[445] Merimée, “The Russian Impostors: the False Demetrius.”
London, 1852.
[446] Neale, “History of the Holy Eastern Church.” Vol. ii.,
p. 356 ff.
Cyrillus Lucaris, “_Confessio Christianæ Fidei_.”
Geneva, 1633.
Smith, “_Collectanea de Cyrillo Lucario_.” London, 1707.
[447] Stevens, “Life and Times of Gustavus Adolphus.”
New York, 1884.
Trench, “Gustavus Adolphus in Germany, and other Lectures
on the Thirty Years’ War.” London.
Gardiner, “The Thirty Years’ War” in “Epochs of Modern
History.” London, 1881.
[448] Bray, “Revolt of the Protestants of the Cevennes.”
London, 1870.
Poole, “History of the Huguenots of the Dispersion.”
London, 1880.
Agnew, “Protestant Exiles from France in the Reign of
Louis XIV.” 3 vols., London, 1871.
Weiss, “History of French Protestant Refugees.”
London, 1854.
[449] Macaulay, “History of England from the Accession of
James II.” London, 1846.
Hassencamp, “History of Ireland from the Reformation to
the Union.” London, 1888.
Adair, “Rise and Progress of the Presbyterian Church of
Ireland from 1623 to 1670.” Belfast, 1866.
Hamilton, “History of Presbyterian Church in Ireland.”
Edin., 1887.
[450] Butler, “Life of Hugo Grotius.” London, 1826.
Motley, “John of Barneveld.” Vol. ii., New York, 1874.
[451] “An Exposition of the Doctrine of the Catholic Church in
Matters of Controversy.” London, 1685.
“Variations of Protestantism.” 2 vols., Dublin, 1836.
Butler, “Some Account of the Life and Writings of Bishop
Bossuet.” London, 1812.
[452] “The Work of John Durie in behalf of Christian Union in
the Seventeenth Century.” By Dr. Briggs in _Presbyterian
Review_, vol. viii., 1887, pp. 297-300. To which is
attached an account by Durie himself, never before
published, of his own union efforts from July, 1631, till
September, 1633. See pp. 301-309.
[453] Clarendon, “History of the Rebellion in England,
1649-1666.” 3 vols., Oxford, 1667.
Burnet, “History of his Own Time, 1660-1713.” 2 vols.,
London, 1724.
Guizot, “History of English Revolution of 1640.”
London, 1856.
Gardiner, “History of England, 1603-1642.” 10 vols.,
London, 1885.
Marsden, “History of Early and Later Puritans, down to
the Ejection of the Nonconformists in 1662.” 2 vols.,
London, 1853.
Masson, “Life of Milton.” 4 vols., London, 1859 ff.
[454] Mitchell, “The Westminster Assembly.” London, 1882.
Mitchell and Struthers, “Minutes of Westminster Assembly.”
Edinburgh, 1874.
Macpherson, “Handbook to Westminster Confession.” 2nd ed.,
Edinburgh, 1882.
Hetherington, “History of Westminster Assembly.” 4th ed.,
Edinburgh, 1878.
[455] Carlyle, “Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches.” 2 vols.,
London, 1845.
Guizot, “Life of Cromwell.” London, 1877.
Paxton Hood, “Oliver Cromwell.” London, 1882.
Picton, “Oliver Cromwell.” London, 1878.
Harrison, “Oliver Cromwell.” London, 1888.
Barclay, “The Inner Life of the Religious Societies of the
Commonwealth.” London, 1877.
[456] Guizot, “Richard Cromwell and the Restoration of
Charles II.” 2 vols., London, 1856.
Macpherson, “History of Great Britain from the
Restoration.” London, 1875.
[457] Bargraves, “Alexander VII. and His Cardinals.” Ed. by
Robertson, London, 1866.
[458] Cunningham, “Discussions on Church Principles.”
Edin., 1863, chap. v.: “The Liberties of the Gallican
Church.” Pp. 133-163.
