CHAPTER XV

CONCLUSION

The great fascination of monumental brasses can only be realised by

studying them on the spot. One of the best methods is to take rubbings

of them.

Most of our readers doubtless know the method, but since a few may not,

some particulars are appended.

A piece of cobblers wax should be procured from some boot repairer.

The black kind is the only one which produces satisfactory results

on white paper. It can usually be got in small lumps about the size

of a halfpenny across. Melt down six of these to make a single ball.

Procure a roll of plain white ceiling paper, the thinner the better,

from a paper-hanger’s. It should cost from 6_d._ to 8_d._ according to

quality. A penny nail-brush and a duster complete the outfit.

First ask permission from the Rector or Vicar. This should not be

omitted, and will avoid unpleasantness. The clergy are usually most

considerate in the matter, and very rarely refuse. But naturally they

do not like absolute strangers to take rubbings without first asking

permission. So far as the writer knows, permission is refused only at

_two_ churches, though probably there are a few others. In those cases

the reason given was that it wore away the brass. We have never seen

any real cause to think this can be correct. If we did, we should be

the last to advocate brass-rubbing.

There _is_ a kind of rubbing which does damage. Well-meaning vergers

have been known to _polish_ an old brass. This is absolutely

destructive of the engraving.

Permission granted, remove the mat which probably covers and protects

it. Brush off the accumulated dust, finishing off with the duster. Then

carefully spread the paper over it and fix it down by weights round the

edge. For these, hassocks are handy; prayer-books should be avoided,

their misuse causes offence.

Then rub the paper down well with a _clean_ part of the duster, so as

to mark the main features and edges, and after that the rubbing with

the wax ball itself will be easy.

The aim should be to produce a clear, dark impression. To get it, the

rubbing must be hard and the paper must not slip. If there is a canopy,

it will probably be found that the wax will mark parts of the paper

beyond the design itself. In such a case, the rubbing should be cut

out and mounted on paper or calico. Paste is better than gum for this

purpose. The rubbing should always be polished by rubbing over with a

clean part of the duster _before_ being removed from the brass.

The completed rubbing may be mounted on rollers.

A good way of cataloguing, is to photograph each rubbing, mount a print

in a book, and then number and name print and rubbing alike.

The proper treatment of the brasses themselves demands considerable

attention. We spend huge sums on buying old pictures by foreigners, yet

we take no trouble to preserve these matchless works of art, the work

of our own ancestors.

There have been four great periods of destruction, each with its own

characteristics. Indeed, from the Reformation down to the present day

the work has gone on intermittently.

During the sixteenth century, the extreme Reformers united with those

bent on plunder to rob our churches of these monuments. Brass has at

all times been a valuable metal, and when religious zeal is combined

with greed of gain, it is not surprising that thousands of brasses

perished. The destruction of the great monastic churches brought with

it of necessity the spoliation of their tombs which stood within; but

even the parish churches were not safe. So keen was the thirst for

plunder that the ministers of Edward VI confiscated even the church

plate and the money for the poor.

Elizabeth,--all credit to her,--disapproved of such conduct and ordered

that the plate should be replaced, though at whose cost is unknown;

and, further, that all monuments broken down should be restored. If

possible, this was to be done at the cost of those who had wrought the

damage, otherwise the parish was to bear the burden.

The latter command seems to have been but slightly enforced, and there

are but few examples of Elizabethan restoration of earlier monuments or

brasses, though a few do exist.

During the seventeenth century, the Parliamentarians wrought tremendous

havoc, but have had more than their fair share credited to them. Nearly

as much destruction was wrought during the eighteenth century through

neglect, and often these losses are laid to the door of the Puritans by

the modern guide.

But perhaps the most lamentable devastations are those wrought in the

nineteenth century. They were usually done by those who claimed to

be “restoring” their parish churches. For example, while restoring a

certain country church some twenty or thirty years ago, the architect

found there were several old brasses which were being abominably

treated. He informed a well-known firm of art metal workers, who sent

down one of the partners. He found the workmen using one of the figures

as a frying-pan over a wood fire in the churchyard! He rescued it,

and many others which had been thrown out into the churchyard. Then

he brought the matter to the notice of the incumbent, who absolutely

refused to have anything to do with them, and declared that he would

not have them in the church. Further, he told the partner that he could

take them away. The latter hesitated to do so, and left them behind. A

few days later, he received a box containing them. Not knowing what to

do with them, he stored them away and forgot all about them.

