Rules for the government of the Board of trustees and employés of the
public library
[Slightly modified from the rules of the Erie (Pa.) public library.]
ARTICLE I
MEETINGS OF THE BOARD
Section 1. The regular meetings of the board of trustees shall be held
on the Monday preceding the first Thursday of every month, at 8 p.m.
Sec. 2. Special meetings shall be called by the president whenever,
in his judgment, they may be necessary; or at the written request of
three members of the board.
ARTICLE II
QUORUMS
Section 1. Five members of the board and two of any standing committee
shall constitute a quorum, in either case, for the transaction of
business.
ARTICLE III
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Section 1. The order of business at all regular meetings of the board
shall be as follows:
1. Roll call.
2. Reading of the minutes.
3. Petitions and communications.
4. Hearing of citizens and others.
5. Report of the secretary.
6. Report of the librarian.
7. Report of the book committee.
8. Report of the finance committee.
9. Report of the building committee.
10. Report of special committees.
11. Bills and pay-rolls.
12. New business.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. The officers of the board shall consist of a president,
vice-president, and secretary, each of whom shall be elected at
the regular meeting in January, to serve for one year. In case of a
vacancy the board may elect a person to fill the unexpired term at any
regular meeting. Temporary appointments may be made in the absence of
the regular officers.
Sec. 2. The president shall preside at the meetings of the board;
appoint the various committees; certify all bills that have been
recommended for payment by the board; prepare the annual report; see
to the general enforcement of the rules; and perform such other duties
as the board may direct. In conjunction with the finance committee,
he shall make an estimate at the close of each fiscal year of the
probable expenses for the ensuing year, and submit the same to the
board for its action.
Sec. 3. The vice-president shall perform the duties of the president
in the latter's absence.
Sec. 4. The secretary shall record all proceedings of the board; read
the minutes of the preceding meeting, or meetings, at each regular
meeting; keep a detailed account of receipts and expenses; report
the same to the board monthly; file all communications, vouchers, and
other papers; certify all bills that have been recommended for payment
by the board; transmit all resolutions and recommendations that may
require it to the board of education or the proper committee thereof;
prepare an annual report of receipts and expenses; and perform such
other duties as the board may require.
ARTICLE V
COMMITTEES
Section 1. The standing committees of the board shall be a finance
committee, a book committee, and a committee on building and grounds,
each to consist of three members, to be named by the president at the
regular meeting in February of each year.
Sec. 2. The finance committee shall certify to the correctness of all
bills and pay-rolls before their presentation to the board; require a
voucher for all expenses; see that the accounts are properly kept;
aid the president in making up his annual estimates; verify the fiscal
reports of the secretary and librarian; and look after the financial
affairs of the board generally.
Sec. 3. The book committee shall be consulted by the librarian in the
selection of all books, magazines, newspapers, etc.; prepare the rules
for the management of the library; supervise the cataloging, labeling,
and shelving of the various publications; have general charge of the
book rooms; suggest suitable persons for employés (except the janitor
and his assistants), and fix the duties of the same; require a list
of all gifts, purchases and losses to be kept by the librarian, and
verify his monthly and annual statements of the same.
Sec. 4. The committee on building and grounds shall purchase and take
charge of the furniture and fixtures in the Library building; look
after all matters pertaining to the building and grounds (inclusive of
sidewalks, lawns, heating, lighting, and ventilation), and suggest the
proper persons to serve as janitor and assistants to the same. They
shall require all parts of the premises to be kept in a neat, clean,
and creditable condition, and report all defects that require repair
or remedy.
ARTICLE VI
EXPENDITURES
Section 1. Unless otherwise ordered by the board, no indebtedness
shall be incurred without the previous approval of the proper
committee.
Sec. 2. No committee shall authorize an expense of more than $25 in
any one month without having secured the sanction of the board in
advance.
Sec. 3. No bill shall be recommended to be paid by the board until it
has been approved by the proper committee in writing.
Sec. 4. All bills recommended for payment by the board shall be
certified by the president and secretary.
Sec. 5. When bids are asked for supplies, furniture, repairs, labor,
etc., they shall be made under seal, and shall only be opened at a
meeting of the board or of the committee to which the matter has been
referred.
ARTICLE VII
TO BE IN WRITING
Section 1. All reports, recommendations, and resolutions shall be
submitted in writing.
Sec. 2. Reports of committees shall be signed by two members thereof.
ARTICLE VIII
EMPLOYÉS
Section 1. The terms of all regular employés shall continue until
their successors are appointed. They shall be subject, however, to
removal for cause, at any time, by a vote of the board.
Sec. 2. The president may suspend any employé, for cause, subject to
the action of the board at its next meeting.
Sec. 3. The salaries of employés shall be fixed before their election.
ARTICLE IX
THE LIBRARIAN
Section 1. Subject to the direction of the board and the several
committees, the librarian shall have supervisory charge, control, and
management of the Library building and all of its appurtenances, as
well as of all the employés in and about the same.
Sec. 2. He shall be held strictly responsible for the care and
preservation of the property in charge of the board; the courtesy and
efficiency of the library service; the accuracy of the records;
the reliability of his accounts and statements; the classifying,
cataloging, and shelving of the books; the enforcement of the rules;
the cleanliness and good condition of the building, grounds, and
sidewalks; and the proper heating, lighting, and ventilation of the
building.
Sec 3. He shall attend the meetings of the board and assist the
secretary in keeping his minutes and accounts.
Sec. 4. He shall keep an account, in permanent form, of all his
receipts and expenses on behalf of the library, and report the same to
the board monthly.
Sec. 5. He shall make a monthly report of the operations of the
library, including a list of all accessions to the various departments
of the same, whether by gift or purchase, with such recommendations
as, in his opinion, will promote its efficiency.
Sec. 6. He shall keep record books of all accessions to the library by
purchase, and of all gifts for its several departments, with the dates
when received, and, in the case of donations, the names and places of
residence of the donors.
Sec. 7. He shall promptly and courteously acknowledge all gifts to the
library or any of its departments.
Sec. 8. He shall keep an account of the time of the several employés;
prepare the pay-rolls in accordance therewith, and place the same
before the finance committee in advance of each regular meeting.
Sec. 9. He shall prepare an annual report showing, as fully as may be
practical, the operation of the library and its several departments
during the preceding year, with an inventory of the furniture, books,
and other contents of the building.
Sec. 10. The first assistant librarian shall perform the duties of the
librarian during the latter's absence.
ARTICLE X
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. Amendments hereto shall only be made at a regular meeting
of the board, and must be proposed at least one month previous to
final action on the same.
CHAPTER XLIII
Reports
As far as the welfare of the library is concerned, the money spent in
publishing an elaborate annual report can often be better invested in
a few popular books, or, better still, in a few attractively printed
statements of progress and of needs, distributed through the community
on special occasions. If there must be an annual report for the
general public--which will not read it--it should be brief and
interesting, without many figures and without many complaints. Do not
think it necessary, in making up your report, to adopt the form or
the list of contents usually followed by libraries. Give the necessary
figures as briefly as may be, and adapt the rest of the report to the
library and its community.
CHAPTER XLIV
Library legislation
Prank C. Patten, librarian Helena (Mont.) public library
The modern library movement is embodying ideas that are yet to
make public libraries about as common as public schools, and
correspondingly important in educational value. After a generation
of most remarkable growth of public libraries in number, size, and
recognized usefulness, experience can now enlighten us in regard to
plans of library support and organization. The best interests of the
movement are served by embodying the results of this experience
in law. Such a law, by setting forth a good plan, encourages the
establishment and promotes the growth of these popular educational
institutions.
