IX

THE EFFECTS OF MONASTICISM, . . . . . . . . . 386

The Effects of Self-Sacrifice Upon the Individual, 390

The Effects of Solitude Upon the Individual, . . 393

The Monks as Missionaries, . . . . . . . . 398

Monasticism and Civic Duties, . . . . . . . 399

The Agricultural Services of the Monks, . . . . 403

The Monks and Secular Learning, . . . . . . . 405

The Charity of the Monks, . . . . . . . . . 410

Monasticism and Religion, . . . . . . . . . 412

APPENDIX, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

INDEX, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

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A Short History of Monks and Monasteries · 第 13 / 45 题