Some twenty years later, they were re-discovered by his son, who showed

them to some friends, and in the end he returned them to the church,

suggesting that they should be restored to their proper places. He

never even received an acknowledgement, but learnt later they were

still lying neglected in the box.

The little value attached by many to brasses may be judged from the

fact that Gilbert Scott replaced the fine brass at St John’s College,

Cambridge, beneath the organ loft; and Pearson hid another away in the

crypt of Truro. Often this scant respect was not shown, and they were

sold as old metal, or, at best, torn from their stone matrices and

fixed to a wall.

This latter is a constant trick of restorers, and should be strongly

discouraged. Within the last year it has happened at Merstham, Surrey,

and, indeed, hardly a year passes but it takes place somewhere.

Firstly, the stone should not be removed at all, if in its original

spot it marks the grave of the deceased, and this alone should be a

sufficient reason for not removing it. If it must be removed and placed

against the wall, the whole stone should be moved, and not merely the

brass. Brass and stone are one and should not be separated. They may

fitly be compared to a jewel and its setting.

Moreover, in raising them, the brasses become bent and twisted, and

parts are nearly always lost. Further, if in its original matrix, one

can fairly accurately judge of what is missing and, if it is desired,

restore it.

Sometimes the excuse given for the removal is that it is to preserve

them from the wear of people walking over them. This can be far better

done by placing carpet or matting over them.

Even where only the matrix remains, it should be carefully preserved,

as it is often of considerable interest and always the remnant of

ancient work. They are of far more interest than a series of slabs of

black and white marble or a series of modern machine-made tiles.

In some cases they might be carefully restored. The matrix gives a

very faithful guide, and sometimes descriptions still exist. In the

case where only part of the brass is lost, this should most certainly

be done. Recently the author helped to restore an old brass at Shere,

Surrey, the cost of the work being most generously borne by the Rector

(Mr Hill).

John Touchet, Lord Audley, was executed on the charge of high treason

by Henry VII in 1490. An altar tomb was set up in his memory about

1525. It showed a figure in armour with a marginal inscription on a

chamfered edge. About 1745 the tomb was destroyed, and the top slab

laid in the floor of the chancel. As the chamfered edge would thus be

hidden, some person stole the brass fillet. About 1800 the lower half

of the effigy was also stolen. When the church was restored in 1896,

a parishioner gave the Rector a piece of the inscription which she

had found hidden away in an old cottage she had recently bought. Not

knowing to what figure it belonged, he fastened it to a window sill.

Recently the writer drew his attention to the fact that it undoubtedly

belonged to the mutilated figure, and suggested that a fresh matrix

should be cut round the edge of the stone, and that the remainder of

the inscription and the legs should be restored. To this he agreed, and

the work was carefully executed by Messrs Gawthorp of 16, Long Acre.

Fortunately the piece of inscription contained almost all the personal

details save the year of Touchet’s death. This was discovered from

documentary evidence to be 1490. A description of the legs was also

found, taken just before they were stolen. This was fortunate, as one

would not otherwise have known that there was a greyhound _between_

his feet. Our thanks are due to Mr Mill Stephenson for much valuable

advice and information. Every care was taken to make the new work

as exactly like the old in colour and engraving as possible. But to

prevent deception, each new piece was marked on the back with the date,

1911, and, further, a careful rubbing was taken before the restoration,

showing the old work and the matrix, and this was framed and hung in

the South Porch.

The matrix of a fine cross with a prior kneeling at the foot was

restored some years ago at Ely.

Where a brass is loose, it should be refixed. Palimpsests may cause

some difficulty. By far the best method is to have careful electrotypes

made of the reverses and fastened up in the church, and the originals

should then be permanently refixed in their matrices.

One cannot close without emphasizing the terrible destruction of these

priceless works of art.

In St Albans Abbey, a few years ago, no less than 270 matrices were

counted. Durham Cathedral, once paved with brasses, has not _one_ left!