Outline of a good law
The following outline (with explanatory notes) embraces the important
provisions of a good state library law:
1 _Establishment and maintenance._--Authorize the governing body in
connection with the voters of any city, town, county, school district,
or other political body that has power to levy and collect taxes,
to establish and maintain a public library for the free use of the
people. Provide also for joint establishment and maintenance, for
aiding a free library with public money, and for contract with some
existing library for general or special library privileges. Provide
for maintenance by regular annual rate of tax. Authorize special
tax or bonds to provide rooms, land, or buildings. Provide that on
petition of 25 or 50 taxpayers the questions of establishment, rate of
tax, and bonds shall first be decided by vote of the people at general
or special election, to be changed only by another vote.
Note.--It is believed that there need be no limit of rate placed in
the state law, as a community is not at all likely to vote to tax
itself too high for library support. The people of a small place will,
in fact, often fail to realize that in order to raise money enough to
accomplish their object the tax rate must be higher than in a large
place. It is not impossible that communities will, by and by, spend
about as much in support of their public libraries as in support of
their public schools.
2 _Management._--Establish an independent board of trustees and place
the management wholly in its hands. Constitute the library a public
corporation, with power to acquire, hold, transfer, and lease
property, and to receive donations and bequests. Secure a permanent
board with gradual change of membership, the number of members to be
not less than three, and the term of office certainly to be not less
than three years.
Note.--In order to remove public library management from the
influences of party politics, the library and its property should
be wholly left to the control of trustees selected from citizens of
recognized fitness for such a duty. Ex-officio membership in a library
board should generally be avoided, especially in case of a small
board; fitness for the position alone should be considered. Experience
seems to show that in cities the proper board of trustees can best
be secured through appointment by the mayor and confirmation by the
council. It is a good way to provide for five trustees, one to be
appointed each year for a term of five years. This number is large
enough to be representative, and small enough to avoid the great
difficulty in securing a quorum if the number is large. The length
of term in connection with gradual change of membership encourages
careful planning, and it secures the much needed continuity of
management and political independence. And yet there is sufficient
change of officers so that the board will not be too far removed from
the public will.
3 _Miscellaneous_.--State the purpose of a public library broadly,
perhaps in the form of a definition. Make possible the maintenance of
loan, reference, reading room, museum, lecture, and allied educational
features, and of branches. Prescribe mode for changing form of
organization of an existing library to conform to new law. Impose
penalties for theft, mutilation, over-detention, and disturbance.
Provide for distributing all publications of the state free to public
libraries.
Note.--It is probably most convenient to have the library year
correspond with the calendar year. It is well to have the trustees
appointed and the report of the library made at a different time
of the year from either the local or general elections. The library
is thus more likely to be free from the influences of party politics.
To have a library treasurer is probably the better plan, but library
money may be kept in the hands of the municipal treasurer as a
separate fund, and be paid out by order of the board of trustees
only.
Libraries for schoolrooms, to be composed of reference books,
books for supplementary reading, class duplicates, and professional
books for teachers, should be provided for in the public
school law. School funds should be used and school authorities
should manage these libraries. The business of lending books
for home use is better and more economically managed by a public
library, having an organization that is independent of the
school authorities.
4 _A state central authority_.--Establish a state library commission;
appointments on this commission to be made by the governor and
confirmed by the senate, one each year for a term of five years. Make
the commission the head of the public library system of the state
with supervisory powers. Let the commission manage the state library
entirely, and center all its work at that institution. Let it be
the duty of the commission, whenever it is asked, to give advice and
instruction in organization and administration to the libraries in
the state; to receive reports from these libraries and to publish an
annual report; to manage the distribution of state aid, and to manage
a system of traveling libraries.
Note.--Within a few years each of several states has provided for a
state library commission, to be in some sense the head of the public
library system of the state, as the state board of education is
the head of the public school system of the state. By having small
traveling libraries of 50 or 100v. each, to lend for a few months to
localities that have no libraries, and by having a little state aid to
distribute wisely, the state library commission is able to encourage
communities to do more for themselves in a library way than they
otherwise would. There may be cases where the work of the commission
might better be centered at the state university library. The state
library commission has proved to be a useful agency wherever tried,
and the plan seems likely to spread throughout the country. In Wyoming
the income from 30,000 acres of state land forms a library fund. It
would seem probable that other states will adopt this plan. By far the
most complete and successful state system that has yet been organized
is that of New York, where all centers in the state library at Albany
as headquarters.
Reading matter on library legislation
The report of the United States commissioner of education for 1895-96
contains a compilation of the library laws of all the states. Every
year new laws and amendments are enacted in several of the states,
and the advance is very marked. The laws of New York, Massachusetts,
Wisconsin, and Illinois are among the best.
Essentials of a good law
The three most essential things to be provided for in a good state
library law are:
1 A sure and steady revenue.
2 Careful and consecutive management.
3 A central library authority.
In attempting to alter or make new laws, these essentials should be
kept clearly in mind, but special conditions peculiar to each state
dictate modifications of any general plan. Anyone interested in
the matter could read the general articles upon the subject and the
various state laws, and then, with the assistance of the best legal
talent to be obtained, frame an act appropriate to the conditions of
his state.
CHAPTER XLV
A.L.A. and other library associations and clubs
The American Library Association was organized in 1876. It holds
annual meetings. It publishes its proceedings in volumes, of which
those now in print may be purchased of the A.L.A. Publishing section,
10-1/2 Beacon st., Boston, or of the secretary. It seeks in every
practicable way to develop and strengthen the public library as
an essential part of the American educational system. It therefore
strives by individual effort of members, and where practicable by
local organization, to stimulate public interest in establishing or
improving libraries, and thus to bring the best reading within reach
of all.
Librarians, trustees, and persons interested may become members;
the annual fee is $2. Membership entitles one to a copy of the
proceedings; it has now about 800 members.
Every person actively engaged in library work owes it to herself, as
well as to her profession, to join the American Library Association.
If the association is large, if its meetings are well attended, if its
proceedings as published show that the problems of library work are
carefully studied, if the published proceedings are widely circulated,
it is easier to persuade the intelligent part of the public that
the librarian's profession is serious, dignified, and calls to
its membership men and women of ability and zeal. If the public is
persuaded of these things, the position of the humblest as well as
of the highest in the profession is thereby rendered better worth the
holding. To attend diligently to one's business is sometimes a most
proper form of advertising one's merits. To be a zealous and active
member of the A.L.A. is to attend to an important part of one's
business; for one can't join it and work with it and for it and not
increase one's efficiency in many ways.
State associations have been organized in the following states: New
York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wisconsin, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan,
Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Vermont, California,
Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa.
The following states have state library commissions: Connecticut,
Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Vermont,
Wisconsin, Indiana, Colorado, Michigan, New Jersey, Minnesota.
The following cities have library clubs: Buffalo, Chicago,
Minneapolis, New York city, Washington city.
An inquiry for information regarding any of these associations or
clubs, addressed to any librarian in the states given, will receive
attention.
Much of what is said above about the A.L.A. applies with equal force
to the association of one's state or neighborhood. Often, moreover, it
is possible to attend a state association meeting at small expense of
time or money.
CHAPTER XLVI
Library schools and training classes
As libraries have become more thoroughly organized, as they have
become more aggressive in their methods, and as they have come to be
looked upon by librarians and others as possible active factors in
educational work, the proper management of them has naturally been
found to require experience and technical knowledge as well as tact,
a love of books, and janitorial zeal. It is seen that the best
librarians are trained as well as born; hence the library school. The
library school--a list of those now in operation will be found at
the end of this chapter--does not confine itself to education in the
technical details of library management. It aims first to arouse in
its pupils the "modern library spirit," the wish, that is, to make
the library an institution which shall help its owners, the public,
to become happier and wiser, and adds to this work what it can of
knowledge of books, their use, their housing, and their helpful
arrangement. Perhaps the ideal preparation for a librarian today would
be, after a thorough general education, two or three years in a good
library school preceded and followed by a year in a growing library of
moderate size.
