UNFORTUNATE RESULT OF THE PRINCIPLES EARLY INSTILLED INTO CHARLES I.
BY HIS FATHER--THE AFFAIR OF THE PALATINATE--ITS CONNECTION WITH
THE SPANISH MARRIAGE--MAD DESIRE OF CHARLES AND BUCKINGHAM FOR A
WAR WITH SPAIN--LETTER FROM THE EARL OF BRISTOL--THE
FIRST UNFORTUNATE EXPEDITION TO CADIZ--RESENTMENT OF THE
PEOPLE--CHARLES ASSEMBLES A PARLIAMENT--THE SUPPLIES
REFUSED--IMPEACHMENT OF BRISTOL--IMPEACHMENT OF BUCKINGHAM--HIS
THIRTEEN ANSWERS--RASH CONDUCT OF THE KING--HIS EXPRESSION OF
CONTEMPT FOR THE HOUSE OF COMMONS--SIR JOHN ELIOT AND SIR DUDLEY
DIGGES SENT TO THE TOWER--THE INTOLERANT SPIRIT OF THE
DAY--INFLUENCE OF LAUD--SERMON OF THE VICAR OF BRACKLEY--"TUNING
THE PULPITS."
=CHAPTER VII.=
The next mission entrusted to Buckingham was one which, accompanied
by the Earl of Holland, he undertook to the States-General, who had
bound themselves to restore by force of arms the Palatinate to the
King’s only sister, Elizabeth of Bohemia, “whose dowry,” Sir Henry
Wotton observes, “had been ravished by the German eagle mixed with
Spanish feathers.” “A princess,” he adds, “resplendent in darkness,
and whose virtues were born within the chance, but without the
power, of fortune.”
This mission occupied a month. The Duke and Lord Holland embarked at
Harwich, and after a dangerous passage, in the course of which three
ships were foundered, they arrived on the fifth day at Harwich. It
was during the absence of Buckingham that the unfortunate expedition
to Cadiz failed, and the public expressions of disappointment at
that misfortune were the first news to greet him on his return.
It was at this period that the seeds of many of the erroneous and
unjustifiable principles of action which were originally implanted
in the mind of Charles I. by his father, and which had been fostered
by Buckingham, were seen to produce their first effects; and that
the long course of mistakes and oppressions which preceded the great
Rebellion was commenced.
In order to comprehend the manner in which the complicated questions
of foreign policy in those days affected the line of conduct adopted
by England, it will be necessary to refer briefly to the question
which was the grand theme of the day--the loss of the Palatinate.
The misfortunes of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, her rare qualities,
and her romantic story, are well known by every one conversant with
English history. The affairs connected with the Palatinate afford
the first instance in which Great Britain was involved in the
politics of Germany, and with the various religious parties into
which that country was divided.
In 1612, a league had been cemented between this country and the
German Protestants, by the marriage of Elizabeth Stuart with
Frederic, the Elector Palatine. Bohemia, persecuted by the Emperor
Mathias of Austria, had invited the Elector Palatine to accept the
crown, which was elective, under a conviction that Frederic, being
supported by an alliance with England, would support them in their
struggles with the intolerant Catholic Council who governed the
kingdom of Bohemia.
A fearful conflict ensued. The German States, entrusting the
management of their affairs to thirty directors, composed wholly of
Protestant Princes, were opposed by the Catholic League, formed with
a view of upholding the Jesuits in opposition to the Hussites, or
Protestants, or, as they were sometimes styled, the Evangelical
party, by whose preponderance the Elector Palatine had been called
to the throne.
Relying upon the cordial sympathy of the English nation, an
expectation in which he was not disappointed, the Prince Palatine,
believing himself equally sure of the co-operation of King James,
accepted the tempting offer of royalty without waiting for the
approval of his father-in-law. But he looked to him for support in
vain. It was one of King James’s most cherished notions, that
monarchs should support monarchs in case of disturbance, how just
soever the cause, how unanimous soever the voice of the people by
whom a sovereign was deposed. His natural timidity, also, operated
in inducing a line of conduct towards his son-in-law and his
daughter as pusillanimous as was every other trait of his character
and action of his life--and, above all, his project of accomplishing
a union between his son Charles and a daughter of Spain militated
against a real and effective interference in the affairs of the
Palatinate, except, indeed, to confuse and ruin them. He was
contented, therefore, with sending ambassadors to Germany, not only
to mediate between contending parties, but to induce the new King of
Bohemia to relinquish a throne which James pretended to assert that
his son-in-law had no right to retain.[289]
Footnote 289:
Brodie’s Constitutional History of the British Empire, vol. ii. p.
8.
The King of Poland, the Elector of Saxony, and the Duke of Bavaria,
who was at the head of the Catholic League, sided with Ferdinand,
Emperor after the death of Mathias, and the result was the reduction
of Bohemia, the loss of the Palatinate, and the flight of the
Elector Palatine, or, as he was called, the King of Bohemia, to
Holland. The King of Spain, also, sent an army under Spinola into
the field, and it was that circumstance which rendered the scheme of
marrying Prince Charles to the Infanta so unpopular in England, and
which brought so much odium on Buckingham.
The treaty for that match had been originally carried on through the
agency of the Earl of Bristol, and hence the jealousy which had
already broken out on various occasions between the Duke of
Buckingham and that able and experienced ambassador; whilst the
failure of the negotiations, which were undertaken with the pretext
of gaining the restoration of the Palatinate, was the origin of the
rash war with Spain, which Charles, without the usual form of a
proclamation, resolved on commencing.
The English, however, delighted as they had been at the rupture of
the treaty, were indignant at this informality, as well as averse to
a war which seemed to be the result of private passions rather than
the well-considered act of a monarch anxious for the dignity of his
subjects.
But a worthy representative of James’s style of policy remained in
his unhappy son. Supplies for the war with Spain were refused in the
first Parliament that Charles called; a compulsory loan was exacted.
Whilst the country was burning with resentment at this unequally
imposed burden, a fleet of eighty sail, English, and twenty sail
supplied from Holland, carrying ten thousand men, was sent to the
coast of Spain. This grand armament, raised by the energy of the
Lord High Admiral, was an object of pride to the nation, who had
never before beheld so glorious a fleet; yet it was entrusted, not
to Sir Robert Mansel, a distinguished commander, but to Cecil,
Viscount Wimbleton, a favourite of Buckingham’s, and a man neither
of talent nor experience. Thus, the fatal vice which has obtained
the popular name of jobbery was exhibited at this most critical
period.
A signal failure was the result; the fleet reached Cape St. Vincent,
and landed the troops; a fort was taken, but there was neither
discipline nor decision to restrain the troops, who rushed into a
store of wine, and soon abandoned themselves to the most disgraceful
excesses. Sickness was the consequence, and the expedition returned
ingloriously to England, with the additional discredit of its being
known that a stay of two days longer would have sufficed to take all
the shipping collected into the bay of Cadiz, and thus to have
struck a grand blow, at the very commencement of the war, against
the power of Spain.
The blame of this unfortunate attempt rested chiefly on the head of
Buckingham, as the undertaking was known to have originated in his
advice. Lord Clarendon well observes, in his life of himself,
speaking of the Stuart family, that it was their “unhappy fate and
constitution” to trust to the “judgments of those who were as much
inferior to themselves in understanding as they were in quality,
before their own, which was very good, and suffered even their
natures, which disposed them to virtue and justice, to be prevailed
upon, and altered and corrupted by those who knew how to make use of
some one infirmity that they discovered in them, and by complying
with that, and cherishing and serving it, they, by degrees, wrought
upon the mass, and sacrificed all the other good inclinations to
that single vice.”
Parliament was accordingly summoned, and at Candlemas, in 1625, the
coronation was celebrated. This ceremonial, which might have
assisted in re-establishing good feeling, proved, unhappily, the
source of bitter dissension and cavilling. The coronations of Edward
VI. and of Queen Elizabeth had been performed according to the rites
of the Romish Church. That of James I. was done in haste; and
“wanted,” says the biographer of Laud, “many things which might have
been considered in a time of leisure.”[290] Amongst the alterations
suggested by the prelates who were appointed as commissioners to
settle the form, it was decreed that anointing was to be performed
in the form of a cross, a point established, which was at that time
as fertile a source of invective as the use of that most holy and
touching symbol in our churches has since been in these days, even
amongst well-intentioned and pious Christians.
Footnote 290:
Heylyn’s Life of Laud, p. 145.
Even the ritual of the coronation, therefore, performed as it was,
almost for the first time, according to the mode which it has since
retained, contributed indirectly to the unpopularity of Buckingham.
To Laud, that prelate to whose memory so much injustice has been
done, in imputing to him designs and motives of which no proof
exists, and yet whose errors bring pain to every thinking mind, was
allotted the performance of the great ceremonial.
Formerly it had been the office of the Abbot of Westminster to
celebrate the rite; then, for a century, the Dean had held the
guardianship of the regalia used by Edward the Confessor, and had
kept them in a secret part of Westminster Abbey. These valuables
were now disinterred from their hiding-place by Laud, who, finding
also the old crucifix, set it up on the altar, as in former times.
Everything relating to this coronation wore an ominous appearance;
in the first place, it was fixed for the day of the Purification of
the Virgin Mary, and the King, whether from compliment to the faith
of his wife, or from taste, or, from the supposed influence of Laud,
it does not transpire, was dressed in white, instead of purple, used
always by his predecessors. “Not,” says Heylyn, with quaint
simplicity, “for want of purple velvet enough to make him a suit
(for he had many yards of it in his outer garment), but from choice,
to declare that virgin purity with which he came to be espoused unto
his kingdom.” His laying aside the purple was, however, looked upon
as an “ill omen.”[291]
Footnote 291:
Heylyn’s Life of Laud, p. 145.
Nor was this the only presage of coming mishaps. Charles was
afterwards accused, during the Long Parliament, of having altered
the coronation oath; the very sermon, also, preached by the eloquent
Penhouse, Bishop of Carlisle, formerly his tutor, seemed to invite
fate to do her worst; he chose a text, according to Heylyn, more
proper for a funeral than a coronation--"I will give to thee a crown
of life"--and engrafted on it a discourse which those who heard it
judged might, with great propriety, have been uttered when his
Majesty was dead, but not just at the moment when he was about to
undertake the government of his people.
The ceremonial being concluded, the King walked in his robes from
Westminster Abbey to the Hall, and delivered to Laud, who
represented the Dean of Westminster, the crown, sceptre, and the
sword called _cortena_. Laud, after receiving the regalia, returned
to the Abbey, and, placing them on the altar, offered them up in his
Majesty’s name; after which they were again locked up, never to see
the light until after the stirring season of the Rebellion, and the
more placid years of the Commonwealth. They were again displayed at
the Restoration.[292]
Footnote 292:
Heylyn.
All these forms were regarded as next to impious by the Puritan
party; and, since there was now a cordial alliance between Laud and
Buckingham, the popular hatred was divided between them both. Two
years had now passed since Buckingham, in the miseries of an ague,
had sent for Laud to console and advise him. Laud was, in truth, one
of the most agreeable of companions, and carried with him to his
grave an apprehension quick and sudden--"a sociable wit and pleasant
humour."[293] So that, even in the crisis of a malady, then of a far
more severe character than in the present day, Buckingham forgot his
sufferings, or bore them with a patience unwonted to his irritable
nature; and, “by that patience, did so break their heats and
violences, that at last they left him.”