[459] Von Gebler, “Galileo Galilei and the Roman Curia.” Transl.
by Sturge, London, 1879.
Madden, “Galileo and the Inquisition.” London, 1863.
Brewster, “Martyrs of Science.” Edin., 1841.
Von Gebler denies that any condemnation _ex cathedra_
was given.
[460] Wilson, “Life of Vincent de Paul.” London, 1874.
[461] Marsolier, “Life of Francis de Sales.” Translated by
Coombes, London, 1812.
[462] “Golden Thoughts from the ‘Spiritual Guide’ of Molinos.”
With preface by J. H. Shorthouse, London, 1883.
[463] Upham, “Life, Religious Opinions, and Experience of
Madame de la Mothe Guyon, with an account of Fénelon.”
London, 1854.
Brooke, “Exemplary Life of the Pious Lady Guion.”
Bristol, 1806.
Butler, “Life of Fénelon.” London, 1810.
[464] Beard, “Port Royal.” 2 vols., London, 1861.
St. Amour, “Journal in France and Rome, containing Account
of Five Points of Controversy between Jansenists and
Molinists.” London, 1664.
Schimmelpenninck, “Select Memoirs of Port Royal.” Fourth
edition, 2 vols., London, 1835.
[465] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. ii.,
pp. 98-251.
[466] Bruce, “Humiliation of Christ.” P. 131, Edin., 1876.
[467] Dowding, “German Theology during the Thirty Years’ War:
Life and Correspondence of G. Calixt.” 2 vols.,
Oxford, 1863.
[468] Wildenhahn, “Life of Spener.” Translated by Wenzel,
Philadelphia, 1881.
Guericke, “Life of A. H. Francke.” London, 1847.
[469] Jennings, “The Rosicrucians: their Rites and Mysteries.”
London, 1887.
[470] Martensen, “Life and Works of Jacob Boehme.” London, 1886.
[471] All the translations of hymns referred to in this and the
preceding section are from Miss Winkworth’s “_Lyra
Germanica_.” London, 1885.
[472] The “Works of Arminius.” Transl. by Nicholls, to which
are added Brandt’s “Life of Arminius.” Etc., 3 vols.,
London, 1825.
Scott, “Translation of Articles of Synod of Dort.”
London, 1818.
Hales, “Letters from the Synod of Dort.” Glasgow, 1765.
Calder, “Life of Simon Episcopius.” New York, 1837.
Cunningham, “Reformation and Theology of Reformation.”
Essay VIII., “Calvinism and Arminianism.” Pp. 412-470.
Motley, “John of Barneveldt.” 2 vols., London, 1874.
[473] Barclay, “The Inner Life of the Religious Societies of the
Commonwealth.” Second ed., London, 1877.
Dr. Stoughton’s “History of Religion in England from
Opening of Long Parliament to End of Eighteenth Century.”
London.
[474] See Macpherson, “Presbyterianism.” (Edin., 1883), pp. 8-10,
where charges of intolerance such as those made against
Presbyterianism in the text are repudiated.
[475] Masson, “Life of John Milton.” 4 vols., London, 1859.
Pattison, “Milton.” In “English Men of Letters” series,
London, 1880.
[476] “_Relquiæ Baxterianæ_: Baxter’s Narrative of most Memorable
Passages in his own Life.” London, 1696.
Orme, “Life and Times of Richard Baxter, with Critical
Examination of his Writings.” London, 1830.
Stalker, “Baxter” in “Evangelical Succession Lectures.”
Second series, Edinburgh, 1883.
[477] Froude disputes this, and says, p. 12, that probably he
was on the side of the Royalists. Brown has shown it to
be almost certain that in 1644, not 1642, Bunyan, then
in his sixteenth year, joined the Parliamentary forces.
See Brown’s “Life.” Pp. 42-52.
[478] Brown, “Life of Bunyan.” London, 1885.
Autobiography in “Grace Abounding.” 1622.
Southey, “Life of John Bunyan.” London, 1830.
Macaulay, “Essay on Bunyan.” In _Edinburgh Review_, 1830.