A few libraries have tried with much success the apprentice system of
library training, taking in a class, or series of classes, for a
few months or a year, and at the end of the period of apprenticeship
selecting from the class additions to its regular corps.
List of library schools and training classes
New York state library school, Albany; Pratt institute library school,
Brooklyn; Wisconsin summer school of library science, Madison; Drexel
institute library school, Philadelphia, Pa.; University of Illinois
state library school, Champaign; Amherst summer school library class,
Amherst, Mass.; Los Angeles public library training class; Cleveland
summer school of library science.
CHAPTER XLVII
The Library department of the N.E.A.
The Library department of the National educational association holds
meetings annually at the same time and place with the N.E.A.
The National educational association is the largest organized body of
members of the teaching profession in the world. Its annual meetings
bring together from 5000 to 15,000 teachers of every grade, from the
kindergarten to the university. It includes a number of departments,
each devoted to a special branch of educational work. The Library
department was established in 1897. It has held successful meetings.
It is doing much to bring together librarians and teachers. It is
arousing much interest in the subject of the use of books by young
people, briefly touched on in the later chapters of this book.
Following the example of the N.E.A., many state and county
associations of teachers throughout the country have established
library departments. At these are discussed the many aspects of such
difficult and as yet unanswered questions as: What do children most
like to read? How interest them in reading? What is the best reading
for them?
CHAPTER XLVIII
Young people and the schools
If possible give the young people a reading room of their own, and a
room in which are their own particular books. These special privileges
will not bar them from the general use of the library. Make no age
limit in issuing borrowers' cards. A child old enough to know the use
of books is old enough to borrow them, and to begin that branch of its
education which a library only can give. The fact that a child is a
regular attendant at school is in itself almost sufficient guarantee
for giving him a borrower's card. Certainly this fact, in addition to
the signature of parent, guardian, or adult friend, even if the signer
does not come to the library, will be guarantee enough.
Teachers should be asked to help in persuading children to make the
acquaintance of the library, and then to make good use of it. To get
this help from teachers is not easy. They are generally fully occupied
with keeping their pupils up to the required scholarship mark. They
have no time to look after outside matters.
Visits to teachers in their schoolrooms by librarian or assistant will
often be found helpful. Lists of books adapted to schoolroom use, both
for the teacher and for pupils, are good, but are very little used
when offered, unless followed up by personal work. Brief statements of
what the library can do and would like to do in the way of helping on
the educational work of the community will be read by the occasional
teacher. Teachers can sometimes be interested in a library through the
interest in it of the children themselves. The work of getting young
people to come to the library and enjoy its books should go hand in
hand with the work of persuading teachers to interest children in the
library. It is not enough to advertise the library's advantages in
the papers, or to send to teachers a printed statement that they are
invited and urged to use the institution; nor is it enough to visit
them and say that the books in the library are at their service.
These facts must be demonstrated by actual practice on every possible
opportunity. A teacher who goes to a library and finds its privileges
much hedged about with rules and regulations will perhaps use it
occasionally, certainly not often. Appropriate books should be put
directly into their hands, the educational work of this, that, and the
other teacher should be noted, and their attention called to the new
books which touch their particular fields.
Teachers' cards can be provided which will give to holders special
privileges. It is a question, however, if such a system is necessary
or worth while. Under the charging system already described any
teacher can be permitted to take away as many books as she wishes, and
a record of them can be easily and quickly made. To give "teachers'
cards," with accompanying privileges, is to limit to some extent the
rights of all others. And yet teachers may very often properly receive
special attention. In a measure they are part of the library's staff
of educational workers. But these special attentions or favors should
be offered without proclaiming the fact to the rest of the community.
Many cannot see why a teacher should receive favors not granted to
all.
Take special pains to show children the use of indexes, and indeed of
all sorts of reference books; they will soon be familiar with them and
handle them like lifelong students. Gain the interest of teachers in
this sort of work, and urge them to bring their classes and make a
study of your reference books.
CHAPTER XLIX
How the library can assist the school
Channing Folsom, superintendent of schools, Dover, N.H., in Public
Libraries, May, 1898
We have to consider the teacher, the school, the pupil, the home. The
teacher is likely to be conservative; to have fallen into ruts; to
be joined to his idols; to make the text-book a fetish; to teach a
particular book rather than the subject, so that the initiative in
works of coöperation must come from the library side.
If, then, the library is equally conservative, if the librarian and
the trustees look upon their books as too sacred or too precious to
be handled by boys and girls, the desired coöperation will never be
attained.
In beginning the desired work the librarian must have a well-defined
idea of what is to be done and how. There should be a well-defined
line of differentiation between material which the school should
furnish and that properly belonging to the library province.
Of course all text-books, all supplementary reading matter for
classroom use, all ordinary reference books, should be furnished by
the school authorities. But the more extensive and the more expensive
dictionaries, gazetteers, cyclopedias, and books for topical reference
cannot be so furnished. If they are to be used by public school
pupils, the library must supply them, and make access to them as easy
and as pleasant as possible.
It is within the scope of the library to improve the taste in reading
among the pupils of the schools by compiling lists of the best books
upon the shelves, and distributing these lists to the pupils. Such
lists may be classified as suitable to different grades or ages, or
by subjects, as, History of different countries or epochs, Biography,
Travels, Nature work, Fiction, etc.
The possible good that may be achieved in this way is immeasurable.
Although, according to Dogberry, to write and read comes by nature,
we must remember that a taste for good reading is not innate but
acquired, and that it is not ordinarily acquired under unfavorable
conditions. To ensure the acquirement of this taste by the child, good
reading must be made as accessible as the bad, the librarian and
the teacher must conspire to put good reading, interesting reading,
elevating reading in his way. The well-read person is an educated
person. The taste for good reading once acquired is permanent. There
is little danger of backsliding. It grows with indulgence. One writer
says: No man having once tasted good food or good wine, or even good
tobacco, ever voluntarily turns to an inferior article. So with our
reading habits; a taste for good reading once acquired becomes a joy
forever.
Teachers do not realize, as does the librarian, the low tone of the
reading taste of the community. When they fully understand this,
together with the fact that the acquirement of a reading habit and
a love for good literature are largely dependent, in a majority of
cases, upon the public school training, then will the librarian have
to bestir himself to supply the demand for good books made by the
school.
The habit thus formed, the taste thus acquired, will be of infinitely
more value to them than the information gained. The latter may soon
be forgotten, the former will stay with them through life; but the
influence of good books taken into the homes of our school children,
from the library or from the school, does not stop with the children
themselves. It is impossible that such books should go into even an
ignorant, uncouth, unlettered family without exerting an elevating and
refining influence.
Thus the school opens to the library the broadest field for doing
the greatest good to the greatest number, the shortest avenue to the
masses.
But the consciousness of good done will not be the only reward for
the library. The reflex action upon the library of this intimate
connection with the school will be highly beneficial. A generation
will grow up trained to associate the library and the school as
instrumentalities of public education, demanding alike its moral and
financial support, a generation that in town meetings and in city
councils will advocate generous appropriations for the public library
as well as for the public school.
Thus, your bread cast upon the waters shall return unto you after many
days.
CHAPTER L
Children's room
In recent years a number of the larger libraries of the country have
given up a portion of the delivery room, or a separate room entire,
to the use of children. All of these special arrangements for children
thus far reported have been successful. The plan that seems to give
the greatest satisfaction, is to place in a room opening from the
delivery room, and perhaps forming in effect a part of it, the books
in the library especially adapted to the use of young people up to
about 14 years of age. Such of these books as are not fiction are
classified as closely as are the books in the main part of the
library, and are arranged by their numbers on the shelves.