Footnote 293:
Ibid, p. 118, and _passim_.
After this period, Laud became, Heylyn tells us, “not only a
confessor, but a councillor to the Duke;” and to his advice it was
owing that the endowments of the Charter-house were not appropriated
by the Duke to the maintenance of the war, a plan which had been
contemplated by the Duke, but applied to those of education. Laud,
we must in gratitude recall, opposed all alienations of that nature;
and to his firmness, as well as to that of the honest-hearted Sir
Edward Coke, who, as trustee to the estates called Sutton’s Lands,
resisted the attempts of the Crown to seize them, we owe the
preservation of many colleges and hospitals.
During his intimacy with Buckingham, Laud succeeded in imbuing him
with those opinions which he himself advocated during his life, and
died to support. These were opposed to what was then called
“_Doctrinal Puritanism_,” a term which Buckingham expressed a wish
to comprehend, and which Laud undertook to expound. These doctrinal
points related to the observance of the Lord’s Day; to the
“indiscrimination,” says Heylyn, “of bishops and presbyters, the
power of sovereigns in ecclesiastical matters, the doctrine of
confession and of sacerdotal absolution, and the five points which
had, for the last twenty years, been agitating the churches of
Holland.”[294] Those points, which have unhappily raised so many
bitter resentments, were now beginning to inflame the public mind in
England with that fever of intolerance which is so contagious, and
so inimical to true religion. These controversies, in the time of
Buckingham, were carried on between the party called Arminians and
the Calvinists. “A swarm of books,” as Heylyn calls them, came over
from Holland, and awoke out of “that dead sleep,” as he terms the
then state of the Church, the learned divines of Oxford. Laud had
been one of the first, on the publication of these works, to espouse
and to advocate what was then styled Arminianism, so called from a
famous professor of Leyden, Von Armene. Whatever was the standard of
Laud’s opinions, and whatsoever merit may be attached to their
sincerity, or what blame soever to their virulence, it is, at all
events, satisfactory to believe that the attention of Buckingham
was, during the latter years of his life, directed to subjects of
mightier import than the sublunary interests which had hitherto
solely engrossed his attention.
Footnote 294:
Heylyn, p. 119.
Laud had, indeed, those qualities which form the man of piety into
the missionary of social life--a mission much required in all ages.
The rigid, uncompromising priest, who gives no latitude to opinion,
no indulgence to error, generally does far more harm than good. The
lax man of the world, with weak purpose, and flickering notions of
right and wrong, is a scandal to the faith he professes, and lends a
hand to indifference, if not to infidelity. But Laud, an enthusiast,
perhaps a zealot, was the most agreeable of bigots. Born at Reading,
the son of a clothier, he had been reproached, like Buckingham, with
the meanness of his origin. Like most men, he felt the imputation;
and even in his garden at Lambeth, when in the height of his
greatness, he is stated by his biographer, Doctor Heylyn, to have
shewn no ordinary degree of vexation on his countenance, after
reading a libel in which he was reproached with his parentage, “as
if,” he said, “he had been raked out of a dung-hill.” He owned that
he had not the good fortune “to be born a gentleman,” but he had the
happiness to be descended from honest parents. The beautiful,
old-fashioned College of St. John’s, at Oxford, had received him as
a commoner, and he entered there at a period when Calvinism
influenced, strange to say, the tone and spirit of that university.
All that had once been held sacred was decaying or disused; and the
Reformed Church of England had become eclipsed by the doctrines and
writings of Zuinglius, introduced by Dr. Humphrey, the then
Vice-Chancellor, who had received his impressions, when deprived of
his fellowship by Queen Mary, at Zurich, the very hot-bed of
Calvinism.
The use of the surplice, the custom of bowing at the name of Jesus,
commanded by Queen Elizabeth in 1559, and the distinctive dress of
the priests, had been laid aside, when Laud, in 1604, performed his
exercise for Bachelor of Divinity, into which treatise he introduced
those tenets which were soon conceived, or misconceived, to be
tainted with Romanism.
Nevertheless, from the time when he was president of his own
college, St. John’s, to the moment of his promotion to the see of
Canterbury, there was little real obstruction to Laud’s elevation,
notwithstanding that the whole of his career was one of controversy
and contention, until he rose to the highest pinnacle of
ecclesiastical greatness, and fell, subsequently, into the very
depths of adversity.
This slight sketch is necessary to show how naturally Laud might be
expected to succeed in gaining an influence over Buckingham, since
he had been always engaged in winning over those of opposite
opinions, and in the great battle of controversy. Cheerful, not too
severe, nor even sufficiently strict, in his notions of morality, as
appears from his conduct relative to Mountjoy, Earl of Devonshire--a
short, stout man, with a plump and merry visage, the very opposite
of a Puritan or Calvinist minister--no man knew better than Laud how
to lay aside the gravity which was unseasonable; accessible in his
manners, staunch as a churchman to the interests of his order, but
perfectly indifferent, personally, to the gifts of fortune, Laud
delighted the great Duke, weary of fame, and perhaps of life, by the
sweetness of manner and vivacity of temper which become so well men
of high attainments. They were henceforth friends, until the thread
of Buckingham’s existence was cut short by the assassin’s blow.
It is impossible to estimate too highly the effects of this intimacy
upon the character of the Duke. He seems to have yielded readily to
the remonstrances of Laud against the misappropriation of church
revenues; and indeed, according to another authority, his own
disposition accelerated the effect produced by these impressions.
Buckingham was not the rapacious oppressor described by the
contemporary slanderers of his time. “Oppression and avarice,”
observes Nichols, in his history of Leicestershire, “_he knew not_.”
Williams, Lord Keeper, the early friend of Buckingham, was now
wholly discarded from the Duke’s friendship, and from his presence,
as appears from a letter addressed by Williams to Sir George Goring,
and written from Foxley. The mixture of servility with religious
professions; the evident desire to retain the favour of the Duke,
and his own place, of course, and yet to make his case good;--and
the dexterity with which all this is managed, lessen the regret that
would otherwise be felt that Buckingham had lost in Williams an
acute adviser, whose counsels were safer, at that juncture, than
those of the earnest and fearless, but intemperate and prejudiced,
Laud.
No benefit to the disgraced courtier and prelate resulted from this
appeal, and the new parliament was opened in the month of February,
1626, not by Williams, but by Sir Thomas Coventry, as Lord Keeper,
in a strain of fulsome adulation to the King.
But this address, followed as it was by an oration from Sir Heneage
Finch, the Speaker, in terms still more exaggerated, was little
regarded by the Commons, who immediately formed themselves into a
committee of grievances, in which the evil resulting from bad
counsellors about the King, the misappropriation of the revenue, the
failure of the expedition against Cadiz, and the expenditure of the
subsidy granted to the late King, formed the main points of
consideration.
In vain did Charles, confirming but too closely the observations
recently quoted by Lord Clarendon, resolve to defend his favourite.
He addressed a letter to the Speaker, bidding him hasten the
supplies. Forty ships, he stated, were ready for a second voyage,
and, without an immediate grant of money, the object of that
armament must be abandoned, and the navy disbanded. The Commons were
adverse to any scheme founded by him whom they regarded as the very
source of all the evils of which the country now complained.
Buckingham was the object at whom every expression of discontent was
aimed. Clement Coke, one of Sir Edward’s numerous family, observed
that it would be better to die from an enemy abroad than to be
destroyed at home. Dr. Turner, a physician whom Sir Henry Wotton
styles “a travelled doctor of physick, of bold spirit and able
elocution,” asked ministers whether it were not true that the loss
of the King’s dominions over the narrow seas were not owing to the
Duke’s mismanagement? Whether the enormous gifts of land and money
to the Duke had not impoverished the Crown? Whether the multiplicity
of offices which he held, and those whom he patronized, were not the
cause of the bad government in the kingdom? Whether he did not
connive at recusants, the Duke’s mother and father-in-law being both
papists? Whether the sale of offices, honours, places of judicature,
with ecclesiastical livings and preferments, were not owing to the
Duke?
Such was the dread of court influence in that day, that courage to
put these questions implied in Dr. Turner a perfect independence of
action and character very unusual at that period. Clement Coke was
severely reproved by his father for his boldness, and the old lawyer
refused to see his son for some time; but Dr. Turner, one of the
very few of his profession who have sat in the House of Commons, not
only escaped censure, but gained credit by his boldness, upon which
the subsequent impeachment of the Duke was grounded.
The committee to redress grievances was followed by another, which
was to inquire into religious matters, more especially into the
number of indulgences granted by his Majesty to recusants; for the
bitterness of bigotry was not confined to the party who owned Laud
as their spiritual chief; and this blow was aimed at Buckingham,
whose alleged partiality to the Romish Church was one of the false
and factious allegations of the day. At that time, it must be
remembered, a penalty of twenty pounds a month, by law, could be
levied upon every person who frequented not divine worship.[295] The
King, unhappily, ill judging, ill-advised, and therefore ill-fated,
and finding himself opposed for the first time, summoned the Lords
and Commons to Whitehall, and, addressing them, said, that whilst he
was sensible of the grievances of his people, he was much more
sensible of his own. He issued his express command that henceforth
the two houses would desist from such unparliamentary proceedings,
and leave the reformation of what was amiss to his "Majesty’s care,
wisdom, and justice."[296] This harangue produced no effect on the
two houses, and the King and Buckingham, feeling that they had lost
ground, adopted another course, and rushed into perils, from the
effect of which the Duke was saved by an untimely death, but which
were felt in after years with terrible force by Charles.
Footnote 295:
Hume--Appendix to the Reign of James I., p.38.
Footnote 296:
Heylyn, p. 142.
So long as James I. lived, the Earl of Bristol, confiding in his
favour, had borne the blame of that failure in the Spanish treaty
which had so greatly incensed the nation. For some time after the
accession of Charles, he waited, hoping to regain his footing at the
court. But when, upon the meeting of parliament, he received no writ
to serve as a member, in his place, he appealed to the Lords. The
writ was then sent, but the Earl was ordered on no account to appear
in his place. Moreover, during the vacation, in the month of March,
the Duke, certain that Bristol would impeach him, prepared articles
of impeachment against the Earl, in order to be the first in the
field, and to anticipate the accusations which he expected would
shortly be levelled at himself. The impeachment did indeed
anticipate, literally, that soon framed and delivered against the
Duke.[297] The feeling of the times rendered nothing so odious to
the nation as any wish or attempt to subvert the religion of the
country. One of the charges against Bristol was that he assisted to
introduce Popery into England; that he was the cause of the Prince’s
journey into Spain, and had there wished him to change his religion;
that he advised that the son of the Elector Palatine should be
brought up in the court of Spain--a project which, from a letter of
Bristol’s, appears to have been stated, but not suggested by
Bristol. Bristol replied that these charges were merely intended to
defeat those which he now formally preferred against the Duke, which
seemed almost like duplicates of the impeachment which the Duke had
preferred against him. First, that he had conspired with Gondomar to
take the Prince into Spain, there to convert him to the Romish
faith; that, whilst in Spain, the Duke had flattered the King of
Spain with the hopes of this conversion; that he had absented
himself from Divine service at the embassy, and had attended the
Romish rites, adoring their sacraments--a course which induced the
Spanish court to ask greater concessions from King James.[298] These
articles, with others of less import, were followed by an
impeachment from the House of Commons, who were fearful that Bristol
might not be able to substantiate the charge of treason, of which
they clearly saw the weakness, from the absence of motives and of
proofs.[299] On the eighth of May, therefore, “a large impeachment”
was drawn up against him; it was framed by six of the ablest lawyers
in the house;[300] and related to the Duke’s engrossing of
offices--his holding at the same time the posts of Lord Admiral and
of Warden of the Cinque Ports--his not guarding the narrow seas--his
lending a ship called the “Vanguard” to the French King--his selling
offices and honours--his waste of the Crown revenues--and, finally,
his giving physic to King James at the time of his sickness,[301]
applying a plaster to his chest; and that both the potion and the
plaster were of a nature unknown “to surgeons, apothecaries, and
physicians, and had been followed by dangerous consequences.”
