UNCHARTED SEAS
We have taken a long journey together. The main routes along the Pacific
which are the highways of our past and future intercourse have been
inspected. But the great Pacific basin is not yet everywhere safe for
navigation. There is, I understand, a scientific expedition now at work
thoroughly charting every inch of that wonderful watery waste. There is,
I know, a scientific body under the directorship of Professor Gregory of
Yale for the thorough research of ethnological materials among the races
of the Pacific. But aside from the efforts of individuals, politically
and socially and hygienically, there is nothing going on to bind the
peoples together. I had nearly forgotten that a year ago we did send out
a political expedition to the Far East, a Congressional expedition which
spent four days in Japan and, I daresay, a week in China. Otherwise, we
are still at the mercy of individual scribes, who, like myself, have
their own points of view, their own motives, and their own reactions.
For years I have read religiously every interview reported in the press,
with spokesmen for one country or the other on the Pacific. The mass of
clippings I have accumulated I have time and again sifted carefully for
some word or sign that might indicate the real problem. But I have
failed to find any. I cannot lay the responsibility on the press. It
rests with the individuals who have been asked to give their opinions.
But as far as substance goes, they may all best be illustrated by a
sentence from the speech of Viscount Uchida, the Minister for Foreign
Affairs, delivered before the Imperial Diet. I have the speech as it
came to me from the East and West News Bureau. The sentence I have
selected, for the translation of which the Viscount is of course not
responsible, is this: "It is true that this friendly relationship is not
without an occasional mingling of incidents; that is almost inevitable
in any international relations." All speeches such as these are
remarkably free from definition. Speech after speech is reported, all
plead for understanding, but in none of these is any basis for
understanding given. Sentiment will not dissolve international
suspicion.
Right here I should like to make it clear that Japan is not the only
nation that is being maligned, as some would have us believe. Exclusion
is practised not against Japan alone, though in other cases it is
practised in a different manner. The Honolulu Chamber of Commerce
excludes white men from entering its sacred sanctums nearly as much.
Unless you are approved by the chamber, you will find it very difficult
to take up a profession. As I look back over my years of wandering in
the farthermost reaches of the Pacific I recall incident after incident
that is indicative of what is toward.
Wherever competition is rife, the competitors lay themselves out to be
courteous and friendly, but in the long runs that dissect the waters of
that ocean, so secure have many of the steamship companies felt that
decency has frequently been forgotten. The carelessness of the rights of
the unhappy voyager who merely pays for a privilege on the Union
Steamship Company is not conducive to international good feeling. The
lack of common courtesy on the part of many of the employees of this
company is proverbial even among the Britons in Australasia. Peoples in
the goings and comings gain their impressions of countries very often
from such samples as are forced upon their attention en route. And over
the bars in the distant lands compatriots give vent to recriminations of
the compatriots of other nations in a manner not flattering to either.
One of the most unfortunate features of the whole problem of the Pacific
is that only too often the men who are accountable for the most serious
sources of dislike are men who at home would be kept in check by a
healthy fear of social ostracism. But once a white man enters trade in
an Oriental port as a clerk or salesman, he seems to consider it his
bounden duty as a representative of his country to run down the natives
as viciously as he dare. I have seen white men who at home would hold
their tongues lest they offend some decent woman's ears with their vile
language assume an air of superiority toward the men amongst whom they
are living that is certainly not conducive to international amity. I
have heard them express a longing for a chance some day to come back and
"lick" these natives that, considering the human sufferings involved, is
at the very depths of unrighteousness.
Nor is this feeling directed against Orientals only. I have heard
serious statements from Americans against the British that are not only
unjustifiable but astounding. And the British themselves maintain a
lordly superiority to all others. The boast that "the sun never sets on
English soil" is illustrative of a certain provincialism among Britons
that is not healthful from an international outlook. Britons generally
take such routes hither and thither as leave them always within the
British Empire, and the result is a dull point of view with regard to
foreign lands. To be regarded as a foreigner is a source of great
irritation to a Briton; he cannot stand this "slur" when passing through
America. Even within the British dominions themselves there are childish
prides that make understanding impossible,--the New Zealander being
against the Australian and both against everybody else.
These antagonisms more than all else are at the bottom of the confusion
obtaining to-day in the Pacific. Their utter folly and futility are
simply suicidal. Were it not better that we study carefully the social
and political ideals of every race on the Pacific and see in what
manner such changes may be effected as will preclude conflict? Is not
America's preëminence in the Pacific to-day due to her return of the
Boxer indemnity, to her attempt at winning the sympathy of the Filipino,
to her friendship for China? Cannot the sympathy and the emulation of
races supplant their enmity and jealousy? In the manner in which the
various peoples of the Pacific turn to their problems lies permanent
peace. There is already a considerable veering round of national
conceptions toward the recognition of our common welfare being dependent
on mutual development, as in the case of the consortium.
