

the custom in those days. There was also a plate of thin slices of

bread, all neatly covered with a napkin. The landlord introduced his

wife, and brought in his little five-year old boy. The food was

served, and the health of the guest was drunk.

{211} [Illustration: Lafayette's Reception at a Roadside Tavern in

Virginia]

The speech for the occasion was recited by the boy: "General

Lafayette, I thank you for the liberty which you have won for my

father, for my mother, for myself, and for my country."

Lafayette was much moved by the sincerity of it all; and after

kissing the boy and getting into his carriage, he said, with tears in

his eyes, that it was one of the happiest moments of his life.

While on his way to Yorktown, in October, Lafayette paid a visit to

Mount Vernon. Again he passed through the rooms and over the grounds

with which he was so familiar. What memories of its owner, his great

and faithful friend for twenty-two years, must have crowded upon the

old hero!

The remains of Washington then lay in the old tomb near the river.

The door was opened, and Lafayette went down into the vault, where he

remained some moments beside the coffin of his great chief. He came

out with his head bowed, and with tears streaming down {212} his

face. He then led his son into the tomb, where they knelt reverently,

and, after the French fashion, kissed the coffin.

Meanwhile, the fiftieth anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill was

near at hand. The prosperous and happy people of the old Bay State

were preparing a celebration. The corner stone of Bunker Hill

Monument was to be laid by Lafayette.

[Illustration: Bunker Hill Monument]

The weather on this memorable June day was perfect. Never before had

such a crowd been seen in Boston.

A Yankee stage driver very aptly said, "Everything that had wheels

and everything that had legs used them to get to Boston."

Through the densely crowded streets, a grand civic and military

procession of seven thousand people escorted the guests to Bunker

Hill.

As one famous man said, "It seemed as if no spot where a human foot

could plant itself was left unoccupied."

Two hundred officers and soldiers of the Revolution marched at the

head of the procession. One old man, who had been a drummer in the

battle of Bunker Hill, carried the same drum with which he had

rallied the patriot forces.

{213} How they shouted when the hero of the day came riding slowly

along, in an open barouche drawn by six white horses! The women waved

their handkerchiefs and the gayly decked school children scattered

flowers.

How thrilling it was to see those forty white-haired men, the

survivors of Bunker Hill!

During the morning, these honored heroes had been presented to

Lafayette. He had shaken hands with them, had called them by name,

and had spoken a few tender words to each of them, as if to some dear

friend.

[Illustration: Lafayette's Reception, in Boston, to the Veterans of

the Revolution]

Not a field officer or a staff officer of the battle was living.

Captain Clark, the highest surviving officer, came tottering along

under the weight of ninety-five years, to shake hands with the French

nobleman.

The young man who introduced the veterans, and who in after years

became one of the most honored citizens and mayors of Boston, said of

this occasion, "If there were dry eyes in the room, mine were not

among them."

{214} What a scene it was for an historical picture, when the brave

old minister, the Reverend Joseph Thaxter, who was chaplain of

Colonel Prescott's regiment, rose to offer prayer and to give the

benediction! As his feeble voice was lifted to ask for the blessing

of God, it did not seem possible that fifty years before, on the same

spot, this man had stood and prayed for the patriot cause.

Daniel Webster was the orator of the day. A famous Englishman once

said that no man could be as great as Webster looked, and on this day

the majestic orator seemed to tower above all other men.

[Illustration: Daniel Webster]

Every American schoolboy who has had "to speak his piece" knows by

heart the famous passage from this oration, beginning, "Venerable

men! you have come down to us from a former generation. Heaven has

bounteously lengthened out your lives, that you might behold this

joyous day."

Mr. Webster's voice was in such good order that fifteen thousand

people are said to have been able to hear him.

At the banquet during the same evening, the great orator said, "I

shall never desire to behold again the {215} awful spectacle of so

many human faces all turned towards me."

Near the end, Lafayette visited Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. The

veteran statesman, now eighty-one years old, drove his old-time

friend and guest over to a grand banquet at the University of

Virginia. James Madison was present. When the students and the great

crowd of people saw Washington's friend seated between the two aged

statesmen, a shout went up, the like of which, it was said, was never

before heard in the Old Dominion.

When Lafayette arrived in America, in August, 1824, he first visited

the national capital, and was formally received at the White House by

President Monroe and by many of the great men of the country. On his

return to Washington in 1825, he was told that Congress had voted him

two hundred thousand dollars and two large tracts of land, for his

services during the Revolution.

It was now September, and Lafayette had remained in this country much

longer than he had expected. The new President, John Quincy Adams,

gave him a farewell dinner at the White House, with a large party of

notable men. The President's formal farewell to the country's guest

is a classic in our literature.

Amid the blessings and the prayers of a grateful people, Lafayette

sailed for France in the new and beautiful frigate Brandywine, which

had been built and named in his honor.

{216} For years afterwards, some people used to tell their children,

with a peculiar thrill and feeling of awe, that a beautiful rainbow

arched the heavens just before Lafayette landed at Staten Island, and

that an equally beautiful symbol of peace spanned the broad ocean, as

the steamboat moved slowly down Chesapeake Bay, to take the nation's

guest on board the Brandywine.

QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW

CHAPTER I, PAGE 1

THE HERO OF VINCENNES

1. Who was Daniel Boone?

2. When did Boone live?

3. How old was George Rogers Clark at this time?

4. Was Clark brave?

5. Why were the pioneers so long in hearing of the battle of

Lexington, which was fought in April?

6. How did Lexington, Kentucky, get its name?

7. What kind of life did the pioneers lead in the wilderness?

8. Did the pioneers have other enemies besides the Indians?

9. Why did Clark go back to Virginia?

10. Who lived north of the Ohio?

11. Why did England try to keep the Americans from going west?

12. Who was Hamilton the "hair buyer"?

13. What made the Indians so hostile to the pioneers?

14. How did Clark plan to defend Kentucky?

15. Where was the Illinois country?

16. Why did Clark go back a second time to Virginia?

17. Did anybody think well of Clark's plan of campaign?

18. How much of an army did Clark have for his campaign?

19. Where did Clark plan to begin his campaign?

20. Why did Clark avoid the Mississippi River?

21. Whom did Clark have as guides?

22. How long a march was it to Kaskaskia?

23. What time of year was it when Clark marched to Kaskaskia?

24. Did Clark have trouble in getting into the town of Kaskaskia?

25. What were the people of Kaskaskia doing?

26. How did Clark introduce himself?

27. Who were the Creoles? (Consult a large dictionary.)

28. Who helped Clark make friends?

29. What sort of man was Clark?

30. What did Hamilton do when he heard of Clark's conquest?

31. Why did not Hamilton march from Vincennes to Kaskaskia?

32. Why did Clark decide to push on to Vincennes?

33. At what time of year did Clark start for Vincennes?

34. What did the little army have for food?

35. What hindered Clark's march?

36. How long did it take to cross the plain of the Wabash River?

37. What is a dugout?

38. How did the army get along in crossing the Horseshoe Plain?

39. Who announced Clark's arrival at Vincennes?

40. At what time did Clark reach the village?

41. Why did not Clark allow his men to storm the fort?

42. How did Clark get possession of the fort?

43. Why was Clark's campaign so important?

44. What states are now in this region of Clark's conquest?

45. Do you think Clark was a hero?

CHAPTER II, PAGE 18

A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN

1. Who led the patriots to victory at Saratoga, New York?

2. Why did Arnold's leg deserve to be buried with the honors of war?

3. When the Revolution began, why did Washington wish to attack

Canada?

4. Why did Washington like Benedict Arnold?

5. How had Arnold got information about Canada?

6. How did Arnold try to make friends of the Indians?

7. What is wampum?

8. How was the expedition to reach Canada?

9. Why was it easy to get soldiers for this campaign?

10. What time of year was it when the army started?

11. How were the soldiers treated at Newburyport and at Fort Western?

12. Who was Jacataqua?

13. Why did Jacataqua decide to go with the troops?

14. How was the army divided?

15. What trouble did they have with their boats?

16. What is a carrying place?

17. What made the army diminish in numbers?

18. Why was it so hard to reach the Dead River?

19. Why was the ascent of the Dead River so difficult?

20. How many cups of flour in half a pint?

21. What sort of patriot was Colonel Enos?

22. When the flour was gone, what did the army do for food?

23. What did Jacataqua do?

24. What did Arnold do to save his army?

25. What sort of man was Arnold at this time?

26. How far did Arnold have to go to get provisions?

27. When did the army reach Point Levi?

28. What was the condition of the army when it reached Point Levi?

29. What did the Indians do who learned of Arnold's approach?

30. How did Arnold reach the city of Quebec?

31. How did the British treat Arnold and his men?

32. Why did Arnold leave Quebec?

33. What did Sir Guy Carleton do to save Quebec?

34. Why did the patriots wait so long before attacking the city?

35. How was the attack to be made?

36. What happened to Montgomery, Arnold, and Morgan?

37. How did relief finally come to Quebec?

38. How long had this campaign lasted?

CHAPTER III, PAGE 36

HOW PALMETTO LOGS MAY BE USED

1. Why did the British destroy Norfolk?

2. Why did England wish to punish North Carolina first of all?

3. Why did Sir Henry Clinton delay the attack upon North Carolina?

4. Why did Lord Campbell wish to capture Charleston?

5. What sort of people were the South Carolinians?

6. Why was a fort built on Sullivan's Island?

7. Who was Moultrie?

8. How were the walls of the fort made?

9. How many cannon did Moultrie have?

10. What made the patriots skillful in firing the cannon?

11. What was the difference between General Charles Lee and Governor

Rutledge?

12. What sort of man was Colonel Moultrie?

13. How did the British plan to attack the fort?

14. How was the weather on the day of the battle?

15. How many cannon were the British able to fire at one time?

16. What happened to the men-of-war when they were changing their

positions?

17. What sort of men were in the palmetto fort?

18. Do you know a good use for palmetto logs?

19. What share in the battle did Sir Henry Clinton and his men have?

20. Did the patriots have plenty of powder?

21. What did McDaniel think about when he was dying?

22. Why did the people of Charleston suppose the fort had

surrendered?

23. What did Jasper do to save the flag?

24. Why did not Jasper accept promotion?

25. The people of South Carolina decreed that the fort on Sullivan's

Island should forever be called Fort Moultrie. Why do you think they

did so?

26. What was the effect of Moultrie's victory?

27. What can you say of Moultrie's after life?

CHAPTER IV, PAGE 50

THE PATRIOT SPY

1. What condition of affairs was troubling Washington at this time?

2. Were the British well situated at this time?

3. Why did Washington withdraw from New York?

4. What did Washington think should be done?

5. What kind of man was needed to carry out Washington's plan?

6. Why did Knowlton find it hard to get a man for Washington's

purpose?