These matrices should be preserved, and, as yet, a complete catalogue

of them has not been made. It is to be hoped that some antiquary will

ere long undertake the task. There are still a great number--perhaps

6000--and often of unique interest. In several cases these slabs are

older than the earliest surviving brasses. For example, the earliest

of all is at St Paul’s, Bedford. It is believed to commemorate Sir

Simon de Beauchamp, 1208, mentioned by Leland. There was a large cross

5 ft. 9 in. × 2 ft. 6 in. springing from a plate with an inscription,

and having a small shield on either side of the head. There was also a

border fillet.

Again, there is a splendid matrix at Durham, now carefully protected

beneath a thick carpet. It is to Bp. Beaumont, 1333, and is larger and

finer than any brass now extant, measuring 15 ft. × 10 ft. As a very

complete description of it exists in a sixteenth century book, it would

be comparatively easy to restore it to its former magnificence. And

it must have been a splendid brass! The bishop is in full canonicals

and a small angel censing him on either side, he stands beneath a fine

triple canopy with super-canopy and saints. The shafts contain niches

with the apostles, and on either side are side shafts connected to

the canopy by flying buttresses and containing twelve figures of his

ancestors. There are two lions beneath his feet and a border fillet,

besides other interesting details. Is it too much to hope that some day

money will be forthcoming to restore it?

Though we advocate a judicious restoration, it must be _well_ done,

or not at all. We all know the harm that has been wrought by zealous

“restorers” of our churches, and we must not allow the same evil to

befall the brasses.

The right lines to follow, in the author’s opinion, have already been

described. The _wrong_ way is to break the following rules:

(1) Never destroy any of the original brass.

(2) Never destroy the original matrix, and always let it act as

a guide.

(3) Be sure and use the proper alloy. The old latten is of

different alloy from the ordinary brass of modern commerce,

which is much softer.

(4) Do not get an amateur or a local artist, who has had little

or no experience in this kind of work, to do it. Go to one of

the few firms which have made a special study of this kind of

work. They may seem a little expensive, but in the end it is

well worth the difference.

(5) If you want advice, write to the Monumental Brass Society,

London, or, if you prefer it, to the author, who would always

be glad to help in any way he could.

(6) See if there are any rubbings or description extant in the

British Museum or elsewhere.

Perhaps this is an appropriate place at which to draw attention to the

latent possibilities of a revival of brasses for modern memorials.

When one reflects on the over-crowded state of some of our finest

cathedrals with hideous and cumbersome monuments, the desirability

of this revival becomes apparent. They would take up practically no

space, and therefore would not interfere with the architecture of the

building, as do the statues in Westminster Abbey. They are in keeping

with the Gothic style of most of our churches. If good, they can be of

considerable beauty and interest; if bad, a mat readily hides them from

view.

One difficulty undoubtedly obtrudes itself, viz. modern dress. However,

both Church and Army lend themselves to picturesque and fortuitous

treatment. For the civilian, university gowns, mayoral and civic robes

and even court dress are quite amenable to the engraver’s art.

As to women’s attire, a simple arrangement of veil or scarf about the

head would be acceptable and dignified, in conjunction with garments

of flowing and harmonious lines. Grotesque contours and eccentric

mannerisms of attire would naturally be avoided. In this matter one

need but follow in the steps of the old engravers.

The faces would either be portraits or not, as seemed desirable to

those who had the brass laid down.

Two types might be followed:

(1) The old Gothic, with the figures recumbent, in which case

the brass should be placed on the floor.

(2) The Renaissance, with the figure kneeling, as in many of

the Elizabethan examples. These should be affixed to the wall.

The faults of these latter are usually:

(_a_) Thin metal.

(_b_) Too much detail.

(_c_) Lack of depth in graving.

All these defects could be avoided to-day.

Certain modern specimens do exist, but cannot, as a rule, be placed in

the front rank. An exception must be made in favour of a modern brass

on the old lines laid down by Messrs Gawthorp at Islip, Northants.

It is meant to replace a fifteenth century brass long since entirely

vanished. A civilian and his wife, in the dress of c. 1460, stand

beneath a double canopy, and the effect is most pleasing.

There is also a rather fine one to W. S. Sanders, Rector of St

Nicholas, Guildford, 1901, and two in Westminster Abbey.