Footnote 297:
Brodie, ii. p.89.
Footnote 298:
Brodie.
Footnote 299:
Heylyn, 143.
Footnote 300:
Heylyn, in his life of Laud, recites these names--Glandville,
Herbert, Sheldon, Pym, Wansford, and Sherland; the prologue made
by Sir Dudley Digges, and the epilogue by Sir John Eliot.--Heylyn,
143.
Footnote 301:
Inedited letter in the State Paper Office, 1623, vol. 28.
Of these charges, which were styled by Hume “either frivolous, or
false, or both,” only one or two articles can, with any certainty,
be refuted. To commence with that made by the Earl of Bristol,
relating to the conversion of Charles whilst in Spain, it appears
from a letter addressed by Sir George Calvert to Secretary Conway,
that the Marquis Inojosa, the Spanish Ambassador, was directed by
the Countess Olivarez, in the Infanta’s name, to obtain all possible
indulgences for Catholics. But no other more formal application on
the subject, nor any trace of information confirming the alleged
designs of Buckingham to convert Charles, have been found amongst
the correspondence of that period; nor has any substantial proof of
this charge been adduced by historians.[302] With regard to the
charge of engrossing offices, the importance, if not the absolute
necessity, of rescuing all maritime affairs from the ruin and
neglect in which they had been suffered to remain by a former High
Admiral, was so obvious at the very moment when it became necessary
to assert the honour of England, that it is a matter of wonder that
it should have been attempted to allege against Buckingham that
which constituted his greatest merit. That the Duke had fearlessly
applied himself to the restoration of the navy, has been shown by a
reference to documents which have fully and completely exonerated
him from that censure. It would have been of little avail for
Buckingham to restore our navy, without securing the ports; in
taking upon himself that office, he did not accept it as a mere
dignity, to be performed by deputy, but he discharged its duties
with an energy and a fidelity that very soon effected the desired
end.
Footnote 302:
A full statement of the charges may be seen in Brodie’s
Constitutional History, vol. ii., p. 113, from Rushworth.
In the answer which he afterwards addressed to Parliament, the Duke
denied having lent the ship called the “Vanguard,” and six others,
to the King of France--knowing that they were intended to be
employed against Rochelle; he stated that he had been overreached,
as the French King had pretended that he wished to make an attack on
Genoa; that, so soon as he was aware of the deception, he did all he
could to save Rochelle from destruction.[303] It appeared, also,
that a promise had been made by James I. to lend a ship to Louis
XIII., for the reduction of Genoa. The charge of neglecting his duty
as Admiral, and of having suffered the coast to be infested with
pirates, has been met by those statements in a former chapter, drawn
from original sources, which plainly show that the energy of this
ill-fated Minister was untiring, his efforts meritorious, and that,
whatever had been his former errors, they had been retrieved in his
management of naval affairs. So active were his habits, that he took
a personal share in every affair.[304] From the accusation of
corruption, it would be as difficult to defend the Duke, as it was
to exculpate, in this grave point, many public men in office at that
period. The House of Commons was still writhing under the
remembrance of the affair of Lord Middlesex, Lord Treasurer in the
time of James I., who had taken two bribes, of five hundred pounds
each, from the farmers of customs, without which _douceur_ he
refused to sign their warrants.[305] For that offence, Middlesex had
been punished with fine and imprisonment; but King James, whilst he
was eager to sell the offending Earl’s lands for the payment of the
fine, had said that he would “review the sentence of the Parliament,
and confirm it as he saw cause;” he even made a speech in behalf of
the dishonest treasurer, stating that, “in such cases, the nether
house was but as informers, the Lords as the jury, and himself the
judge;” giving them likewise to understand “that he took it not
well, nor would endure it hereafter, that they should meddle with
his servants, from the highest place down to the lowest _skull_ in
the kitchen; but if they had ought against any, they should complain
to him, and he would see it redressed according to right.”[306]
Footnote 303:
Brodie, from Rushworth, vol. ii., p.121.
Footnote 304:
Inedited State Papers, 1624.
Footnote 305:
Inedited State Papers; date, October 11th, 1624.
Footnote 306:
Letter from Mr. Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton. Inedited State
Papers, June 5th, 1624.
It was not, therefore, a matter of surprise that the Commons should,
in a case considered still more flagrant, lose their moderation,
knowing from experience how little justice their well-grounded
complaints might receive at the hands of a monarch who had imbibed
from his cradle such sentiments as those expressed by James I.
It was publicly known that offices, both about the person of the
King and in the state, were sold. In the last reign, the mastership
of the jewels had been bought by Sir Henry Caire for 2,000_l._ or
3,000_l._, from Sir Henry Mildmay, who was “thought too young a man,
and of too mean a state” to be safely entrusted with the King’s
jewels.[307] Buckingham, however, seems to have had no direct
interest in this transaction. Other instances were also adduced; and
proofs of corruption somewhere were open to every mind. Lord
Middlesex, when Sir Lionel Cranfield, was stated to have given the
Duke 6,000_l._ for his place as keeper of the wardrobe;[308] but it
seems that he purchased that post from Lord Hay, and not from
Buckingham, as the following extract from the State Papers, of the
year 1618, implies:--
“Sir Lionel Cranfield is not yet master of the wardrobe, nor likely
to be, unless he give a _viaticum_ to the Lord Hay, who, they say,
stands upon 9,000_l._”[309] It does not, therefore, appear certain
that Buckingham received either of the bribes; although it is not
improbable that, since nothing could take place without his
concurrence, he might have accepted some part of the spoil. Of the
other two allegations--namely, that he received from Lord Roberts
10,000_l._ for his title, and that he sold the office of treasurer
to Lord Manchester for 20,000_l._, there seems no certainty; but no
letters are to be found in the very minute daily correspondence of
that period, between the members of the Duke’s household and the
Court, which either take the burden of the charge from him, or
remove it to any other person.
Footnote 307:
Inedited State Papers. January, 1617-18.
Footnote 308:
Brodie, vol. i., p.113.
Footnote 309:
Dated August 20th, 1618.
The Duke was also stated, in the impeachment, to have purchased the
offices of Lord High Admiral, and of Lord Warden of the Cinque
Ports. Such was the colour given to a transaction which is generally
recognized as a matter of compensation. “To the Earl of Nottingham,
the old and incompetent admiral, the pension of 3,000_l._ yearly was
allotted, together with a good round sum of ready money;” to
Margaret, Countess of Nottingham, according to one account, a
pension of 1,000_l._, to commence at the death of the Earl, and
500_l._ to his eldest son by her.[310] According to another
statement, the pension to the Countess was not to exceed 600_l._; to
her son, Charles Howard, 500_l._ a year; and to her daughter, Anne
Howard, 200_l._ a year--after the death of their father.[311]
Footnote 310:
Inedited State Papers, 1625. This sum was eventually reduced to
5,000_l._
Footnote 311:
Letter from Secretary Nameton.--State Paper Office, Oct. 18, 1618.
Lord Zouch, meantime, the former Warden of the Cinque Ports, was
perfectly satisfied with the compensation of 500_l._ a year, secured
on lands, and 1,000_l._ ready money, in lieu of his office.[312]
Surely, if arrangements like these, completed without secrecy, and
known to every gossip of the Court, be deemed corrupt and illegal,
every minister of modern times might be liable to a similar
imputation.
Footnote 312:
Inedited State Papers.
Another charge was that Buckingham had procured titles of honours
for his allies, and pensions to support them; had embezzled the
King’s money, and obtained grants of Crown lands to an enormous
value.[313] A list of his titles and offices proves, indeed, the
blind and almost insane partiality which had placed the favourite on
the pinnacle of power.
Footnote 313:
Brodie, vol. ii., p. 113.
The statement of his possessions is equally amazing, more especially
when we consider his origin and his early difficulties. Crown lands,
to the value of 284,895_l._, had been allotted to the Duke, "besides
the Forest of Layfield--the profit made out of the strangers’
goods--and the moiety of the customs in Ireland." And yet the
Duke avowed before Parliament that his debts amounted to
100,000_l._,[314] and we find, as a sad confirmation of the charge,
among the documents in the State Paper Office, a warrant of payment
of 2,500_l._ to Sir William Russell, for interest of 30,000_l._
advanced to the Duke of Buckingham by his Majesty’s orders.[315]
Even the money given him, it was justly alleged, was a small sum
compared with that which the Duke had derived from other sources.
“How then,” asked Mr. Sherland, one of the managers of the
impeachment, “can we hope to satisfy his prodigality, if this be
true? If false, how can we hope to satisfy his covetousness? And,
therefore, your lordships need not wonder if the Commons desire, and
that earnestly, to be delivered from such a grievance.”
Footnote 314:
Ibid, 123.
Footnote 315:
Date, March 6, 1625.
Finally, the Duke was charged with having either intentionally, or
unintentionally, accelerated the death of King James.
The imprudent interference of Buckingham, under the influence of his
mother, with the medical treatment of the King, was adduced as a
proof of guilt. The absurdity of this charge, which was afterwards
taken up with much bitterness by both parties in that time of
violent discussion, seems to throw a doubt upon the whole
impeachment.
The same members who had before recited the enormous gifts and
lavish generosity of King James to his favourite, now taxed the very
man who had only to ask, to obtain, with the murder of one who was
loading him with benefits. The disease of King James, Heylyn
reports, “was no other than an ague, which, though it fell on him in
the spring, crossed the proverb, and proved, not medicinal, but
mortal.”[316] The King was old, not indeed in years, but in
constitution; the wonder was not that he died before the full span
of age was complete, but that he lived so long. The appearance of
the body after death has been insisted upon by Whitelocke as a proof
of poison; but it is well known that in many diseases this
appearance occurs, especially in affections of the heart, a class of
complaint but little understood in those times, but a malady that is
not unfrequently the result of rheumatic affections, to which James
seems to have been liable.
Footnote 316:
Life of Archbishop Laud.
Wandesford, one of the chief speakers on this occasion, declares
that the “poor and loyal Commons of England were troubled at hearing
that great distempers followed the drink and plaisters which
Buckingham had pressed on the King--droughts, raving, faintness, and
intermitting pulse;” these are, however, the usual concomitants of
that passage through the valley of the shadow of death which
precedes a final dissolution; the plaister was declared to have
driven the complaint inwards; both the administration of the drink
or posset, and the application of the plaister, were avowed by
Buckingham, who protested that neither of these intended remedies
had been used without the permission of the physicians; on hearing a
rumour that he had done so, Buckingham affirmed that he went to the
dying king, “who exclaimed, ‘They are worse than devils who say
so.’”[317]
Footnote 317:
Brodie, vol. ii., p. 125.