Froude, “Bunyan,” in “English Men of Letters.” London, 1880.
Nicoll, “Bunyan,” in “Evangelical Succession Lectures.”
Third series, Edinburgh, 1883.
[479] “Life of John Eliot, Apostle of the Indians.” By John
Wilson, afterwards of Bombay, Edin., 1828.
[480] Crosby, “History of the English Baptists.” 4 vols.,
London, 1728.
Ivimey, “History of the English Baptists from 1688-1760.”
2 vols., London, 1830.
Cramp, “History of the Baptists to end of 18th Century.”
3 vols., London, 1872.
[481] Backus, “History of the English-American Baptists.”
2 vols., Boston, 1777.
Cox and Hoby, “The Baptists in America.” New York, 1836.
Hague, “The Baptists Transplanted.” Etc., New York, 1846.
[482] Of special importance for the early history of the
Quakers are,
“Letters of Early Friends.” Edited by Robert Barclay,
a descendant of the Quaker apostle, London, 1841.
“Fox’s Journal; or, Historical Accounts of his Life,
Travels, and Sufferings.” London, 1694.
Penn, “Summary of History, Doctrines, and Discipline of
Friends.” London, 1692.
Tallack, “George Fox; the Quakers and the Early Baptists.”
London, 1868.
Bickley, “George Fox and the Early Quakers.” London, 1884.
Stoughton, “W. Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania.” London, 1883.
[483] Sewel, “History of the Quakers.” 2 vols., London, 1834.
Cunningham, “The Quakers, from their Origin in 1624 to the
Present Time.” London, 1868.
Barclay, “Apology for the True Christian Divinity: a
Vindication of Quakerism.” 4th ed., London, 1701.
Clarkson, “A Portraiture of Quakerism.” 3 vols.,
London, 1806.
Rowntree, “Quakerism, Past and Present.” London, 1839.
[484] Heard, “The Russian Church and Russian Dissent.”
London, 1887.
Mackenzie Wallace, “Russia.” Chaps. xiv., xx., 2 vols.,
London, 1877.
Palmer, “The Patriarch and the Tsar.” 6 vols., London,
1871-1876.
[485] Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” Vol. ii., pp. 31-135.
Pünjer, “History of the Christian Philosophy of Religion
from the Reformation to Kant.” Edin., 1887.
Pfleiderer, “Philosophy of Religion.” Vol. i., London, 1887.
Erdmann’s “History of Philosophy.” 3 vols., London, 1889.
[486] “Bacon’s Works.” Ed. by Spedding, Ellis, and Heath,
14 vols., London, 1870.
Spedding, “Letters and Life of Lord Bacon.” 2 vols.,
London, 1862.
Macaulay on Bacon in _Edinburgh Review_ for 1837.
Church, “Bacon,” in vol. v. of “Collected Works.”
London, 1888.
Nichol, “Bacon: Life and Philosophy.” 2 vols., Edin., 1888.
[487] “Descartes’ Method, Meditations, and Principles of
Philosophy.” Transl. by Prof. Veitch, Edin., 1850 ff.
Fischer, “Descartes and his School.” London, 1887.
[488] Willis, “Spinoza: his Ethics, Life, and Influence on Modern
Thought.” London, 1870.
Pollock, “Spinoza: his Life and Philosophy.” London, 1880.
Martineau, “Spinoza.” London, 1882.
“Spinoza, Four Essays by Land, Von Floten, Fischer, and
Renan.” Edited by Prof. Knight, London, 1884.
[489] “Locke’s Complete Works.” 9 vols., London, 1853.
Cousin, “Elements of Psychology: a Critical Examination of
Locke’s Essay.” Edin., 1856.
Webb, “Intellectualism of Locke.” London, 1858.
[490] Guhrauer, “Leibnitz: a Biography.” Transl. by Mackie,
Boston, 1845.
[491] Leland, “View of Principal Deistical Writers in England.”
2nd ed., 2 vols., London, 1755.