In this room the children have free access to the shelves. An
attendant in charge gives special attention to the wants of the young
visitors, and as far as possible gives guidance in the selection and
instruction in the use of the books. A collection of reference books
adapted to the young is sometimes added to the books which circulate.
Even in the very small library a corner for young people will usually
be found an attractive and useful feature. It draws the young folks
away from the main collection, where their presence sometimes proves
an annoyance. It does not at all prevent the use, by the younger
readers, of the books of the elders if they wish to use them, and it
makes much easier some slight supervision, at least, of the former's
reading.
CHAPTER LI
Schoolroom libraries
"Schoolroom library" is the term commonly applied to a small
collection, usually about 50v., of books placed on an open shelf in
a schoolroom. In a good many communities these libraries have
been purchased and owned by the board of education, or the school
authorities, whoever they may be. If they are the property of the
school board they commonly remain in the schoolroom in which they are
placed. As the children in that room are changed each year, and as the
collections selected for the different grades are usually different,
the child as he passes through the rooms comes into close contact with
a new collection each year. There are some advantages in having the
ownership and control of these libraries remain entirely in the hands
of the school board and the superintendent. The library, however,
is generally the place in the community in which is to be found the
greatest amount of information about books in general, the purchasing
of them, the proper handling of them in fitting them for the shelves,
cataloging, binding, etc., and the selection of those best adapted to
young people. It is quite appropriate therefore, that, as is in many
cities the case, the public library should supply the schools with
these schoolroom libraries from its own shelves, buying therefor
special books and often many copies of the same book.
If schoolroom libraries do come from the public library, they can
with very little difficulty be changed several times during the school
year. With a little care on the part of the librarian and teachers,
the collection of any given room can be by experience and observation
better and better adapted to the children in that room as time goes
on.
There are many ways of using the schoolroom library. The books forming
it should stand on open shelves accessible to the pupils whenever the
teacher gives permission. They may be lent to the children to take
home. Thus used they often lead both children and parents to read more
and better books than before, and to use the larger collections of
the public library. They may be used for collateral reading in the
schoolroom itself. Some of them may be read aloud by the teacher. They
may serve as a reference library in connection with topics in history,
geography, science, and other subjects.
Wherever introduced these libraries have been very successful.
CHAPTER LII
Children's home libraries
In a few cities the following plan for increasing the amount of good
reading among the children of the poorer and less educated has been
tried with great success. It is especially adapted to communities
which are quite distant from the public library or any of its
branches. It is, as will be seen, work which is in the spirit of the
college settlement plan. The "home libraries," if they do no more,
serve as a bond of common interest between the children and their
parents, and the persons who wish to add to their lives something of
interest and good cheer. As a matter of fact they do more than this.
They lead not a few to use the library proper, and they give to at
least a few boys and girls an opportunity for self-education such as
no other institution yet devised can offer.
A home library is a small collection of books, usually only 15 or 20,
with one or two young folks' periodicals, put up in a box with locked
cover. The box is so made that it will serve as a bookcase and can be
hung on a wall or stood on the floor or a table. In the neighborhood
in which it is to be placed a group of four or five children is
found--or perhaps a father or a mother--who will agree to look after
the books. To one of these, called the librarian, is given the key of
the box, and the box itself is placed in the spot selected; perhaps
a hallway or a living room. Under a few very simple regulations the
librarian lends the books in the home library to the young people of
the neighborhood. If the experiment is successful the first set of
books is changed for another, and the work continues. Or perhaps
the library is enlarged; and perhaps even grows into a permanent
institution.
CHAPTER LIII
Literary clubs and libraries
Evva L. Moore, Withers' public library
[Public Libraries, June, 1897]
In your community are a number of literary clubs; if there are not, it
lies within the power of the librarian to create them: an evening club
composed of men and women; a ladies' club for the study of household
economics; a young ladies' club for the study of music or some
literary topic; a club for young men in which to study sociology;
a novel club for the study of the world's great fiction. For
constitutions suitable for such clubs, account of administration,
organization, etc., consult the Extension bulletin no. 11 of the
university of the state of New York, and Bulletin no. 1, June, 1896,
of the Michigan State library, and List of books for women and girls
and their clubs.
The study club is one of the best means of extending the influence
of your library; of securing the attention and hold of the people.
It awakens thought, arouses discussions, puts into circulation books
which otherwise might stand idle on the shelves.
It is necessary to study carefully the courses of study of the
different clubs, and to do this the programs must be on file in the
library. If they are printed (and encourage this) so much the better;
if in manuscript they can be used with small inconvenience.
If the program is prepared week by week only, make arrangements to
have it sent immediately to the library; also watch your local paper
for notices.
No doubt the officers of the various clubs come to you for suggestions
when arranging the course of study for the year, and to inquire as
to the resources of the library on the subject in hand, in order that
every effort may be made to fill the gaps in the library collection.
When a request of this kind comes, suggestions and assistance may be
obtained from the two bulletins mentioned above, as, in addition to
information along the lines of organization, they contain outlines of
study.
Harper's bazaar devotes a page each week to club women and club work.
University-extension bulletins and courses of study offer numerous
suggestions.
The literary clubs of the smaller towns without libraries, within a
radius of a few miles of your own small town, copying after their
more pretentious sister along literary lines, should have your
encouragement and assistance. Lend all the books that you can spare on
as easy terms as are compatible with your rules; in short, institute
traveling libraries on a small scale.
CHAPTER LIV
Museums, lectures, etc.
A museum in connection with the library, either historical or
scientific, or an art gallery, may be made a source of attraction, and
of much educational value. The collecting of antiquities, or natural
history specimens, or rare bindings, or ancient books or manuscripts,
is generally taken up by societies organized for such purposes. The
library should try to bring these collections into such relations
with itself as to add to its own attractiveness, and to make more
interesting and instructive the collections.
A library can often very happily advertise itself, and encourage
the use of its books, by establishing a series of lectures.
Entertainments, somewhat of the nature of receptions, or exhibits of
the library's treasures in the library itself, will sometimes add to
the institution's popularity, and will always afford a good excuse for
sending to leading people in the community a note reminding them of
the library's existence and perhaps of its needs.
CHAPTER LV
Rules for the care of photographs
Henry W. Kent, Slater museum, Norwich, Conn.
I. Accessioning
The _accession book_ should be ruled in columns under the following
headings:
A, Accession number; B, Author; C, Title; D, Gallery; E, Photographer
and place of publication; F, Date of publication; G, Photographer's
number; H, Process; I, Size of print; J, Size of mount; K, Cost; L,
Cost of mounting; M, Remarks.
A Accession number. The consecutive Museum number to be either written
or printed. This column should be used to give the date of accession.
B Author. For photographs of paintings give one important name.
For photographs of sculpture give sculptor's name, where known.
For photographs of architecture give name of city followed by country
in parentheses. London (Eng.)
C Title. For photographs of painting and sculpture use short, catch
title, bringing, where possible, the important name first.
For photographs of architecture, make first word a word descriptive
of the kind of building: Temple of Mars; Cathedral of Notre Dame;
Basilica of S. Paolo.
D Gallery. This column is used for sculpture and painting only. Enter
official name of gallery under name of city, followed by country in
parentheses, and separated by hyphen: London (Eng.)-National Gallery;
Paris (France)-Louvre.
E Photographer and place of publication. Use the last name of
publisher, followed by name of city abbreviated. Alinari, Fio.; Braun,
Pa.; Hanfstaengl, Mün.
F Date. The high grade photographs have the date of their publication
on the mount.
G Publisher's number. To be found on all prints.
H Process. State whether silver print, platinotype, carbon (give color
b. for black, br. for brown, g. for gray), autotype, collotype, etc.
