* Represents the liquid sounds of _gn_, _l_, or _ll_.
† Signifies that the _h_ is aspirated.
— Indicates the repetition of the same word. (—) Indicates the plural of
foreign and compound nouns when it is like the singular.
(—s) Indicates the plural of foreign nouns when it is formed by adding
_s_.
When the plural of foreign and compound nouns is formed by changing
the final letter or letters, the whole plural form is given. Thus,
_e.g._, (_Lazaroni_), plural of _Lazarone_; (_—-amiraux_), plural of
_vice-admiral_.
(_—s-—s_), or (_—s-—x_), or (_—x-—x_), or (_—x-—s_) Indicate the plural
of compound nouns when it is formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to each
component.
(_—s-—_) or (_—x-—_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is
formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to the first component only.
(_—-—s_) or (_—-—x_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is
formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to the second component only.
(_n.s._) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the singular.
(_n.p._) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the plural.
- Before final letters, points out the masculine termination, which
is to be changed in the feminine; as, _acti-f_, _-ve_, actif, active;
_act-eur_, _-rice_, acteur, actrice; _honteu-x_, _-se_, honteux, honteuse.
The long sound of the vowels is designated by a horizontal mark over the
vowel, thus: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū.
The short sound of the vowels is designated by a curved mark, thus: ă, ĕ,
ĭ, ŏ, ŭ. This mark seldom occurs but over the unaccented _e_. When there
is no mark over the other vowels, they may be considered as natural; that
is, as neither long nor short.
Words in parentheses serve to complete the sense of those words that
precede or follow them; or they refer to the object with which they are
connected, or indicate the art, trade, profession, etc., to which they
relate. They are given in English and in French.
Those words of which the pronunciation is quite irregular are noticed
in full; but those that are only partly irregular are noticed in their
irregularities only. Therefore, such words as _chiromancie_, _archétype_,
_équateur_, which are irregular in one syllable only, are noticed in that
syllable alone; as _ki-_, _-ké-_, _-koua-_.
As none but French spelling can give a correct idea of French
pronunciation, it is used throughout this dictionary, with the exception
of _ch_, which is rendered by _sh_, so that it may not be mistaken
for _k_; of _ou_, which is expressed by _oo_; and of _oi_, which is
represented by _oa_.
☉ Indicates obsolete French words. When found in the middle of lines, it
indicates that the French word is obsolete in the meaning before which it
is placed.
(ant.) Indicates obsolete English words.
When two or more French nouns of the same gender follow, their gender is
indicated after the last noun only.
The pronunciation of English words is indicated, in the English-French
Division, in the same manner as that of French words in the
French-English Division, and represented in _all_ cases by means of the
French spelling, with the exception of:
1st, _th_ hard, which is expressed by (th);
2nd, _th_ soft, ” ” (_th_);
3rd, _g_, when hard before _e_, _i_, or _y_, by (gh).