On the whole, this part of the impeachment seems to have fallen to
the ground; and we are disposed to credit Clarendon, who states that
though “investigated in a time of great licence, ‘no criminality was
discovered.’” King Charles also became afterwards the subject of
aspersions on this point--one of those slanderous and impossible
accusations that weaken all the previous charges, and taint them
with the hue of malice.
It is remarkable, as Hume observes, that the most vulnerable point
in Lord Bristol’s attack was altogether ignored by the Commons in
this “large impeachment.” The most blamable circumstance in
Buckingham’s whole life, as the same historian observes, was the
Duke’s conduct in breaking the Spanish treaty, and in hurrying the
nation into a war in order to gratify his private passions. But
there was a general conviction of the insincerity of Spain; and the
unjustifiable conduct of the Duke, in the affairs relative to that
country, was suffered to escape unnoticed, whilst charges, almost
untenable, were got up in the hope of ruining him with the King.
Charles was, however, infatuated. His youth and inexperience, the
pernicious example set him by his father, plead for _him_, but
nothing can extenuate the want of manly boldness in Buckingham, in
not facing his foes and demanding a trial. His answers to the
impeachment, thirteen in number, were, it is true, to borrow the
words of Sir Henry Wotton, “very diligently and civilly couched,”
and “savoured of an humble spirit, though his heart was big.” One
consideration swayed with the public, which was, that in the
“bolting and sifting of near fourteen years of such power and
favour, all that came out could not be expected to be pure and
white, and fine metal; but must needs have withal among it a certain
mixture of padars and bran in this lower range of humane
fragility.”[318]
Footnote 318:
Sir Henry Wotton, p. 225.
The Duke’s answers were very clear and satisfactory,[319] and his
address to the Lords appears to have been ingenuous and courteous.
He reminded them how full of danger and prejudice it was to give too
ready an ear, too easy a belief, to reports and testimony not upon
oath; upon such allegations none ought, he argued, to be condemned.
Then, with a grace that was natural to him, he acknowledged, with
humility, “how easy a thing it was for him in his younger years,
when inexperienced, to fall into thousands of errors in these two
years wherein he had the honour to serve so great and so
open-hearted a master.”[320] He concluded with professions of
attachment to the Church of England, hoping that for the future “he
might watch over all his actions, public and private, so as not to
give cause of just offence to any one.” And such was probably his
sincere determination; and Buckingham, had he lived, might have
proved an excellent and, as times went, an honest minister.
Footnote 319:
Hume.
Footnote 320:
Heylyn, p. 144.
The answer of Buckingham, as well as the speech of the King to his
Commons, on the 29th of March, was ascribed to the pen of Laud; but
Heylyn disavows that statement. Yet there is little doubt that Laud
prompted the Duke’s cautious and submissive reply on the one hand,
and encouraged, if he did not prompt, the King’s arbitrary and
unconstitutional conduct to the Commons.
The tempest, violent as it seemed, “did,” as Sir Henry Wotton
remarks, “only shake and not rent” the Duke’s sails. Charles, taking
as a plea that many of the accusations were not within the compass
of his own reign, and also that nothing had been proved against
Buckingham on oath, resolved to brave the storm in such a manner as
to bring down its force upon himself.
He lost, therefore, no opportunity of showing his contempt for the
House of Commons. “No one,” Hume observes, “was at that time
sufficiently sensible of the great weight which the Commons bore in
the balance of the Constitution.” Nothing but “fatal experience
could induce the English princes to pay a due regard to the
inclinations of that formidable assembly.”[321]
Footnote 321:
Hume, vol. vi., p. 179.
“This was indeed,” Lord Campbell remarks, “the great crisis of the
English Constitution. Had our distinguished patriots then quailed,
Parliaments would thenceforth have been merely the subject of
antiquarian research, or perhaps occasionally summoned to register
the edicts of the Crown”[322] “The state,” as Sir Edward Coke
declared in Parliament, “was in a consumption, yet not incurable.”
It was his courage and honesty that helped to effect a cure.
Footnote 322:
Lives of the Chancellors, vol. i., p. 325.
Charles, considering that he was himself aimed at in the allegations
against the Duke, commanded the House expressly not to interfere
with his servant Buckingham, and ordered it to conclude the bill for
the subsidies which they had begun, intimating that if that were not
done it should sit no longer. Instead of referring the case to the
Lords, and insisting on the affair being brought to a trial before
that body, he went himself to the House of Lords, and declared his
intention of clearing the Duke by his own testimony. The Commons
had, on that very day, moved that the Duke should be committed to
the Tower until the issue of his trial should be known. That motion
was rejected; in vain did Buckingham attempt to explain and soften
down this conduct in a speech to the Lords. Sir Dudley Digges and
Sir John Eliot were thrown into prison, and although they were soon
liberated, the Commons immediately declared that they would not
proceed with any business whatsoever until satisfaction should be
given for this breach of privilege.
Unhappily, all these discords were aggravated nearly to frenzy by
the bitterest of all passions--religious intolerance. Whilst we must
applaud, with all gratitude, the lofty and honest spirit which
opposed acts of despotism--a spirit to which we owe our present
pre-eminence as a free and powerful nation--we must deprecate the
remorseless oppressions which the friends of liberty scrupled not to
inflict on those who thought on religious matters differently from
themselves.
It was an expensive matter in those days to have a conscience.
Although the penalty of twenty pounds per month, enacted during the
reign of Elizabeth, had been mitigated according to the
circumstances of families, or suffered in some instances to run on
for years, it was occasionally levied all at once, to the ruin of
the unhappy Romanist families who conscientiously refused to attend
the worship of the Established Church. James I. had mercifully
relaxed the severity of these penalties; but his successor was now
called upon by the Puritan party in the House of Commons to restore
them to their original force. The Church was at this epoch far more
induced to grant indulgence than the laity, who, it is strange to
say, were the most intolerant among the persecutors of the depressed
body of Roman Catholics. Disappointed in their impeachment of
Buckingham, the Commons now presented to the King a list of
recusants who had been entrusted with offices in the State.
This petition was aimed, of course, at Buckingham, whose mother was
a Catholic, and whose wife had been long suspected of holding the
tenets of the Romish Church. It was thought sufficient in those
times to have a near relation a Romanist, to be disqualified for
office.[323]
Footnote 323:
Hume, from Franklyn, p. 195.
Queen Elizabeth, as we have before observed, when she had any point
to gain with her people, used “to tune the pulpits,” as she termed
it. It was her practice to have a reserve of preachers ready to
extol her designs in or near London, to influential congregations,
whenever she required the help of their eloquence.[324] This plan
was now adopted by Charles, and Laud was employed to call the
attention of the public to the cause of the King of Denmark, who had
been driven to the last extremity by Count Tilly. The King of
Denmark being a Protestant, it was hoped that this scheme would
propitiate the party who so vehemently endeavoured to compass the
downfall of Buckingham, and who were, for the most part, Puritans.
Footnote 324:
Heylyn, p. 153.
Unhappily the plan did more harm than good; its motives and
signification were suspected, nay, even proclaimed by some of the
simple clergy; and Sibthorpe, the Vicar of Brackley, in
Northamptonshire--at an assize sermon--gave out plainly that the
burden of those instructions which had been distributed among the
priesthood was "to show the lawfulness of the general loan which the
King now contemplated raising, in lieu of the supplies; to prove the
King’s right to impose taxes without the consent of Parliament; and
to insist that the people ought cheerfully to submit to such loans
and taxes."
The publication of this sermon was forbidden by Archbishop
Abbot,[325] for it was then illegal to print any book without a
permission from the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of London, or the
Vice-chancellor of one of the Universities, or some person appointed
by them;[326] and two fearful Courts of Star-chamber and High
Commission threatened any delinquent who attempted to do then what
now requires merely the consent of a publisher. Although Abbot had
so wisely prohibited Sibthorpe’s discourse, he could not save the
King whom Buckingham and Laud counselled. The audacious sermon was
published during the following year, under the almost impious title
of “Apostolic Obedience.”
Footnote 325:
Heylyn, p. 159.
Footnote 326:
Hume, p. 129.
END OF VOL. II.
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attention is given in its pages to the collateral branches of the
various noble families, and the names of many thousand individuals
are introduced, which do not appear in other records of the titled
classes. For its authority, correctness, and facility of
arrangement, and the beauty of its typography and binding, the work
is justly entitled to the high place it occupies on the tables of
Her Majesty and the Nobility.
"Lodge’s Peerage must supersede all other works of the kind, for two
reasons: first, it is on a better plan; and, secondly, it is better
executed. We can safely pronounce it to be the readiest, the most
useful, and exactest of modern works on the subject."--_Spectator._
“A work which corrects all errors of former works. It is the
production of a herald, we had almost said, by birth, but certainly
by profession and studies, Mr. Lodge, the Norroy King of Arms. It is
a most useful publication.”--_Times._
"As perfect a Peerage of the British Empire as we are ever likely to
see published. Great pains have been taken to make it as complete
and accurate as possible. The work is patronised by Her Majesty and
the Prince Consort; and it is worthy of a place in every gentleman’s
library, as well as in every public institution."--_Herald._
“As a work of contemporaneous history, this volume is of great
value--the materials having been derived from the most authentic
sources and in the majority of cases emanating from the noble
families themselves. It contains all the needful information
respecting the nobility of the Empire.”--_Post._
"This work should form a portion of every gentleman’s library. At
all times, the information which it contains, derived from
official sources exclusively at the command of the author, is of
importance to most classes of the community; to the antiquary it
must be invaluable, for implicit reliance may be placed on its
contents."--_Globe._
“This work derives great value from the high authority of Mr. Lodge.
The plan is excellent.”--_Literary Gazette._
"When any book has run through so many editions, its reputation is
so indelibly stamped, that it requires neither criticism nor praise.
It is but just, however, to say, that ‘Lodge’s Peerage and
Baronetage‘ is the most elegant and accurate, and the best of its
class. The chief point of excellence attaching to this Peerage
consists neither in its elegance of type nor its completeness of
illustration, but in its authenticity, which is insured by the
letter-press being always kept standing, and by immediate alteration
being made whenever any change takes place, either by death or
otherwise, amongst the nobility of the United Kingdom. The work has
obtained the special patronage of Her Most Gracious Majesty, and of
His Royal Highness the Prince Consort, which patronage has never
been better or more worthily bestowed."--_Messenger._
"‘Lodge’s Peerage and Baronetage‘ has become, as it were, an
‘institution’ of this country; in other words, it is indispensable,
and cannot be done without, by any person having business in the
great world. The authenticity of this valuable work, as regards the
several topics to which it refers, has never been exceeded, and,
consequently, it must be received as one of the most important
contributions to social and domestic history extant. As a book of
reference--indispensable in most cases, useful in all--it should be
in the hands of every one having connections in, or transactions
with, the aristocracy."--_Observer._
=LODGE’S GENEALOGY OF THE PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE OF THE BRITISH
EMPIRE.= A NEW AND REVISED EDITION. Uniform with “THE PEERAGE”
Volume, with the arms beautifully engraved, handsomely bound
with gilt edges, price 31s. 6d.