I Size of print. Give size in centimeters, giving width first.
J Size of mount. Use the following notation:
F for size measuring 22x28 inches, and upwards.
Q for size measuring 18x22 inches up to 22x28.
O for size measuring 14x18 inches up to 18x22.
D for all sizes under O.
K Cost. Give cost of imported prints in foreign money; give total of
bill in American money.
L Cost of mounting.
M Remarks. This column will be found useful for date of remounting
prints.
Enter all prints in the order of the publisher's bill.
Write the accession number on the back of mount (see under Labeling)
and on author card.
II. Card cataloging
Photographs of paintings and sculpture should be entered under the
following heads: A, Author, B, Title, C, Gallery, D, School of painter
or sculptor.
Use Library Bureau card, no. 33r.
A Author card. This should show, a, author's name, dates of birth and
death, and school; b, Title of work; c, Kind of work; d, Gallery; e,
Imprint; f, Accession number; g, Classification or storage number.
[Illustration: Painting card; author, with full name to precede list
of words.
1
Giorgione, II. (Giorgio _Barbarelli_) called.
1477-1511. _Italian-Venetian_
A]
Aa Enter author on first blue line between red lines, under his best
known name, even if a nickname, giving full name with nicknames and
their translations after it, in parentheses. Give dates of birth and
death in parentheses, followed by name of the school to which the
artist belonged. Make cross-references from all forms under which the
author might be looked for.
(It will be found convenient to give all this data on one card, to
precede the list of the artist's works, using on all following cards
the first, or well-known name, only.)
[Illustration: Painting card; author, showing title of work, kind of
work, gallery, etc.
2
Q Giorgione, II.
G43h _Holy Family_. _Easel-picture_.
_Venice_(Italy)-PalazzoGiovanelli.
Naya, Venice. 993. Silver, 27x35cm.
A]
Ab Write the title on second blue line, at the right of red lines.
Make it as brief as possible, using the important name in it, first.
Christ, Baptism of; Christ, Betrayal of; Virgin Mary, Coronation of;
St John, Birth of; St Peter, Martyrdom of.
Ac Indicate after the title whether it is an easel-picture, fresco,
statue, relief, or a part of a larger work.
Ad Give on fourth blue line, at left of red lines, the official name
of gallery, preceded by city, with country in parentheses. London
(Eng.)-National Gallery.
Ae Give the imprint on fifth blue line, beginning at the right of red
lines: name of photographer, place of publication, date, number of
print, process, size of print in cm., bottom by height.
B Title card. This card should show, a, Title, b, Author.
[Illustration: Painting card; title, with different authors and
galleries.
Holy Family. See
_Buonarotti_. Florence (It.)-Palazzo Uffizi.
Q-G43h _Giorgigne II_. Venice (It.)-Palazzo Giovanelli.
_Ghirlandaio II_. Florence (It.)-Palazzo Uffizi.
B]
Ba Give on first blue line, beginning at the left of red lines, a full
title, but as in Ab make the important name or word the first word.
Christ, Baptism of; Christ, Betrayal of; St John, Birth of; Portrait
of Pope Julius.
Bb Give on second blue line, between red lines, the one well known or
important author's name; the first one used in Aa.
The title card becomes in most cases a series card, since the title of
an often-represented subject attracts to itself many names of artists.
In such cases arrange the authors' names alphabetically, in columns,
and against them write the names of the galleries where the works are
to be found. Give class and author number in blue ink at the left.
C Gallery card. This card is a series card, and should show, a, name
of gallery; b, names of the artists and their works in the gallery.
Ca Give official name of gallery preceded by the name of the city
where it is located, with country in parentheses.
Cb Enter alphabetically, names of authors, with the title of their
works, one author to a line. Give at the left, classification numbers
in blue ink.
[Illustration: Painting card; gallery, with authors and titles of
works.
Venice (Italy) - Palazzo Giovanelli
Q-G43h Giargione II. Holy Family.
C]
D School card. This should show under the names American, English,
French, German, Italian-Florentine, Italian-Venetian, Italian-Umbrian,
Italian-Parmesan, Spanish, etc., all the artists of the school
arranged alphabetically, with the number of their works written in, in
pencil.
[Illustration: Painting card; school, all authors of school arranged
alphabetically with number of works written in pencil.
School.
Italian-Venetian.
Q-G43h _Giorgione_, il. _Veronese_
D]
Photographs of Architecture should be cataloged according to the
foregoing rules, except in the following cases:
Author card. For author, give the name of the city where the building
or detail is found, followed by the country in parentheses.
For title make the first word descriptive of the kind of building, and
after the name of the building give the point from which the view
was taken, affixed to the words interior or exterior: Temple of Zeus,
Exterior from the east. Cathedral of Notre Dame, Interior of nave
looking east.
Instead of gallery, give style of building, using words Egyptian,
Assyrian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance,
Modern, etc., followed by adjective indicating country.
Imprint the same.
Gallery card will not be needed.
[Illustration: Architecture card; author, showing place, kind of
building, and style.
Q Poitiers (France).
P75 Cathedral. Interior of Nave, looking East.
_Gothic_ French
_Robett, Paris_ 348 Silver, 28x33 cm.
A]
For school card use S style card.
Style card. This should show all photographs arranged by cities, under
styles, under general term Architecture.
Architecture, Gothic--Italian.
Architecture, Gothic--Spanish.
Architecture, Gothic--English, perpendicular.
Architecture, Gothic--English, pointed.
[Illustration: Architecture card; style, showing place, etc.
Architecture - Gothic. French
_Abbeyville_ Ch. of S. Wulfrand
_Amiens_ Cathedral
_Auxerre_
S]
The cards for the three divisions, architecture, painting, and
sculpture, should be kept in separate alphabets.
III. Classification
Arrange the photographs of sculpture and painting alphabetically by
authors where known; where not known, by subjects under the various
sizes.
Arrange the photographs of architecture alphabetically by cities,
under the sizes.
Indicate the arrangement on cards by two numbers, in blue ink: the
Classification number and the Author number.
Classification number. This is indicated by the letters F, Q, O, D.
Author number. Use the C: A. Cutter Letter alphabetic-order table for
book authors, and add to the number so gained the first one or two
letters (as the number of prints may require) of the title of the
print; or the numerals 1, 2, and 3 may be used.
Write these two numbers in blue ink on the cards, as follows:
Author card. Class number on the first line of upper left-hand corner;
author number below it.
On other cards. Write at the left of first red line the two numbers on
one line separated by a hyphen.
IV. Labeling
Give author's name in full, with dates, in parentheses, and school,
beginning directly under left-hand corner of print.
Give title, same as on title card, only reversing the form, beginning
under the middle of print and running out to the right-hand corner.
Some collections have more or less descriptive matter on the mount,
but this is to be discouraged.
Give the Gallery or Style at lower left-hand corner of mount 1 inch
from either edge. Use waterproof or India ink in all cases.
[Illustration: Showing proper method of entering descriptive matter on
mounted photographs.]
Stamp name of collection with rubber stamp on back of mount in upper
left-hand corner, 1-1/2 inches from upper and side edges.
The stamp should give full name and place of museum or library,
leaving room above for class and author number, and below for
accession number.
[Illustration:
Class ____ Author ____
Slater Memorial Museum
Norwich, Conn.
No. ____]
V. Storage
Store sizes Q, O, and D, in drawers of a cabinet, which may be easily
removed to table, or in pigeonholes; stand the mounts on long edges,
with backs to the front, so that classification and author numbers may
be easily seen in turning them over.
Store size F in drawers, but lying flat. These should be taken out of
the drawer and laid on a table when being handled. The drawers for the
smaller sizes should be box-shaped, with sides cut down somewhat to
allow the prints to be easily turned. Those for the large size should
have no front, but the case containing them should have doors.