One gets tired of the perennial expressions of felicitation of the
"leaders" of states, of the sentimental balderdash which emanates from
international "functions" of the world's "best" people, who don one
another's garments and pledge one another eternal affection, of those
who assure us that the fact that one nation has placed with "us" an
order for the latest type of electrically driven super-dreadnaught
indicates the love and fellowship obtaining between us. Only four years
ago, Viscount Bryce admitted that "Most of us, however, know so little
about the island groups of the Pacific, except from missionary
narratives and from romances, like those of Robert Louis Stevenson, that
the recent action of the white peoples in the islands is practically a
new subject, and one which well deserves to be dealt with." And despite
all those speeches, despite all the international societies--that exist,
it seems, only to entertain celebrities, not to uncover
misunderstandings that they may truly be corrected--real irritation
comes from the average man's notions, and to him should attention be
directed.
Those vast spaces to which Viscount Bryce referred, once regarded with
such awe, are now criss-crossed with a veritable network of steamers.
They have made short shrift of the distances between the East and the
West. We may invite one another across for week-ends, but not
necessarily for life, and the impressions each brings away with him will
go toward making up the sum total of what is going to be the thought of
the Pacific. Are we to navalize the Pacific or to civilize it? Are we to
convert every projecting rock into a menace, or are we to be honest
navigators exposing every treacherous island for the safety of all
races? Are we to scramble for interests in the Pacific, or are we to
help races there to rise to strength and independence, so that each will
be a healthy buffer against aggression? The "Valor of Ignorance" is not
to be met with the blindness of force.
I sought to obtain a bit of information once from a dispenser of
"understanding" located in New York, but he tried to lead me off the
scent. It was not, he feared, to his country's credit that such and such
facts be known. He was very sensitive, and gave me no assistance. This
covering up of our weaknesses before the eyes of our neighbors is
certain to lead to disaster. This putting our best foot forward, only to
have the other ready for a nasty kick, is not going to bring about
amity. If there is an ideal worthy of emulation in any race in the
Pacific, we ought to know and honor it. If there is a sore which needs
scientific political treatment, let us attend to it. Our problems are
well defined, if we will but look for them; our obligations are clear,
if we will but undertake them courageously.
We are not going to solve our problems as we did with the coming of
Japan into the range of the world,--by adulation. To-day we are
suffering from the effects of having made the Japanese feel that they
are perfect and to be adored. The problem is one of unadulterated
education, of education in the simple arts of self-support among the
primitive people, and self-government among the more advanced.
But if our efforts are to be fruitful we must avoid abstract education
which leads to hair-splitting. It is to be education in the
fundamentals,--education in the use of hands and brain for self-support
and mutual happiness founded on justice. It is to be education of
ourselves as well as of those we wish to elevate.
But the problem is even deeper than that. Merely elevating other races
will not preclude conflict. Germany was well educated and on a level
with, if not in many ways superior to the nations roundabout her. Her
very development created friction. And the talk of Japan as a menace is
largely due to the fact that Japan has grown out of the lowly state in
which her exclusionists had placed her for two hundred and fifty years.
As yet China is no "menace," for China has still her teeming hordes who
curtail one another's usefulness.
Nor, as I have said in the chapter on Australasia, will the problem of
our relationship with the people of the Pacific be solved by the effort
of labor to keep up its own high standards by the exclusion of those of
lower standard.
Nor will the problem be solved by our assuming more and more
protectorates over simple nations unused to the tricks of diplomacy.
Our problem will be solved only by working assiduously for international
coöperation. Our problem will clear away when all nations establish
departments open to civil-service appointments of people who will enter
the field of education and uplift work without other compensation
possible than that of an honest salary. There should be a Department of
Education for the Pacific in which the people of the United States do
out of their own funds what we did in China out of the moneys paid in
the Boxer indemnity. This department would study the races of the
Pacific with a view to finding what are the special requirements of each
particular people and how they can be supplied. There should be a Bureau
of Social Hygiene and Sanitary Engineering recruited from the American
student body with luring pay, drawing thousands of young physicians and
engineers out into the various Pacific islands to study the questions of
the eradication of disease and the care of body and mind. There should
be a Bureau of Civics and International Law carrying to the peoples of
the Pacific whose simplicity lays them open to the chicanery of
political parasites the simple truths of human relationships as we
understand them. So the entire fabric of civilization might be spread
over the waters of the Pacific. But to guard against the possibility of
some sword piercing it and rending it must come the voice of
civilization calling shame upon the present practices of any nation now
operating in the Pacific in other than pacific ways.
All this must be done not by America alone, but by all the people now in
a position to coöperate. Just as Japan codified her laws and changed
them in conformity with those of the West, so as to regain full rights
over foreigners in her own territory, so must all the nations reorganize
their laws in conformity with the best interests of all. There must be
judges in all lands who know the laws of other lands as well as their
own and an attempt be made to bring them all in greater conformity to a
universal standard of justice, of right and wrong. There must be
educators set to work studying the educational systems of nations on the
Pacific so as to bring the methods more and more in line with one
another. There must be departments of health advising one another how so
to remedy conditions as to eliminate the danger of spread of plague. It
is not enough that we have an excellent department of health vigilant in
the exclusion of plague; our department of health should co-operate with
that of Japan and of Australasia, and of every island in the Pacific. In
other words, we must realize that the problems of every group anywhere
in the world affect for good or ill our own welfare.
Our problem in the Pacific is therefore ten times more complicated than
that which faced the powers in Morocco, Africa and Persia. While the
diversity of nations was great in Europe, in the Pacific it is greater.