Halyburton, “Natural Religion Insufficient; or, A Rational
Inquiry into the Principles of the Modern Deists.”
Edin., 1714.
Tulloch, “Rational Theology and Christian Philosophy in
England in the 17th Century.” 2 vols., Edin., 1872.
Cairns, “Unbelief in the 18th Century.” Chap. ii.,
“Unbelief in the 17th Century.” Edin., 1881.
[492] Lecky, “History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of
Rationalism in Europe.” 2 vols., London, 1873.
Hagenbach, “German Rationalism.” Edin., 1865.
Hagenbach, “History of Church in 18th and 19th Centuries.”
2 vols., London, 1870.
Leslie Stephen, “History of English Thought in the
18th Century.” 2 vols., London, 1876.
Cairns, “Unbelief in the 18th Century.” Edin., 1881.
[493] Wilson, “The Christian Brothers, their Origin and Work.
With a Sketch of the Life of their Founder, the Venerable
Jean Baptiste de la Salle.” London, 1883.
[494] Neale, “History of the so called Jansenist Church of
Holland.” Oxford, 1858.
[495] Cairns, “Unbelief in the Eighteenth Century.” Chap. iv.,
“Unbelief in France.” Edinburgh, 1881.
Morley, “Diderot and the Encyclopedists.” 2 vols.,
London, 1878.
Morley, “Voltaire.” London, 1872.
Lange, “History of Materialism.” 3 vols., London, 1877.
[496] This saying is usually attributed to Voltaire. He used the
expression in attacking Pierre Bayle.
Erdmann’s “Hist. of Phil.” Vol. ii., p. 158.
Ueberweg, “Hist. of Phil.” Vol. ii., p. 125.
[497] Pressensé, “The Church and the Revolution.” London, 1869.
Jervis, “The Gallican Church and the Revolution.”
London, 1882.
[498] Hagenbach, “History of Church in the 18th and
19th Centuries.” Vol. i., pp. 109, 116; 2 vols.,
New York, 1869.
Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. ii., p. 208.
[499] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. ii.,
pp. 208-227.
[500] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. ii.,
pp. 266-279.
Hagenbach, “History of Church in 18th and 19th Centuries.”
Vol. i., pp. 117-127.
[501] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. ii.,
pp. 259-261.
Geffcken, “Church and State.” 2 vols., Lon., 1887; vol. i.,
pp. 456-503.
[502] Burney, “Life of Handel.” London, 1784.
[503] Kelly, “Life and Work of Von Bogatsky: a Chapter from the
Religious Life of the Eighteenth Century.” London, 1889.
[504] Hough, “The History of Christianity in India.” 5 vols.,
London, 1839.
Sherring, “History of Missions in India.” Edited by Storrow.
London, 1888.
Pearson, “Memoirs, Life, and Correspondence of Chr. Fr.
Schwartz.” Etc., 2 vols., London, 1834.
[505] Hagenbach, “History of the Christian Church in the 18th
and 19th Centuries.” New York, 1869; Lectures XVIII.
and XIX., pp. 398-445.
[506] Spangenberg, “Life of Count Zinzendorf.” London, 1838.
[507] Spangenberg, “Account of Manner in which the _Unitas
Fratrum_ Propagate the Gospel, and Carry on their
Missions among the Heathen.” London, 1788.
Holmes, “Historical Sketch of the Missions of the United
Brethren for the Propagation of the Gospel among the
Heathen from their Commencement down to 1817.”
London, 1827.
[508] “Tersteegen: Life and Character, with Extracts from His
Letters and Writings.” London, 1832.
Winkworth, “Christian Singers of Germany.” London, 1869.
[509] For a slightly different account see Tyerman, vol. i.,
p. 66.
[510] Wesley himself continued to preach in the open air till
nearly the end of the year 1790.
[511] Further details as to the organization of the societies
are given in Tyerman, 1st ed., vol. i., pp. 444, 445.
[512] Southey, “Life of John Wesley.” London, 1820.
Isaac Taylor, “Wesley and Wesleyanism.” London, 1851.
