Scuffletown--A good military position--Green River--Scarcity
of stone--A hospitable Scotchman--Town of Henderson--Cotton
machine--Diamond island--Banditti and their extermination--Former
dangers in descending the rivers.
We continued to float down the river the remainder of the 14th and all
night, fifty miles--passing Deer creek, Windy creek, Anderson’s river
and Crooked creek, and some islands--the banks having settlements at
every mile or two. The shores of the river now became low, the hills
being lost in the distance on each side.
May 15th.--Having passed two more islands, and some new farms, in nine
miles and a half, we came to a string of six or seven good looking
settlements, called Scuffletown, on the left, and two miles and a half
farther on the right, we observed two new settlements, a small creek,
and a bluff rock, serving as a base to an elevated conick promontory,
terminating a wide reach, and narrowing the river so by its projection,
as to make it an eligible situation for a fortified post. Seven miles
from hence we came to Green river on the left, about two hundred yards
wide. It falls into the Ohio from the eastward, and at the junction the
latter river, changing its direction from S. W. to west, the view of it
upwards is lost, {241} and looking back to the eastward, Green river
appears to be a continuation of the Ohio. Several new settlements are
forming on the banks of Green river, the climate and soil being well
adapted to the culture of cotton, but the former is esteemed unhealthy,
the inhabitants being very subject to intermittent fevers. A skiff
boarded us here from an ark astern, which was bound to the mouth of
the Ohio, from whence the people on board were to proceed in a keel up
the Mississippi to St. Genevieve in Upper Louisiana.[174] A few miles
farther we spoke two large loaded canoes bound upwards.
Nine miles below Green river, we passed a point of rocks on the
right--the only stone on the river between this and Shawanee town, a
distance of seventy miles, on which account the section it lies in was
bid up at publick sale to ten dollars an acre, though the usual price
is two. Three miles from hence we left Blair’s ferry on the right,
where a road crosses from Kentucky, fifty-four miles to Vincennes. A
mile more brought us to Patterson’s on the right, where we landed in
the skiff. Mr. Patterson is a Scotchman from Aberdeen, which he left
before the revolutionary war, going to Grenada in the West Indies,
where he managed the noble estate of Harvey’s plains (noted for its rum
of much superiour quality) nine years. The liver complaint forced him
to remove from thence to New York, where he married and resided several
years. He brought his family from thence to this place last year. Mrs.
Patterson thought they were to find a country abundant in every thing,
with little or no trouble, but now, being undeceived by experience, she
jocularly remarked, that if the current of the river would change, she
would most gladly seize the occasion to return immediately to where she
came from. This family is settled in a much more comfortable manner
than the generality of new planters. There were some neighbours on a
{242} visit, and the table was covered for supper in a very neat and
plentiful manner, which, with much hospitality, we were pressed to
partake of, but the boats having passed, we could not stop.
Five miles from hence we stopped and moored for the night at
Henderson or Redbank. This is the county town of Henderson county in
Kentucky.[175] It contains about twenty wooden houses and cabins,
including two stores and two large tobacco warehouses. At a squire
M’Bride’s we saw a patent machine, which gins, cards and spins cotton,
all at once, by one person (it may be a child) turning a wheel. Eight
threads are spun at once, and wound upon eight spools. It is ingenious
and simple, and occupies no more room than a small table.
About five hundred hogsheads of tobacco are shipped here every year,
and the place now begins to thrive a little, since several wealthy
people have settled in the neighbourhood, and on Green river. From the
opposite bank a road leads to Vincennes, which is only fifty-two miles
distant.
May 16th.--Proceeding, we went to the right of Redbank island, and at
twelve miles passed a ferry on the right, and entered the right hand
channel of Diamond island--there being settlements every half mile.
Nothing can be more beautifully situated than this fine island. It is
four miles and a half long, and contains eight hundred acres of the
finest land, well timbered.
It takes its name from its form, which is that of a rhombus or diamond.
The river is above a quarter of a mile wide all around it, and above
half a mile wide below in a straight reach of two or three miles.
It is owned by a Mr. Alvis, a Scotchman, of great property in South
Carolina, who bought it about two years ago of one Wells, the original
locator. Alvis has a negro quarter, and near one hundred and fifty
acres of land cleared on the Kentucky shore opposite {243} the island.
This used to be the principal haunt of a banditti, from twenty to
thirty in number, amongst which the names of Harper, five Masons, and
Corkendale, were the most conspicuous. They attacked and plundered
the passing boats, and frequently murdered the crews and passengers.
At length the government of Kentucky sent a detachment of militia
against them. They were surprised, and Harper, one of the Masons and
three or four more were shot, one in the arms of his wife, who escaped
unhurt though her husband received eleven balls. The rest dispersed,
and again recruiting, became under Mason the father, the terrour of
the road through the wilderness between Nashville in Tennessee and the
Mississippi Territory. About four years ago, two of the gang, tempted
by the reward of five hundred dollars for Mason dead or alive, offered
by the governour of Mississippi Territory, shot him, carried his head
to Natchez, received the promised reward, which they expected, and a
more just one which they did not expect, being both found guilty of
belonging to the gang, and being executed accordingly.[176]
It is impossible to convey even a faint idea of the dangers to which
people descending those rivers were liable, until within a few years
that the population of the banks has become general.
The Indians could not brook the intrusion of the whites on the
hunting grounds and navigable waters which they had been in habits
of considering as their own property from time immemorial, and
partly through revenge for the usurpation of their rights, partly to
intimidate others, but chiefly from the hopes of booty, all the nations
in the neighbourhood of the Ohio, the Cumberland, the Tennessee, and
the Mississippi, and even those more remote, used to send detachments
of warriours and hunters to lie in wait in the narrow passes, and do
their utmost to cut off all travellers, in which they often succeeded
through {244} their expertness with the rifle; and it is not improbable
but some white desperadoes, under the appearance of Indians, were
guilty of atrocities of the same nature against their countrymen,
without the shadow of any of the excuses afforded to the aborigines.
FOOTNOTES:
[174] The original village of Ste. Genevieve was about three miles
south of the present Missouri town of that name. The exact date of
its founding is not known, but it was upon a mining grant given
to Regnault. A relic of a chimney found in 1881 bears the date
1732--possibly the first year of the settlement. The cession of
the Illinois to the English (1763) brought an accession of French
inhabitants; and in 1766, the Spanish ordered to Ste. Genevieve a
commandant and garrison. The earliest American inhabitants were John
and Israel Dodge, the latter being father of Governor Henry Dodge of
Wisconsin. The encroachment of the river (about 1784-85) caused the old
to be abandoned for the modern site.--ED.
[175] Henderson County was formed in 1798, being named in honor
of Colonel Richard Henderson of Transylvania fame. The great
ornithologist, John James Audubon, came to Henderson in 1812; but it
was not until many years later that his work made him known to the
scientific world.--ED.
[176] The tales of the robberies and atrocities of the Harpe and Mason
banditti are numerous, differing largely in details. Cuming’s account
seems to be fairly accurate. See Claiborne, _Mississippi_ (Jackson,
1880), pp. 225-228.--ED.