The desire very generally manifested for a republication of this
volume has dictated the present entire revision of its contents. The
Armorial Bearings prefixed to the History of each Noble Family,
render the work complete in itself and uniform with the Volume of
THE PEERAGE, which it is intended to accompany and illustrate. The
object of the whole Work, in its two distinct yet combined
characters, has been useful and correct information; and the careful
attention devoted to this object throughout will, it is hoped,
render the Work worthy of the August Patronage with which it is
honoured and of the liberal assistance accorded by its Noble
Correspondents, and will secure from them and from the Public, the
same cordial reception it has hitherto experienced. The great
advantage of “The Genealogy” being thus given in a separate volume,
Mr. Lodge has himself explained in the Preface to “The Peerage.”
=EPISODES OF FRENCH HISTORY DURING THE CONSULATE AND FIRST EMPIRE.=
By MISS PARDOE, author of “The Life of Marie de Medicis,” &c. 2
vols. 21s.
"We recommend Miss Pardoe’s ‘Episodes’ as very pleasant reading.
They cannot fail to entertain and instruct."--_Critic._
“One of the must amusing and instructive books Miss Pardoe has ever
given to the public.”--_Messenger._
“In this lively and agreeable book Miss Pardoe gives a fair picture
of the society of the times, which has never been treated in a more
interesting and pleasant manner.”--_Chronicle._
=THE LIFE AND TIMES OF GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.= By MRS.
THOMSON, Author of “The Life of the Duchess of Marlborough,”
“Memoirs of Sir W. Raleigh,” &c. With Portrait. (_Just Ready._)
=THE LIVES OF PHILIP HOWARD, EARL OF ARUNDEL, AND OF ANNE DACRES,
HIS WIFE.= Edited from the Original MSS. By the DUKE OF NORFOLK,
E.M. 1 vol. antique.
“These biographies will be read with interest. They throw valuable
light on the social habits and the prevalent feelings of the
Elizabethan age.”--_Literary Gazette._
=MEMOIRS OF BERANGER. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.= ENGLISH COPYRIGHT
EDITION. Second Edition, with numerous Additional Anecdotes and
Notes, hitherto unpublished. 8vo. with Portrait.
"This is the Copyright Translation of Béranger’s Biography. It
appears in a handsome volume, and is worthy of all praise as an
honest piece of work. In this account of his life, the Poet displays
all the mingled gaiety and earnestness, the warm-hearted sincerity,
inseparable from his character. He tells, with an exquisite
simplicity, the story of his early years. His life, he says, is the
fairest commentary on his songs, therefore he writes it. The charm
of the narrative is altogether fresh. It includes a variety of
_chansons_, now first printed, touching closely on the personal
history of which they form a part, shrewd sayings, and, as the field
of action in life widens, many sketches of contemporaries, and free
judgments upon men and things. There is a full appendix to the
Memoir, rich in letters hitherto unpublished, and in information
which completes the story of Béranger’s life. The book should be
read by all."--_Examiner._
=THE BOOK OF ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD, AND DECORATIONS OF HONOUR OF ALL
NATIONS; COMPRISING AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF EACH ORDER,
MILITARY, NAVAL AND CIVIL;= with Lists of the Knights and
Companions of each British Order. EMBELLISHED WITH FIVE HUNDRED
FAC-SIMILE COULOURED ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE INSIGNIA OF THE
VARIOUS ORDERS. Edited by SIR BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of
Arms. 1 vol. royal 8vo., handsomely bound, with gilt edges,
price £2. 2s.
“This valuable and attractive work may claim the merit of being the
best of its kind. It is so comprehensive in its character, and so
elegant in its style, that it far outstrips all competitors. A full
historical account of the orders of every country is given, with
lists of the Knights and Companions of each British Order. Among the
most attractive features of the work are the illustrations. They are
numerous and beautiful, highly coloured, and giving an exact
representation of the different decorations. The origin of each
Order, the rules and regulations, and the duties incumbent on its
members, are all given at full length. The fact of the work being
under the supervision of Sir Bernard Burke, and endorsed by his
authority, gives it another recommendation to the public
favour.”--_Sun_
“This is, indeed, a splendid book. It is an uncommon combination of
a library book of reference and a book for a boudoir, undoubtedly
uniting beauty and utility. It gives a sketch of the foundation and
history of all recognised decorations of honour, among all nations,
arranged in alphabetical order. The fac-similies of the insignia are
well drawn and coloured, and present a brilliant effect. Sir Bernard
Burke has done his work well; and this book of the quintessence of
the aristocracy will soon find its place in every library and
drawing-room.”--._Globe._
=JOURNAL OF AN ENGLISH OFFICER IN INDIA.= By MAJOR NORTH, 60th
Rifles, Deputy Judge Advocate-General, and Aide-de-Camp to
General Havelock. 1 vol. with portrait.
"We must commend Major’s North’s ‘Journal’ to universal approbation.
It is manly in tone, noble in expression, and full of feeling, alike
honourable to the soldier and gallant profession. When we state that
the book tells of the progress of the lion-hearted Havelock’s little
band which relieved Lucknow, and is the first faithful record of the
deeds of arms performed by that phalanx of heroes, we have said
enough to cause it to be read, we are convinced, by every person who
can avail himself of the opportunity of learning what were the
hardships of his countrymen, and how immense were the sacrifices
they made to save the English besieged inhabitants from a repetition
of the atrocities of Cawnpore. We have as yet seen no book connected
with the Indian mutiny which has given us so much gratification as
Major North’s Journal."--_Messenger._
=EASTERN HOSPITALS AND ENGLISH NURSES;= The Narrative of Twelve
Months’ Experience in the Hospitals of Koulali and Scutari. By A
LADY VOLUNTEER. Third and Cheaper Edition, 1 vol. post 8vo. with
Illustrations, 6s. bound.
“The story of the noble deeds done by Miss Nightingale and her
devoted sisterhood will never be more effectively told than in the
beautiful narrative contained in these volumes.”--_John Bull._
=PICTURES OF SPORTING LIFE AND CHARACTER.= By LORD WILLIAM LENNOX. 2
vols. with Illustrations. 21s.
"This work may be characterised as a perfect synopsis of English
sports in the 19th century. Were the whole of the books previously
written on the subject destroyed, Lord William Lennox’s alone
would preserve a lifelike picture of the sports and amusements of
our age. The volumes will be read with intense enjoyment by
multitudes, for their author is an accomplished _littérateur_, who
has known how to vary his theme so skillfully and to intersperse
it with so many anecdotes and personal recollections of England’s
most distinguished men, that even those who are not themselves
given to sport will be deeply interested in the light he throws
upon English society."--_Illustrated News of the World._
=THE COUNTESS OF BONNEVAL: HER LIFE AND LETTERS.= By LADY GEORGIANA
FULLERTON. 2 vols. 21s.
“The whole work forms one of those touching stories which create a
lasting impression.”--_Athenæum._
“The life of the Count de Bonneval is a page in history, but it
reads like a romance: that of the Countess, removed from war and
politics, never oversteps the domestic sphere, yet is equally
romantic and singular. An accomplished writer has taken up the
threads of this modest life, and brought out her true character in a
very interesting and animated memoir. The story of the Countess of
Bonneval is related with the happy art and grace which so
characterize the author.”--_U. S. Magazine._
=THE LIFE OF MARIE DE MEDICIS, QUEEN OF FRANCE,= CONSORT OF HENRY
IV., AND REGENT UNDER LOUIS XIII. By MISS PARDOE. Second
Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. Portraits.
=MEMOIRS OF THE BARONESS D’OBERKIRCH,= ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE SECRET
HISTORY OF THE COURTS OF FRANCE, RUSSIA, AND GERMANY. WRITTEN BY
HERSELF, and Edited by Her Grandson, the COUNT DE MONTBRISON. 3
vols. post 8vo. 15s.
"The Baroness d’Oberkirch being the intimate friend of the
Empress of Russia, wife of Paul I., and the confidential
companion of the Duchess of Bourbon, her facilities for
obtaining information respecting the most private affairs of the
principal Courts of Europe, render her Memoirs unrivalled as a
book of interesting anecdotes of the royal, noble and other
celebrated individuals who flourished on the continent during
the latter part of the last century. The volumes form a valuable
addition to the personal history of an important period. They
deserve general popularity."--_Daily News._
=MEMOIRS OF RACHEL.= 2 vols. with Portrait. 21s.
“A book sure to attract public attention, and well meriting
it.”--_Globe._
=SCOTTISH HEROES IN THE DAYS OF WALLACE AND BRUCE.= By the REV. A.
LOW, A.M. 2 vols. post 8vo.
=MEMOIRS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF MAJOR GENERAL SIR W. NOTT, G.C.B.,=
COMMANDER OF THE ARMY OF CANDAHAR, AND ENVOY AT THE COURT OF
LUCKNOW. 2 vols. 8vo. with Portrait. 16s. bound.
=RULE AND MISRULE OF THE ENGLISH IN AMERICA.= By the Author of “SAM
SLICK.” 2 vols. post 8vo.
“We conceive this work to be by far the most valuable and important
Judge Haliburton has ever written. While teeming with interest,
moral and historical, to the general reader, it equally constitutes
a philosophical study for the politician and statesman. It will be
found to let in a flood of light upon the actual origin, formation,
and progress of the republic of the United States.”--_Naval and
Military Gazette._
=RECOLLECTIONS OF WEST END LIFE; WITH SKETCHES OF SOCIETY IN PARIS,
INDIA,= &c. By MAJOR CHAMBRE late 17th Lancers. 2 vols. with
Portrait of George IV.
"We find in Major Chambre’s lively sketches a mass of amusing
anecdotes relating to persons eminent in their day for their
position, wit, and political reputation. All that relates to George
IV. will be read with attention and interest."--_Messenger._
=THE UPPER and LOWER AMOOR; A NARRATIVE OF TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE.= By
T. W. ATKINSON. Author of “ORIENTAL and WESTERN SIBERIA.” With
Map and numerous Illustrations. (_In the Press._)
=SIXTEEN YEARS OF AN ARTIST’S LIFE IN MOROCCO, SPAIN, AND THE CANARY
ISLANDS.= By MRS. ELIZABETH MURRAY. 2 vols. 8vo. with Coloured
Illustrations.
“Mrs. Murray, wife, we believe, of the English Consul at Teneriffe,
is one of the first of female English Water Colour Artists. She
draws well, and her colour is bright, pure, transparent, and
sparkling. Her book is like her painting, luminous, rich and fresh.
We welcome it (as the public will also do) with sincere pleasure. It
is a hearty book, written by a clever, quick-sighted, and thoughtful
woman, who, slipping a steel pen on the end of her brush, thus
doubly armed, uses one end as well as the other, being with both a
bright colourer, and accurate describer of colours, outlines,
sensations, landscapes and things. In a word, Mrs. Murray is a
clever artist, who writes forcibly and agreeably.”--_Athenæum._
“Mrs. Elizabeth Murray is known to the artistic world as the
principal star of the Female Exhibition of Paintings. She left
England as she tells us, at eighteen, with all the hopes and
aspirations of an artist before her. At Morocco she becomes the wife
of a gentleman who is successively Consul at Tangiers and Teneriffe.
She has, in consequence, peculiar advantages for the observation of
Moorish and Spanish society, and as she possesses great observation
and wields the pen as cleverly as the pencil, she has produced a
book not only of interest, but of importance. In every way, whether
descriptive or anecdotal, the work claims to be placed amongst the
very best works of travel in the English Language.”--_Chronicle._
=REVELATIONS OF PRISON LIFE; WITH AN ENQUIRY INTO PRISON DISCIPLINE
AND SECONDARY PUNISHMENTS.= By GEORGE LAVAL CHESTERTON, 25 Years
Governor of the House of Correction at Cold-Bath Fields. Third
Edition, Revised. 1 vol.