7. What reason did Nathan Hale give for volunteering to act as spy?

8. What kind of home did Hale have?

9. What kind of boy had Hale been?

10. What was Hale doing at the time of the battle of Lexington?

11. What did Hale do when he learned of the battle of Lexington?

12. What kind of life did Hale lead when captain in the army?

13. How did Hale disguise himself?

14. What sort of place was "The Cedars"?

15. Was it wise for Hale to spend the night at "Mother Chick's"

tavern?

16. What did the British marines do with Hale?

17. Where did the captain of the Halifax send Hale?

18. Did Hale receive a trial?

19. What do you think of Cunningham?

20. What regret did Hale have?

21. How was Hale executed?

22. Where was Hale buried?

23. Was Hale a patriot?

24. Would you call Hale a hero?

CHAPTER V, PAGE 62

OUR GREATEST PATRIOT

1. Whom do you consider our greatest patriot?

2. What kind of example has Washington set us?

3. Why do we admire Washington?

4. What was Washington's appearance?

5. What do you know of Washington's strength?

6. What was Washington's favorite amusement?

7. What can you say of Washington's dignity?

8. What was Washington's diet?

9. What do you know of Washington's fondness for fine dress?

10. What can you say of Washington's education?

11. What kind of horseman was Washington?

12. How wealthy was Washington?

13. How did Washington become so wealthy?

14. How much land did Washington have?

15. What did Washington think of slaves?

16. How did Washington treat his slaves?

17. How did Washington's slaves treat him?

18. Why did Washington call his house "a well resorted tavern"?

19. What can you say of Washington's charity?

20. What kept Washington from financial ruin?

21. How did Washington look when at the meeting at Newburgh, New

York?

22. How was the first President of the United States dressed when he

made his formal visit to Congress?

23. What can you say of Washington's gravity?

24. What do you know of President Washington's public receptions?

25. How did the guests enjoy President Washington's grand dinners?

26. In what did Washington's greatness consist?

CHAPTER VI, PAGE 77

A MIDNIGHT SURPRISE

1. What sort of general was Washington?

2. What did General Clinton think of Washington?

3. What part of the country did Washington need to protect?

4. What did the British do in May, 1779?

5. Why was it important for the Americans to have possession of

King's Ferry?

6. Where did the patriot army now take up its quarters?

7. How did the British soldiers act in Connecticut?

8. Why did General Clinton send out raiders?

9. Why did not Washington follow up Clinton's raiders?

10. What did Washington decide to do?

11. What kind of place was Stony Point?

12. Who had possession of Stony Point?

13. How was Stony Point defended?

14. How many soldiers were in the garrison at Stony Point?

15. What does Washington Irving say of Stony Point?

16. What name did the British give to Stony Point?

17. Who led the attack on Stony Point?

18. How old was General Anthony Wayne at this time?

19. How did Wayne look?

20. Why was Wayne called "Mad Anthony"?

21. What sort of soldier was Anthony Wayne?

22. What was Washington's plan of attack?

23. At what hour was the attack to be made?

24. What weapons were to be used in attacking Stony Point?

25. How many men were chosen to go to Stony Point?

26. What time of year was it now?

27. Why was the soldier put to death for loading his gun?

28. What sort of road was it to Stony Point?

29. When did the men learn where they were going?

30. What was the watchword?

31. What did Wayne write to his friend?

32. What did Pompey do?

33. How did Wayne divide his army to make the attack?

34. What is a "forlorn hope"? (Consult a large dictionary.)

35. How did the Americans show their good discipline?

36. What are pioneers? (Consult a large dictionary.)

37. What was the effect of having Colonel Murfree and his men appear

in front of the fort?

38. How long did the fight last?

39. How many of the British escaped from Stony Point?

40. Why did not Washington hold Stony Point?

41. What effect did this victory have on the American soldier?

42. What did the British think of the "rebels"?

43. How did General Clinton take it all?

CHAPTER VII, PAGE 90

THE DEFEAT OF THE RED DRAGOONS

1. How did the patriots of the South get on in 1780?

2. What have we already learned about Sir Henry Clinton? (See the

Index entry for Clinton.)

3. What were General Gates's "Northern laurels"? (See Chapter II.)

4. What sort of man was Gates? (Compare Chapter VIII.)

5. What effect did the crushing blows of the British have on the

Southern patriots?

6. What orders did Tarleton and Ferguson receive from Lord

Cornwallis?

7. What sort of man was Ferguson?

8. What threat did Ferguson send to the backwoodsmen?

9. What was the character of the Franklin and Holston settlers?

10. What is the name of the state that grew out of the Franklin and

Holston settlements?

11. What have we already learned about the Holston settlements? (See

Chapter I.)

12. What had become of the lawless men of the Franklin and Holston

settlements?

13. What did the people do when they heard Ferguson's threat?

14. Where was the money got to buy supplies for the army?

15. What do you know of the gathering at Sycamore Shoals?

16. How were the backwoodsmen dressed?

17. What arms did the backwoodsmen have?

18. Who was Samuel Doak?

19. Why were the bands of pioneers put under one supreme commander?

20. Why did the backwoodsmen not find Ferguson at Gilberttown?

21. What kind of spirit did the pioneers show in their pursuit of

Ferguson?

22. How far away were the patriots when Ferguson camped at King's

Mountain?

23. Why did Ferguson choose King's Mountain for his camp?

24. How long were the riflemen in getting from Cowpens to King's

Mountain?

25. What was the riflemen's plan of attack?

26. How was Ferguson killed?

27. Who succeeded Ferguson in command?

28. Why was this battle so fierce?

29. What was the effect of the victory at King's Mountain?

CHAPTER VIII, PAGE 105

FROM TEAMSTER TO MAJOR GENERAL

1. What have we already learned of Gates? (See the Index entry for

Gates.)

2. Where was Daniel Morgan's home?

3. What kind of education did Morgan have?

4. Why was Morgan well thought of by the village people?

5. What kind of times were at hand?

6. Why did Morgan wish to fight the bully?

7. What is a drumhead court-martial? (Consult a large dictionary.)

8. What do you know of Morgan's strength?

9. Why did Morgan stop driving army wagons?

10. Why did Governor Dinwiddie object to promoting Morgan?

11. How did Morgan escape from the Indian?

12. What effect did the army life have on Morgan?

13. What can you say of Morgan's marriage?

14. What do you know of Morgan's religious life?

15. When was Morgan appointed captain?

16. How many men answered Morgan's call?

17. How long a march was it to Boston?

18. When was Morgan made a colonel?

19. What kind of regiment did Morgan command?

20. What was the duty of Morgan and his sharpshooters?

21. What have we already learned about Morgan at Saratoga, New York?

(See Chapter II.)

22. How did the Hessians like Morgan's riflemen?

23. What did Burgoyne think of Morgan's regiment?

24. Why did Morgan leave the army for a while?

25. Why did Morgan return to the army?

26. When was Morgan made a brigadier general?

27. What do you remember about King's Mountain? (See the last half of

Chapter VII.)

28. Why did the battle of Cowpens make Morgan so famous?

29. What does John Fiske say of this battle?

30. What do you know of Colonel Tarleton? (See Chapter VII.)

31. Where did Morgan get the names "old wagoner," "wagoner," and

"teamster"? (See earlier in this chapter.)

32. Why did not Morgan meet Tarleton at once?

33. Why did Morgan choose Cowpens for his battle ground?

34. What did Tarleton do when the spy told him that Morgan had

halted?

35. What was the condition of Morgan and his men when Tarleton

appeared?

36. What was the condition of Tarleton's soldiers when they began the

battle?

37. What did Tarleton do when defeat came?

38. What did the young ladies say to Tarleton?

39. How did Morgan outwit Lord Cornwallis?

40. Why did Morgan again retire from service?

41. When did Morgan again take part in the war?

42. What do you know about Wayne? (See Chapter VI.)

43. How was Morgan remembered by Washington and other leaders?

44. In how many battles did Morgan take part?

45. What was Morgan besides being a great soldier?

46. What was Morgan's success due to?

47. How is Morgan's valor commemorated?

CHAPTER IX, PAGE 123

THE FINAL VICTORY

1. What have you already learned about General Greene? (See Chapter

VIII.)

2. What was the condition of Lord Cornwallis after his victory over

Greene?

3. What did Cornwallis now do?

4. Where is Petersburg, Virginia? (See the map in Chapter VII.)

5. What was the nationality of Lafayette?

6. Where is Yorktown? (See the map in Chapter VII.)

7. Where was Washington at this time?

8. Where was the main part of the patriot army at this time?

9. What was Washington planning to do?

10. Who was Count de Grasse?

11. Why did news travel so slowly in those days?

12. Why did Washington need a fleet?

13. What did Washington hope to do with the assistance of the French

fleet?

14. Where was Sir Henry Clinton at this time?

15. Why did Washington send troops to Long Island?

16. Why was the young minister sent through the Clove?

17. How were the Continental and French troops received at

Philadelphia?

18. How large an army did Washington have in Virginia?

19. What have we already learned of Rochambeau? (See earlier in this

chapter.)

20. When did Sir Henry Clinton begin to open his eyes?

21. How did the British fleet fare at Chesapeake Bay?

22. Why did not Lord Cornwallis retreat from Yorktown?

23. Why did the patriots hasten the siege of Yorktown?

24. What last attempt did Lord Cornwallis make?

25. Where did Lord Cornwallis have his headquarters?

26. What kind of man was Governor Nelson?

27. Where did Lord Cornwallis finally make his headquarters?

28. What message did Sir Henry Clinton send Lord Cornwallis?

29. How long did the siege of Yorktown continue?

30. Why did Lord Cornwallis wish a truce for so long a time?

31. What was Washington's reply to Lord Cornwallis?

32. How many soldiers were there in Cornwallis's army?

33. Why did not Cornwallis take part in the surrender?

34. Whom did Washington send to receive Cornwallis's sword?

35. Why did the armies hurry away from Yorktown?

36. How might Sir Henry Clinton have changed the history of Yorktown?

37. How did the people get news of the surrender?

38. How was the news received by the prime minister of England, and

by the king?

39. What did King George say of the Yankees?

40. How is the surrender of Cornwallis commemorated?

CHAPTER X, PAGE 138

THE CRISIS

1. What battle began the war of the Revolution? (See Chapter I.)

2. How long did the war last?

3. What did Thomas Paine, the author of the pamphlet called "Common

Sense," say of the Revolutionary War?