But while the relationship in the Balkans was in some cases close, not
only in sheer propinquity, but in development, in the Pacific not only
is the blood running in the veins of the races in many cases extremely
alien, one to the other, but the distances separating them in space and
in development make coöperation and getting together difficult. This
makes it easier for selfish nations to place themselves as wedges
between them. The scramble after mandates in the Pacific indicates the
recognition of their importance.
But in inverse ratio,--in so far as the races of the Pacific have none
of the irritating intimacy which obtained in Europe, the problem is
clearer. The repetition of the intrigues which Germany, through her
daughter on the Russian throne, could carry out, is here impossible.
Only once in my knowledge has royal intermarriage been attempted and it
proved a failure. The Japanese changed their law against the marriage of
their royalty with royalty of another race in favor of Korea--and to
forestall a Japanese-Korean union we are told, the Ex-Emperor of Korea
committed suicide. Insurrection followed. The marriage has since taken
place, but Korea is no longer an independent empire.
The more pronounced differences of race should perhaps be recognized,
but recognized with sympathy. Each race then presents its own problems.
But over all must come recognition of the commonalty of man. This does
not mean international fawning and flattering of one another. Racial
equality must be admitted, but not as Japan sponsored it,--with the
existence of her own castes and classes, and the oppression of
Korea,--but in full recognition of the latent possibilities in all
peoples. Japan regards herself as infinitely superior to all mankind.
So do we. But that must be replaced by realization of the historical
worthiness of Orientals as well as Caucasians.
We have in the Pacific, as has been seen, a great number of races in
varying degrees of development. Most of them know little of one another
and hate one another less. They have never been close enough for serious
conflict, and they need never be. We can instil into them through
educational channels a regard for one another which all the love-potions
in the world could not pour into the races of Europe, inured to war and
slaughter and religious bigotry.
There is still one great obstacle in the way of a peaceful solution of
the problems of the Pacific, an obstacle that can be overcome only by a
rapid evolution or revolution. Even as the forces for the greater
liberation of the people are at work in China, now bound no more by her
own swaddling-clothes of imperialism, so must they be encouraged in
Japan, whose bureaucracy is to-day entangling not only her own liberal
elements, but a greater number of nations in the Pacific. Jingoists
speak of the yellow peril as though it were a single thing, elemental
and simply conquerable. But it is not very different from the peril of
imperialism everywhere.
In the working out of the problems of the Pacific, Japan is the farthest
from our ken. Our relations with Australia and New Zealand and with
Canada--apart from Great Britain--are already more or less intimate.
Just as Japan is beginning to realize that she must make China her
friend, so must we four Western nations on the Pacific realize the
fullness of the possibilities in coöperation. There should be an
exchange of opinion, a greater supply of news from one to the
other,--news of personal, educational and geographical value, in the
nature of local news. With these four countries as a nucleus and the
same thing going on between China and Japan, the problem of the East
understanding the West will be simplified.
But we must show that we appreciate the fine points in the Oriental
civilizations, while the Orient will have to remove from its conscience
the hatred of the foreigner. The millennium? Not in the least. Just the
beginning of our groping toward human commonalty.
APPENDIX
A
Mr. Sydney Greenbie,
New York, U.S.A.
DEAR SIR:
Your letter of 26th March has been forwarded to me from Samoa. I
relinquished the Administration when Civil Government was established
there.
The Chief whose funeral you saw was TAMASESE, a son of the late King
Tamasese.... MATAAFA, the son of King Mataafa, died in the influenza
epidemic in 1918 and I dug his grave with my own hands, everyone working
hard to avoid a pestilence.
The Chief TAMASESE was made much of by the Germans when they were in
Samoa, was taken a trip to Berlin but was not allowed to visit England.
He remained pro-German to the end; one of the few Samoans who did so.
On his death-bed Tamasese remembered a promise made to his deceased
father (he said the spirit of his father appeared to him and reproached
him) that he would bring the late King's bones to the family burying
place and he could not die in peace until this was done. I was
approached in the matter and at once sent a Government launch with the
family party to get the bones, and they were put in a coffin and buried
in the family ground. This done, Tamasese passed away in peace in a very
short time.
You are probably aware that when Tamasese's body was lying in state the
hair was sprinkled with gold dust and a German crown made of white
flowers was placed on the coffin. The widow had a Samoan house built
alongside the tomb on the Mulinuu peninsula and lived in it for some
months in spite of the stench which came from the tomb. She died in the
influenza epidemic in 1918, having in the meantime named one of the
native Samoan judges.
I am sorry the information I can give you is so meagre, but I have not
my records here as yet.
Yours faithfully,
ROBERT LOGAN,
Colonel.
Weycroft,
Axminster,
Devon, England,
13th July, 1921.
B
DEAR MR. GREENBIE:
Your letter of Feb. 20th was forwarded on to me here, and reached me
yesterday.
I regret that I cannot tell you definitely as to the celebration held in
Samoa in 1915, in honor of the late "King"; I returned to Samoa in 1917
after an absence of some years, and heard nothing of it. I think,
however, that the celebration must have been for Mataafa, as the natives
told you that the deceased Chief had been the favorite of Mataafa.