“Mr. Chesterton has had a rare experience of human frailty. He has
lived with the felon, the forger, the _lorette_, the vagabond, the
murderer; has looked into the darkest sepulchres of the heart,
without finding reason to despair of mankind. In his belief the
worst of men have still some of the angel left. Such a testimony
from such a quarter is full of novelty as it is of interest. As a
curious bit of human history these volumes are remarkable. They are
very real, very simple; dramatic without exaggeration, philosophic
without being dull.”--_Athenæum._
=THE OLD COURT SUBURB; OR, MEMORIALS OF KENSINGTON; REGAL, CRITICAL,
AND ANECDOTICAL=. By LEIGH HUNT. Second Edition. 2 vols. post
8vo.
“A delightful book. It will be welcome to all readers, and
most welcome to those who have a love for the best kinds of
reading.”--_Examiner._
=MY EXILE.= BY ALEXANDER HERZEN. 2 vols.
"Mr. Herzen’s narrative, ably and unaffectedly written, and
undoubtedly authentic, is indeed superior in interest to nine-tenths
of the existing works on Russia."--_Athenæum._
=A PRACTICAL GUIDE IN OBTAINING PROBATES, ADMINISTRATIONS,= &c., in
Her Majesty’s Court of Probate; with numerous Precedents. By
EDWARD WEATHERLY, of Doctor’s Commons. Dedicated, by permission,
to the Right Hon. Sir CRESSWELL CRESSWELL, Judge of the New
Court of Probate. Cheaper Edition. 12s.
“A most valuable book. Its contents are very diversified--meeting
almost every use.”--_Solicitor’s Journal._
=ORIENTAL AND WESTERN SIBERIA; A NARRATIVE= OF SEVEN YEARS’
EXPLORATIONS AND ADVENTURES IN SIBERIA, MONGOLIA, THE KIRGHIS
STEPPES, CHINESE TARTARY, AND CENTRAL ASIA. By THOMAS WITLAM
ATKINSON. In one large volume, royal 8vo., Price £2. 2s.,
elegantly bound. Embellished with upwards of 50 Illustrations,
including numerous beautifully coloured plates, from drawings by
the Author, and a map.
"By virtue alike of its text and its pictures, we place this book
of travel in the first rank among those illustrated gift-books now
so much sought by the public. Mr. Atkinson’s book is most
readable. The geographer finds in it notice of ground heretofore
left undescribed, the ethnologist, geologist, and botanist, find
notes and pictures, too, of which they know the value, the
sportman’s taste is gratified by chronicles of sport, the lover of
adventure will find a number of perils and escapes to hang over,
and the lover of a frank good-humoured way of speech will find the
book a pleasant one in every page. Seven years of wandering,
thirty-nine thousand five hundred miles of moving to and fro in a
wild and almost unknown country, should yield a book worth
reading, and they do."--_Examiner._
“A book of travels which in value and sterling interest must take
rank as a landmark in geographical literature. Its coloured
illustrations and wood engravings are of a high order, and add a
great charm to the narrative. Mr. Atkinson has travelled where it is
believed no European has been before. He has seen nature in the
wildest, sublimest, and also the most beautiful aspects the old
world can present. These he has depicted by pen and pencil. He has
done both well. Many a fireside will rejoice in the determination
which converted the artist into an author. Mr. Atkinson is a
thorough Englishman, brave and accomplished, a lover of adventure
and sport of every kind. He knows enough of mineralogy, geology, and
botany to impart a scientific interest to his descriptions and
drawings; possessing a keen sense of humour, he tells many a racy
story. The sportsman and the lover of adventure, whether by flood or
field, will find ample stores in the stirring tales of his
interesting travels.”--_Daily News._
"An animated and intelligent narrative, appreciably enriching the
literature of English travel. Mr. Atkinson’s sketches were made by
express permission of the late Emperor of Russia. Perhaps no English
artist was ever before admitted into this enchanted land of history,
or provided with the talisman and amulet of a general passport; and
well has Mr. Atkinson availed himself of the privilege. Our extracts
will have served to illustrate the originality and variety of Mr.
Atkinson’s observations and adventures during his protracted
wanderings of nearly forty thousand miles. Mr. Atkinson’s pencil was
never idle, and he has certainly brought home with him the forms,
and colours, and other characteristics of a most extraordinary
diversity of groups and scenes. As a sportsman Mr. Atkinson enjoyed
a plenitude of excitement. His narrative is well stored with
incidents of adventure. His ascent of the Bielouka is a chapter of
the most vivid romance of travel, yet it is less attractive than his
relations of wanderings across the Desert of Gobi and up the Tangnou
Chain."--_Athenæum._
"We predict that Mr. Atkinson’s ‘Siberia’ will very often assume the
shape of a Christmas Present or New Year’s Gift, as it possesses, in
an eminent degree, four very precious and suitable qualities for
that purpose,--namely, usefulness, elegance, instruction and
novelty. It is a work of great value, not merely on account of its
splendid illustrations, but for the amount it contains of authentic
and highly interesting intelligence concerning regions which, in all
probability, has never, previous to Mr. Atkinson’s explorations,
been visited by an European. Mr. Atkinson’s adventures are told in a
manly style. The valuable and interesting information the book
contains, gathered at a vast expense, is lucidly arranged, and
altogether the work is one that the author-artist may well be proud
of, and with which those who study it cannot fail to be
delighted."--_John Bull._
“To the geographer, the geologist, the ethnographer, the sportsman,
and to those who read only for amusement, this will be an acceptable
volume. Mr. Atkinson is not only an adventurous traveller, but a
correct and amusing writer.”--_Literary Gazette._
=TRAVELS IN EASTERN AFRICA, WITH THE NARRATIVE OF A RESIDENCE IN
MOZAMBIQUE: 1856 to 1859.= By LYONS McLEOD, Esq. F.R.G.S., &c.
Late British Consul in Mozambique. 2 vols. With Map and
Illustrations.
=A JOURNEY ON A PLANK FROM KIEV TO EAUX-BONNES.= By LADY CHARLOTTE
PEPYS. 2 vols, with Illustrations. 21s. (_Just Ready_).
=LAKE NGAMI; OR EXPLORATIONS AND DISCOVERIES= DURING FOUR YEARS’
WANDERINGS IN THE WILDS OF SOUTH-WESTERN AFRICA. By CHARLES JOHN
ANDERSSON. 1 vol. royal 8vo., with Map and upwards of 50
Illustrations, representing Sporting Adventures, Subjects of
Natural History, &c. Second Edition.
“This narrative of African explorations and discoveries is one of
the most important geographical works that have lately appeared. It
contains the account of two journeys made between the years 1850 and
1854, in the first of which the countries of the Damaras and the
Ovambo, previously scarcely known in Europe, were explored; and in
the second the newly-discovered Lake Ngami was reached by a route
that had been deemed impracticable, but which proves to be the
shortest and the best. The work contains much scientific and
accurate information as to the geology, the scenery, products, and
resources of the regions explored, with notices of the religion,
manners, and customs of the native tribes. The continual sporting
adventures, and other remarkable occurrences, intermingled with the
narrative of travel, make the book as interesting to read as a
romance, as, Indeed, a good book of travels ought always to be. The
illustrations by Wolf are admirably designed, and most of them
represent scenes as striking as any witnessed by Jules Gérard or
Gordon Cumming.”--_Literary Gazette._
=THE OXONIAN IN THELEMARKEN;= OR, NOTES OF TRAVEL IN SOUTH-WESTERN
NORWAY, WITH GLANCES AT THE LEGENDARY LORE OF THAT DISTRICT. By
the Rev. F. METCALFE M.A., Fellow of Lincoln College. 2 vols.
with illustrations.
“This new book is as lively as its predecessor. Its matter is as
good, or better. The intermixture of legends and traditions with the
notes of travel adds to the real value of the work, and strengthens
its claim on a public that desires to be amused.”--_Examiner._
=THE OXONIAN IN NORWAY; OR, NOTES OF EXCURSIONS IN THAT COUNTRY=. By
the Rev. F. METCALFE, M.A., Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford.
New and Cheaper Edition, revised, 1 vol. post 8vo., with Map and
additional Illustrations.
"Mr. Metcalfe’s book is as full of facts and interesting
information as it can hold, and is interlarded with racy
anecdotes. Some of these are highly original and entertaining.
More than this, it is a truly valuable work, containing a fund of
information on the statistics, politics, and religion of the
countries visited."--_Blackwood’s Magazine._
=SIX YEARS IN RUSSIA. BY AN ENGLISH LADY.= 2 vols. post 8vo. with
Illustrations. 21s. bound.
=A SUMMER AND WINTER IN THE TWO SICILIES.= By JULIA KAVANAGH,
Author of “Nathalie,” “Adèle,” &c. 2 vols. post 8vo. with
illustrations, 21s. bound.
“Miss Kavanagh is a woman of genius and imagination. She has a
graceful and brilliant pen, much observation of character, and a
keen eye for the aspects of nature. Her volumes contain much that is
new. They are among the pleasantest volumes of travel we have lately
met with, and we can cordially recommend them. Readers will find in
these volumes the glow and colour of Italian skies, the rich and
passionate beauty of Italian scenery, and the fresh simplicity of
Southern life touched by the hand of an artist, and described by the
perceptions of a warm-hearted and sympathising woman.”--_The Press._
=THE JEWS IN THE EAST.= By the Rev. P. BEATON, M.A. From the German
of DR. FRANKL. 2 vols. 21s.
“Those persons who are curious in matters connected with Jerusalem
and its inhabitants, are strongly recommended to read this work,
which contains more information than is to be found in a dozen of
the usual books of travel.”--_Times._
“This book will richly reward perusal. We cordially recommend the
narrative for solid information given from an unusual point of view,
for power of description, for incident, and for details of manners,
domestic habits, traditions, &c.,”--_Globe._
“A very interesting work, one of the most original books of modern
travel, that we have encountered for a long time.”--_John Bull._
=CHOW-CHOW; BEING SELECTIONS FROM A JOURNAL, KEPT IN INDIA,= &c. By
the VISCOUNTESS FALKLAND. New and Revised Edition, 2 vols. 8vo.,
with Illustrations. 21s.
"Lady Falkland’s work may be read with interest and pleasure, and
the reader will rise from the perusal instructed as well as
amused."--_Athenæum._
=A PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-WEST PASSAGE=
with Numerous Incidents of Travel and Adventure during nearly
Five Years’ Continuous Service in the Arctic Regions while in
Search of the Expedition under Sir John Franklin. By ALEX.
ARMSTRONG, M.D., R.N., late Surgeon and Naturalist of H.M.S
‘Investigator.’ 1 vol. With Map and Plate, 16s.
“This book is sure to take a prominent position in every library in
which works of discovery and adventure are to be met with.”--_Daily
News._
=THE WANDERER IN ARABIA.= BY G. T. LOWTH, ESQ. 2 vols. post 8vo.
with Illustrations. 12s.