Tyerman, “Wesley’s Life and Times.” 2 vols., 4th ed.,
London, 1877.
Urlin, “Churchman’s Life of Wesley.” London, 1880.
Abbey and Overton, “English Church in 18th Century.”
2 vols., London, 1879.
Lecky, “History of England in the 18th Century.” 2 vols.,
London, 1878.
Stoughton, “History of Religion in England to End of
18th Century.” 6 vols., London, 1882.
Jackson, “Life of Charles Wesley.” 2 vols., London, 1841.
Tyerman, “Life of Whitefield.” 2 vols., London, 1877.
Macdonald, “Fletcher of Madeley.” London.
Smith, “History of Methodism.” 3 vols., London, 1857.
Stevens, “History of Methodism.” 3 vols., New York, 1858.
Stevens, “History of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the
United States.” 4 vols., New York, 1864.
Bangs, “History of the Methodist Episcopal Church.” 4 vols.,
New York, 1839.
[513] Hagenbach, “History of Church in 18th and 19th Centuries.”
Vol. i., pp. 159-164.
[514] Hagenbach, “History of the Church in the 18th and
19th Centuries.” Vol. i., pp. 168-175.
[515] Tafel, “Documents concerning the Life and Character of
Swedenborg.” 3 vols., London, 1875.
White, “Emanuel Swedenborg, his Life and Writings.”
2 vols., London, 1867.
[516] Evans, “Shakers: Compendium of Origin, History, Principles,
and Doctrines of the United Society of Believers in
Christ’s Second Coming.” New York, 1859.
Dixon, “New America.” 2 vols., 8th ed., London, 1869.
Nordhoff, “The Communistic Societies of the United States.”
London, 1874.
[517] Pusey, “Historical Inquiry into the Causes of the Prevalence
of Rationalism in Germany.” London, 1828.
Rose, “The State of Protestantism in Germany.” Oxford, 1829.
Saintes, “A Critical History of Rationalism in Germany, from
its Origin till the Present Time.” London, 1849.
Lecky, “History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of
Rationalism in Europe.” 2 vols., London, 1873.
Farrar, “Critical History of Free Thought in Reference to
the Christian Religion.” London, 1863.
Hagenbach, “German Rationalism.” Edinburgh, 1865.
Hurst, “History of Rationalism.” New York, 1865.
Gostwick, “German Culture and Christianity, their
Controversy, 1770-1880.” New York, 1882.
[518] Stephen, “History of English Thought in the 18th Century.”
2 vols., London, 1876.
Cairns, “Unbelief in the 18th Century.” Edinburgh, 1881.
Pünjer, “History of Christian Philosophy of Religion from
Reformation to Kant.” § 5, “The English Deists.”
Edinburgh, 1887.
[519] Halliwell, “The Early History of English Freemasonry.”
London, 1840.
[520] Ritschl, “History of Christian Doctr. of Justification and
Reconciliation.” Pp. 347-426.
Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. ii.,
pp. 277-292.
Hagenbach, “History of The Church in The 18th and
19th Centuries.” Vol. i., pp. 251-321.
[521] Chalybæus, “Historical Development of Speculative
Philosophy, from Kant to Hegel.” Edin., 1854.
Räbiger, “Theological Encyclopædia.” Vol. i., pp. 73-76.
[522] Stahr, “Lessing: his Life and Works.” Translated by
G. Evans, 2 vols., Boston, 1866.
Sime, “Lessing, his Life and Writings.” 2 vols.,
London, 1877.
Zimmern, “G. E. Lessing: his Life and Works.” London, 1878.
Smith, “Lessing as a Theologian.” In the _Theological
Review_, July, 1868.
[523] Russell, “A Short Account of the Life and History of
Pestalozzi.” Based on De Guemp’s “_L’Histoire de
Pestalozzi_.” London, 1888. To be followed by a complete
English translation of De Guemp’s work.
[524] Marshman, “Life and Times of Marshman, Carey, and Ward.”
2 vols., London, 1859.