Stevenson rather despised Laupepa who although an amiable man and the
rightful King, was of feeble character, and when broken up by the
suffering and indignity of his deportation by the Germans, weakly ceded
the throne to Mataafa out of gratitude for the stand taken by the latter
on his behalf during the years of his exile.
My own conviction is that, had R. L. S. lived a few years longer, he
would have realized that his championship of Mataafa was a mistake, and
precipitated the very event he wished to avoid--the German rule in
Samoa.
Very sincerely yours,
----------
C
Apia, Samoa,
October 5th, 1904.
A. M. Sutherland, Esq.,
San Francisco, U.S.A.
DEAR SIR:
The kind invitation extended to me by the members of the "Stevenson
Fellowship" through your welcome letter or the 17th August, 1904, has
been received by me with great delight. I thank you and the Committee
from the bottom of my heart for remembering me, and for including my
name in the long list of friends whom Tusitala has left behind to mourn
his irreparable loss. I would have very much liked to be present and
meet you all on this fitting occasion, but the fact is, my health and
old age will not permit me to cross the vast waters over to America. So
I send you many greetings wishing the "Stevenson Fellowship" every
success on the 13th November next. And whilst you are celebrating this
memorable day in America, we shall even celebrate it in Samoa. It is
true that I, like yourselves, revere the memory of Tusitala. Though the
strong hand of Death has removed him from our midst, yet the remembrance
of his many humane acts, let alone his literary career, will never be
forgotten. That household name, Tusitala, is as euphonious to our Samoan
ears as much as the name Stevenson is pleasing to all other European
friends and admirers. Tusitala was born a hero, and he died a hero among
men. He was a man of his word, but a man of deeds not words. When first
I saw Tusitala he addressed me and said: "Samoa is a beautiful country.
I like its people and clime, and shall write in my books accordingly.
The Samoan Chiefs may be compared to our Scotch Chiefs at home in regard
to their clans." "Then stay here with me," I said, "and make Samoa your
home altogether." "That I will, and even if the Lord calls me," was the
reply. Tusitala--story-writer--spoke the truth, for even now he is still
with me in Samoa. Truth is great and must endure. Tusitala's religion
and motto was: "Do ye to others as ye would have them do unto you."
Hence this noble, illustrious man has won my love and admiration, as
well as the esteem and respect of all who knew him. My God is the same
God who called away Tusitala, and when it has pleased Him for my
appointed time to come, then I will gladly join T. in that eternal home
where we meet to part no more.
With perfect assurance of my best wishes for your progress and
prosperity,--I remain, dear sir, cordially yours,
M. I.
C. C. MATAAFA
High Chief of Samoa.
D
April 24, 1921
DEAR MADAM:
Thank you very much for the letter which came some four months ago. I
read it over, over and over again to memorise every word of the letter,
and it was a glad toil. I thought of you and Mr. ... I thought of
Messrs. F.... D.... and R.... and Miss G...., every body to-gether and
every body separate that gave me untold happiness, and I heard the
throbs of my heart. I told to my wife who is very glad to hear from me.
As you know I got married in the year of 1913. And we have five children
now. Please don't be scared! Two boys and three daughters. Takako oldest
daughter six year, seven months old. Takashige, William (boy) four
years; Fuziko Elsie two years and nearly four months; Chiyeko, Lucie
eight months old. And this made me perfect papa, which is my joy and my
pride! Beside this I have thirty acres of orange orchard (four years
old) all is my own, and my wife's now which brought me four
(boxes-horses) (?) poor fruit year before last, and seventy two boxes
better fruit last year. I am expecting greater crop this fall. I read
Mr. ---- article about June drop in California Cultivator, and irrigated
my orchards last December and this year I started to wet from February
which no body does this in this visinity (orchardists of here keep
orchards with weeds and wild oats as high as my shoulder all winter and
they wait irrigation until orchards perfectly dry and cracke.) I am
taking care our orchards after Mr. ---- idea mostly with some of my own,
as I feel as it mine but all of them are a collection of idea of other
people's experiences.
I have debt of five thousand five hundreds dollars which need not to pay
interest except one thousand five hundred dollars. This is my joy and my
pride too, is it not?
Five children and five thousand five hundreds dollars debt are not big
job to carry on, for me, but they make me very busy indeed. For this
reason, I do not write to my friends, as often as I wish, of course I
can, if I do, like this one, but it is great strain for me now.
Therefore please will kindly excuse, I shall not write you again until
next Christmas probably.
Please remember me to Mr. ---- and All your family.
When you will come to Terra Bella to see Mr. ----.
When you have spare time, and when you thought of old servant, please
stop a moment at my humble dwelling place and give me chance to hear
your voice directly. That will be my honor, that which will encourage
me, if it is possible with Mr. F. P. It will be a greater honor for us.
Befor I ask you to come to see us, we should go to see you first, but
just excuse for the reasons as above written.
I shall leave the pen with prare of your sound health, and happiness.
God be with you.