Note.--Be very careful in handling photographs never to rub or pull
one over another; always turn them from side to side, like the leaves
of a book.
INDEX.
Accession book, 33, 77;
for photographs, 171;
sample page, 76.
Accession number for photographs, 171;
in accession book, 76-77;
on shelf list, 93;
on catalog cards, 95.
Accessioning photographs, 171-172.
Additions, lists of, 94, 114.
Advertising a library, 10-11, 132, 158, 170.
Advice to a librarian, 126-127.
Age limit for borrowers, 157.
Agents, _see_ Book dealers.
Agreement blanks, 33, 119-121.
Alphabetical arrangement, dictionary catalog, 97, 102;
for photographs, 177-178.
Alphabets, 69;
specimen page, 71.
Amendments to rules of library board, 145.
American catalog of books, 30.
A.L.A. catalog, 30.
American library association, fee, 152;
members, 152-153;
objects, 152.
Amherst summer school library class, 155.
Ancient manuscripts, collections, 170.
Annual literary index, 55.
Annual report, 146.
Antiquities, collections, 170.
Appointment of librarian, 20, 23, 25.
Appointment of library assistants, 18.
Appointment of trustees, 148.
Apprentice classes, 154.
Architecture card, author, 177;
style, 177;
title, 176.
Art entertainments, 129.
Art galleries, 170.
Assistant librarian, duties of, 145.
Associations, _see_ Library associations.
Author card, 95;
for architecture, 176-177;
for painting and sculpture, 172-174.
Author catalog, 95-96.
Author-list, 96, 115.
Author-number explained, 91;
for photographs, 178;
on shelf list, 93.
Author table, _see_ Cutter author table.
Author's name, in accession book, 77;
in catalog, 94;
in shelf list, 93;
on order slip, 64.
Baker, C.A., Reference books for a small library, 46-52.
Ballard's klips, 109.
Beginning work, things needed in, 30-34.
Beginnings of the library, 9-10.
Best books (Sonnenschein), 31.
Bills, checking, 64, 101.
Binders for magazines, 58-59.
Bindery-book, 103.
Bindery number, 103, 105.
Bindery schedule, 105-106.
Binding, 63, 103-106;
materials, 103-104;
cloth, 103-104;
leather, 103, 105;
sewing, 103-104;
backs, 103-104;
joints, 103-104;
lettering, 105-106;
titles and indexes, 106;
advertisements, 106;
periodicals, 105;
folios, 104-105;
newspapers, 104;
fiction, 104;
juveniles, 104;
rules for, 106.
Biography, classification of, 79.
Blanks, agreement, 33, 119-121;
order slip, 63-64;
request, 45, 65.
Board, see Trustees.
Book-buying, _see_ Buying books.
Book committee, 142.
Book cards, 33, 116-117-118-119; _see also_ Book slip.
Book dealers, 63, 66-67-68.
Book-lists, _see_ Lists.
Book news (monthly), 32.
Book-numbers, 91.
Book-plates, 100-101.
Book-pockets, 33, 100-101, 116-117-118-119.
Book-reviews, 32, 101.
Book-slip, 100, 102; _see also_ Book card.
Book supports, 73.
Books, as useful tools, 134;
for girls and women and their clubs (Iles), 32;
needed in beginning work, 30-32;
overdue, 118;
reference, _see_ Reference books;
renewal of, 118;
selection of, _see_ Selection of books.
Bookcases, 26-27;
steel, 28;
wooden, 28.
Borrowers, age limit, 157;
cards for, 33, 116-117, 119-120, 157-158;
index to, 121;
information for, 137;
numbers for, 117-118, 121;
register of, 33, 118, 121;
responsibility of, 120, 138.
Buildings and grounds committee, 142.
Buildings, library; _see_ Library buildings.
Bulletins, 94, 102, 114, 130; _see also_ Lists.
Buying books, 18, 63-68;
ordering, 64, 67;
agents, 63, 66-67-68;
price, 65-66-67-68;
discounts, 63, 65-66-67;
editions, 63, 65-66-67;
binding, type, quality of paper, 63;
complete sets, 66;
series, 66;
second-hand books, 66, 68;
fiction, 66;
for children, 66-67;
new books, 68;
when to buy, 68;
_see also_ Selection of books.
Call-number, defined, 93;
in book, 100, 102;
on book-slip, 100, 102, 116;
on pocket, 100, 102,116;
on label, 99-100, 102;
in accession book, 93, 102;
on shelf-list, 93;
on catalog-cards, 95, 97;
in charging system, 117.
Capitalization, 95.
Card catalog rules, 30, 95-97;
for photographs, 172-177.
Card pocket, _see_ Book pocket.
Care of books, brief rules for, 75;
dusting books, 74;
handling books, 74, 100-101;
covering books, 75;
cutting leaves, 74, 101;
gas, heat, damp, 74.
Carter's ink, 34, 69.
Cases, _see_ Bookcases; Catalog cases.
Catalog, arrangement of, 102;
author, 95-96;
dictionary, 97;
duplicate, 95;
on cards, 94;
printed, 94, 115;
of A.L.A. library, 30;
subject headings for, 96-98;
trays for holding, 98.
Catalog cards, 33, 94-98, 102.
Catalog case, 33, 98.
Catalog rules, 30, 94-98.
Cataloging books, 94-98.
Cataloging photographs, 172-177.
Chairs, 27-28.
Change of residence, 138.
Charging system explained, 117.
Check list of public documents, 111.
Checking bills, 64, 101.
Checking the library, 113.
Children's books, _see_ Juvenile books.
Children's cards, 157.
Children's home libraries, 166-167.
Children's privileges, 157.
Children's rooms, 157, 163.
Circulating department, 122, 137.
Class number, decimal, 81;
expansive, 85;
explained, 79;
for photographs, 178;
in accession book, 77;
on shelf list, 93;
in catalog, 94.
Classification, defined, 78;
decimal, 79, 81-83;
expansive, 79, 84-90;
of photographs, 178;
how to classify, 79-80;
biography, 79;
fiction, 79;
history and travel, 79;
juvenile books, 79;
in the catalog, 78;
on the shelves, 78-79.
Classification scheme, 34.
Classified reading (Lawrence), 32.
Cleveland summer school of library science, 155.
Cloth bindings, 103-104.
Club women, 169.
Club work, 169.
Clubs, 130;
constitutions for, 168;
organization of, 168;
programs, 168;
_see also_ Library clubs, literary clubs, musical clubs.
Cole size card, 33, 95.
Collating books, 74, 101.
Commissions, free library, 149-150, 153.
Community and the library, 10, 12.
Complete sets, 66.
Conversation in the library, 122, 139.
Co-operation of teachers, 157-159, 160-162.
Copyright date on catalog cards, 95.
Covers for books, 75.
Crocker book support, 73.
Cross-reference cards, 98.
Cumulative index, 55.
Cutter's author table, 34, 91;
expansive classification, 79, 84-90;
rules for a dictionary catalog, 31.
Date, copyright, on catalog cards, 95.
Date in charging system, 117, 118, 119;
of publication, in accession book, 77;
on catalog cards, 95;
on order slip, 64.
Daters, 34, 117.
Dating slip, 117.
Dealers, _see_ Book dealers.
Decimal classification, 79, 81-83.
Delivery room, 122.
Dennison's labels, 34.
Denver public library handbook, 31.
Depository libraries, 110-111.
Dewey, or Decimal system of classification, 79, 81-83.
Dial (semi-monthly), 32.
Dictionaries, aid in reference work, 53.
Dictionary catalog, Cutter's rules for, 31;
value of, 114;
defined, 97.
Discarded books, 113.
Discounts, 63, 65-66-67.
Disjoined handwriting, 70-71.