“Mr. Lowth has shown himself in these volumes to be an intelligent
traveller, a keen observer of nature, and an accomplished
artist.”--_Post._
=SPORTING ADVENTURES IN THE NEW WORLD; OR, DAYS AND NIGHTS OF MOOSE
HUNTING IN THE PINE FORESTS OF ACADIA.= By CAMPBELL HARDY, ROYAL
ARTILLERY. 2 vols. post 8vo. with illustrations. 12s.
“A spirited record of sporting adventures, very entertaining and
well worthy the attention of all sportsmen who desire some fresher
field than Europe can afford them.”--_Press._
=A PILGRIMAGE INTO DAUPHINE;= WITH A VISIT TO THE MONASTERY OF THE
GRANDE CHARTREUSE, AND ANECDOTES, INCIDENTS, AND SKETCHES FROM
TWENTY DEPARTMENTS OF FRANCE. By the REV. G. M. MUSGRAVE, A.M. 2
vols. with Illustrations.
=FAMILY ROMANCE; OR, DOMESTIC ANNALS OF THE ARISTOCRACY.= By SIR
BERNARD BURKE, ULSTER KING OF ARMS. 2 vols. post 8vo. 21s.
Among the many other interesting legends and romantic family
histories comprised in these volumes, will be found the
following:--The wonderful narrative of Maria Stella, Lady
Newborough, who claimed on such strong evidence to be a Princess of
the House of Orleans, and disputed the identity of Louis
Philippe--The story of the humble marriage of the beautiful Countess
of Strathmore, and the sufferings and fate of her only child--The
Leaders of Fashion, from Gramont to D’Orsay--The rise of the
celebrated Baron Ward, now Prime Minister at Parma--The curious
claim to the Earldom of Crawford--The Strange Vicissitudes of our
Great Families, replete with the most romantic details--The story of
the Kirkpatricks of Closeburn (the ancestors of the French Empress),
and the remarkable tradition associated with them--The Legend of the
Lambtons--The verification in our own time of the famous prediction
as to the Earls of Mar--Lady Ogilvy’s escape--The Beresford and
Wynyard ghost stories, &c.
"It were impossible to praise too highly as a work of amusement
these two most interesting volumes, whether we should have regard to
its excellent plan or its not less excellent execution. The volumes
are just what ought to be found on every drawing-room table. Here
you have nearly fifty captivating romances with the pith of all
their interest preserved in undiminished poignancy, and any one may
be read in half an hour. It is not the least of their merits that
the romances are founded on fact--or what, at least, has been handed
down for truth by long tradition--and the romance of reality far
exceeds the romance of fiction. Each story is told in the clear,
unaffected style with which the author’s former works have made the
public familiar."--_Standard._
=THE ROMANCE OF THE FORUM; OR, NARRATIVES, SCENES, AND ANECDOTES
FROM COURTS OF JUSTICE. SECOND SERIES.= By PETER BURKE, ESQ., of
the Inner Temple Barrister-at-Law. 2 vols. post 8vo. 12s.
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS:--Lord Crichton’s Revenge--The Great Douglas
Cause--Lord and Lady Kinnaird--Marie Delorme and Her Husband--The
Spectral Treasure--Murders in Inns of Court--Matthieson the
Forger--Trials that established the Illegality of Slavery--The Lover
Highwayman--The Accusing Spirit--The Attorney-General of the Reign
of Terror--Eccentric Occurrences in the Law--Adventuresses of
Pretended Rank--The Courier of Lyons--General Sarrazin’s Bigamy--The
Elstree Murder--Count Bocarmé and his wife--Professor Webster, &c.
“The favour with which the first series of this publication was
received, has induced Mr. Burke to extend his researches, which
he has done with great judgment. The incidents forming the
subject of the second series are as extraordinary in every
respect, as those which obtained so high a meed of celebrity for
the first.”--_Messenger._
=THE MAN OF THE PEOPLE.= By WILLIAM HOWITT. 3 vols. post 8vo. (_Just
Ready_).
=SONGS OF THE CAVALIERS AND ROUNDHEADS, JACOBITE BALLADS,= &c. By G.
W. THORNBURY. 1 vol. with numerous Illustrations by H. S. MARKS.
Elegantly bound. 6s.
"Mr. Thornbury has produced a volume of songs and ballads worthy to
rank with Macaulay’s or Aytoun’s Lays."--_Chronicle._ “Those who
love picture, life, and costume in song will here find what they
love.”--_Athenæum._
=POEMS.= BY THE AUTHOR OF “JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN,” "A WOMAN’S
THOUGHTS ABOUT WOMEN," &c. 1 vol. with Illustrations by BIRKET
FOSTER. 10s. 6d. bound.
"A volume of poems which will assuredly take its place with those
of Goldsmith, Gray, and Cowper, on the favourite shelf of every
Englishman’s library. We discover in these poems all the firmness,
vigour, and delicacy of touch which characterise the author’s
prose works, and in addition, an ineffable tenderness and grace,
such as we find in few poetical compositions besides those of
Tennyson."--_Illustrated News of the World._
“We are well pleased with these poems by our popular novelist. They
are the expression of genuine thoughts, feelings, and aspirations,
and the expression is almost always graceful, musical and
well-coloured. A high, pure tone of morality pervades each set of
verses, and each strikes the reader as inspired by some real event,
or condition of mind, and not by some idle fancy or fleeting
sentiment”--_Spectator._
=A LIFE FOR A LIFE.= By the Author of “JOHN HALIFAX GENTLEMAN,” &c.
"In ‘A Life for a Life’ the author is fortunate in a good subject,
and she has produced a work of strong effect. The reader, having
read the book through for the story, will be apt (if he be of our
persuasion) to return and read again many pages and passages with
greater pleasure than on a first perusal. The whole book is replete
with a graceful, tender delicacy; and, in addition to its other
merits, it is written in good, careful English."--_Athenæum._
"This book is signally the best its author has yet produced. The
interest is intense, and is everywhere admirably sustained. Incident
abounds, and both dialogue and style are natural and flowing. Great
delicacy in the development of character, and a subtle power of
self-analysis are conspicuous in ‘A Life for a Life,‘ while the
purity of its religious views, and the elevation--the grandeur,
indeed--of its dominating sentiments, render its influences in every
sense healthy and invigorating."--_The Press._
"‘A Life for a Life’ is one of the best of the author’s works. We
like it better than ‘John Halifax.’ It is a book we should like
every member of every family in England to read."--_Herald._
=REALITIES OF PARIS LIFE.= By the Author of “FLEMISH INTERIORS,” &c.
3 vols. with Illustrations. 31s. 6d.
"‘Realities of Paris Life’ Is a good addition to Paris books, and
important as affording true and sober pictures of the Paris
poor."--_Athenæum._
“There is much new matter pleasantly put together in these volumes.
Their merit will commend itself to all readers.”--_Examiner._
=NOVELS AND NOVELISTS, FROM ELIZABETH TO VICTORIA.= By J. C.
JEAFFRESON, ESQ. 2 vols. with Portraits. 21s.
=THE RIDES AND REVERIES OF MR. ÆSOP SMITH.= By MARTIN F. TUPPER,
D.C.L., F.R.S., Author of “Proverbial Philosophy,” “Stephen
Langton,” &c., 1 vol. post 8vo.
"This work will do good service to Mr. Tupper’s literary reputation.
It combines with lucidity and acuteness of judgment, freshness of
fancy and elegance of sentiment. In its cheerful and instructive
pages sound moral principles are forcibly inculcated, and everyday
truths acquire an air of novelty, and are rendered peculiarly
attractive by being expressed in that epigrammatic language which so
largely contributed to the popularity of the author’s former work,
entitled ‘Proverbial Philosophy.’"--_Morning Post._
=A MOTHER’S TRIAL.= By the Author of “THE DISCIPLINE OF LIFE,” “THE
TWO BROTHERS,” &c. 1 vol. with Illustrations, by BIRKET FOSTER.
7s. 6d. bound.
"‘A Mother’s Trial,’ by Lady Emily Ponsonby, is a work we
can recommend. It breathes purity and refinement in every
page.“--_Leader._
=SEVEN YEARS.=
By JULIA KAVANAGH.
Author of ”NATHALIE," 3 vols.
"Nothing can be better of its kind than Miss Kavanagh’s ‘Seven
Years.’ The story never flags in interest, so life-like are the
characters that move in it, so natural the incidents, and so genuine
the emotions they excite in persons who have taken fast hold on our
sympathy.“--_Spectator._
=LUCY CROFTON.=
By the Author of ”MARGARET MAITLAND."
1 vol.
“This is a charming novel. The characters are excellent; the plot is
well defined and new; and the interest is kept up with an intensity
which is seldom met with in these days. The author deserves our
thanks for one of the most pleasant books of the season”--_Herald._
=THE WOOD-RANGERS.=
By CAPTAIN MAYNE REID.
From the French of Louis de Bellemare.
3 vols., with illustrations.
=THE LITTLE BEAUTY.=
By MRS. GREY,
Author of "THE GAMBLER’S WIFE.“ 3 v.
=MR. AND MRS. ASHETON.=
By the Author of ”MARGARET AND HER
BRIDESMAIDS." 3 vols.
=THE WAY OF THE WORLD.=
By ALISON REED. 3 vols.
“There is a spell and fascination upon one from the first page to
the last.”--_John Bull._
=ALMOST A HEROINE.=
By the Author of “CHARLES AUCHESTER,”
&c. 3 vols.
"This novel is the author’s best."--_Herald._
=WAIT AND HOPE.=
By JOHN EDMUND READE. 3 vols.
"‘Wait and Hope’ reminds us of the style of Godwin."--_Athenæum._
=RAISED TO THE PEERAGE.=
By MRS. OCTAVIUS OWEN. 3 vols.
"‘Raised to the Peerage’ possesses very many of the requisites of a
really good novel."--_Examiner._
=FEMALE INFLUENCE.=
By LADY CHARLOTTE PEPYS, 2 vols.
=LETHELIER.=
by E. HENEAGE DERING, Esq.
2 vols.
=THE QUEEN Of HEARTS.=
By WILKIE COLLINS. 3 vols.
"‘The Queen of Hearts’ is such a fascinating creature that we cannot
choose but follow her through the pages with something of a lover’s
tenderness. As for the three old men, they are as good in their way
as the Brothers Cheeryble of immortal memory.“--_Literary Gazette._
=STEPHAN LANGTON.=
By MARTIN F. TUFFER. D.C.L. F.R.S.
Author of ”PROVERBIAL PHILOSOPHY,"
&c., 2 vols. with fine engravings.
“These volumes are pre-eminently qualified to attract attention both
from their peculiar style and their great ability. The author has
long been celebrated for his attainments in literary creation, but
the present work is incomparably superior to anything he has
hitherto produced.”--_Sun._
=CREEDS.=
By the Author of “THE MORALS OF
MAY FAIR.” 3 vols.
“This is a novel of strong dramatic situation, powerful plot,
alluring and continuous interest, admirably defined characters,
and much excellent remark upon human motives and social
positions.”--_Literary Gazette._
=THE LEES OF BLENDON HALL.=
By the Author of “ALICE WENTWORTH.”
“A powerful and well-sustained story of strong
interest.”--_Athenæum._
=NEWTON DOGVANE.=
A Story of English Life.
By FRANCIS FRANCIS.
With Illustrations by LEECH. 3 vols.
“A capital sporting novel.”--_Chronicle._
=HELEN LINDSAY;=
Or, THE TRIAL OF FAITH.