From your old servant
--------
INDEX
Adelaide, 132, 146
Adler, 90
Africa, 391
Alaska, 5, 317
Albatross, 129 _et seq._
America: 10, 22, 100;
pioneer, problems of, 312, 314;
insular possessions of, 316 _et seq._;
adventures of, in Pacific, 317 _et seq._;
diplomacy of, in China, 326;
Japan in, 342 _et seq._;
Japanese immigration to, 345;
attitude of, toward Eastern affairs, 371 _et seq._
Ameridians, 6, 23, 25, 119
Andrews, C. F., cited on self-determination, 228
Andrews, Roy Chapman, quoted, 22
Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 355, 357, 359-360, 363, 367, 381
Antarctic, 10
Anthropologists, 24
Antipodes: 9, 26, 76;
legislation in, 285 _et seq._
Apia: 87, 88, 100, 101, 105, 207;
a party in, 240 _et seq._
Arafua Sea, 139, 157
Aryans, 20
"Asahi Shimbun," quoted on American diplomacy, 326
Asia: relation of, to human existence, 6 _et seq._, 14, 18, 22;
culture of, 23;
Britain's rock in, 168-178
Atlantic, 141
_Atua_, 76
Auckland: 13, 110, 114;
market, 272;
Art Gallery, 118
"Auckland Daily News," 351
_Aurora_, Shackleton's ship, 128
Australasia: political problems affecting, 281-296;
intermarriage in, 355 _et seq._
Australasians: games of, 355 _et seq._
Australia: 5, 6, 9, 14, 22, 53;
population of, 150, 158;
and the labor problem, 289 _et seq._;
and immigration, 292;
and labor legislation, 293, 294;
attitude of, toward independence, 353;
and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 347-363
Australian Immigration Law, 295
Australoids, 21
Ava: 93, 94;
making of, 69, 70
Balboa: discovery of the Pacific by, 3 _et seq._;
quoted, 3, 10
Balkans, 391
Bancroft, quoted, 212
Banda Sea, 139
Bagg, Mr., 145
Ban, 230
Bass Straits, 131
Beach-combers, 89
Belgium, 317
Best, Mr. Elsdon, 235
Birds of New Zealand, 124, 125
Bishop, Mrs. Bernice, 235
Black-birding, 68
Bland, J. O. P., 344
Bluff, 129
Boas, Franz, quoted, 24
Boer War, 354
Bondy, 132
Bonin Islands, 357
Botany Bay, 6, 132
Boxer Indemnity Fund, 323, 328, 389
Boxer Uprising, 308, 365
Brisbane, 136, 152
Britain, outpost of, in Asia, 168-178.
_See also_ England, Great Britain
British Club, 96
Brown, Dr. McMillan, 25
Bryce, Viscount, quoted on Pacific Islands group, 387
Buddha, 8
"Bulletin," Honolulu, 38
Bushido, 305, 309
Calhoun, 326
California, 40, 103, 104, 343, 345
Cannibalism, 27, 28, 216
Canoes, 25
Canton, 4
Cape Horn, 5
Cape Liptrap, 131
Caroline Islands, 125
Caucasia, 17, 28
Celebes Sea, 139
Chamberlain, Professor Basil Hall, quoted on Shintoism, 304, 305
Chaplin, Charlie, 43
Chapman, John, 312
Chatham Islands, 26
Chidley, 149
Chicago, 184
China: Great Wall of, 4;
effect of famine in, 27, 39, 129;
licentiousness in, 176, 177;
coolieism in, 177;
waking of, 189;
standards of, 189, 190;
and the Twenty-one Demands, 306;
American trade with, 308;
bureaucracy and, 324 _et seq._;
development of, 365;
consortium for financing, 364 _et seq._, 373;
need of constructive work in, 377;
latest loan to, 377
China Sea, 139, 141
Chinese: 30, 132, 133;
gambling, 141;
music, 176;
superstition of, 186
Chosen People, 21
Christchurch, New Zealand, 109, 143
Civil War, 120
Coan, Dr. Titus Munson, cited, 215, 216
Cocoa plantations, 105
Compasses, 25
Confucius, 6
Consortium: Agreement, 370;
function of the, 381, 382, 383
Consumption, 120
Cook, Captain James, 5, 7, 18, 28, 216, 261
Coolieism, 177, 212, 343
Copra, 53, 56, 57
Coral reefs, 37
Cradle of Mankind, 21
Culture, 27
Customs, 23
Dante, 89
Darwin: quoted on South Pacific, 22, 24, 28
Davuilevu, 61, 62
Deakin, Mr. Alfred, 349
Dengue fever, 110
Desolation Gully, 112
Dewey, Professor: cited on Japanese birth rate, 343
Divorce, 254 _et seq._
Draft Act: in relation to the Maories, 123
Drake, Sir Francis, 4, 7, 9
Dunedin, New Zealand, 109, 112, 113, 127
Dutch, 4, 10
East and West News Bureau:
statement of on alien labor in Japan, 332, 385
Easter Islands, 25
_Eastern_, the, 132, 133, 136
Eden, 17, 23
Elephantiasis, 94, 95
Ellis, Havelock, quoted, 283
Emerson, 108
England, 19, 20, 22, 24.