4. What does John Fiske say of our condition after peace was made?

5. Why did the colonies band together in 1774?

6. Why did the Continental Congress decline in power?

7. What is a federation? (Consult a large dictionary.)

8. Why did the people care so little about a federation, or federal

government?

9. What did Washington say in his letter to the colonies?

10. What authority did the Continental Congress have?

11. What kind of men were delegates to the Continental Congress?

12. How long did the Continental Congress continue to act?

13. What was done by the Continental Congress?

14. What is a privateer? (Consult a large dictionary.)

15. What can you say of the Articles of Confederation?

16. What power did the Articles of Confederation grant to each state?

17. What power did Congress have under the Articles of Confederation?

18. How obedient were the states to the Articles of Confederation?

19. What was the condition of paper money in 1780?

20. How long had a soldier to serve before he could buy a bushel of

wheat?

21. How did the states begin to treat each other?

22. What can you say of imprisonment for debt?

23. How did Washington and others begin to work out the problem of

our national existence?

24. How successful was the meeting at Annapolis?

25. What further troubles occurred in 1786?

26. How was England affected by our troubles?

27. What prediction about our nation was made in Parliament?

28. What opinion of us did Frederick the Great, King of Prussia,

have?

29. What did the people of the several states at last begin to think?

30. What state took the lead in sending delegates to Philadelphia?

31. How many states were represented at Philadelphia?

32. What kind of men were sent to the Philadelphia convention?

33. Who, next to Washington, was the most noted man at the

Philadelphia convention?

34. Can you name some others of the delegates to the Philadelphia

convention?

35. Why did not Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Patrick Henry, and

Samuel Adams attend the Philadelphia convention?

36. What do you know of Nathanael Greene? (See page 105.)

37. Who was chosen president of the Philadelphia convention?

38. How long did the Philadelphia convention continue in session?

39. How did some of the delegates wish to deal with the great problem

of the national government?

40. How did Washington convince the delegates of their duty?

41. By what means did the delegates at Philadelphia succeed in

agreeing on a form of federal government?

42. What is a compromise? (Consult a large dictionary.)

43. What was the first compromise in framing the Constitution?

44. What was the second compromise in framing the Constitution?

45. What question about the slaves arose?

46. How was it decided to count the slaves?

47. How did Washington and others feel about the second compromise?

48. What was the cause of the third compromise?

49. What was the third compromise?

50. What did Washington think of the Constitution?

51. What was Franklin's opinion of the Constitution?

52. When was the Constitution to become law?

53. To what two political parties did the Constitution give rise?

54. What did many of the people throughout the country think of the

Constitution?

55. Which was the first state to sign the Constitution?

56. Why was the Fourth of July in 1788 so glorious?

57. Who was the first President, and who the first Vice President, of

the new nation?

58. What did Gladstone say of the Constitution?

59. Why do we owe such a debt of gratitude to the builders of "the

good ship Constitution"?

CHAPTER XI, PAGE 156

A DARING EXPLOIT

1. Who were the Barbary pirates?

2. Why did we buy the good will of the Barbary pirates?

3. What is blackmail? (Consult a large dictionary.)

4. What did Thomas Jefferson think should be done concerning the

Barbary pirates?

5. Who was sent to the Mediterranean Sea?

6. What was the exploit of the Enterprise?

7. What is a pasha? (Consult a large dictionary.)

8. What happened to the frigate Philadelphia and her crew?

9. What did Commodore Preble do when the Philadelphia was captured?

10. Why was Stephen Decatur chosen to destroy the Philadelphia?

11. What was Decatur's plan for destroying the Philadelphia?

12. What is a ketch? (Consult a large dictionary.)

13. How many men volunteered for the dangerous undertaking?

14. What kind of time did Decatur and his men have off the shore of

Tripoli?

15. What happened to the Siren?

16. How was the Philadelphia guarded?

17. What was the object in dragging sails and buckets in the water?

18. How did Decatur deceive the pirate officer?

19. How did the pirates discover the Americans?

20. What kind of fighters were the Tripolitan pirates said to be?

21. How long did the fight on board the Philadelphia last?

22. How many of Decatur's men were injured?

23. What did the Americans do with the Philadelphia?

24. Why were the Americans obliged to burn the Philadelphia? (Read

earlier in this chapter.)

25. How successful were the pirates in firing at the Americans?

26. What did the sailors say afterwards about the burning ship?

27. Why was it the Americans were so successful in burning the

Philadelphia?

28. What did Nelson say of Decatur's deed?

29. What promotion did Decatur receive?

CHAPTER XII, PAGE 169

"OLD IRONSIDES"

1. What did the Secretary of the Navy in 1833 intend to do with the

Constitution?

2. Why did Congress decide to rebuild the Constitution?

3. What troubles did we have with other nations during the first

twenty-five years of our national life?

4. Why was Washington instructed to add six war ships to our navy?

5. Where was the Constitution built?

6. How does the Constitution compare in size with our modern war

ships?

7. Why did England model some of her ships after "Old Ironsides"?

8. When was the Constitution launched?

9. What success did the Constitution have in fighting with Tripoli?

10. How did Commodore Preble treat Decatur after his capture of the

Tripolitan gunboats?

11. How did Captain Isaac Hull get away from the British fleet?

12. How did Captain Hull win a hat from Captain Dacres?

13. How is the Constitution said to have received the name "Old

Ironsides"?

14. What kind of welcome did Boston have in store for Captain Hull?

15. What was the hardest battle that "Old Ironsides" had?

16. What was done with the wheel of the Java?

17. Why was not a new wheel put on "Old Ironsides"?

18. How did Captain Bainbridge treat the dying Captain Lambert?

19. What was the Constitution's last battle?

20. What is said of Captain Stewart's seamanship in the last battle

of "Old Ironsides"?

21. When was "Old Ironsides" taken to Newport?

22. How was "Old Ironsides" used at Newport?

23. What is a receiving ship? (Consult a large dictionary, under the

word "receive" or "receiving.")

24. When was "Old Ironsides" taken to Charlestown?

25. How much of the original ship Constitution still exists?

26. Why were the battles of "Old Ironsides" so important to us as a

nation?

27. Why should we continue to preserve "Old Ironsides"?

CHAPTER XIII, PAGE 185

"OLD HICKORY'S" CHRISTMAS

1. Why were both England and France so jealous of us a century ago?

2. What did England and France do to our merchantmen?

3. Why did we not declare war on Great Britain before 1812?

4. How did our navy compare with England's in 1812?

5. What was England's plan in 1814?

6. What was the character of New Orleans?

7. Who was the "Iron Duke"? (Wellington.)

8. When did the British fleet arrive at the delta of the Mississippi?

9. Why was General Jackson so busy just before Christmas?

10. How was the alarm sounded to the people of New Orleans?

11. Who answered Jackson's call for assistance?

12. Who came from outside New Orleans to help defend the city?

13. How did the riflemen look as they came into town?

14. Why did Jackson plan to attack the British at once?

15. What did the war schooner Carolina do?

16. How were the British re-enforced on Christmas day?

17. What did Sir Edward Pakenham think of the task before him?

18. How did Pakenham begin his operations?

19. How did Sir Edward fare when he marched out to get a look at the

Americans?

20. What were Jackson's first intrenchments made of?

21. What did Pakenham use for making a redoubt?

22. What happened to Jackson's defenses?

23. Of how much use was Pakenham's redoubt?

24. What did the British now decide to do?

25. What was Jackson's main line of defense?

26. How early did Jackson's men go to their posts on that last Sunday

morning?

27. What happened to Sir Edward Pakenham, and to Generals Gibbs and

Keane?

28. Why did the British lose so many officers in the battle?

29. How long did the engagement on Sunday morning continue?

30. How many men did the British have in the final action, and how

many did the Americans have?

31. How many men did the British lose in the final action, and how

many did the Americans lose?

32. What did General Lambert do after the battle?

33. How was "Old Hickory" honored?

34. Why is the victory a sad one to think of?

35. What was the result of the war of 1812?

CHAPTER XIV, PAGE 199

A HERO'S WELCOME

1. What kind of welcome did we give Lafayette in 1824?

2. Who was Lafayette?

3. Why did Lafayette first come to this country?

4. When did Lafayette first come to this country?

5. Why did Congress accept Lafayette's services?

6. What was the effect of Lafayette's manner and example?

7. How did Lafayette live at Valley Forge?

8. What did Lafayette do on his return to France?

9. What did Lafayette do when peace was declared?

10. When did Lafayette make his third trip to this country?

11. How had our country changed when Lafayette came in 1824?

12. What had been Lafayette's career in his own country?

13. Why did it take Lafayette so long to go from New York to Boston?

14. Who was Dr. Bowditch?

15. How much of our country did Lafayette visit?

16. What did Lafayette do with the laurel wreath presented to him at

Yorktown?

17. Can you describe some of the incidents of Lafayette's visit?

18. What did "Lafayetted" mean?

19. What occurred at the tavern in Virginia?

20. How did Lafayette show his affection for Washington?

21. What can you say of the scenes connected with the fiftieth

anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill?

22. Who was the orator at the laying of the corner stone of Bunker

Hill Monument?

23. How was Lafayette received at the University of Virginia?

24. How did Congress show its gratitude for Lafayette's services

during the Revolution?

25. What was the last honor shown the departing guest? (The frigate

on which Lafayette sailed for France was named in commemoration of

Lafayette's gallantry at the battle of the Brandywine. Although

wounded in the leg, Lafayette kept the field till the battle was

over. To the surgeon who cared for the injured Lafayette, Washington

said, "Take care of him as though he were my son.")

PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES

Abigail, _ab'i-gl_.

Adair, _a-dair'_.

Algerine, _al-je-reen'_.

Alleghanies, _al'e-ga-nies_.

Andre, _an'dray_.

Annapolis, _an-nap'o-lis_.

Bailey, _bay'ly_.

Bainbridge, _bain'bridge_.

Barbary, _bar'ba-ry_.

Belgium, _bel'ji-um_.

Borgne, _born_.

Brandywine, _bran'dy-wine_.

Brazil, _bra-zil'_.

Burgoyne, _bur-goin'_.

Cahokia, _ka-ho'ki-a_.

Calhoun, _kal-hoon'_.

Carleton, _karl'ton_.

Carolina, _kar-o-li'na_.

Catalano, _kah-tah-lah'no_.

Catawba, _ka-taw'ba_.

Champlain, _sham-plain'_.

Chaudiere, _sho-de-air'_.

Chesapeake, _ches'a-peek_.

Connecticut, _kon-net'i-kut_.