Drexel institute library school, 155.
Duplicate catalog, 95.
Duplicates for school use, 149.
Dusting books, 74.
Duties of a librarian, 126-127, 144;
of trustees, 18.
Editions, 63, 65-66-67.
Education through libraries, 13, 124-125, 133, 156, 160-162, 166, 170;
_see also_ Influence of the library.
Embossing stamps, 99.
Employés, appointment of, 18, 144;
salaries of, 144;
suspension of, 144.
English catalog, 30.
Engravings, 129.
Entertainments, _see_ Library entertainments.
Essentials of good binding (McNamee), 104-106.
Exhibits, 170.
Expansive classification (Cutter), 79, 84-90.
Expenditures, 143.
Expiration of privileges, 121.
Faxon, F.W., Use of periodicals in reference work, 54-56.
Fiction, author-numbers for, 91;
binding for, 104;
cataloging, 96;
cheap editions of, 66;
classification of, 79;
price per volume, 67;
selecting, 41-42.
Figures, 71-72.
Finance committee, 142.
Fine slip, 121.
Fines, 118, 138.
Five thousand books, compiled for the Ladies' home journal, 31.
Fixtures for libraries, 26-27-28.
Fletcher, W.I., Libraries and recreation, 133;
public libraries in America, 31.
Folios, binding for, 104-105.
Folsom, Channing, how the library can assist the school, 160-162.
Forfeiture of privileges, 138-139.
Free library commissions, 149-150.
Function of the library, 12, 15-16, 124-125, 133, 149.
Furniture for libraries, 27-28-29.
Gallery card, for painting and sculpture, 175.
Garfield, J.R., village library successfully managed, 135-136.
Gift book, 101;
plates, 100-101.
Gifts, 132;
acknowledgment of, 45, 77, 101, 145.
Glue, 106.
Guarantor, 120, 157.
Handwriting, brief rules for, 69-72.
Hasse, A.R.. public documents, 110-112.
Henderson, M.R., Librarian as host, 128-130.
Higgins' ink, 34, 69;
photo mounter, 34.
Hints to small libraries (Plummer), 31.
History and travel, classification of, 79.
Home libraries, 166-167.
Hopkins, J.A., The trained librarian in a small library, 23-24.
How the library can assist the school (Folsom), 160-162.
Iles, George, Books for girls and women and their clubs, 32.
Imprint, for photographs, 174, 176;
on catalog cards, 95.
Index, annual literary, 55;
cumulative, 55;
monthly cumulative book, 33;
Poole's, 55;
relative, 81;
to borrowers, 121.
Indexes, their use taught, 159;
to periodicals, 55.
Influence of the library, 12;
_see also_ Education through libraries.
Information for borrowers, 137.
Ink, 34, 69;
for photograph labels, 179;
pads, 34, 99.
Inquiries, how to answer, 53.
Inventory taking, 113.
Joined handwriting, 70-71.
Juvenile books, binding for, 104;
classification of, 79;
periodicals, 58;
price per volume, 67;
selecting, 41, 66.
Kent, H.W., Rules for the care of photographs, 171-180.
Labeling photographs, 178-179.
Labels for backs of books, 99-100, 102;
gummed, 34;
ink for, 34, 69;
ink for photograph, 179;
varnishing, 100, 102.
Law, library, 9.
Lawrence, I., Classified reading, 32.
Leather for bindings, 103, 105.
Lectures, 129, 149, 170.
Legislation, _see_ Library legislation.
Librarian, advice to a, 126-127;
and trustees, 18-19;
annual report of, 145-146;
appointment of, 20, 23, 25;
as a host (Henderson), 128, 130;
duties of a, 144;
monthly report of, 145;
qualifications of, 20-22, 123, 154;
the trained (Hopkins), 23-24.
Libraries, establishment and maintenance of, 147;
function of, 12, 15-16, 124-125, 133, 148;
management of, 15, 19, 148.
Libraries and communities, 10, 12.
Libraries and clubs, 168-169.
Libraries and education, 13, 124-125, 133.
Libraries and politics, 148.
Libraries and the public, 15, 122, 124-125.
Libraries and recreation (Fletcher), 133.
Libraries and schools, 13, 157-159, 160-162.
Library advertising, _see_ Advertising a library.
Library assistants, appointment of, 18.
Library associations, 152-153.
Library beginnings, 9-10.
Library board, _see_ Trustees.
Library buildings and the community, 26.
Library buildings, architecture, 25-26;
convenience, 26;
decoration, 26;
exterior, 25-26;
fixtures, 26-27-28;
furniture, 27-28-29;
interior, 26-27;
partitions, 27;
requirements, 25;
stairs, 27;
windows, 26.
L.B. book support, 73.
L.B. pamphlet case, 108.
L.B. steel stacks, 37.
Library Bureau, relation to libraries (Meleney), 35-38;
catalog of, 29, 31, 35-36;
organization of, 35;
publications of, 36, 38;
cabinet works of, 37;
card factory of, 37;
consultation department, 35, 38;
employment department, 35;
supply department, 36.
Library clubs, 153.
Library entertainments, 128-130, 170.
Library journal (monthly), 32.
Library law, 9;
essentials of a good, 151;
outline of a good, 147;
_see also_ Library legislation.
Library league, 75.
Library literature, 30-33, 36.
Library legislation (Patten), 147;
reference list on, 150;
_see also_ Library law.
Library patrons, 131.
Library policy, 15-16.
Library rooms, 25-26-27.
Library school rules, 30.
Library schools and training classes, aim and scope of, 154.
Library schools and training classes, list of, 155.
Light in libraries, 26.
List of books for girls and women (Iles), 32, 168;
of books needed in beginning work, 30-32;
of periodicals for a small library, 61-62;
of periodicals needed in beginning work, 32-33;
of reference books, 46-52;
of things needed in beginning work, 33-34;
of things to be done to prepare books for shelves, 101-102.
Lists, of additions, 114;
for reference, 114-115, 157, 161;
for schools, 115, 157, 161;
_see also_ Bulletins.
Literary clubs and libraries (Moore), 168-169.
Literature, its use, 134.
Literature, library, see Library literature.
Literature (weekly), 32.
Loan department, 122, 133.
Local history, books on, 44.
Local history pamphlets, 108.
Los Angeles public library training class, 155.
Lost cards, 138.
McNamee, J.H.H., Essentials of good binding, 104-107.
Magazine binder, 58.
Magazine record, in blank book, 60;
on cards, 60.
Management of the library, 15, 19, 148.
Manuscripts, _see_ Ancient manuscripts.
Marking books, 99, 101.
Meeting of board of trustees, 140.
Meleney, G.B., Relation of the Library Bureau to libraries, 35-38.
Men's and Women's clubs, 168.
Mending, _see_ Repair.
Missing books, 113.
Monthly cumulative book index, 33.
Moore, E.L., Literary clubs and libraries, 168-169.
Morocco for bindings, 105.
Mucilage, 106.
Museums, 149, 170.
Musical clubs, 129, 168.
Musical entertainments, 129.
Nation (weekly), 32.
National educational association, 156.
Natural history collections, 170.
New books, 68.
New York state library commission, 150.
New York state library school, 155.
New York Times, 33.
Newspaper lists, 94, 115.
Newspapers, binding for, 104;
files and racks for, 59;
for the reading room, 57.
Non-depository libraries, 110.
Non-residents, 139.
Novel clubs, 168.
Officers of board of trustees, 18.
Open shelves, 15, 25, 122, 124-125, 163.
Order list, 101.
Order sheet, 64, 67.
Order slip, 63-64, 101.
Overdue books, 118, 138.
Overdue notice, 120.
Ownership, marks of, 99, 101.
Pages, cutting, 74, 101;
entry in accession book, 77.
