in Africa
ACC Arab Cooperation Council
ACCT Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et
Technique; see Agency for Cultural
and Technical Cooperation; changed
name in 1996 to Agence de la
francophonie or Agency for the
French-Speaking Community
ACP Group African, Caribbean, and Pacific
Group of States
AfDB African Development Bank
AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social
Development
AG Andean Group; see Andean Community
of Nations (CAN)
Air Pollution Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution
Air Pollution- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on
Nitrogen Oxides Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution Concerning the Control of
Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or
Their Transboundary Fluxes
Air Pollution- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on
Persistent Long-Range Transboundary Air
Organic Pollution on Persistent Organic
Pollutants Pollutants
Air Pollution- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on
Sulphur 85 Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution on the Reduction of
Sulphur Emissions or Their
Transboundary Fluxes by at Least
30%
Air Pollution- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on
Sulphur 94 Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution on Further Reduction of
Sulphur Emissions
Air Pollution- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on
Volatile Organic Long-Range Transboundary Air
Compounds Pollution Concerning the Control of
Emissions of Volatile Organic
Compounds or Their Transboundary
Fluxes
AL Arab League
ALADI Asociacion Latinoamericana de
Integracion; see Latin American
Integration Association (LAIA)
AMF Arab Monetary Fund
AMU Arab Maghreb Union
Ancom Andean Common Market; see Andean
Community ofNations (CAN)
Antarctic- Protocol on Environmental
Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Protocol
ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States
Security Treaty
APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
Arabsat Arab Satellite Communications
Organization
AsDB Asian Development Bank
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian
Nations
Autodin Automatic Digital Network
B BAD Banque africaine de developpement;
see African Development Bank (AfDB)
BADEA Banque Arabe de Developpement
Economique en Afrique; see Arab
Bank for Economic Development in
Africa (ABEDA)
BCIE Banco Centroamericano de
Integracion Economico; see Central
American Bank for Economic
Integration (BCIE)
BDEAC Banque de Developpment des Etats de
l'Afrique Centrale; see Central
African States Development Bank
(BDEAC)
Benelux Benelux Economic Union
BID Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo;
see Inter-American Development Bank
(IADB) Biodiversity Convention on
Biological Diversity
BIS Bank for International Settlements
BOAD Banque Ouest-Africaine de
Developpement; see West African
Development Bank (WADB)
BSEC Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C C Commonwealth
CACM Central American Common Market
CAEU Council of Arab Economic Unity
CAN Andean Community of Nations
Caricom Caribbean Community and Common
Market
CB citizen's band mobile radio
communications
CBSS Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCC Customs Cooperation Council
CDB Caribbean Development Bank
CE Council of Europe
CEAO Communaute Economique de l'Afrique
de l'Ouest; see West African
Economic Community (CEAO)
CEEAC Communaute Economique des Etats de
l'Afrique Centrale; see Economic
Community of Central African States
(CEEAC)
CEI Central European Initiative
CEMA Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance; also known as CMEA or
Comecon
CEPGL Communaute Economique des Pays des
Grands Lacs; see Economic Community
of the Great Lakes Countries
(CEPGL)
CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche
Nucleaire; see European
Organization for Nuclear Research
(CERN)
CG Contadora Group
c.i.f. cost, insurance, and freight
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CITES see Endangered Species
Climate Change United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change
Climate Change- Kyoto Protocol to the United
Kyoto Protocol Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change
CMEA Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance (CEMA); also known as
Comecon
COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export
Controls
Comecon Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance (CEMA); also known as
CMEA
Comsat Communications Satellite
Corporation
CP Colombo Plan
CSCE Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe; see
Organization on Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
CY calendar year
D DC developed country
Desertification United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification in Those Countries
Experiencing Serious Drought and/or
Desertification, Particularly in
Africa
DSN Defense Switched Network
DWT deadweight ton
E EADB East African Development Bank
EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development
EC European Community; see European
Union (EU)
ECA Economic Commission for Africa
ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and
the Far East; see Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and the
Pacific (ESCAP)
ECE Economic Commission for Europe
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin
America; see Economic Commission
for Latin America and the Caribbean
(ECLAC)
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin
America and the Caribbean
ECO Economic Cooperation Organization