Cornwallis, _korn-wall'iss_.

Creole, _kre'ole_.

Cunningham, _kun'ing-am_.

Cyane, _see-ann'_.

Dacres, _day'kers_.

Dearborn, _deer'burn_.

Decatur, _de-kay'tur_.

De Grasse, _de-grass'_.

Detroit, _de-troit'_.

Dickinson, _dik'in-son_.

Dinwiddie, _din-wid'y_.

Farragut, _far'a-gut_.

Gardiner, _gard'ner_.

Gerry, _ger'y_ (_g_ as in _get_).

Ghent, _jent_.

Gibault, _zhe-bo'_.

Gibraltar, _ji-brall'tar_.

Gladstone, _glad'ston_.

Gloucester, _gloss'ter_.

Gouverneur, _goo-ver-ner'_.

Grier, _greer_.

Guerriere, _ger-i-air'_ (_g_ as in _get_).

Guilford, _gil'ford_ (_g_ as in _get_).

Hessians, _hesh'ans_.

Illinois, _il-i-noi'_ or _il-i-noiz'_.

Jacataqua, _ja-cat'a-quah_.

Kaskaskia, _kas-kas'ki-a_.

Keane, _keen_.

Kennebec, _ken-e-bek'_.

Lafayette, _lah-fa-yet'_.

Lafitte, _lah-fit'_.

Levant, _le-vant'_.

Louisiana, _loo-eez-i-an'a_.

Louisville, _loo'is-vill_ or _loo'y-vill_.

McDonough, _mak-don'oh_.

Madeira, _ma-de'ra_ or _ma-day'i-ra_.

Maltese, _mall-tees'_ or _mall-teez'_.

Marseillaise, _mar-se-layz'_.

Maryland, _mer'i-land_.

Mediterranean, _med-i-ter-ra'ne-an_.

Megantic, _me-gan'tic_.

Meigs, _megs_.

Montaigne, _mon-tain'_.

Monticello, _mon-te-sel'lo_.

Montreal, _mont-re-all'_.

Morocco, _mo-rock'o_.

Moultrie, _moo'try_ or _mool'try_.

Napoleon, _na-po'le-on_.

Newburyport, _new-ber-y-port'_.

Newfoundland, _new'fund-land_.

Nolichucky, _nol-i-chuck'y_.

Norridgewock, _nor'ij-walk_.

O'Hara, _o-hah'ra_.

Pakenham, _pak'en-am_.

Portsmouth, _ports'muth_.

Preble, _preb'el_.

Prussia, _prush'a_.

Quebec, _kwee-bek'_.

Quincy, _kwin'zy_.

Randolph, _ran'dolf_.

Rappahannock, _rap-a-han'ok_.

Rawdon, _raw'don_.

Rennie, _ren'y_.

Revere, _re-veer'_.

Rochambeau, _ro-sham-bo'_.

St. Louis, _saint loo'is_ or _saint loo'y_.

Saratoga, _sar-a-to'ga_.

Sartigan, _sar'ti-gan_.

Schuyler, _sky'ler_.

Sevier, _se-veer'_.

Shawnees, _shaw-neez'_.

Staten, _stat'en_.

Tallmadge, _tal'mij_.

Ticonderoga, _ti-kon-de-ro'ga_.

Tilghman, _till'man_.

Tompkins, _tomp'kins_.

Tripoli, _trip'o-ly_.

Ville de Paris, _vill de_ (_e_ as in _her_) _pah-ree'_.

Villere, _vil-ray'_.

Vincennes, _vin-senz'_.

Wabash, _waw'bash_.

Watauga, _wa-taw'ga_.

Wayne, _wain_.

Worcester, _woos'ter_ (_oo_ as in _foot_).

APPENDIX

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE AND READING IN THE STUDY OF AMERICAN HISTORY

This book is designed to be used either before the formal text-book

on American history is begun, or to be read in connection with it. It

is also intended to serve as a convenient basis for more extended

work on the part of both teacher and pupils. Hence, to the reading of

the preceding chapters should be added a systematic course in

supplementary reading.

The following plan is suggested, which may be readily modified to

meet the needs of any particular class of pupils:

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR TEACHERS

Two books are of special value to teachers. These are Channing and

Hart's _Guide to American History_ (Ginn & Company, $2.00), and Gordy

and Twitchell's _Pathfinder in American History_ (Lee & Shepard,

$1.20. In separate parts, Part I, 60 cents; Part II, 90 cents).

These two works are replete with suggestions, hints, and helps on

collateral study, with numerous references, detailed lists of topics,

and a wide range of other subjects which make them indispensable to

the teacher of American history.

* * * * * *

NOTE.--The subject of reference books on American history is treated

thoroughly in Montgomery's _American History_ (see "Short List of

Books," page xxxiii in Appendix), and Fiske's _History of the United

States_ (see Appendix D, page 530, Appendix E, page 539, and Appendix

F, page 542).

For original materials pertaining to the colonial period and the

Revolution, admirably edited for school use, consult Hart's

"Source-Readers in American History": No. 1, _Colonial Children_; No.

2, _Camps and Firesides of the Revolution_; No. 3, _How our

Grandfathers Lived_.

* * * * * *

In searching libraries for books on the Revolution, the teacher will

find Winsor's _Reader's Handbook of the American Revolution_ very

useful.

SCHOOL TEXT-BOOKS FOR READING AND REFERENCE

Pupils should have easy access, by means of the school library or

otherwise, to a few of the formal school text-books on American

history. In connection with this book, Montgomery's _Leading Facts of

American History_, Fiske's _History of the United States_,

Eggleston's _History of the United States_, and Steele's _Brief

History of the United States_ (usually known as "Barnes's History")

are especially valuable.

If less difficult and much smaller works are thought desirable, the

following five books are recommended: Montgomery's _Beginner's

American History_, McMaster's _Primary History of the United States_,

Tappan's _Our Country's Story_, Thorpe's _Junior History of the

United States_, and Eggleston's _First Book in American History_.

These books are useful for additional topics, for dates, maps,

illustrations, reference tables, and for filling in subjects which do

not come within the scope of this book.

Pupils should also have easy reference to books from which topics may

be read, or from which may be read sparingly passages indicated by

the teacher. Some of the books which have been suggested are more

useful on account of their interesting style than for strict

historical accuracy. Read the designated works not as a whole, but

only by topics or by selections. They will do much to awaken and

maintain a lively interest in American history.

READING AT HOME

While the study of this book is in progress, it is well for the

pupils to limit their home reading to such books as bear directly

upon the subject. Under this head we have suggested several books

which belong to the "storybook" order. Wholesome books of fiction and

semifiction may certainly do much to stimulate and hold the attention

of young students of American history. Thus, Churchill's _Richard

Carvel_ and Cooper's _Pilot_ furnish stirring scenes in the career of

Paul Jones.

With the home reading, as with all other collateral reading, the

teacher should exercise a careful supervision.

The work in history should be enlivened by reading occasionally,

before the class or the school, poems or prose selections which bear

directly upon the general topic under consideration.[1] For instance,

in the appropriate chapters Finch's well-known poem, "Nathan Hale,"

Simms's "Ballad of King's Mountain," and Holmes's "Old Ironsides" may

be read.

[Footnote 1: For a list of books which may be classed as useful under

the preceding paragraphs, see Blaisdell's _Story of American

History_, pp. 431-434.]

A TOPIC BOOK, OR NOTEBOOK

Teacher and pupil should appreciate the scope and the usefulness of a

topic book, or notebook. By this is meant a blank book of a

convenient size, with semiflexible or board covers, and of at least

forty-eight pages. Into this blank book should be written carefully,

with ink, brief notes, as the several chapters of this book are read

or studied. It may well be a kind of enlarged diary of the pupil's

work.

Make brief notes of the various books read in whole or in part; of

topics not treated in this book but discussed in the class, such as

the treason of Benedict Arnold, the battle of Bennington, etc.; of

references to new books to be reserved for future reading; and of

other subjects which will readily suggest themselves.

This notebook should be enlivened with inexpensive photographic

copies (sold for about one cent each) of famous pictures illustrating

important events in American history. Catalogues giving the exact

titles, the cost, and other details are frequently advertised.

The notebook may be illustrated with photographic reproductions of

such works as Stuart's "Washington"; Faed's "Washington at Trenton";

Trumbull's "The Surrender of Cornwallis" and "Signing the Declaration

of Independence"; Benjamin West's "Penn's Treaty"; Leutze's

"Washington crossing the Delaware"; Vanderlyn's "The Landing of

Columbus"; Johnson's "Old Ironsides"; Overend's "An August Morning

with Farragut"; and many other historical subjects.

Portraits, maps, facsimiles of documents and autographs, etc., etc.

are often easily obtained from book catalogues, guide books,

advertising pages, and secondhand text-books.

All this illustrative material should be pasted into the notebook at

the proper place, neatly and with good judgment, with plenty of space

for margins. Such a compilation is, of course, a matter of slow

growth. It should be preserved as a pleasant reminder of school days.

REFERENCE BOOKS AND SUPPLEMENTARY READING TO BE USED WITH "HERO

STORIES FROM AMERICAN HISTORY"

CHAPTER I, PAGE 1

THE HERO OF VINCENNES

For two short articles on George Rogers Clark, read Roosevelt and

Lodge's _Hero Tales from American History_, p. 29, and Brady's

_Border Fights and Fighters_, p. 211. For a more extended account,

consult Roosevelt's _Winning of the West_, Vol. II, p. 31.

A novel by Maurice Thompson, _Alice of Old Vincennes_, gives a

graphic description of Clark's campaign.

CHAPTER II, PAGE 18

A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN

For an account of Arnold's expedition to Canada, read articles in

_The Century Magazine_ for January and February, 1903, by Professor

Justin H. Smith. Codman's _Arnold's Expedition to Quebec_ is a

fair-sized volume, and full of interest. Read also Lodge's _Story of

the Revolution_, Vol. I, p. 106.

Tomlinson's _Under Colonial Colors_, the story of Arnold's expedition

to Quebec told for boys, is an interesting and stimulating work of

fiction.

CHAPTER III, PAGE 36

HOW PALMETTO LOGS MAY BE USED

The defense of Fort Sullivan is well described in Brady's _American

Fights and Fighters_, p. 5, and Lodge's _Story of the Revolution_,

Vol. I, p. 126.

CHAPTER IV, PAGE 50

THE PATRIOT SPY

Perhaps the most readable account of Nathan Hale is to be found in

Lossing's _Two Spies_ (Andre and Hale). Consult Partridge's _Nathan

Hale_, a character study.

