Contents

INTRODUCTION 1

TWO GENERAL MIGRATION ROUTES 2

WHALE WATERS--SUMMER AND WINTER 5

FEEDING--FILTER WHALES 6

EVOLUTION OF WHALES 10

Breathing Adaptations 10

Swimming Adaptations 11

WHALE TYPES 15

Porpoises and Dolphins 15

Squid Eaters 18

Filter Whales 18

SIGNIFICANCE OF BLUBBER 19

Heat Conservation 19

Buoyancy 20

Food Storage 20

SEXUAL MATURITY 21

LIFE SPAN 21

WHALE INTELLIGENCE 23

WHALE SENSES 23

Sight 23

Hearing 23

Smell 24

HABITS 24

ENEMIES 25

Killer Whales 25

Parasites 25

WHALE ABNORMALITIES 26

INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE OF WHALES 26

CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE 28

Evolutionary Place 28

Geographic Distribution 29

Shore Habits 30

Scientific Description 31

Reaction to Whaling 33

How Do They Sleep? 33

Migration Groupings 34

Breaching 35

WHALING 36

Whalers As Explorers 37

Prehistoric Whaling 37

Historic Whaling 39

Modern Whaling 42

EXAMPLE OF UNREGULATED WHALING 47

California Gray Whale 47

GRAY WHALE PROTECTED 48

VALUE OF GRAY WHALE 48

Esthetic 48

Scientific 49

Commercial 49

NATURAL POPULATION CONTROLS 51

CURRENT SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY 52

Life Expectancy 52

Age Determination 52

Distribution and Population Rise 53

APPENDIX 55

[Illustration: Migration routes of the California gray whale. The

Korean herd may now be extinct.]

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