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African
States
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community;
see European Union (EU)
ECWA Economic Commission for Western
Asia; see Economic and Social
Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
EEC European Economic Community; see
European Union (EU)
EFTA European Free Trade Association
EIB European Investment Bank
EMU European Monetary Union
Endangered Convention on the International
Species Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Entente Council of the Entente
Environmental Convention on the Prohibition of
Modification Military or Any Other Hostile Use
of Environmental Modification
Techniques
ESA European Space Agency
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for
Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for
Western Asia
est. estimate
EU European Union
Euratom European Atomic Energy Community;
see European Community (EC)
Eutelsat European Telecommunications
Satellite Organization
Ex-Im Export-Import Bank of the United
States
F FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FAX facsimile
f.o.b. free on board
FLS Front Line States
FRG Federal Republic of Germany (West
Germany); used for information
dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
FSU former Soviet Union
FY fiscal year (FY93/94, for example,
began in calendar year 1993 and
ended in calendar year 1994)
FYROM The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia
FZ Franc Zone
G G-2 Group of 2
G-3 Group of 3
G-5 Group of 5
G-6 Group of 6 (not to be confused with
the Big Six)
G-7 Group of 7
G-8 Group of 8
G-9 Group of 9
G-10 Group of 10
G-11 Group of 11
G-15 Group of 15
G-19 Group of 19
G-24 Group of 24
G-30 Group of 30
G-33 Group of 33
G-77 Group of 77
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade; subsumed by the World Trade
Organization (WTrO) on 1 January
1995
GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
GDP gross domestic product
GDR German Democratic Republic (East
Germany); used for information
dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
GNP gross national product
GRT gross register ton
GWP gross world product
H Hazardous Wastes Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
HF high-frequency
I IADB Inter-American Development Bank
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IBEC International Bank for Economic
Cooperation
IBRD International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development
(World Bank)
ICAO International Civil Aviation
Organization
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICEM Intergovernmental Committee for
European Migration; see
International Organization for
Migration (IOM)
ICFTU International Confederation of Free
Trade Unions; see World
Confederation of Labor (WCL)
ICJ International Court of Justice
ICM Intergovernmental Committee for
Migration; see International
Organization for Migration (IOM)
ICRC International Committee of the Red
Cross
ICRM International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement
IDA International Development
Association
IDB Islamic Development Bank
IEA International Energy Agency
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural
Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFCTU International Federation of
Christian Trade Unions
IFRCS International Federation of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on
Development
IGADD Inter-Governmental Authority on
Drought and Development
IHO International Hydrographic
Organization
IIB International Investment Bank
ILO International Labor Organization
IMCO Intergovernmental Maritime
Consultative Organization; see
International Maritime Organization
(IMO)
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMO International Maritime Organization
Inmarsat International Mobile Satellite
Organization
InOC Indian Ocean Commission
Intelsat International Telecommunications
Satellite Organization
Interpol International Criminal Police
Organization
Intersputnik International Organization of Space
Communications
IOC International Olympic Committee
IOM International Organization for
Migration
ISO International Organization for
Standardization
ITU International Telecommunication
Union
K kHz kilohertz
km kilometer
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt hour
L LAES Latin American Economic System
LAIA Latin American Integration
Association
LAS League of Arab States; see Arab
League (AL)
Law of the Sea United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea (LOS)
LDC less developed country
LLDC least developed country
London see Marine Dumping
Convention
LORCS League of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies; see
International Federation of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies
(IFRCS)
LOS see Law of the Sea
M m meter
Marecs Maritime European Communications
Satellite
Marine Dumping Convention on the Prevention of
Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes
and Other Matter
Marine Life Convention on Fishing and
Conservation Conservation of Living Resources of
the High Seas
MARPOL see Ship Pollution
Medarabtel Middle East Telecommunications
Project of the International
Telecommunications Union
Mercosur Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see
Southern Cone Common Market
MHz megahertz
MINURSO United Nations Mission for the
Referendum in Western Sahara
MINUGUA United Nations Verification Mission
in Guatemala
MIPONUH United Nations Civilian Police
Mission in Haiti
MONUA United Nations Observer Mission in
Angola
MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime
N NA not available
NACC North Atlantic Cooperation Council;
see Euro-Atlantic Partnership
Council (EAPC)
NAM Nonaligned Movement
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC Nordic Council
NEA Nuclear Energy Agency
NEGL negligible
NIB Nordic Investment Bank
NIC newly industrializing country; see
newly industrializing economy (NIE)
NIE newly industrializing economy
nm nautical mile
NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone
NSG Nuclear Suppliers Group
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons
Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer
Space, and Under Water
NZ New Zealand
O OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum
Exporting Countries
OAS Organization of American States
OAU Organization of African Unity
ODA official development assistance
OECD Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean
States
OIC Organization of the Islamic
Conference
ONUMOZ see United Nations Operation in
Mozambique (UNOMOZ)
ONUSAL United Nations Observer Mission in
El Salvador
OOF other official flows
OPANAL Organismo para la Proscripcion de
las Armas Nucleares en la America
Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for
the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
in Latin America and the Caribbean
OPCW Organization for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
OSCE Organization on Security and
Cooperation in Europe Ozone Layer
Protection Montreal Protocol on
Substances That Deplete the Ozone
Layer
P PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration
PDRY People's Democratic Republic of
Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South
Yemen]; used for information dated
before 22 May 1990 or CY91
PFP Partnership for Peace
R Ramsar see Wetlands
RG Rio Group
S SAARC South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation
SACU Southern African Customs Union
SADC Southern African Development
Community
SADCC Southern African Development
Coordination Conference; see
Southern African Development
Community (SADC)
SELA Sistema Economico Latinoamericana;
see Latin American Economic System
(LAES)
SFRY Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia; dissolved 5 December
1991
SHF super-high-frequency
Ship Pollution Protocol of 1978 Relating to the
International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution From Ships,
1973 (MARPOL)
Sparteca South Pacific Regional Trade and
Economic Cooperation Agreement
SPC South Pacific Commission
SPF South Pacific Forum
sq km square kilometer
sq mi square mile
T TAT Trans-Atlantic Telephone
Tropical Timber International Tropical Timber
83 Agreement, 1983
Tropical Timber International Tropical Timber
94 Agreement, 1994
U UAE United Arab Emirates
UDEAC Union Douaniere et Economique de
l'Afrique Centrale; see Central
African Customs and Economic Union
(UDEAC)
UEMOA Union economique et monetaire Ouest
africaine; see West African
Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
UHF ultra-high-frequency
UK United Kingdom
UN United Nations
UNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission
for Rwanda
UNAVEM III United Nations Angola Verification
Mission III
UNCRO United Nations Confidence
Restoration Operation in Croatia
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development
UNDOF United Nations Disengagement
Observer Force
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNEP United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural
Organization
UNFICYP United Nations Peace-keeping Force
in Cyprus
UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population
Activities; see UN Population Fund
(UNFPA)
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNIDO United Nations Industrial
Development Organization
UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in
Lebanon
UNIKOM United Nations Iraq-Kuwait
Observation Mission
UNITAR United Nations Institute for
Training and Research
UNMIH United Nations Mission in Haiti
UNMIBH United Nations Mission in Bosnia
and Herzegovina
UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer
Group in India and Pakistan
UNMOP United Nations Mission of Observers
in Prevlaka
UNMOT United Nations Mission of Observers
in Tajikistan
UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in
Georgia
UNOMIL United Nations Observer Mission in
Liberia
UNOMOZ United Nations Operation in
Mozambique
UNOMSIL United Nations Mission of Observers
in Sierra Leone
UNOMUR United Nations Observer Mission
Uganda-Rwanda
UNOSOM II United Nations Operation in Somalia
II
UNPREDEP United Nations Preventive
Deployment Force
UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force
UNRISD United Nations Research Institute
for Social Development
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works
Agency for Palestine Refugees in
the Near East
UNSMIH United Nations Support Mission in
Haiti
UNTAC United Nations Transitional
Authority in Cambodia
UNTAES United Nations Transitional
Administration in Eastern Slavonia,
Baranja, and Western Sirmium
UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision
Organization
UNU United Nations University
UPU Universal Postal Union
US United States
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(Soviet Union); used for
information dated before 25
December 1991
USSR/EE Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics/Eastern Europe
V VHF very-high-frequency
W WADB West African Development Bank
WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary
Union
WCL World Confederation of Labor
WCO World Customs Organization; see