In connection with this story, Chapter XVII, "The Story of Arnold's

Treason," in Blaisdell's _Story of American History_ may be

profitably read.

CHAPTER V, PAGE 62

OUR GREATEST PATRIOT

For the everyday life of Washington, consult Paul Leicester Ford's

_The True George Washington_. Refer to sundry sections in Bolton's

_The Private Soldier under Washington_ and in Herbert's _Washington:

His Homes and his Households_.

Read the stirring romance about Washington, _A Virginia Cavalier_, by

Molly Elliot Seawell.

CHAPTER VI, PAGE 77

A MIDNIGHT SURPRISE

For the capture of Stony Point, read Lodge's _Story of the

Revolution_, Vol. II, p. 130; Brady's _American Fights and Fighters_,

p. 121; and Roosevelt and Lodge's _Hero Tales from American History_,

p. 79. Henry P. Johnston's _The Storming of Stony Point_ is perhaps

the best account ever written of this famous exploit.

CHAPTER VII, PAGE 90

THE DEFEAT OF THE RED DRAGOONS

Read Roosevelt and Lodge's _Hero Tales from American History_, p. 69,

and Lodge's _Story of the Revolution_, p. 56.

In connection with Chapters VII and VIII, read "The War of the

Revolution in the South," in Blaisdell's _Story of American History_,

Chapter XVI, p, 250.

CHAPTER VIII, PAGE 105

FROM TEAMSTER TO MAJOR GENERAL

Read Brady's _American Fights and Fighters_, p. 84, for an account of

General Morgan; also Chapter IV, "King's Mountain and the Cowpens,"

in Lodge's _Story of the Revolution_, Vol. II, p. 56.

CHAPTER IX, PAGE 123

THE FINAL VICTORY

For a description of the battle at Yorktown, read Brady's _American

Fights and Fighters_, p. 143, and Chapter VII in Lodge's _Story of

the Revolution_, p. 165. Henry P. Johnston's _The Yorktown Campaign_

is excellent for collateral reference.

CHAPTER X, PAGE 138

THE CRISIS

Very little collateral reading should be allowed in reading this

chapter on framing the Constitution. Sundry topics may be sparingly

selected for reading from the index to Fiske's _Critical Period of

American History_. Fiske's _Civil Government in the United States_

may be utilized for reference.

Read Brooks's _Century Book for Young Americans_; Chapter II in

Elson's _Side Lights on American History_ (First Series, p. 24), on

"The Framing of the Constitution"; and Chapter XII, p. 283, in

Higginson's _Larger History of the United States_, on "The Birth of a

Nation."

* * * * * *

NOTE.--For the War of the Revolution no more interesting books can be

read by pupils than Brooks's _Century Book of the Revolution_ and

Coffin's _Boys of '76_. Lossing's _Field Book of the Revolution_, in

two large volumes, is interesting, and contains hundreds of

illustrations.

CHAPTER XI, PAGE 156

A DARING EXPLOIT

Read "Decatur and the Philadelphia," in Brady's _American Fights and

Fighters_, p. 199, and "The Burning of the Philadelphia," in

Roosevelt and Lodge's _Hero Tales from American History_, p. 103.

Read Seawell's storybook, _Decatur and Somers_; and Barnes's

_Commodore Bainbridge_, a story.

CHAPTER XII, PAGE 169

"OLD IRONSIDES"

Consult two chapters in Brady's _American Fights and Fighters_: "The

Constitution's Hardest Fight," p. 215, and "The Constitution's Last

Battle," p. 304. Hollis's _Frigate Constitution_ is invaluable for

reading and reference. Refer to Lossing's _History of the War of

1812_ and Lodge's _A Fighting Frigate and Other Essays_.

In connection with this chapter, read "What our Navy did in the War

of 1812," in Blaisdell's _Story of American History_, Chapter XXI, p.

323.

CHAPTER XIII, PAGE 185

"OLD HICKORY'S" CHRISTMAS

Read "The Battle of New Orleans," in Roosevelt and Lodge's _Hero

Tales from American History_, p. 139, and "The Last Battle with

England," in Brady's _American Fights and Fighters_, p. 287. Chapter

XVIII, p. 431, in Higginson's _Larger History of the United States_

is well worth reading.

CHAPTER XIV, PAGE 199

A HERO'S WELCOME

Concerning Lafayette's visit to this country in 1824, no books are

readily accessible. Consult Quincy's _Figures of the Past_ and

Brooks's _The True Story of Lafayette_.

INDEX

Adair, John, the historic reply of, to Colonel Sevier, 94.

Adams, John, abroad, 147.

the first Vice President of the United States, 155.

the visit of Lafayette to, at Quincy, Massachusetts, 209.

Adams, John Quincy, gives Lafayette a farewell dinner at the White

House, 215.

Adams, Samuel, stays at home, 147.

Alexandria, Virginia, Washington attends dances at, 65.

Algerine pirates, the, in the Atlantic, 170.

Ames, Fisher, defends the Constitution, 154.

Andre, Major, the British spy, 61.

Annapolis, delegates meet at, 144.

Anti-Federalists, the, 153.

Arnold, Benedict, 18.

forfeits his place on the monument at Saratoga, 18.

sends spies into Canada, 20.

given command of the expedition to Quebec, in 1776, 20.

leaves Cambridge, 21.

given an ovation at Newburyport, 21.

reaches the Kennebec, 21.

feasted at Fort Western, 21.

divides his army, 22.

ascends the Dead River, 24.

deserted by Colonel Enos, 24.

reaches the Chaudiere River, 25.

crosses Lake Megantic, 27.

starts down the Chaudiere River, 28.

reaches Sartigan, 28.

arrives at Point Levi, 29.

before Quebec, 30.

joins Montgomery, 30.

leads the attack on Quebec and is wounded, 32.

in the hospital, 34.

lays siege to Quebec, 34.

hears from Washington, 34.

the death knell to the hopes of, 35.

in Virginia, 124.

Articles of Confederation, the, 141.

the defects of, 141-144.

Bailey, Abigail, married to Daniel Morgan, 110.

Bainbridge, William, 159, 160.

in command of the Constitution, 180.

Barbary pirates, the, 156, 157, 172.

Barton, Colonel, captures General Prescott, 143.

imprisoned for debt, 143.

Bateaux, built for Arnold's expedition, 21.

Bay State, the, Massachusetts, 144, 206, 212.

Beekman mansion, the, Hale a captive of Howe at, 58, 59.

Bennington, Vermont, John Stark defeats the British at, 105.

Boone, Daniel, 1, 2.

Bowditch, Dr., an anecdote of, 206.

Braddock, General, defeated by the French and Indians, in 1755, 107.

Brazil, "Old Ironsides" destroys the British frigate Java off the

coast of, 180.

Bristol, the, a British man-of-war, 45.

Buford, used as a watchword, 101.

Bunker Hill, the battle of, awakens in Lafayette an interest in us,

199.

Lafayette visits, 212.

Burgoyne, marches down the valley of the Hudson, 114.

defeated at Freeman's Farm and at Saratoga, 114.

Burr, Aaron, 22.

Cahokia, a Creole village in the country of the Illinois Indians, 8.

Calhoun, John C., favors making war on Great Britain, 186.

Cambridge, Massachusetts, Arnold's expedition leaves, 21.

Washington's headquarters at, in the Craigie house, 105.

Morgan marches to, 112.

Camden, defeat of Gates at, 90.

Campbell, Lord, royal governor of South Carolina, 37.

injured in the attack on Fort Sullivan, 46.

Campbell, William, rallies the backwoodsmen, 94.

leads the advance at King's Mountain, 101.

Canada, extending to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, 3. See the map

in Chapter I.

the "back door," 19.

the winters of, 22, 29.

Cape Fear River, the, Clinton sails for, 36.

Carleton, Sir Guy, 19.

leaves Montreal and slips into Quebec, 31.

fortifies Quebec, 31.

Carolina, the, throws shells into the British camp, 190.

Carroll, Colonel, with his riflemen arrives from Nashville, 189.

in the battle of New Orleans, 194.

Carrying places, work at the, 22.

Catalano, the Sicilian pilot, used by Decatur, 162, 164.

Cedars, The, Hale passes a night at, 57.

Champlain, Lake, Lafayette visits, 206.

Charleston, attack on, planned by the British, 37.

the patriots prepare for the defense of, 38.

Charleston Harbor, Sullivan's Island near, 38.

Charlestown, a part of Boston, "Old Ironsides" lies in the navy yard

at, 169, 183, 184.

Charlotte, North Carolina, Gates flees to, 90.

Chaudiere River, the, an army to enter Canada by, 20.

Arnold's army scattered along, 25.

the perils of, 28.

Chesapeake Bay, De Grasse headed for, 126.

De Grasse reaches, 129.

the patriot armies march to, 129.

Clinton sends a fleet to, 130.

Admiral Graves forced to withdraw from, 130.

De Grasse gets control of, 130.

Lafayette returns to France by, 216.

Chick, Mother, the tavern of, 57.

Clark, Captain, at Bunker Hill, 213.

Clark, George Rogers, 1.

starts for Kentucky, 1.

tramps back to Virginia, 2, 5.

receives help from Virginia, 3.

plans great deeds, 4.

sends out spies, 4.

appointed colonel, 5.

helped by Jefferson and Madison, 5.

starts down the Ohio, 6.

begins his march to Kaskaskia, 7.

interrupts the dance, 8.

captures Kaskaskia, 8.

makes friends of the Creoles, 8.

shows the kind of man he is, 9.

visited by Indians, 9.

shows his contempt for the Indians, 9.

an incident showing the boldness of, 10.

decides to recapture Vincennes, 11.

starts for Vincennes, 12.

shows brave leadership, 13.

makes a speech to his men, 13.

captures an Indian canoe, 14.

captures a Creole hunter, 14.

reaches Vincennes, 15.

punishes some Indians, 16.

captures Vincennes, 16.

Clay, Henry, favors making war on Great Britain, 186.

Cleveland, Colonel, rallies the backwoodsmen, 94.

given the supreme command at King's Mountain, 97.

leads the left wing at King's Mountain, 101.

Clinton, Sir Henry, 18.

sails for the Cape Fear River, 36.

at the attack on Fort Sullivan, 44.

receives orders to bring "Mr. Washington" to a decisive action, 77.

makes raids along the coast, 78.

hears of the capture of Stony Point, 87.

at Charleston, 90.

hoodwinked by Washington, 127.

sails for Yorktown, 133, 135.

Coffee, Colonel, and his mounted riflemen at New Orleans, 190.

Commerce controlled by Congress, 151.

Common Sense, a pamphlet by Thomas Paine, 138.

