through 13
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tuvalu
former: Ellice Islands
Data code: TV
Government type: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary
democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
Capital: Funafuti
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 1 October 1978 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Constitution: 1 October 1978
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General Sir Tomasi PUAPUA, M.D. (since NA
June 1998)
head of government: Prime Minister Bikenibeu PAENIU (since 23
December 1996) and Deputy Prime Minister Kokeiya MALUA (since 8
April 1998);
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the
recommendation of the prime minister
elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by
the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime
minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members
of Parliament; election last held 8 April 1998 (next to be held NA
2002)
election results: Bikenibeu PAENIU reelected prime minister by a
vote in Parliament of 10 to 2; Kokeiya MALUA elected deputy prime
minister; percent of Parliament vote--NA
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also
called House of Assembly (12 seats--two from each island with more
than 1,000 inhabitants, one from all the other inhabited islands;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 26-27 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote--NA; seats--independents 12
Judicial branch: eight Island Courts; High Court; note--a chief
justice visits twice a year to preside over sessions of the High
Court
Political parties and leaders: there are no political parties but
members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
International organization participation: ACP, AsDB, C (special),
ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU,
Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US: Tuvalu does not have an
embassy in the US
Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an
embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Flag description: light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of
the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine
islands
Economy
Economy--overview: Tuvalu consists of a densely populated,
scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has
no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and
fishing are the primary economic activities. Government revenues
largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker
remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate
mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as
phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually
from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia,
NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. In an
effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is
pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some
government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu
began selling internet addresses in its TV domain and reportedly has
derived revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines. Low-lying
Tuvalu is particularly vulnerable to any future global warming.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$7.8 million (1995 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: 8.7% (1995)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$800 (1995 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (average 1985-93)
Labor force: NA
Labor force--by occupation: people make a living mainly through
exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home
by those working abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry
and sailors)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $4.3 million
expenditures: $4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1989 est.)
Industries: fishing, tourism, copra
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity--production: 3 million kWh (1995)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA%
nuclear: NA%
other: NA%
Electricity--consumption: 3 million kWh (1995)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1995)
Electricity--imports: 0 kWh (1995)
Agriculture--products: coconuts; fish
Exports: $165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)
Exports--commodities: copra
Exports--partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Imports: $4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)
Imports--commodities: food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery,
manufactured goods
Imports--partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Debt--external: $NA
Economic aid--recipient: $7.9 million (1995); note?substantial
annual support from an international trust fund
Currency: 1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) =
100 cents
Exchange rates: Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A)
per US$1--1.5853 (January 1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773
(1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 130 (1983 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 4,000 (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 0 (1997)
Televisions: NA
Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 8 km (1996 est.)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Ports and harbors: Funafuti, Nukufetau
Merchant marine:
total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 44,371 GRT/70,137 DWT
ships by type: cargo 6, chemical tanker 2, oil tanker 1,
passenger-cargo 1 (1998 est.)
Airports: 1 (1998 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1998 est.)
Military
Military branches: no regular military forces; Police Force
(consists of 56 full- and part-time personnel), Police Force
(includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions
and surveillance operations)
Military expenditures--dollar figure: $NA
Military expenditures--percent of GDP: NA%
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: none
======================================================================
@Uganda
------
Geography
Location: Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 236,040 sq km
land: 199,710 sq km
water: 36,330 sq km
Area--comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933
km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December
to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt
Land use:
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 29% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 90 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment--current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural
use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread
Environment--international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Geography--note: landlocked
People
Population: 22,804,973 (July 1999 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 51% (male 5,857,254; female 5,820,526)
15-64 years: 47% (male 5,301,208; female 5,330,005)
65 years and over: 2% (male 239,434; female 256,546) (1999 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.83% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 48.54 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 18.43 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1997, Uganda was host to
refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan
160,000, Democratic Republic of the Congo 14,000, and Rwanda 12,000
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 90.68 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 43.06 years
male: 42.2 years
female: 43.94 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 7.03 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan
Ethnic groups: Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%,
Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%,
Batobo 3%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 23%
Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%,
indigenous beliefs 18%
Languages: English (official national language, taught in grade
schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications and may be
taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan
languages, Swahili, Arabic
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.8%
male: 73.7%
female: 50.2% (1995 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form: Uganda
Data code: UG
Government type: republic
Capital: Kampala
Administrative divisions: 39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo,
Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala,
Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum,
Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto,
Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai,
Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo
Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution: 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member
Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution
that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was
dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
Legal system: in 1995, the government restored the legal system
to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
seizing power 29 January 1986); note--the president is both chief of
state and head of government
head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since
18 November 1994); note--the president is both chief of state and
head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the
supervision of the cabinet
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected
legislators
elections: president elected by popular vote for a NA-year term;
election last held 9 May 1996 (next to be held by 31 May 2001);
note--first popular election for president since independence in 1962
was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president;
percent of vote--Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%, Paul Kawanga
SSEMOGERERE 24%, Muhammad MAYANJA 2%
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (276 members--214
directly elected by popular vote, 62 nominated by legally
established special interest groups and approved by the
president--women 39, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3; members
serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 June 1996 (next to be held NA 2001);
election results: NA; note--election campaigning by party was not
permitted
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, judges are appointed by the
president; High Court, judges are appointed by the president
Political parties and leaders: only one political organization,
chairman] is recognized; note--this is the party of President
MUSEVENI; the president maintains that the NRM is not a political
party, but a movement which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans
note: of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from
sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's
MAYANJA-NKANGI]; the new constitution requires the suspension of
political party activity until a referendum is held on the matter in
2000
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC,
EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA
chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Nancy J. POWELL
embassy: Parliament Avenue, Kampala
mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
Flag description: six equal horizontal bands of black (top),
yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at
the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol)
facing the hoist side
Economy
Economy--overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources,
including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral
deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important
sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee
is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export
revenues. Since 1986, the government--with the support of foreign
countries and international agencies--has acted to rehabilitate and
stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising
producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum
products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are
especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and
export earnings. In 1990-98, the economy turned in a solid
performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of
infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports,
reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the
return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Continuation of this
performance, while possible, appears difficult because of Ugandan
involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
growing corruption within the government, and slippage in the
government's determination to press reforms.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$22.7 billion (1998 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: 5.5% (1998 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$1,020 (1998 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 44%
industry: 17%
services: 39% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line: 55% (1993 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 33.4% (1992)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.6% (1998)
Labor force: 8.361 million (1993 est.)