Smith, “Life of William Carey.” London, 1886.
Wilson, “Missionary Voyage of the Ship _Duff_.”
London, 1799.
Morison, “Fathers and Founders of the London Missionary
Society.” London, 1844.
[525] Baur, “Religious Life in Germany.” London, 1872,
pp. 177-196.
[526] Kahnis, “Internal History of German Protestantism since
the Middle of Last Century.” Edin., 1856.
[527] Hagenbach, “History of Church in Eighteenth and Nineteenth
Centuries.” Vol. ii., pp. 413-416.
[528] Mombert, “Faith Victorious, being an Account of the Life,
Labour, and Times of Dr. J. W. Ebel, 1714-1861, compiled
from authentic sources.” London, 1882.
Dixon, “Spiritual Wives.” London, 1868.
[529] Strack, “The Work of Bible Revision in Germany.” In
_Expositor_, third series, vol. ii., pp. 178-187.
[530] See papers by Driver, Cheyne, Davidson, Kirkpatrick, in
_Expositor_ for 1886-1888, on various books in Revised
Old Testament.
Westcott, “Some Lessons of Revised Version of New
Testament.” In _Expositor_, third series, vol. v.,
pp. 81, 241, 453.
Jennings and Lowe, “Revised Version of Old Testament:
a Critical Estimate.” In _Expositor_, third Series,
vol. ii., pp. 57, etc.
[531] “Schleiermacher’s Life in Letters.” Translated by Rowan,
London, 1860.
Baur, “Religious Life in Germany.” London, 1872, pp. 197 ff.
Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. ii.,
pp. 374-395.
[532] Cheyne, “Life and Works of Heinrich Ewald.” In _Expositor_,
third series, vol. iv., pp. 241 ff., 361 ff.
[533] There are English translations of his “Life of Christ.”
“First Planting of Christianity.” “Antignostikus.”
“History of Christian Dogmas.” “Christian Life in the
Early and Middle Ages.” All published by Bohn.
[534] Zeller, “David Frederick Strauss, in his Life and
Writings.” London, 1874. Translations: “Life of Jesus
Critically Treated.” 1846; “Life of Jesus for the German
People.” 1865; “The Old Faith and the New.” 1874; “Ulrich
von Hutten.” 1874.
[535] Simon, “Isaac August Dorner.” In _Presbyterian Review_ for
October, 1887, pp. 569-616.
[536] Rothe, “Still Hours.” Translated by Miss Stoddart, with
Introductory Essay on Rothe by Rev. J. Macpherson.
London, 1886.
[537] Galloway, “The Theology of Ritschl.” In _Presbyterian
Review_ for April, 1889, pp. 192-209.
[538] Series of papers in _Good Words_ for 1860, pp. 377 ff.
[539] Fleming Stevenson, “The Blue Flag of Kaiserswerth.” In
_Good Words_ for 1861, pp. 121 ff., 143 ff.
[540] Owen, “History of the First Ten Years of the Bible
Society.” 3 vols., London, 1816.
[541] Wiseman, “Recollections of the Last Four Popes.” 3 vols.,
London, 1853.
Mendham, “Index of Prohibited Books by order of
Gregory XVI.” London, 1840.
[542] Legge, “Pius IX. to the Restoration of 1850.” 2 vols.,
London, 1872.
Trollope, “Life of Pius IX.” 2 vols., London, 1877.
Shea, “Life and Pontificate of Pius IX.” New York, 1877.
[543] Geffcken, “Church and State.” Vol. ii., pp. 269-293: “The
Italian Question and the Papal States.”
[544] Geffcken, “Church and State.” Vol. ii., pp. 236-238.
[545] Bridges, “Life of Martin Boos.” London, 1836.
[546] Hamberger, “Sketch of the Character of the Theosophy
of Baader.” Translated in _American Presbyterian and
Theological Review_, 1869.
[547] Laing, “Notes on the Rise, Progress, etc., of the German
Catholic Church of Ronge and Czerski.” London, 1845.
[548] Manning, “The True History of the Vatican Council.”