Compromises, the three, in framing the Constitution, 148-151.

Confederation, the Articles of, 141.

the defects of the Articles of, 141-144.

Congress, sends General Gates to the South, 90.

believed in by the people of the South, 93.

calls for ten companies, 112.

gives thanks for the surrender of Cornwallis, 136.

the national, erects a monument at Yorktown, 137.

the weakness of, 139, 142.

the first Continental, 140.

the second Continental, 140.

submits the Constitution to the states, 153.

Connecticut, 54, 125, 143, 146.

Constitution, the, the framing of, 138-155.

the state of the country before, 142-144.

the convention meets to frame, 145.

the noted men who helped frame, 146, 147.

the three compromises in framing, 148-151.

Washington signs, 152.

the witty remark of Franklin about, 152.

the discussions over the adoption of, by the Federalists and by the

Anti-Federalists, 153, 154.

the rejoicings over the adoption of, 154.

Gladstone's opinion of, 155.

Constitution, the frigate, commanded by Preble, 158.

the history of, 169-184.

the poem on, by Oliver Wendell Holmes, 169.

built in Boston, 170.

a description of, 171.

sport made of, by British naval officers, 172.

the launching of, 172.

the battle of, before Tripoli, 173.

the escape of, from a British fleet, 174.

the battle of, with the Guerriere, 176.

the battle of, with the Java, 179.

the battle of, with the Cyane and the Levant, 182.

the after history of, 183.

Constitution Wharf, in Boston, 170.

Continentals, the ragged, 2, 77, 129.

Cornwallis, Lord, given the command in the South, 90.

marches north to Virginia, 91, 123.

attempts to crush Lafayette, 124.

retreats to Yorktown, 125.

attempts to escape from Yorktown, 131.

attempts to break through the American lines, 132.

forced to surrender, 134.

the surrender of, announced in Philadelphia, 136.

Cowpens, the battle of, 116-120.

Craigie house, the, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, becomes Washington's

headquarters, 105.

Creole villages, the, north of the Ohio River, 3, 6, 7-11, 14.

Creoles, the, at New Orleans, 189.

Crisis, the, 138-155. See Constitution.

Cunningham, the cruelty of, to Hale, 59, 60.

Custis, the adopted son of Washington, 66.

Custis, Nellie, Washington's ward, 74.

Cyane, the, a British frigate, destroyed by "Old Ironsides," 182,

183.

Dale, Commodore, sent to the Mediterranean Sea, 157.

captures a Tripolitan war ship, 158.

Daring exploit, a, 156-168. See Philadelphia, the frigate.

Davie, William, a leader in the South, 91.

Dayton, Jonathan, of New Jersey, at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

Dearborn, Captain, kills his fine dog, 26.

Decatur, Stephen, 158.

chosen to destroy the Philadelphia, 161.

calls for volunteers, 162.

sails for Tripoli, 162.

boards the Philadelphia and sets her on fire, 165, 166.

the promotion of, 168.

how received by Commodore Preble, 173.

Deckhard rifle, the, used in the South, 95.

Declaration of Independence, the, 140, 141, 146, 157.

De Grasse, receives orders to act with Washington, 125.

headed for Chesapeake Bay, 126.

defeats the British fleet and controls Chesapeake Bay, 130.

at the blockade of Yorktown, 134.

Delaware, the representation of, in Congress, 149.

the first to adopt the Constitution, 154.

De Peyster, Colonel, the bravery of, 103.

Detroit, Fort, Hamilton's headquarters, 4, 11. See the map in Chapter

Dickinson, John, at the Philadelphia convention, 147.

Dinwiddie, governor of Virginia, 109.

Doak, Rev. Samuel, invokes a blessing before the march to King's

Mountain, 96.

Dragoons, the defeat of the red, 90-104. See King's Mountain.

Du Loup River, the, Arnold's men cross, 29.

Dunmore, Lord, driven from Virginia, 36.

Ellsworth, Oliver, at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

Enos, Colonel, 22, 23.

deserts Arnold, 24.

Enterprise, the, fights a Tripolitan man-of-war, 157.

Experiment, the, a British man-of-war, 46.

Farragut, Admiral, 41.

Federalist, the, 154.

Federalists, the, 153.

Ferguson, Colonel, character of, 91.

enlists Tories and raids the Carolinas, 92.

threatens the backwoodsmen, 92.

the rally of the backwoodsmen to attack, 94.

retreats before the backwoodsmen, 97.

makes a stand at King's Mountain, 99.

defeated at King's Mountain, 101-103.

the death of, at King's Mountain, 102.

Fish, Nicholas, with Lafayette at Yorktown, 208.

Fiske, John, the historian, 115, 139.

Fort Detroit, Hamilton's headquarters, 4, 11. See the map in Chapter

Fort Pitt, 5. See the map in Chapter I.

Fort Sullivan, the defense of, 36-49.

built of palmetto logs, 38.

the mounting of cannon in, 39.

visited by General Lee, 39.

Lee advises the surrender of, 39, 46.

the British plan of attack on, 41.

the attack on, 41-48.

the repulse of the British attack on, 48.

the moral effect of the defense of, 49.

Fort Sumter, 43.

France, the king of, promises us aid, 201.

Franklin and Holston settlements, now Tennessee, 92.

Franklin, Benjamin, at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

work of, in framing the Constitution, 150, 152.

the witty remark of, about the Constitution, 152.

a quotation from the almanac of, 157.

aids Lafayette, 200.

Frederick the Great of Prussia, friendly to us, 145.

Freeman's Farm, Burgoyne defeated at, 114.

French Canadians, the, help Arnold, 28.

French fleet, the, under De Grasse, 125. See De Grasse.

French villages, the, north of the Ohio River, 3, 11, 15.

Gates, General, the statue of, at Saratoga, 18.

sent to take command in the South, 90.

defeated at Camden, South Carolina, 90.

the character of, 90, 105.

George, King, receives word of Cornwallis's surrender, 137.

Georgia, overrun by the British, 90.

protests against abolishing slavery, 150.

Germantown, Pennsylvania, Wayne at, 82.

Gerry, Elbridge, at the Philadelphia convention, 147.

Gibault, Father, aids Clark, 8.

Gibbs, General, leads the British at New Orleans, 195.

severely wounded, 196.

Gibraltar, Dacres gives Hull a dinner at, 179.

Gibraltar of America, the, Quebec, 30, 35.

the little, Stony Point, 80, 88.

Gilmer, Enoch, spies out Ferguson, 100.

Gladstone, William Ewart, how the Constitution was regarded by, 155.

Gloucester, Virginia, Cornwallis plans to escape by way of, 132.

Graves, Admiral, forced to withdraw from Chesapeake Bay, 130.

Greene, Nathanael, 65.

Washington's right-hand man, 90.

the ability of, 105.

left the army for a time, 115.

defeated at Guilford, North Carolina, 123.

the death of, 147.

Grier, Sergeant, and his wife, with Arnold's expedition to Quebec,

22, 27.

Guerriere, the, a British frigate, destroyed by "Old Ironsides," 178.

Guilford, North Carolina, Lord Cornwallis defeats Greene at, 123.

Hale, Nathan, the patriot spy, 50-61.

volunteers to serve as a spy, 53.

receives his instructions from Washington, 53.

the parentage and the home of, 54.

the boyhood of, 54.

the education of, 54.

teaches school in New London, Connecticut, 54.

bids his pupils farewell, 55.

starts for Cambridge, 55.

the diary of, 55.

disguises himself, 56.

returns in safety from the British lines, but puts up at "Mother

Chick's," 57.

arrested, 57.

taken to New York, 58.

condemned to die, 59.

the dying speech of, 60.

hanged, 60.

Hamilton, Alexander, the address of, at Annapolis, 144.

at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

defends the Constitution, 154.

Hamilton, Henry, the "hair buyer," 4.

stirs up the savages, 11.

recaptures Vincennes, 11.

surrenders Vincennes to Clark, 16.

Hampton Roads, Virginia, De Grasse in, 129.

Harlem Heights, the patriots retreat to, 51.

Harrod, James, one of the leaders in Kentucky, 2.

Hartford, Connecticut, Lafayette visits, 206, 209.

Hartt, the naval yard of, in Boston, 170.

Harvard College, Lafayette attends commencement at, 205.

Heights of Abraham, the, Arnold climbs to, 30.

Wolfe climbs to, in 1759, 30.

Helm, Captain, a prisoner at Vincennes, 15.

Henry, Patrick, aids Clark, 5.

does not attend the Philadelphia convention, 147.

Hero's welcome, a, 199-216. See Lafayette.

Hessians, the, the "ragged Continentals" meet, at Trenton, 77.

Wayne meets, at Germantown, 82.

march with Burgoyne, 114.

Morgan's men a terror to, 114.

Highlanders, Scotch, in the battle of New Orleans, 194-196.

the backwoodsmen compared to a clan of, 104.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, saves "Old Ironsides," 169.

at Harvard College, 169.

Holston settlements, the, now a part of Tennessee, 1, 92.

Hood, Admiral, at Chesapeake Bay, 130.

Horseshoe Plain, the, Clark crosses, 14.

Howard, Colonel, commands the Continentals at Cowpens, 118.

Howe, General, Hale brought before, 58.

evacuates Boston, 77.

Hudson River, the, 78, 79.

Lafayette visits, 206, 208.

Hull, Colonel, 82.

Hull, Isaac, Captain, in command of the Constitution, 174.

has an "interview" with Dacres, 176.

at Gibraltar, 179.

Humphreys, Mr., of Philadelphia, the builder of "Old Ironsides," 170.

Illinois Indians, the, the country of, 4, 6. See the map in Chapter

Imprisonment for debt, 143.

Independence Hall, the Old State House in Philadelphia, 145.

Intrepid, the, used by Decatur to destroy the Philadelphia, 162-168.

Ironsides, Old, 169-184. See Constitution, the frigate.

Jacataqua, the Indian girl, joins Arnold's expedition to Quebec, 21.

acts as guide, and cares for the sick and the injured, 26.

Jackson, Andrew, in command at New Orleans, 188.

hears of the advance of the British, 188.

prepares to defend New Orleans, 189.

attacks the British by night, 190.

throws up earthworks, 193.

at the battle of New Orleans, 194.

wins a remarkable victory, 196.

the after history of, 198.

James River, the, 78, 131.

Jasper, William, the heroism of, 48.

Java, the, destroyed by "Old Ironsides," 180.

the wheel of, fitted on "Old Ironsides," 181.

Jay, John, defends the Constitution, 154.

Jefferson, Thomas, the narrow escape of, from Tarleton, 124.

abroad, 147.