Painting card, author, 173;
gallery, 175;
school, 176;
title, 174.
Pamphlet case, 108-109.
Pamphlets, cataloging, 108-109;
classifying, 108-109;
klips for, 109;
local history, 108.
Paper, best quality for books, 63.
Paste, 34, 106.
Patten, F.C., Library legislation, 147.
Patrons, 131.
Penalties, 149.
Perforating stamp, 99.
Periodicals, binder for, 58-59;
binding for, 105;
circulation of, 59;
cost, 59;
for children, 58;
indexes to, 55;
list for a small library, 61-62;
needed in beginning work, 32-33;
record of, 60;
use in reference work, 54-56.
Photographs, 129;
accessioning, 171-172;
cataloging, 172-177;
classifying, 178;
labeling, 178-179;
storage, 180;
handling, 180.
Placards, _see_ Signs.
Place of publication, in accession book, 77;
on order slip 64.
Planning library buildings (Soule), 25-29.
Plummer, M.W., Hints to small libraries, 31.
Pocket, _see_ Book pocket.
Policy of the library, 15-16.
Politics and libraries, 148.
Poole's index, 55.
Postal notice, 118.
Pratt institute library school, 155.
Preliminary work, 10.
Preparing books for the shelves, 99-102.
President of library board, 141.
Printed catalogs, 94, 115.
Printed rules, 137.
Privileges, expiration of, 121.
Privileges for children, 157;
forfeiture of, 138-139;
teachers, 138, 158.
Process, photograph, 172.
Professional books for teachers, 149.
Public, contact with the, 122;
rules for the, 137-139.
Public documents, 44;
care in a library, 111-112;
check list, 111;
collecting, 44;
congressional, 110-112;
departmental, 110-112;
how issued, 110;
to whom issued, 110-111.
Public libraries (monthly), 32, 38.
Public libraries in America (Fletcher), 31.
Public library handbook, 31.
Publication, date of; _see_ Date of publication.
Publication, place of; _see_ Place of publication.
Publisher's name, in accession book, 77;
on order slip, 64.
Publishers' trade list annual, 31.
Publishers' weekly, 32.
Punctuation, 95.
Purchase of books, _see_ Buying books.
Qualifications of librarian, 20-22, 123, 154.
Qualifications of trustees, 17.
Quorum of library board, 140.
Rare bindings, collections, 170.
Rare books, 44-45.
Readers, 27.
Readers' guide to contemporary literature (Sonnenschein), 32.
Reading habits, 161-162.
Reading lists, _see_ Reference lists.
Reading room, character of, 57;
for children, 157, 163;
newspapers for, 57;
periodicals for, 58-60;
rules for, 139;
value of, 12-13.
Receptions, 170.
Recreation, 133.
Reference books, for a small library (Baker), 46-52;
for schools, 149, 160, 165;
how indicated, 138;
selecting, 39.
Reference catalog of current literature, 31.
Reference department, 139.
Reference list on library legislation, 150.
Reference lists, for schools, 115, 157, 161;
on cards, 54;
special subject, 114.
Reference work, for children, 159, 160, 163, 165;
suggestions, 53;
use of dictionaries, 53;
use of periodicals, 54-56.
Register of borrowers, _see_ Borrowers.
Regulations, _see_ Rules for the public.
Relation of the Library Bureau to libraries (Meleney), 35-38.
Relative index, 81.
Remainder libraries, 110, 111.
Renewal of books, 118, 138.
Repair, 106.
Report, annual, 146;
of librarian, 145;
of trustees, 143.
Request blanks, 45.
Responsibility of borrowers, 120, 138, 157.
Review of reviews, 55.
Rooms, library, 25-26-27.
Rubber stamps, 34, 99.
Rules, accession-book, 30, 77;
card catalog, 30, 95-97;
for an author and title catalog, condensed, 31;
for a dictionary catalog, 31, 97;
for binding, 106;
for care of books, 75;
for government of trustees and employés, 140-145;
for handwriting, 69-72;
for the care of photographs (Kent), 171-180;
for the public, 15, 122, 137-139;
library school, 30;
shelf-list, 30, 92-93;
for planning library buildings (Soule), 25-29.
Sargent's reading for the young, 55.
School card for painting and sculpture, 175-176.
School libraries, 149, 160, 164-165.
Schoolroom libraries, _see_ School libraries.
Schools and libraries, 13, 157-159, 160-162, 164.
Schools, reference books for, 149, 160, 165.
Schools, reference lists for, 115, 157, 161.
Second-hand books, 66, 68.
Secretary of library board, 141.
Selection of books, extra copies, 42, 44;
fiction, 41-42;
for children, 41;
for reference, 39;
history, travel, literature, 41;
local history, 44;
natural science, 43;
price, 40, 41;
proportion in each department, 43;
public documents, 44;
rare books, 44, 45;
request blanks, 45, 65;
suggestions, 39;
with reference to the community, 40, 43, 68;
_see also_ Buying books.
Series, 66.
Shelf-list cards, 34, 93.
Shelf-list rules, 30, 92, 93.
Shelf-list sheets, 34, 92.
Shelves, for folios and quartos, 27;
form, 27;
height, 26;
size, 27.
Signs, 57, 122.
Size card, 33.
Size letter, 95.
Size notation for photographs, 172, 178, 180.
Size of board of trustees, 17.
Societies, _see_ Clubs.
Sonnenschein, W.S., Best books, 31;
readers' guide to contemporaneous literature, 32.
Soule, C.C., Rules for planning library buildings, 25-29;
trustees, 17, 19.
Special libraries, 111.
Specialists, 129.
Stafford's ink, 69.
Stacks, 28, 37.
Stamp, embossing, 99,
perforating, 99,
rubber, 34, 99;
rubber, for labeling photographs, 179.
Stamping books, 99, 101.
State library commissions, 149-150, 153.
State library associations, 153.
Storage of photographs, 180.
Study clubs, 168.
Style card for architecture, 177.
Subject card, illustration, 97.
Subject headings, 32, 96-98.
Subject-list, 96.
Supplementary reading for schools, 149, 160.
Supplies, 29-30-34, 36.
Supports, 73.
Tables, 27.
Tax levy for libraries, 147-148.
Teachers' cards, 158.
Teachers, coöperation of, 157-159-160-162.
Teachers' privileges, 138, 158.
Teachers, professional books for, 149.
Things needed in beginning work, 33-34.
Time limit for retaining books, 138.
Title, in accession book, 77;
in catalog, 95;
on order slip, 64;
on shelf-list, 93.
Title card, illustration, 96;
for architecture, 176;
for painting and sculpture, 174-175.
Title-lists, 96, 115.
Tools, 30-34.
Tools, books as useful, 134.
Trained librarian in a small library (Hopkins), 23-34.
Training classes, 154-155.
Transfer of accounts, 138.
Traveling libraries, 150, 169.
Tray, for book cards, 117;
for catalog cards, 98.
Trustees, appointment of, 148;
committees, 18, 142;
duties, 18;
meeting of board of, 140;
officers, 18, 141;
qualifications, 17;
relations with the librarian, 18-19;
reports, 143;
size of board, 17;
term of office, 17, 148.
Two-book system, 120.
Type, size of, 63.
U.S. documents, _see_ Public documents.
University of Illinois state library school, 155.
Varnish for labels, 100.
Vertical hand, 69.
Village library successfully managed (Garfield), 135-136.
Volume entry in accession book, 76.
Wisconsin summer school of library science, 155.
Women on library board, 136.
Women's clubs, 168-169.
Work-number, _see_ Book-number.
World's library congress papers, 32.
Writing _see_ Handwriting.
Young ladies' clubs, 168.
Young men's clubs, 168.
Young people, reading for; _see_ Juvenile books.