But so far no really fine example showing the figures in modern dress

has been laid down. In the author’s opinion, it is to be hoped that the

art of enamelling brasses will not be restored to favour at the same

time. Nor does he consider that the engraved lines should be filled in

with coloured matter or black wax.

In conclusion; if even a few, by reading this little book, are

persuaded to study and help to preserve the ancient relics of the past,

the author will feel that it has not been written in vain.

There is undoubtedly a decided awakening of interest in the subject,

but it behoves us to exert ourselves to make _all_ realize how

priceless are the four thousand which alone survive out of the large

number (some 150,000, including inscriptions) which were at one time or

another laid down.

APPENDIX

I. 1277-1327

Nearly life-size figures are marked with a star, and d = demi.

/#

Sir John Daubernon, Stoke d’Abernon, Surrey, 1277. *

Sir Roger de Trumpington, Trumpington, Cambs., 1289. *

Sir Rich. de Boselyngthorpe, Buslingthorpe, Lincs., c. 1290. d

Unknown Knight, Croft, Lincs., c. 1300. d

Sir Robert de Bures, Acton, Suffolk, 1302. *

Sir Robert de Setvans, Chatham, Kent, 1306. *

Margarete de Camoys, Trotton, Sussex, c. 1310. *

Rich. de Hakebourne (priest), Merton Coll., Oxford, c. 1310. d

Archbishop Wm. de Grenefeld, York Minster, 1315. *

Sir ---- Fitzralph, Pebmarsh, Essex, c. 1320. *

Sir ---- Bacon, Gorleston, Suffolk, c. 1320. *

Joan de Cobham, Cobham, Kent, c. 1320. *

Nichol de Gore (priest), Woodchurch, Kent, c. 1320.

A Priest, Chinnor, Oxford, c. 1320. d

Thos. de Hop (priest), Kemsing, Kent, c. 1320. d

A Priest, Wantage, Berks., c. 1320. d

John de Bladigdone and wife (civilian), demi, in cross, East

Wickham, Kent, c. 1325. d

Sir John de Creke and wife, Westley Waterless, Cambs., c. 1325.

*

Sir John Daubernon II, Stoke d’Abernon, Surrey, 1327. *

Sir John de Northwode and wife, Minster-in-Sheppey, Kent, c.

1330. *

#/

II. 1327-1399

In this list those which are starred * show armorial jupons, and those

with daggers † have canopies.

The following is believed to be a complete list of the military brasses

of this period:--

Sir John de Cobham (with church), Cobham, Kent, 1354. †

John Bodiam, Bodiam, Sussex (small), c. 1360.

Wm. de Aldeburgh (on bracket), Aldborough, Yorks., c. 1360. *

Sir Philip Peletoot, Watton, Herts., 1361.

Unknown, Gt. Berkhampstead, Herts., c. 1365.

John de Cobham, Cobham, Kent, c. 1365.

Sir Thos. de Cobham, Cobham, Kent, 1367. †

Sir Adam de Clyfton, Methwold, Norfolk, 1367. †

Thos. Cheyne, Drayton Beauchamp, Bucks., 1368.

Ralph de Knevyngton, Aveley, Essex, 1370.

Sir John de la Pole and wife, Chrishall, Essex, c. 1370. †

Unknown, Freshwater, I. o. W., c. 1370.

Sir Henry Redford and wife, Broughton, Lincs., c. 1370.

Edmund Flambard (on bracket), Harrow, Middlesex, c. 1370.

John Wybarne, Ticehurst, Sussex, c. 1370.

Thos. Stapel (Serj.-at-arms), Shopland, Essex, 1371.

Sir John de Mereworth, Mereworth, Kent, 1371.

Sir John de Foxley and two wives (on bracket), Bray, Berks., 1378.

Unknown, Calbourne, I. o. W., c. 1380.

Unknown, St Michael’s, St Albans, Herts., c. 1380.

Roger de Felbrigg, Felbrigg, Norfolk, c. 1380.

A Dallingridge and wife, Fletching, Sussex, c. 1380. †*

A Quinton, Clyffe Pypard, Wilts., c. 1380.

Rich. de Feversham, Graveney, Kent, 1381.

Sir John de Argentine, Horseheath, Cambs., 1382.