President of the United States, a man of peace, 157, 186.

visited by Lafayette, 214.

Jones, one of Jackson's officers, guards Lake Borgne and is killed,

187.

Kaskaskia, 6-8.

Keane, General, leads the British at New Orleans, 195.

severely wounded, 196.

Kentucky, the founding of Lexington, 1.

the pioneers in, 1, 2.

the fighting in, "the dark and bloody ground," 4.

King, Rufus, at the Philadelphia convention, 147.

King's Ferry, on the Hudson River, the British get the control of,

78.

King's Mountain, the battle of, 90-104.

the state of affairs before the battle of, 90-93.

the rally of the backwoodsmen before the battle of, 93.

the march of the pioneers to, 96-100.

the plan of the battle of, 100.

the battle of, 101-103.

the victory of the backwoodsmen at, 103, 104.

the effect of the victory at, 104.

Knowlton, Colonel, 51.

interviews his officers, 52.

Knox, Henry, an American general, 130, 203.

Lafayette, in the Yorktown campaign, 124, 131, 135.

hears of our struggle for independence, 199.

arrives in this country, 200.

serves under Washington, 200.

returns to France, 201.

returns to America with the king's pledge of help, 201.

returns to France, but remembers us, 201.

visits America in 1784, 202.

visits us again in 1824, 202.

the admiration of our people for, 203.

the personal appearance of, 204.

the interview of, with Red Jacket, 204.

the receptions given to, from New York to Boston, 205.

the tour of, through the United States, 206.

visits Yorktown, 207.

visits New Orleans, 208.

visits other towns and cities, 208-210.

goes to Mount Vernon, 211.

at Boston and Bunker Hill, 212-214.

the formal reception of, at Washington, 215.

returns to France, 215.

Lafayette, George Washington, visits us with his father in 1824, 203.

Lafitte, the "Pirate of the Gulf," aids Jackson, 189.

Lake Borgne, near New Orleans, the British cross, 187.

Lambert, Henry, Captain, commander of the British frigate Java, 179.

mortally wounded, 182.

Lambert, John, General, leads the British reserve at New Orleans,

195.

retreats from New Orleans and sails for England, 197.

Langdon, John, at the Philadelphia convention, 147.

Lawrence, James, with Decatur, 165, 166.

Ledge Falls, Greene's division reaches, 24.

Enos turns back at, 24.

Lee, Charles, advises the abandoning of Fort Sullivan, 39, 46.

the character of, 40.

the cowardice of, at Monmouth, 105.

Lee, Henry, or "Light-Horse Harry," defends the Constitution, 154.

Levant, the, a British sloop of war, destroyed by "Old Ironsides,"

182, 183.

Levi, Point, the arrival of Arnold at, 29.

Lewis, Lawrence, Washington's favorite nephew, 63.

Lexington, Kentucky, the origin of the name, 1.

Lexington, Massachusetts, the Revolution begins at, 1, 36, 112, 140.

Lincoln, General, surrenders Charleston, 90, 134.

receives Cornwallis's sword, 134.

Little Wabash, the, Clark crosses, 12.

Long Island, New York, the patriots defeated in the battle of, 50.

Hale enters, in disguise, 56.

Long Island, South Carolina, north of Sullivan's Island, 41, 44.

Long Knives, the, the backwoodsmen called, 9, 10.

Louisiana, the, an American war vessel, blows Sir Edward's sugar

barrels to pieces, 192.

Lower house, the, of Congress, or House of Representatives, 148, 149,

155.

Lower Town, the, at Quebec, Arnold's men attack, 32.

Madeira Islands, the, "Old Ironsides" fights a great battle near,

182.

Madison, James, of Virginia, 146.

"Father of the Constitution," 148.

hated slavery, 149.

defends the Constitution, 154.

President of the United States, a man of peace, 186.

Maltese sailors, Decatur's sailors dressed like, 161, 164.

Manhattan Island, the patriots retire from, 51.

Map, a, showing the line of Clark's march, 7.

of Arnold's route to Quebec, 23.

of the military operations in the Carolinas, 99.

Marion, Francis, a leader in the South, 91.

Marseillaise, The, the national hymn of France, 189.

Marshall, John, defends the Constitution, 154.

Martha's Vineyard, 78.

Maryland called on for volunteers, 112.

Mason, George, of Virginia, opposed to slavery, 150.

McDaniel, an anecdote of, 47.

McDonough, Thomas, with Decatur, 166.

McDowell, leads the refugees, 94.

McLane, Captain, one of Wayne's pickets, 81.

Meigs, Major, a commander under Arnold, 22.

Midnight surprise, a, 77-89. See Stony Point.

Midwinter campaign, a, 18-35. See Arnold.

Minutemen, the, of the Old North State, 36.

Mississippi River, the, Lafayette ascends, 206.

Monmouth, New Jersey, the battle of, 200.

Wayne at, 82.

the cowardice of Charles Lee at, 105.

Monroe, President, instructed to invite Lafayette as the nation's

guest, 202.

receives Lafayette at the White House, 204.

Montgomery, General, 20.

joined by Arnold, 30.

demands the surrender of Quebec, 31.

despairs of the expedition, 31.

leads the attack on Quebec, 32.

the death of, 33.

Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, near Charlottesville,

Virginia, 124, 214.

Montreal, captured by Montgomery, 30.

Sir Guy Carleton leaves, 31.

Monument, the, at Saratoga, 18, 122.

at Yorktown, 137.

the statues of Schuyler, Gates, and Morgan on, at Saratoga, 18.

Arnold forfeits his place on, at Saratoga, 18.

Morgan, Daniel, the life of, 105-122.

the statue of, at Saratoga, New York, 18, 122.

the statue of, at Spartanburg, South Carolina, 122.

joins Arnold's expedition, 21.

leads the advance in Arnold's expedition, 22.

forced to surrender at Quebec, 34.

the early life of, 106.

enlists in the Virginia troops and serves as a teamster, 106.

takes pride in his company and shows his skill as a boxer, 107.

enlists as a teamster in Washington's regiment, 107.

receives one hundred lashes, 108.

makes his mark as a private, 108.

drives no more army wagons, 108.

receives the commission of an ensign, 109.

severely wounded, 109.

returns to his farm, 110.

the marriage of, 110.

marches to Cambridge, 112.

at the siege of Quebec, 113.

made a colonel, 113.

at Freeman's Farm and at Saratoga, 114.

leaves the army for a time, 115.

rejoins the army in the South, under Gates, 115.

made a brigadier general, 115.

makes his plan for a battle with Tarleton, 116.

makes his stand at Cowpens, 116.

victorious at Cowpens, 119.

marches to join General Greene, 121.

retires from the army again, 121.

takes part in the Virginia campaign of 1780, 121.

the after life of, 122.

the valor of, commemorated at Saratoga, New York, and at

Spartanburg, South Carolina, 122.

Morocco, 156, 158.

Morris, Gouverneur, originator of our decimal system of money,

attends the Philadelphia convention, 146.

Morris, Lieutenant, with Captain Hull on "Old Ironsides," 174, 177.

Morris, Robert, imprisoned for debt, 143.

at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

Morristown, New Jersey, Morgan reports at, 113.

Moultrie, William, ordered to build a fort on Sullivan's Island, 38.

visited by Charles Lee, 39.

visited by the master of a privateer, 40.

defends his fort, 42.

encourages his men, 45.

honored for his defense of Fort Sullivan, 49.

the after life of, 49.

Mount Vernon, Washington's home, 68-70, 76, 138.

visited by Lafayette in 1784, 202.

visited by Lafayette in 1824, 211.

Murfree, Colonel, at Stony Point, 86.

Murray mansion, the, Washington's headquarters in 1776, 50.

Napoleon, England struggles against, 185.

at Elba, 186.

Nashville, Tennessee, the riflemen of, 189.

Lafayette visits, 208.

Natural Bridge, the, in Virginia, Washington throws to the top of,

64.

Nelson, Governor, of Virginia, 132.

the house of, 132, 133, 207.

called the "war governor," 133.

Nelson, Lord, England's great admiral, 41.

praises Decatur's deed in the Mediterranean, 168.

New Jersey, Trenton, 77.

Monmouth, 82.

Morristown, 113.

"Old Ironsides," the home of Commodore Stewart, 184.

Washington plans to go to Yorktown by way of, 127.

New Orleans, the battle of, 185-198.

the events leading to the battle of, 185.

foreign in character, 187, 189.

the British plan to capture, 187.

the expedition sent against, 187.

Jackson's headquarters in, 188.

Jackson plans for the defense of, 189.

the arrival of the riflemen at, 189.

Jackson throws up earthworks below, 190.

the night attack on the British below, 190.

the beginning of the battle below, 192.

a description of the battle of, 194-196.

the British defeated at, 196.

the retreat of the British after the battle of, 197.

the sad part of the victory at, 198.

Lafayette visits, 206, 208.

New Roof, the, 154.

New York, the city of, 143.

Lafayette at, 203, 209.

the state of, 142, 149.

Nolichucky River, the, Sevier's home on, 93.

Norfolk, shelled and destroyed by a British fleet, 36.

Norridgewock, Maine, Arnold's army leaves, 23.

North, Lord, receives word of Cornwallis's surrender, 136.

North State, the Old, North Carolina, 36, 37, 91.

O'Hara, General, sent by Cornwallis to deliver up his sword, 134.

Ohio, the representation of, in Congress, 149.

Ohio River, the, Clark floats down, 6.

Lafayette ascends, 206.

Old Dominion, the, Virginia, 215.

Old Hickory's Christmas, 185-198. See New Orleans.

Old Ironsides, 169-184. See Constitution, the frigate.

origin of the name, 178.

Old North State, the, North Carolina, 36, 37, 91.

Old State House, the, in Philadelphia, now called Independence Hall,

145.

Orang-outangs, Arnold's men resemble, 30.

Pakenham, Sir Edward, arrives at New Orleans on Christmas Day, 1814,

191.

takes a look at the Americans, 192.

killed in the battle of New Orleans, 195.

Palmetto logs, one way of using, 36-49. See Fort Sullivan.

Parker, Sir Peter, arrives at Cape Fear, 37.

takes command of the combined British fleets and sails for

Charleston, 37.

delays his attack on Charleston, 41.

attacks Fort Sullivan, 42.

the fleet of, defeated, 48.

Pasha of Tripoli, the, 156.

Patriot, our greatest, 62-76. See Washington.

spy, the, 50-61. See Hale.

Peace, the treaty of, with Great Britain signed in Paris, France, in

September, 1783, 138, 202.

the treaty of, with Great Britain in 1814 was signed at Ghent,

Belgium, on Christmas eve, 1814, about two weeks before the

battle of New Orleans, 198.