By A CLERGYMAN’S DAUGHTER. 2 vols.
=WOODLEIGH.=
By the Author of “WILDFLOWER,”
“ONE AND TWENTY,” &c. 3 vols.
=BENTLEY PRIORY.=
By MRS. HASTINGS PARKER. 3 vols.
“An acquisition to novel-readers from its brilliant descriptions,
sparkling style, and interesting story.”--_Sun._
NOW IN COURSE OF PUBLICATION.
HURST AND BLACKETT’S STANDARD LIBRARY
OF CHEAP EDITIONS OF
POPULAR MODERN WORKS.
Each in a single volume, elegantly printed, bound, and illustrated,
price 5s.
A volume to appear every two months. The following are now ready.
----------
=VOL. I.--SAM SLICK’S NATURE AND HUMAN NATURE.=
ILLUSTRATED BY LEECH.
"The first volume of Messrs. Hurst and Blackett’s Standard Library
of Cheap Editions of Popular Modern Works forms a very good
beginning to what will doubtless be a very successful undertaking.
‘Nature and Human Nature’ is one of the best of Sam Slick’s witty
and humorous productions, and well entitled to the large circulation
which it cannot fail to obtain in its present convenient and cheap
shape. The volume combines with the great recommendations of a
clear, bold type, and good paper, the lesser, but still attractive
merits, of being well illustrated and elegantly bound"--_Morning
Post._
"This new and cheap edition of Sam Slick’s popular work will be an
acquisition to all lovers of wit and humour. Mr. Justice
Haliburton’s writings are so well known to the English public that
no commendation is needed. The volume is very handsomely bound and
illustrated, and the paper and type are excellent. It is in every
way suited for a library edition, and as the names of Messrs. Hurst
and Blackett, warrant the character of the works to be produced in
their Standard Library, we have no doubt the project will be
eminently successful."--_Sun._
=VOL. II.--JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN.=
“This is a very good and a very interesting work. It is designed
to trace the career from boyhood to age of a perfect man--a
Christian gentleman, and it abounds in incident both well and
highly wrought. Throughout it is conceived in a high spirit, and
written with great ability, better than any former work, we think,
of its deservedly successful author. This cheap and handsome new
edition is worthy to pass freely from hand to hand, as a gift book
in many households.”--_Examiner._
"The new and cheaper edition of this interesting work will doubtless
meet with great success. John Halifax, the hero of this most
beautiful story, is no ordinary hero, and this, his history, is no
ordinary book. It is a full-length portrait of a true gentleman, one
of nature’s own nobility. It is also the history of a home and a
thoroughly English one. The work abounds in incident, and many of
the scenes are full of graphic power and true pathos. It is a book
that few will read without becoming wiser and better."--_Scotsman._
=VOL. III.--THE CRESCENT AND THE CROSS.=
BY ELIOT WARBURTON.
“Independent of its value as an original narrative, and its useful
and interesting information, this work is remarkable for the
colouring power and play of fancy with which its descriptions are
enlivened. Among its greatest and most lasting charms is its
reverent and serious spirit.”--_Quarterly Review._
"A book calculated to prove more practically useful was never penned
than ‘The Crescent and the Cross’--a work which surpasses all others
in its homage for the sublime and its love for the beautiful in
those famous regions consecrated to everlasting immortality in the
annals of the prophets, and which no other writer has ever depicted
with a pencil at once so reverent and so picturesque."--_Sun._
=VOL. IV.--NATHALIE. BY MISS KAVANAGH.=
"‘Nathalie’, is Miss Kavanagh’s best imaginative effort. Its manner
is gracious and attractive. Its matter is good. A sentiment, a
tenderness, are commanded by her which are as individual as they are
elegant. We should not soon come to an end were we to specify all
the delicate touches and attractive pictures which place ‘Nathalie’
high among books of its class."--_Athenæum._
“A tale of untiring interest, full of deep touches of human nature.
We have no hesitation in predicting for this delightful tale a
lasting popularity, and a place in the foremost ranks of that most
instructive kind of fiction--the moral novel.”--_John Bull._
"A more judicious selection than ‘Nathalie’ could not have been made
for Messrs. Hurst and Blackett’s Standard Library. The series as it
advances realises our first impression, that it will be one of
lasting celebrity."--_Literary Gazette._
=VOL. V.--A WOMAN’S THOUGHTS ABOUT WOMEN.=
BY THE AUTHOR OF “JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN.”
“A book of sound counsel. It is one of the most sensible works of
its kind, well-written, true-hearted, and altogether practical.
Whoever wishes to give advice to a young lady may thank the author
for means of doing so.”--_Examiner._
"The author of ‘John Halifax’ will retain and extend her hold
upon the reading and reasonable public by the merits of her
present work, which bears the stamp of good sense and genial
feeling."--_Guardian._
“These thoughts are good and humane. They are thoughts we would wish
women to think”--_Athenæum._
"This really valuable volume ought to be in every young woman’s
hand. It will teach her how to think and how to act. We are glad to
see it in this Standard Library."--_Literary Gazette._
=VOL. VI.--ADAM GRAEME, OF MOSSGRAY.=
BY THE AUTHOR OF “MRS. MARGARET MAITLAND.”
“‘Adam Graeme’ is a story awakening genuine emotions of interest and
delight by its admirable pictures of Scottish life and scenery. The
plot is cleverly complicated, and there is great vitality in the
dialogue, and remarkable brilliancy in the descriptive passages, as
who that has read ‘Margaret Maitland’ would not be prepared to
expect? But the story has a ‘mightier magnet still,’ in the healthy
tone which pervades it, in its feminine delicacy of thought and
diction, and in the truly womanly tenderness of its sentiments. The
eloquent author sets before us the essential attributes of Christian
virtue, their deep and silent workings in the heart, and their
beautiful manifestations in the life, with a delicacy, a power, and
a truth which can hardly be surpassed."--_Morning Post._
“‘Adam Graeme’ is full of eloquent writing and description. It is an
uncommon work, not only in the power of the style, in the interest
of the narrative, and in the delineation of character, but in the
lessons it teaches."--_Sun._
=VOL. VII.--SAM SLICK’S WISE SAWS
AND MODERN INSTANCES.=
"The best of all Judge Haliburton’s admirable works. It is one of
the pleasantest books we ever read, and we earnestly recommend
it."--_Standard._
"The humour of Sam Slick is inexhaustible. He is ever and everywhere
a welcome visitor; smiles greet his approach, and wit and wisdom
hang upon his tongue. The present production is remarkable alike for
its racy humour, its sound philosophy, the felicity of its
illustrations, and the delicacy of its satire. We promise our
readers a great treat from the perusal of these ‘Wise Saws and
Modern Instances,’ which contain a world of practical wisdom, and a
treasury of the richest fun."--_Post._
=VOL. VIII.--CARDINAL WISEMAN’S RECOLLECTIONS
OF THE LAST FOUR POPES.=
“There is no dynasty of European sovereigns about which we English
entertain so much vague curiosity, or have so little information, as
about the successors to the Popedom. Cardinal Wiseman is just the
author to meet this curiosity. His book is the lively record of what
he has himself seen, and what none but himself, perhaps, has had so
good an opportunity of thoroughly estimating. There is a gossipping,
all-telling style about the book which is certain to make it popular
with English readers.”--_John Bull._
“A picturesque book on Rome and its ecclesiastical sovereigns, by an
eloquent Roman Catholic. Cardinal Wiseman has here treated a special
subject with so much generality and geniality, that his
recollections will excite no ill-feeling in those who are most
conscientiously opposed to every idea of human infallibility
represented in Papal domination.”--_Athenæum._
“In the description of the scenes, the ceremonies, the
ecclesiastical society, the manners and habits of Sacerdotal Rome,
this work is unrivalled. It is full of anecdotes. We could fill
columns with amusing extracts.”--_Chronicle._
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s Note
There are several anomolies in the footnoting. In the original,
there is a single footnote 1 in the Preface, and the numbering
begins again at the opening of the first chapter. The sequence
continues to 99, and then restarts with 1. This is repeated several
times. There are also several notes which are denoted only with a
traditional asterisk. On occasion, footnotes appear out of order.
There is no apparent reason for the dual system, and it seems most
likely that the non-numeric references were added later, after the
numbering had been completed, and were used to avoid the need to
re-sequence work already done.
For this text, all footnotes have been re-sequenced numerically
across the whole volume, to assure uniqueness. They will appear in
the correct order.
There was a unaccountable gap in the numbering between note 14 (now
317) on p. 304 and note 27 on the following page. That gap has been
closed.
The footnote number ‘59’ (now 159) on p. 150 was missing, and was
restored here. The same problem occurred on p. 188. Note 8 (now 206)
has been restored.
Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected,
and are noted here.
Given the frequent quotations, it was inevitable that opening and
closing quotation marks would sometimes be lost or misplaced. A
sampling of these problematic passages reveals that the author has a
tendency to paraphrase and otherwise misquote. They are placed here
where the context or voice makes their position obvious, or where an
inspection of the original sources was possible and allowed for the
proper placement.
Where, in resolving these discrepancies, it was found that the
reference to sources were themselves incorrect, the correction has
been made. Since there is no bibliography specifying the edition of
the author’s sources, these corrections were made only where the
error was obvious. For instance, in a passage on pp. 136-137,
footnote 140, referring to State Paper, cxlii., No 13, was can be
validated, however the matter referred to in the following note,
incorrectly identifies the paragraph as No. 15, rather than No. 45,
where the paraphrased quotation can be found. Again, no attempt was
made to validate the accuracy of these attributions except where the
problematic printings of quotations were being resolved.
The references below are to the page and line in the original. Where
three numbers are referenced, the second refers to a note on that
page, and the third to the line therein.
9.4 in returning to land at Southampton,[”] Added.
34.3 King Philip, followed by his [thaclow], _Sic_: ?
Don Carlos
37.8 Buckingham added in a post[s]cript Added.
43.11 two pairs of pearl-shaped ear-rings, _sic_ no “
marvellous great.[”]
70.15 now that he was going to the House of Added.
Rinmon.[”]
80.15 [“]pious endeavours would fill the King Added.
80.28 guided by wor[l]dly wisdom Added.
105.8 and others, [“]to bargain for them, Removed.
137.4 leaving his minister to his fate.[”] Removed.
137.141.1 State Papers, clxii., No. [15/45] Replaced.
154.152.1 Brodie’s Co[r/n]. Hist., vol. ii., p. 128, Replaced.
note.
155.163.1 Brodie’s Co[r/n]. Hist., vol. ii., p. 128, Replaced.
note.
168.25 The Earl of Holland had had,[”] says Removed.
Bishop Hacket,
183.16 [“]a feather made with great diamonds Added.
182.18 all studded with diamonds,[”] Added.
184.2 all [‘]things suitable.[’/”] [“]His other Removed/Replaced/Added.
suits,” adds the narrator
184.24 were provided with three rich suits a[ Removed.
]piece
232.3 [“]a disease which all the drugs of Asia Added. Pro
237.21 that would give him no rest.[”] Added.
238.19 it is dated, “Burghley, 18th July, Added.
1625.[”]>
247.267.5 Macpherson’s History of Commerce[./,] Replaced.
305.8 [“]who exclaimed, ‘They are worse than Added.
devils who say so.’”
308.22 to register the edicts of the Crown[”] Added. Probable.