London, 1877.
Pomponio Leto, “The Vatican Council, being the impressions
of a contemporary (Card. Vitelleschi), translated from
the Italian with the original documents.” London, 1876.
Quirinus, “Letters from Rome on the Council.” London, 1870.
Janus, “The Pope and the Council.” London, 1869.
Bungener, “Rome and the Council in the Nineteenth Century.”
Edinburgh, 1870.
Arthur, “The Pope, the Kings, and the People, a History
of the Movement to make the Pope Governor of the World,
1864-1871.” 2 vols., London, 1877.
Acton, “History of the Vatican Council.” London, 1871.
Friedrich, “_Documenta ad illum. Conc. Vat._” Nördling, 1871.
Martin (Bishop of Paderborn), “_Omnium Conc. Vat. quæ ad
doctr. et discipl. pertin. docum. Collectio_.” 1873.
[549] Geffcken, “Church and State.” Vol. ii., pp. 501-531.
Smith, “The Falk Legislation from the Political Point of
View.” In the _Theological Review_ for October, 1875.
[550] Geffcken, “Church and State.” 2 vols., London, 1877;
vol. ii., pp. 488-531.
[551] The Austrian May Laws were in some respects more sweeping
than the Prussian (§ 197, 5); but the former were framed
with reference to the police, the latter with reference to
the law. In Prussia the decision, judgment, and sentence in
all cases of contravention and collision were assigned to
the court of law; in Austria they were assigned to the court
of administration, in the last instance to the minister. The
Austrian laws could thus be urged and ignored at pleasure.
[552] Geffeken, “Church and State.” Vol. ii., pp. 469-488.
[553] R. J. Sandeman, “Alexander Vinet.” In “Evangelical
Succession Lectures.” Third Series, Edinburgh, 1884.
Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” ii., 470, 478.
[554] Cairns, “The Present Struggle in the National Church of
Holland.” In _Presbyterian Review_ for January, 1888,
pp. 87-108.
Wicksteed, “The Ecclesiastical Institutions of Holland.”
London.
[555] Lumsden, “Sweden, its Religious State and Prospects.”
London, 1855.
[556] Stoughton, “Religion in England during the First Half of
the Present Century, with a Postscript on Subsequent
Events.” 2 vols., London, 1876.
Molesworth, “History of England from 1830 to 1874.”
3 vols., London.
[557] Littledale, “Church Parties.” Art. in the _Contemporary
Review_ for July, 1874, pp. 287-320.
Mozley, “Reminiscences of Oriel College.” London, 1882.
[558] Newman, “_Apologia pro Vita Sua_.” London, 1864.
Weaver, “Puseyism, a Refutation and Exposure.” London, 1843.
[559] The very confused, wholly inadequate, and in some points
positively incorrect statements in the above paragraph
may be supplemented and amended by reference to the
following literature:
Buchanan, “Ten Years’ Conflict.” 2 vols., Edin., 1852.
Moncrieff, “Vindication of the Claim of Right.” Edin., 1877.
Moncrieff, “The Free Church Principle: its Character and
History.” Edin., 1883.
Mackerrow, “History of the Secession Church.” Glasgow, 1841.
[560] Smith’s appointment was to the Lord Almoner’s Professorship,
with a merely nominal salary; but he was afterwards elected
to the more remunerative office of University librarian, and
more recently has succeeded Prof. Wright in the Chair of
Arabic in the University.
[561] Jarvis, “The Gallican Church and the Revolution.”
Pp. 324-395, London, 1882.
[562] Borrow, “The Bible in Spain.” 2 vols., London, 1843.
[563] Lendrum, “_Ecclesia Pressa_: or, the Lutheran Church in the
Baltic Provinces.” In _The Theological Review and Free
Church College Quarterly_, vol. ii., 310-330.
C. H. H. Wright, “The Persecution of the Lutheran Church
in the Baltic Provinces of Russia.” In the _British and
Foreign Evangelical Review_, January, 1887.