Pennsylvania called on for volunteers, 112.

Perry, Commodore, the hero of the battle of Lake Erie, 202.

Petersburg, Lord Cornwallis arrives at, 123.

Philadelphia, the first Continental Congress at, 140.

the second Continental Congress at, 140.

the Constitution drafted at, in the Old State House, 145.

the visit of Lafayette to, 210.

Philadelphia, the frigate, the burning of, 156-168.

the events leading to the capture of, 156-159.

towed into the harbor of Tripoli, 159.

plans made for retaking, 160.

Decatur's plan for the retaking of, 161.

Decatur starts for the recapture of, 162.

the capture and the burning of, 166.

Phillips, Samuel, carries Ferguson's threat to the backwoodsmen, 92.

Pickens, Andrew, a leader in the South, 91.

at the battle of Cowpens, 117.

Pinckneys, the two brilliant, Charles and Thomas, of South Carolina,

at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

Pirates, the, on the African coast, 156, 170.

Pitt, Fort, 5. See the map in Chapter I.

Point Levi, the arrival of Arnold at, 29.

Pompey, Wayne's guide at Stony Point, 84.

Poor Richard's Almanac, a quotation from, 157.

Portland, Maine, Lafayette visits, 206.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, "Old Ironsides" at, 183.

Lafayette visits, 206.

Preble, Commodore, in command of our fleet in the Mediterranean, 158,

161, 172.

sails for Sicily, 160.

the quick temper of, 173.

Prescott, General, captured by Colonel Barton, 143.

Prescott, William, at the battle of Bunker Hill, 213.

Quebec, an expedition planned against, 20.

the "Gibraltar of America," 30.

reached by Arnold's expedition, 30.

the siege of, 31.

the midnight attack on, 32.

the siege of, raised, 35.

Morgan at, 34, 111, 113.

Quincy, Massachusetts, Lafayette visits, to see John Adams, 209.

Randolph, Edmund, at the Philadelphia convention, 147.

defends the Constitution, 154.

Rappahannock River, the, Washington throws across, 64.

Rawdon, Lord, in South Carolina, 126.

Red Jacket, the Indian chief, meets Lafayette, 204.

Rennie, Colonel, a British commander at the battle of New Orleans,

195.

Representatives in Congress, 149.

Revere, Paul, furnishes the copper used in "Old Ironsides," 172.

Rhode Island, 142, 147.

sends no delegates to Philadelphia, 145.

the representation of, in Congress, 149.

"Old Ironsides" at Newport, 183.

Rutledge, John, Governor, the character of, 40.

sends powder to Fort Sullivan, 46.

rewards Sergeant Jasper, 48.

at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

St. John's gate at Quebec, 35.

Saratoga, New York, the monument at, 18.

Burgoyne defeated at, 114.

Morgan at, 114.

Sartigan, Canada, Arnold reaches, 28.

Arnold's men arrive at, 29.

Schoolmaster, Hale disguised as a, 56.

Schuyler, General, the statue of, at Saratoga, 18.

left the army for a time, 115.

Scotch-Irish in the South, 92, 93.

Senate, the, or upper house of Congress, 148, 155.

Senators in Congress, 149.

Sevier, Colonel, rallies the backwoodsmen, 93.

uses the county funds to buy supplies for the riflemen, 94.

leads the right wing at King's Mountain, 101.

Shannon, the, a British frigate, 174, 175.

Shawnees, the, Clark meets, 10.

Shelby, Colonel, rallies the backwoodsmen, 92, 93.

leads a column of the riflemen at King's Mountain, 101.

Sherman, Roger, at the Philadelphia convention, 146.

Sicily, Commodore Preble sails to, 100.

Siren, the brig, accompanies Decatur to Tripoli, 162, 163.

Slave question, the, in framing the Constitution, 149-151.

South, the, a blow aimed at, by the British, 36.

British success in, 90.

the patriot leaders in, 91.

the brutality of the British in, 91.

South Carolina, overrun by the British, 90.

protests against abolishing slavery, 150.

Spy, the patriot, 50-61. See Hale.

Stark, John, defeats the British at Bennington, Vermont, 105.

leaves the army for a time, 115.

Stewart, Charles, in command of the frigate Constitution, 182.

the death of, 184.

Stony Point, on the Hudson River, the capture of, by Wayne, 77-89.

the British capture and fortify, 78.

Washington plans to attack, 79.

a description of, 79.

a description of the fortifications of, 80.

the "little Gibraltar," 80.

Wayne appointed commander of the expedition against, 80.

Wayne's march to, 82.

Wayne's plan of attack on, 84.

the attack on, 85.

the capture of, 86.

the capture of, announced to Washington, 88.

Sullivan, Fort, the defense of, 36-49. See Fort Sullivan.

Sumter, Fort, 43.

Sumter, Thomas, General, a leader in the South, 91.

still alive in 1824, 203.

Surprise, a midnight, 77-89. See Stony Point.

Sycamore Shoals, 94.

the backwoodsmen meet at, 95.

Syracuse, Sicily. Commodore Preble sails to, 160.

Decatur sails from, 162.

Tallmadge, Major, questions Andre, 61.

Tarleton, Colonel, the brutality of, in the South, 91.

defeated at Cowpens, 118, 119.

and the two young ladies, 120.

in the Yorktown campaign, 124.

Teamster, the old, 105-122. See Morgan.

Thaxter, Rev. Joseph, at Bunker Hill, 213.

Thompson, Colonel, and his sharpshooters aid Moultrie, 41, 44.

Tilghman, Colonel, informs Congress of Cornwallis's surrender, 136.

Tompkins, Daniel, Vice President of the United States, entertains

Lafayette in 1824, 203.

Tories, the, at "Mother Chick's," 57.

in the South, 91, 92, 97, 99, 100, 102.

Trade, free, between the states, 151.

Trenton, New Jersey, the British defeated at, 77.

Tripoli, 156-168, 173, 180, 184.

Trumbull, "The Surrender of Cornwallis" painted by, 133.

Tryon, William, the hated, a British general, 78.

Tunis, 156.

Twelve Mile carrying place, the, 22.

Enos reaches the, 23.

United Colonies, the, 141.

United States, the frigate, commanded by Decatur, 158.

United States of America, the, 154.

the Constitution of, 155. See Constitution.

the growth of, 202.

University of Virginia, the, Lafayette entertained at, 214.

Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, Lafayette at, 200.

the patriots suffer greatly at, 200.

Vernon, Mount, Washington's home, 68.

the slaves at, 70.

the hospitality at, 71, 76.

Washington retires to, 138.

Lafayette's visits to, 202, 211.

Verplanck's Point, on the Hudson River, the British fortify, 78.

Victory, the final, 123-137. See Yorktown campaign.

Ville de Paris, the flagship of De Grasse, 129.

Villere, Major, informs Jackson of the approach of the British, 188.

Vincennes, the hero of, 1-17. See Clark.

Virginia, in the struggle with Great Britain, 2, 5.

aids Clark, 3, 5.

called on for volunteers, 112.

takes the lead in sending delegates to Philadelphia, 145.

the University of, Lafayette visits, 214.

Vulture, the, a British war ship at Stony Point, 87.

Wabash River, the Little, Clark crosses, 12.

Wabash River, the, Clark crosses, 13.

Wagoner, the old, 105-122. See Morgan.

Warner, James, and his wife with Arnold's expedition to Quebec, 22,

26.

Washington, Lafayette received by President Monroe at, 204.

Lafayette's farewell dinner at, 215.

Washington, George, in the Revolution, 2.

takes command of the patriots at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 19.

meets Benedict Arnold, 19.

confers with his officers at the Murray mansion, 50.

gives Hale his orders, 53.

informed of Hale's execution, 61.

our greatest patriot, 62-76.

the personal appearance of, 63.

the strength of, 64.

likes dancing, 65.

eats simple food, 66.

fond of fine clothes, 66.

a fine horseman, 67.

methodical in business, 68.

owns much land, 69, 70.

dislikes slaves, 70.

the generosity of, 71.

attends the meeting at Newburgh, New York, 72.

the appearance of, on his first visit to Congress, described by an

eyewitness, 73.

the formal receptions of, 74.

the state dinners of, 75.

the greatness of, 76.

a hard nut to crack, says General Clinton, 77.

plans an attack on Stony Point, 79, 81.

visits Stony Point, 88.

famous men gathered about, in the siege of Boston, 105.

meets Daniel Morgan, 112.

in the Yorktown campaign, 123-136.

bids farewell to his generals, 138.

retires to Mount Vernon, 138.

the "legacy" of, to the American people, 140.

works at the problem of our national existence, 143.

attends the Philadelphia convention, 145.

made president of the Philadelphia convention, 147.

holds the Philadelphia convention to its duty, 148.

signs the Constitution, 152.

the first President of the United States, 155.

Lafayette serves under, 200.

Lafayette visits, at Mount Vernon, 202.

tomb of, at Mount Vernon, 211.

Washington, William, at the battle of Cowpens, 117-119.

in a hand to hand fight with Tarleton, 120.

"knows how to make his mark," 120.

Wayne, Anthony, the personal appearance of, 80.

chosen to attack Stony Point, 80.

at Germantown and at Monmouth, 82.

the march of, to Stony Point, 82.

reads his order of battle at Stony Point, 83.

writes to a friend at Philadelphia, 83.

leads the attack on Stony Point, 85.

wounded in the head, 86.

captures the fort, 87.

writes a letter to Washington, 88.

in the Yorktown campaign, 121, 124.

Webster, Daniel, speaks at the dedication of the Bunker Hill

Monument, 214.

Wellington, the Duke of, a British general, 186.

called the "Iron Duke," 187.

West Point, the Americans at, 78, 125.

Washington's headquarters at, 127.

Wilson, James, the learned lawyer, at the Philadelphia convention,

146.

Winchester, Virginia, 108.

Wolfe captures Quebec in 1759, 30.

Worcester, Massachusetts, Lafayette visits, 206.

Yorktown, the monument at, 137.

the visit of Lafayette to, 207.

Yorktown campaign, the, 123-137.

the state of affairs in the South before, 123.

the first move of Cornwallis in, 124.

made possible by the aid of a French fleet, 125.

planned by Washington, 126.

Washington's first move in, 128.

the Continental and French troops march to take part in, 128.

Clinton awakens to the importance of, 130.

De Grasse aids in, with a large fleet, 130.

the siege in, 132.

Cornwallis surrenders in, 134.

the effect of the victory in, upon King George and his ministers,

136, 137.

THE END