Lord Nicholas Burnell, Acton Burnell, Salop, 1382. †

Sir John Harsyck and wife, in armorial mantle, Southacre,

Norfolk, 1384. *

Regd. de Malyn and two wives, Chinnor, Oxon., 1385.

Sir Thos. de Audley, Audley, Staffs., 1385.

Esmoun de Malyn and wife, Chinnor, Oxon., 1386.

Sir Robt. de Grey, Rotherfield Grays, Oxon., 1387.

Sir Wm. de Echingham, Etchingham, Sussex, 1388.

Sir John de Wyngefield, Letheringham, Suffolk, 1389. †

Sir Andrew Louttrell, Irnham, Lincs., 1390.

John Flambard, Harrow, Middlesex, c. 1390.

Robt. Russel, Strensham, Worc., c. 1390.

Sir Wm. Kerdeston and wife, Reepham, Norfolk, 1391. †

Thos. Ld. Berkley and wife, Wootton-under-Edge, Glos., 1392.

John Gray, Chinnor, Oxon., 1392.

Sir Thos. Walsch and wife, Wanlip, Leics., 1393.

Henry English and wife, Wood Ditton, Cambs., 1393.

Ld. Rich. Atte Lese and wife, Sheldwich, Kent, 1394. †

Sir Edw. Cerne and wife, Draycott Cerne, Wilts., 1394.

Ld. Wm. de Bryene, Seal, Kent, 1395.

Sir Jn. de Quintin and wife, Brandsburton, Yorks., 1397.

John Bettesthorne, Mere, Wilts., 1398.

Some examples of ladies _alone_, in addition to those included in the

text, are given:--

Unknown, Norbury, Staffs., c. 1350.

Joan Plessi, Quainton, Bucks., c. 1360.

Isabella Beaufo, Waterperry, Oxon., c. 1370.

A Cobham, Lingfield, Surrey, c. 1370.

Ismayne Winston, Necton, Norfolk, 1372.

Lady Margaret de Cobham, Cobham, Kent, 1375.

Lady Maud de Cobham, Cobham, Kent, 1380.

Margt. Holes, Watford, Herts., c. 1390.

Margery Wyllughby, Spilsby, Lincs., 1391.

Lady Margaret de Cobham, Cobham, Kent, 1395.

Alianore de Bohun, Duchess of Glo’ster, Westminster Abbey, 1399.

Civilians: a selection.

Man and wife, Upchurch, Kent, demi, 1340.

Rich. Torrington and wife (fine), Gt. Berkhampstead, Herts., 1356.

John de Walden, Ashbury, Berks., demi, c. 1360.

A frankelein and a priest (fine), Shottesbrook, Berks., c. 1370.

John de Feversham and mother, Graveney, Kent, demi, c. 1370.

A frankelein, Cheam, Surrey, c. 1370.

Two Civilians, Kings Somborne, Hants., c. 1380.

Symon de Felbrigg and wife, Felbrigg, Norfolk, c. 1382.

Unknown, Hampsthwaite, Yorks., c. 1380.

John Alderburne, Lewknor, Oxon., demi, 1380.

John Corp and granddaughter, under peculiar double canopy, Stoke

Fleming, Devon, 1391.

John Curteys and wife, under double canopy (a woolman),

Wimington, Beds., 1391.

Unknown, Temple Church, Bristol, 1396.

Walter Pescod (wife lost) under fine double triple canopy,

Boston, Lincs., 1398.

III. 1400-1453

(i)

Sir Geo. Felbrigg, Playford, Suffolk, 1400.

Sir Thos. Massingberd and wife, Gunby St Peter, Lincs. (double

canopy), c. 1400.

Unknown (triple canopy), Laughton, Lincs., c. 1400.

Thos. de Beauchamp, E. of Warwick, and wife, St Mary’s, Warwick,

1401.

Sir Nich. Dagworth, Blickling, Norfolk, 1401.

Sir Wm. Fienlez, Hurstmonceaux, Sussex (canopy), 1402.

Sir Reg. Braybrok, Cobham, Kent (canopy), 1405.

Sir Roger Drury and wife, Rougham, Suffolk, 1405.

Sir Nich. Hawberk, Cobham, Kent (canopy), 1407.

Sir Wm. Bagot and wife, Baginton, Warwick, 1407.