Labor force--by occupation: agriculture 86%, industry 4%, services
10% (1980 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $869 million
expenditures: $985 million, including capital expenditures of $69
million (FY95/96)
Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Industrial production growth rate: 19.7% (FY95/96)
Electricity--production: 787 million kWh (1996)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: 0.89%
hydro: 99.11%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity--consumption: 677 million kWh (1996)
Electricity--exports: 110 million kWh (1996)
Electricity--imports: 0 kWh (1996)
Agriculture--products: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava
(tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk,
poultry
Exports: $476 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports--commodities: coffee 54%, gold, fish and fish products,
cotton, tea, corn (1997)
Exports--partners: Spain 14%, Germany 14%, Netherlands 10%, France
8%, Italy (1997)
Imports: $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1998)
Imports--commodities: transportation equipment, petroleum, medical
supplies, iron and steel (1996)
Imports--partners: Kenya 31%, UK 12%, Japan 6%, India 6%, South
Africa 5% (1997)
Debt--external: $2.9 billion (1998 est.)
Economic aid--recipient: $827.3 million (1993)
Currency: 1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1--1,368.4
(December 1998), 1,240.2 (1998), 1,083.0 (1997), 1,046.1 (1996),
968.9 (1995), 979.4 (1994)
Fiscal year: 1 July--30 June
Communications
Telephones: 61,600 (1990 est.)
Telephone system: fair system but in serious need of expansion
and better maintenance; a cellular system has been introduced as a
stopgap but the communications problems will not be solved without
substantial investment in the conventional telephone infrastructure;
e-mail and Internet services are available
domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and
radiotelephone communications stations, cellular system for short
range traffic
international: satellite earth station--1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 2.13 million (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 8 (in addition, there is one
low-power repeater) (1997)
Televisions: 220,000 (1993 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 1,241 km
narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge
note: a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)
Highways:
total: 27,000 km
paved: 1,800 km
unpaved: 25,200 km (of which about 4,800 km are all-weather roads)
(1990 est.)
Waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George,
Lake Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile
Ports and harbors: Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Merchant marine:
total: 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
5,091 GRT/8,229 DWT (1998 est.)
Airports: 27 (1998 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1998 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 23
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 7 (1998 est.)
Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Wing
Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 4,812,363 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 2,611,096 (1999 est.)
Military expenditures--dollar figure: $95 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 1.9% (FY98/99)
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: Ugandan military forces are supporting
the rebel forces in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo
======================================================================
@Ukraine
-------
Geography
Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland
and Russia
Geographic coordinates: 49 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States
Area:
total: 603,700 sq km
land: 603,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area--comparative: slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 4,558 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km,
Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia
1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km
Coastline: 2,782 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200-m or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the
southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately
distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and
southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold
farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the
country, hot in the south
Terrain: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and
plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians),
and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m
Natural resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil,
salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel,
mercury, timber
Land use:
arable land: 58%
permanent crops: 2%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 18%
other: 9% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 26,050 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment--current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water;
air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in
the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
Environment--international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
Geography--note: strategic position at the crossroads between
Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe
People
Population: 49,811,174 (July 1999 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 18% (male 4,690,318; female 4,498,239)
15-64 years: 68% (male 16,136,296; female 17,572,011)
65 years and over: 14% (male 2,251,664; female 4,662,646) (1999 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.62% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 9.54 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 16.38 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 21.73 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 65.91 years
male: 60.23 years
female: 71.87 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.34 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Ukrainian(s)
adjective: Ukrainian
Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%
Religions: Ukrainian Orthodox--Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian
Orthodox--Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox,
Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish
Languages: Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 100%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ukraine
local long form: none
local short form: Ukrayina
former: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Data code: UP
Government type: republic
Capital: Kiev (Kyyiv)