_See also_ Great Britain
English, 19, 20
English Corporal Correction League, 135
Episcopal See of Australia, 138
Equator: astride the, 128-142
Europe, 17, 20, 22
Europeans: 18;
effect of famine on, 27, 52
"Evening Post," Wellington, New Zealand, quoted, 358, 359
Extinction: danger of, of primitive races, 205 _et seq._
Famine: effect of upon civilized nations, 27
Fan-tan, 141
Fiji: 11, 12, 13, 18, 21, 32;
relation of, to the Pacific, 52 _et seq._, 81, 105, 356
"Fiji Times," Manager of, quoted, 58
Fijians: 14;
characteristics of, 19, 20, 21;
study of, 52-78;
personal appearance of, 59, 60;
characteristics of, 64 _et seq._;
dances of, 67;
women, 70 _et seq._;
tastes of, 71 _et seq._;
music and dances of, 71, 72;
schools for, 76, 84, 85, 86;
jail of the, 73;
submersion of, 223 _et seq._
Filipinos: habits and customs of, 162 _et seq._
Fire-walkers of Mbenga, 13
Food, 27
Formosa, 298
Four-River Group, 372
France, 100
Frenchmen, 20
Fujiyama, 35, 193
German New Guinea, 156
German Plantation Company, 89
Germans: in Samoa, 88, 89, 90
Germany, 24, 100, 389, 391
Golden Gate, 7
Governor of Samoa, 101
Great Barrier Island, 13
Great Barrier Reef, 136, 137
Great Britain:
attitude of, toward Pacific possessions, 283 _et seq._, 360, 361;
attitude of toward her colonies, 362
Great Wall of China, 4
Gregory, Professor, 384
Haleakala, 48
Halemaumau, 51
Hauraki Gulf, 13
Hawaii: music of, 8, 9, 16, 17, 23, 32;
aspirations of, 42;
birth-rate, 43;
assimilation in, 43;
foot-binding in, 44;
kinship, 44;
racial evanescence, 44;
dances of, 72, 105;
divorce in, 255 _et seq._;
census of, 261, 317, 356
Hawaiians: 14, 20, 30;
racial purity percentage of the, 213 _et seq._
"Hawaiki," by Percy Smith, cited, 26
Hearn, Lafcadio: cited on fruit of intermarriage, 263
Heasley, Inspector, 97
Heinie's, 39
Heliolithic man, 18
"Hibbert Journal," quoted on Fijian mind, 232-234
Hilo, 48
Hindus, 78
Himalaya Mountains, 22
Hong-Kong: 109, 141, 167, 169 _et seq._;
slums of, 171;
poverty in, 172;
surgery in, 176;
birth-rate in, 176;
music in, 176
Honolulu: 7, 9;
our frontier in the Pacific, 30-51;
the spirit, 37 _et seq._, 235.
_See also_ Hawaii
Huang-Hsu, 365
Hughes, Premier William Morris:
attitude of, toward conscription, 288, 355, 359, 360
Hukuan Railway, 378
Imperial Conferences, 347 _et seq._
Imperial Diet, 384
India, 17, 18, 21, 63, 117
Indians, 77
Infanticide, 216
Inouye, Count: quoted on Japanese merchants in Korea, 309
"Invention of a New Religion," by Basil Hall Chamberlain,
quoted, 304, 305
Ishii-Lansing Agreement, 370, 371
Izanagi, 21
Izanami, 21
Japan: 4, 5, 7, 9;
awakening of, 28, 29, 132, 135, 282;
in relation to the Pacific problem, 297 _et seq._;
foreign policies of, 299 _et seq._;
race-pride of, 302;
government of, 303;
Democracy in, 305;
attitude of, toward commercialization, 306;
American trade with, 308;
in Siberia, 308;
Buddhism in, 324;
relations of, 326 _et seq._;
and alien labor, 331;
foreign population statistics of, 334;
naturalization in, 337 _et seq._;
science in, 341 _et seq._;
in America, 342 _et seq._;
birth-rate, 343;
attitude of, toward financiering China, 373, 374;
attitude of the Orient toward, 376;
and the Pacific problem, 379;
and Manchurian railways, 380
"Japan Chronicle,"
quoted in British educational work in Hong-Kong, 177;
quoted on English policy, 362
"Japan: Real and Imaginary," by Sydney Greenbie, 297
Japanese: 21, 25, 30, 31;
races, 72, 94.
