_Born September 23, 1847, Frederiksvaern, Norway._
[Illustration: AGE 17. 1865. STUDENT, CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY.]
[Illustration: AGE 19. 1867. STUDENT, UNIVERSITY OF CHRISTIANIA.]
[Illustration: AGE 22. 1869. CHICAGO. EDITOR OF "FREMAD."]
[Illustration: AGE 28. 1875. PROFESSOR OF GERMAN AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY,
ITHACA, NEW YORK. "TALES OF TWO HEMISPHERES."]
[Illustration: AGE 35. 1882. PROFESSOR OF MODERN LANGUAGES, COLUMBIA
COLLEGE, NEW YORK CITY. "DAUGHTER OF THE PHILISTINES."]
[Illustration: 1893. THE AUTHOR OF "SOCIAL STRUGGLERS."]