Customs Cooperation Council
Wetlands Convention on Wetlands of
International Importance Especially
As Waterfowl Habitat
WEU Western European Union
WFC World Food Council
WFP World Food Program
WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions
Whaling International Convention for the
Regulation of Whaling
WHO World Health Organization
WIPO World Intellectual Property
Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WP Warsaw Pact
WTO see WToO for World Tourism
Organization or WTrO for World
Trade Organization
WToO World Tourism Organization
WTrO World Trade Organization
Y YAR Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa)
or North Yemen]; used for
information dated before 22 May
1990 or CY91
Z ZC Zangger Committee
=====================================================================
Appendix B: United Nations System
Transcriber's note: this appeared to be an empty appendix,
possibly under development. It does not appear in later
editions of the Factbook.
=====================================================================
Appendix D: Selected International Environmental Agreements
Air Pollution
see Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or
Their Transboundary Fluxes
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Air Pollution-Sulphur 85
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary
Fluxes by at least 30%
Air Pollution-Sulphur 94
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic
Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
see Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic Treaty
opened for signature--1 December 1959
entered into force--23 June 1961
objective--to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes, such
as, for international cooperation in scientific research, and that it
does not become the scene or object of international discord
parties--(43) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy,
Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Papua New
Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal
note--abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes
opened for signature--22 March 1989
entered into force--5 May 1992
objective--to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to the
Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and
efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and
toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound
management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to
assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and
other wastes they generate
parties--(123) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin,
Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, The Gambia,
Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea,
Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova,
Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,
Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia,
Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uganda, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified--(3) Afghanistan,
Haiti, US
Biodiversity
see Convention on Biological Diversity
Convention on Biological Diversity
note--abbreviated as Biodiversity
opened for signature--5 June 1992
entered into force--29 December 1993
objective--to develop national strategies for the conservation and
sustainable use of biological diversity
parties--(175) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia,
Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,
Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,
Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway,
Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,
San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,
Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,
Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified--(12) Afghanistan,
Azerbaijan, Kuwait, Liberia, Libya, Malta, Sao Tome and Principe,
Thailand, Tuvalu, UAE, US, former Yugoslavia
Climate Change
see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
see Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change
Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High
Seas
note--abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation
opened for signature--29 April 1958
entered into force--20 March 1966
objective--to solve through international cooperation the problems
involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas,
considering that because of the development of modern technology some
of these resources are in danger of being overexploited
parties--(37) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso,
Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France,
Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand,
Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, former
Yugoslavia
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified--(21) Afghanistan,
Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, NZ,
Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Uruguay
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
note--abbreviated as Air Pollution
opened for signature--13 November 1979
entered into force--16 March 1983
objective--to protect the human environment against air pollution and to
gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range
transboundary air pollution
parties--(44) Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, former Yugoslavia
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified--(2) Holy See, San
Marino
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Flora and Fauna (CITES)