_See also_ Japan
Java, 4, 22
Joan of Arc, 51
Junnosuke Inouye, 375
Kaiser, the, 104
Kamehamea, 36, 50, 215
Kaneohe, 35, 36, 51
Kapiolani, 51
_Katori-maru_, 192
Keats, quoted, 3
Kellerman, Annette, 148
Kiao-chau, 368
Kilauea, 8, 50
Kinglake, 24
Kinship of Pacific peoples, 20 _et seq._
Kipling, 116
Knox, Secretary, 366
Kobe: business situation in, 335
Korea: 4, 298;
Japan's actions in, 309;
the case of, 317, 324, 391
Kyoto, 7
Labor: conditions in New Zealand, 6;
in Fiji, 13 _et seq._;
legislation in New Zealand, 116;
indentured, 222
Lake Rotorua, 122
Lali, 71, 73, 78
Lamont, Mr. Thomas W.: 364;
negotiations with Japan by, 375;
mission of, to China, 376, 377;
statement of, 379, 380
Language, 22, 23
Lansing, Mr.: 370;
attitude of, toward loans to China, 372
Lao-Tsze, 269
Laupepa, 395
League of Nations, 358
Legend: and the Pacific, 24 _et seq._
"Lending Money to China," by Sydney Greenbie, 371
Leper Island, Molokai, 8
Levuka, 75, 85
Lindsay, Vachell, 312
Little Barrier Island, 13
Logan, Colonel Robert: 101, 104;
letter of, 395
London, Charmian, 38
London, Jack, 10
Longford, Professor, "The Story of Korea," quoted, 309
Los Angeles, 30
Lost Tribes of Israel, 23
_Lurline_, 7, 9
Luzon, 158
Mackaye, Arthur, 36 _et seq._
Magellan, 4, 9, 18
Magneta Island, 137
"Main Street," 313
Malays, 308
Manchuria, 344, 373
Mangoes, 105
Manila: 32, 141, 158 _et seq._;
description of, 163 _et seq._, 271
Manoa Valley, 33, 34, 37
Manono, 87
Maories: 20, 23, 26;
dances of the, 72, 110, 118 _et seq._;
vital statistics of, 123;
racial discrimination against, 250
Maoriland, 17
Marital contracts, 240-253
Markets, 265-278
Marquesas, 5, 26, 52
Marshall Islands, 319, 357
Martin, Alonso, 4
Mason, Mr. Gregory, 368
Mataafa, 396;
letter, 395, 396
Mbenga: mystic fire-walkers of, 13
McDuffie, Mr., 217, 218
Melanesia, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27
Melanesian-Fijians, 20, 21
Melba, Madame, 145
Melbourne, 129, 143, 144, 349
Melville, 10, 24
Message, Mr., quoted, 61
Micronesia, 23, 26, 27
Migrations, 20
"Millard's Review," 368
Mindanao, 140, 158
Mindoro, 158
Missionaries: 19;
Fijian, 65 _et seq._, 68, 69, 73, 121, 231, 236
Moa, 28
Moji, 191
Molokai, the leper island, 8
Molucca Sea, 139
Mongolia, 373
Monroe Doctrine, 316
Monroe Doctrine of Asia, 297 _et seq._, 320
Monterey, 103
Montessori Method: in Fiji, 67
Mormon missionaries, 23
"Morning Herald," Sydney, quoted on America's War policy, 350, 351
Morocco, 390
Mt. Eden, 110
Mount Vaea, 103
Mua Peak, 87
Mulinuu, 91
Mummy-apples, 20, 59
Nagasaki, 376
Napier, New Zealand, 276
Napoleon: 20;
in relation to Fijian legend, 21
Negros, 158
New South Wales, 146
New York, 111, 113, 184, 270, 364
"New York Times," on Japanese, 311
New Zealand:
labor conditions in, 6, 13, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 72, 84, 105;
study of, 108-127;
home life in, 111;
the bush of, 111;
farmers, 112 _et seq._;
newspapers, 113;
population, 113;
characteristics, 114, 115;
girls, 115;
progressiveness, 116;
development, 117 _et seq._;
Parliament, in relation to the Draft Act, 123, 133, 145;
and the class system, 286 _et seq._;
policy toward England, 353
_Niagara_, the, 9, 10, 11, 16, 53, 62, 79, 86, 111
Nichi Nichi Shummun, 309, note
Nicholas of Russia, 361
Night-blooming cereus, 33
Niuafoou, 12, 13
North Island, 112
Oahu: 40;
College, 63
O'Brien, Frederick, 10, 24
One hundred and eightieth meridian, 11, 13, 195
Open Door, 367, 369, 371
Origins of races, 22
"Osaka Asahi," 360
"Outlines of History," Wells, 29
Pacific: discovery of, 3 _et seq._;
significance of, 7;
effect of the mid-, on time, 11;
kinship of Pacific peoples, 20 _et seq._;
Darwin quoted on South, 22;
origin of, cultures, 23;
Griffith Taylor quoted on size of, 24;
counter-invasion of, 28 _et seq._;
our frontier in the, 30 _et seq._;
relation of Fiji to the, 52;
outposts of the white man in the far, 143 _et seq._;
our peg in the far, 158-167;
ideals that dwell around the, 199-201;
Hindu problems and the, 225;
political problems of the, 281 _et seq._;
adventures of America in the, 317 _et seq._;
causes of confusion obtaining in the, 386, 387
Pago Pago, 10, 82, 317
Paleolithic life, 16
Pali, the, 35, 37, 50
Panama Canal, 315
Panama-Pacific Exposition, 79
Panay, 158