Wm. Snayth, Esq. and wife, Addington, Kent (double canopy), 1409.

Lord Bourgchier and two wives, Halstead, Essex, 1409.

Wm., Lord Willoughby d’Eresby and wife, Spilsby, Lincs. (double

triple canopy), 1410.

Sir Thos. Burton and wife, Little Casterton, Rutland, c. 1410.

Sir Robt. Swynborne, Little Horkesley, Essex (triple canopy),

1412. (See below.)

Robt., Lord Ferrers and wife, Merevale Abbey, Warwick, 1412.

Sir Geo. Felbrigg and Sir Wm. Bagot (1400) at Playford in

Suffolk, (1407) at Baginton, Warwick, wear armorial jupons.

The Order of the Garter is found at Exeter Cathedral, 1409, Felbrigg,

Norfolk, 1416, and Trotton, Sussex, 1419. These wear the Garter only.

Perhaps at Tattershall, Lincs., 1455, and certainly at Little Easton,

Essex, 1483, both Garter and Mantle are worn. Finally, Thos. Bullen,

Hever, Kent, 1538, wears the full insignia. There is a palimpsest (see

_Palimpsests_) fragment c. 1530 showing part of the Mantle and Garter

at Holy Trinity, Chester.

Transitional examples:--

Sir Reg. de Cobham, Lingfield, Surrey, 1403.

John Hanley and two wives, Dartmouth, Devon, 1408 (triple canopy).

Thos. Seintleger, Otterden, Kent, 1408.

John Wylcotes and wife (canopy), Gt. Tew, Oxon., 1410.

Sir Thos. Swynborne and father (under double triple canopy),

Little Horkesley, Essex, 1412.

(ii) Typical Lancastrian examples.

Sir Jn. Routh and wife (with S.S.), Routh, Yorks., c. 1410.

Thos. de Crewe and wife, Wixford, Warw. (canopy and additional

badges), 1411.

Geof. Fransham, Gt. Fransham, Norfolk (canopy), 1414.

Sir Jn. Phelip, Walter Cookesey, and wife (S.S.) (triple canopy),

Kidderminster, Worc., 1415.

Sir Jn. Erpingham, Erpingham, Norfolk, c. 1415. (He built the

Erpingham Gate, Norwich Cathedral.)

Sir Thos. de Skelton and two wives, Hinxton, Cambs., 1416.

Sir Symon Felbrigge, K.G., and wife (canopy), Felbrigg, Norfolk,

1416.

Lord Thos. Camoys, K.G., and wife (double canopy), Trotton,

Sussex, 1419.

John Doreward and wife, Bocking, Essex, 1420.

Sir Wm. Calthorpe (S.S.), Burnhamthorpe, Norfolk (canopy and

super-canopy), 1420.

Peter Halle and wife, Herne, Kent, c. 1420.

Sir John Lysle, Thruxton, Hants. (triple canopy), died 1407,

engraved c. 1425.

John Lowe, Battle, Sussex, 1426.

Sir John de Brewys, Wiston, Sussex (additional scrolls), 1426.

Lord Thos. de Straunge (S.S.), Wellesbourne, Warw., 1426.

John Norwiche and wife, Yoxford, Suffolk, 1428.

Wm. Harwedon and wife, Gt. Harrowden, Northants., 1433.

Wm. Scot, Brabourn, Kent, 1434.

Thos. Wideville, Esq. and two wives (triple canopy), Bromham,

Beds., c. 1435.

Thos. Chaucer and wife, Ewelme, Oxon., 1436.

Sir John Harpedon, Westminster Abbey, 1437.

(iii) Changes.

Sir John Leventhorpe and wife, Sawbridgeworth, Herts., 1433.

Sir Rich. Delamere and wife, Hereford Cathedral (canopy), 1435.

John Weston, Albury, Surrey (headless), 1440.

Man in Armour, Arkesden, Essex, c. 1440.

Sir Wm. Wadham and wife, Ilminster, Somerset, c. 1440 (double

triple canopy and super-canopy).

Reg. Barantyn, Chalgrove, Oxon., 1441.

Thos. de St Quintin, Harpham, Yorks., 1445.

Sir Chris. Baynham and Wife, Newland, Glos., c. 1448.