[564] Baird, “Religion in the United States.” Glasgow, 1844.
“Progress and Prospects of Christianity in the United
States.” London, 1851.
Gorrie, “Churches and Sects in the United States.”
New York, 1850.
[565] Stevens, “History of the Episcopal Methodist Church in
North America.” Philadelphia, 1868.
Gorrie, “History of the Episcopal Methodist Church in the
United States.” New York, 1881.
[566] A full account of the recent development of Protestantism
in Brazil is given in an article in the _Presbyterian
Review_ for January, 1889, pp. 101-106: “The Organization
of the Synod of Brazil,” by Dr. J. Aspinwall Hodge.--On
15th November, 1889, the emperor was expelled and a
republic proclaimed.
[567] Hepworth Dixon, “Free Russia.” 2 vols., London, 1870.
Heard, “The Russian Church and Russian Dissent.” 2 vols.,
London, 1887.
[568] Rowntree, “Quakerism Past and Present.” London, 1859.
[569] Dixon, “New America.” 2 vols., 8th edition, London, 1869.
Nordhoff, “The Communistic Societies of the United States.”
London, 1874.
[570] Oliphant, “Life of Ed. Irving.” 3rd edition, London, 1865.
Carlyle, in “Miscellaneous Essays.”
Brown, “Personal Reminiscences of Ed. Irving.” in
_Expositor_, 3 ser., vol. vi., pp. 216, 257.
Miller, “History and Doctrine of Irvingism.” 2 vols.,
London, 1878.
[571] Darby, “Personal Recollections.” London, 1881.
[572] Stenhouse, “An Englishwoman in Utah, the story of a Life’s
Experience in Mormonism.” 2nd ed., London, 1880.
Gunnison, “The Mormons.” New York, 1884.
Burton, “The City of the Saints.” London, 1861.
[573] Wilson, “The ‘Ever-Victorious Army:’ a History of the
Chinese Campaign under Lieut.-Col. C. G. Gordon, and of
the Suppression of the Taeping Rebellion.” Edinburgh.
[574] Edmonds, “American Spiritualism.” 2 vols., New York, 1858.
Cox, “Spiritualism answered by Science.” London, 1872.
Crookes, “Spiritualism and Science.” London, 1874.
Wallace, “A Defence of Spiritualism.” London, 1874.
Owen, “The Debatable Land.” New York, 1872.
Carpenter, “Mesmerism, Spiritualism, etc., Historically and
Scientifically Considered.” London, 1877.
Mahan, “The Phenomena of Spiritualism Scientifically
Explained and Exposed.” London, 1875.
Horne, “Incidents in His Life.” London, 1863.
“Lights and Shadows of Spiritualism.” London, 1877.
[575] Sinnett, “Esoteric Buddhism.” London, 1883.
[576] Sargent, “Rob. Owen and his Social Philosophy.”
London, 1860.
Nordhoff, “Communistic Societies in the United States.”
London, 1875.
[577] Onslow-Yorke, “The Secret History of the International
Working-Men’s Association.” London, 1872.
Lissagaray, “History of the Commune of 1871.” Translated
by Aveling, London, 1886.
[578] From the fifteenth century the numbering of the General
Councils is so variable and uncertain that even Catholic
historians are not agreed upon this point. They are at
one only about this, that the anti-papal councils claiming
to be œcumenical, of Pisa A.D. 1409, Basel A.D. 1438,
and Pisa A.D. 1511, should be designated schismatical
“_Conciliabula_.” Hefele, in his “History of the Councils,”
counts eighteen down to the Reformation. He makes the
Constance Council in its first and last sessions the
sixteenth, but does not count the middle session held
without the pope. He makes that of Basel the seventeenth
down to A.D. 1438 with its papal continuation at Ferrara
and Florence. Finally, as eighteenth he gives the fifth
Lateran Council of A.D. 1512-1517. But others strike
Basel and Constance out of the list altogether; and many,
especially the Gallicans, reject also the fifth Lateran
Council, because occupied with matters of slight or merely
local interest.