Pan-Pacific Union, 236
Papuans, 53
Pasig River, 161
"_Paul and Virginia_," 137
Pavlova, 46
Peace Conference, 357, 358, 371
Peace Treaty, 358
Persia, 390
Pescadores, 357
Pharaohs, 25
Philippines: 6, 32, 140, 317;
problem of the, 318 _et seq._;
and independence, 328
Pilgrims, 17
Pleistonic period, 20
Polyandry, 220
Polynesia: 17, 18, 23, 27;
present status of, 29
Polynesians: 19;
origin of the, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 52;
dances of the, 72, 88, 206;
character of the ancient, 215;
and the problem of intermarriage, 237 _et seq._
Population: limitation of, 27, 28;
decline of, 30 _et seq._
Port Chalmers, 129
Port Williamson, 132
Portuguese, 4, 30
Poverty Bay, 28
Prisoners: Fiji, 73, 74
Promotion Committee: of Honolulu, 34;
"Primer" of the, 41
Queensland, 138, 146
Race-blending, 28 _et seq._
Rangatora, 120, 121
Rarotanga, 93
Ratu Joni, 230
Reading, Lord: on loans, 372
Reinsch, Dr. Paul S., 326, 327
Rewa River, Fiji, 18, 19, 60, 62, 67
Rickshaws, 171, 178
Rockefeller Foundation, 173, 174, 324
Rolland, 108
Roosevelt, Colonel, and Korea, 318
Root-Takahira Agreement, quoted, 369, 370
Rua, Maori priest, 127
Russia, 308, 391
Russo-Japanese War, 317, 348, 365
Ryecroft, Reverend Mr., 65 _et seq._, 68
Salvation Army, 44, 45, 179
Samoa: 10, 11, 13, 19;
cosmogony, 21, 23, 26, 52, 84, 238, 317, 356
Samoans: 14;
dances of the, 72;
study of the, 79 _et seq._;
songs of the, 80;
dances of the, 83;
hospitality of the, 93 _et seq._, 208
Samurai, 305
San Francisco, 7, 10, 184
Santa Anna Valley, 137
Savii, 26, 87
Scientific, 236
Scientists, 231
Seattle, 193
Sedan chairs, 171
Shackleton, Sir E., 128
Shanghai: China's European capital, 179-191;
description of, 192 _et seq._;
slums of, 185;
the Chinese city, 185 _et seq._;
market, 274
Shantung: 297;
rape of, 324
Shaw, 108
Shibusawa, 375
Shimonoseki, 376
Shintoism: 299;
defined, 304, 305
Shurman, Dr. Jacob Gould, 327
Siberia, 344
Siberian Railway, 361
Sikhs, 231
Sino-Japanese Military Agreement, 380
Sino-Japanese War, 365
Slums;
tropical, 165;
Hong-Kong, 171
Smith, Percy, cited, 26
Smythe, Miss: 179;
work of, 180-182
Solomon Islands, 65
"Son of the Middle Border," 313
South Manchurian Railway, 375, 380
South Pole, 128
South Seas: 5 _et seq._, 10, 12 _et seq._, 14, 30 _et seq._;
style, 32, 57, 74, 80, 82
Spanish, 10
Sponges, 37
St. Helena, 20
Stevenson, R. L.: 10, 88, 100;
pilgrimage to tomb of, 100-105;
home of, 103, 387, 395
Stevenson Fellowship, 395
Stewart, Mr. W. Downie: quoted on status of New Zealand, 359
Stone Age, 89
Street, Julian, 375
Sulu Sea, 139
Sulus, 65
Sun Yat-sen, Dr., 325;
quoted, 326
Superstition, 25
Suva, Fiji, 11, 13, 20, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 73, 75, 76, 84, 105
Sydney, 9, 12, 132, 139, 146 _et seq._
Tagalog, 165
Tagore: 116;
experiences of in Japan, 311
Tahiti, 17, 26, 28, 52
Talume, 12
Tamasese, 395
Tamba Maru, 179
Tasman, 9, 10
Tasman Sea, 128
Tasmania, 132
Tattooings of Time, 17
Taylor, Griffith: quoted on size of Pacific, 24
Te Noroto, 124
Terauchi, Count, 368
Thomson, Basil, cited, 13
Thursday Island, 155
"Times," China: quoted on foreign control of industries, 378
Thoreau, 95
Tokyo, 349
Tolstoy, 269
Tongans, 19, 77
Torres Straits, 139
Townsville, 137
Traders: in the Far East, 55, 89, 236, 306
Tradition, 22
Tulane, 13
Turks, 20
Tusitala, the tale teller (Stevenson), 103, 395
Typee, 5
Typhoons, 141
Uchida, Viscount: quoted on Consortium, 379, 384
Union Steamship Company, 129
Upolu, 87
Vailima, Stevenson's home, 88, 100, 101, 103
Vancouver, George, 5, 7, 18
Venice of the Pacific, 25
Vice: among the primitive races, 217
Victoria, 146
Vikings, 25
Virginia, 151
Vladivostok, 308
Waikato, 124
Waikiki, 39
Waitemata Harbor, 13
Ward, Sir Joseph, 349, 351
Waterhouse, Mr., 69
Waterspouts, 140
Webb, Mr., 245
Wellington: 97, 109, 113;
Museum, 235
Wellington, Duke of: cited on Britain's colonies, 283
Wells, H. G., 29
"When the Sleeper Wakes," Wells, 29
White Australia policy, 291, 292, 294, 348, 350
Whitney, Judge William L., 256-258
Wilson Administration, 318
Wilson, President, 382, 383
_Wimmera_, 131
World War, 234, 350
"World's Work," 371
Wright, Mr., of the "Bulletin," 38 _et seq._
Wurm ice age, 26
Yamada Ise, 192
Yokohama, 192
Y. M. C. A., 38
Zamboanga, 140, 158