(iv) Transitional.

Sir Wm. Etchingham, wife and son (triple canopy), Etchingham,

Sussex, 1444.

John Gaynesford, Crowhurst, Surrey, 1450.

Walter Grene, Hayes, Middlesex, c. 1450.

Unknown, Isleworth, Middlesex, c. 1450.

Thos. Reynes and wife, Marston Mortayne, Beds., 1451.

Sir John Bernard and wife (S.S.), Isleham, Cambs. (double

canopy), 1451.

Woolmen and Civilians: a selection.

A Woolman and wife and several others, Northleach, Glos., c. 1400.

A Civilian and wife and several others, Ore, Sussex, c. 1400.

Rich. Martyn and wife, Dartford, Kent (double canopy), 1402.

Robt. de Haitfield and wife, Owston, Yorks., 1409.

Nich. Atte Heel, Chinnor, Oxford, c. 1410.

Hugo de Gondeby, Tattershall, Lincs., 1411.

Thos. Fayreman and wife, St Albans Abbey (Woolman), 1411.

John Lyndewode and wife (double canopy), Lyndewode, Lincs., 1419

(Woolman), and others.

Harry Hawes (English Inscription), Arreton, I. o. W., c. 1430.

Nich. Carrew and wife, Beddington, Surrey, 1432.

Simon Seeman, Barton-on-Humber (Vintner), 1433.

Robt. Skern and wife, Kingston, Surrey, 1437.

John Bacon and wife (Woolman), All Hallows, Barking, 1437.

Wm. Markeby and wife, St Bartholomew-the-Less, London, 1439.

Robt. Page and wife (double canopy), Cirencester, Glos., 1440.

John Hicchecok, Ampthill, Beds. (Woolman), 1450.

Laurence Pygott and wife, Dunstable, Beds. (Woolman), 1450.

John Yonge and wife, Chipping Norton, Oxon. (Woolman), 1451.

Edm. Mille and wife, Pulborough, Sussex, 1452.

Judges: complete list.

Sir Jn. Cassy and wife, Deerhurst, Glos. (canopy), 1400.

Sir Hugh de Holes (mutilated), Watford, Herts., 1415.

Wm. de Lodyngton, Gunby, Lincs. (canopy), 1419.

Rich. Norton and wife (worn), Wath, Yorks., 1420.

Jn. Staverton (mutilated), Eyke, Suffolk, c. 1430.

Jn. Martyn and wife, Graveney, Kent (double canopy), 1436.

Sir Jn. Juyn, St Mary, Redcliff, Bristol, 1439.

Jn. Cottusmore and wife, Brightwell Baldwin, Oxon., 1439.

IV. 1453-1485

About 70 knights still exist, from which the following are selected:--

Robert Staunton and wife, Castle Donington, Leics. (canopy), 1458.

Sir Thos. Shernborne and wife, Shernborne, Norfolk, 1458.

Sir Robt. del Bothe and wife, Wilmslow, Cheshire, 1460.

Rich. Quatremayns, wife and son, Thame, Oxon., c. 1460.

Wm. Prelatte, Esq. and two wives, Cirencester, Glos., 1462.

Robt. Eyr and wife, Hathersage, Derbys., 1463.

John Threel and wife, Arundel, Sussex, 1463.

John Ansty, Stow-cum-Quy, Camb., c. 1465.

Hen. Paris, Hildersham, Cambs. (canopy), 1466.

Rich. Ask and wife, Aughton, Yorks., 1466.

Sir Thos. Strathum and two wives, Morley, Derbys., 1470.

Unknown, Holbrook, Suffolk, 1470.

Robt. Wotton and wife, Addington, Kent, 1470.

Robt. Ingylton and three wives, Thornton, Bucks., 1472 (fine

under quadruple canopy).

Wm. Fitz-William and widow, Sprotborough, Yorks., 1474.

Sir Antony Grey, St Albans Abbey, 1480.

Sir Thos. Vaughan (mutilated), Westminster Abbey, 1483.

Thos. Peyton and two wives, Isleham, Cambs., 1484.

Sir Thos. Brewes and wife, Fressingfield, Suffolk (engraved), c.

1485.

Ladies’ Dress.

A few examples are given:--

Agnes Molyngton (widow), Dartford, Kent, 1454.

Eliz. Dencourt, Upminster, Essex (heraldic), 1455.

Cecilie Boleyn (maid), Blickling, Norfolk, 1458.

Jane Keriell, Ash-next-Sandwich, Kent (peculiar head-dress), c.

1460.

Christine Phelip, Herne, Kent (peculiar), 1470.

Marg. Elmes, All Saints, Stamford, Lincs., 1471.

Joan Haselden, Oxted, Surrey, 1480.

Margery Clopton and Alice Harleston, Long Melford, Suffolk

(heraldic), c. 1480.

Lawyers.

(_a_) Judges.

Nich. Assheton and wife, Callington, Cornwall, c. 1465.

Sir Peter Arderne and wife, Latton, Essex, 1467.

Sir Wm. Yelverton and wife, Rougham, Norfolk, c. 1470 (in armour,

mantle, coif and hood, and wearing collar of roses and suns).

Sir Wm. Laken, Bray, Berks, (wife lost), 1475.

Sir Rich. Byngham and wife, Middleton, Warw., 1476.

Sir Thos. Urswyk and wife, Dagenham, Essex, 1479.

Sir Thos. Billyng and wife, Wappenham, Northants., 1481.

Brian Rouclyff, Cowthorpe, Yorks, (wife lost), 1494.

The last may be included here, as his costume belongs more nearly

to the Yorkist than to the Tudor period. It was a most interesting

brass, including the model of the church, which he founded, and a bier

commemorating his uncle. It had also a double canopy. Several of the

most interesting features remain, but the rest was stolen a few years

after Waller described it in 1841.

(_b_) Notaries.

Unknown, Gt. Chart, Kent, c. 1470.

Unknown, St Mary’s Tower, Ipswich, c. 1475.

Barth. Willesdon, Willesdon, Middlesex (peculiar), 1492.

Unknown, St Mary’s Tower, Ipswich, 1506.

Unknown, New College, Oxford, c. 1510.

Other Civilians.

Jn. Fortey (Woolman), Northleach, Glos. (canopy), 1458, and

others.

Jn. Browne and wife (Woolman), All Saints, Stamford, Lincs.

(canopy), c. 1460.

Edward Courtenay, Ch. Ch. Cath., Oxon., c. 1460.

John Lethenard and wife, Chipping Campden, Glos., 1467.

Jn. Waliston and two wives (a smith), Chenies, Bucks., 1469.

Jn. Wynter (mayor), St Margt., Canterbury, 1470.

Ralph Segrim and wife (mayor), St John, Maddermarket, Norwich,

1472.

John Feld (Woolman), Standon, Herts., 1477.

Thos. Rowley and wife (sheriff), St John’s, Bristol, 1478.

John Cobleigh and two wives, Chittlehampton, Devon, 1480.

Jn. Jay and wife (sheriff), St Mary, Redcliff, Bristol, c. 1480.

Robt. Lytton and wife, Tideswell, Derbys., 1483.

At Stopham, Sussex, there is an interesting series of brasses to

officials of Arundel Castle, c. 1460 and onwards.

V

There are about 450 brasses of mass priests, of which the following are

worthy of note.

Those over 3 ft. long are marked with a star:--

St Lawrence de St Maur, Higham Ferrers (with canopy),

Northants., 1337. *

John de Grovehurst, Horsmonden, Kent (with canopy), c. 1340. *

Wm. de Herleston, Sparsholt, Berks., c. 1360.

Unknown, with chalice, North Mimms, Herts., c. 1360.

Esmund de Burnedissh, Brundish, Suffolk, c. 1360.

Simon de Wenslagh, with chalice, Wensley, Yorks., c. 1360. *

John Seys, West Hanney, Berks., c. 1370. *

Unknown, Shottesbrook, Berks., with franklin (under double

canopy), c. 1370. *

Unknown, Stoke-in-Teignhead, Devon, c. 1370.

Wm. de Lound, Althorpe, Lincs., c. 1370.

Robt. Levee, Hayes, Middlesex, c. 1370.

Peter de Lacy, Northfleet, Kent, 1375. *

Unknown, Beachamwell St Mary, Norfolk, c. 1385.

John de Swynsteade, Ashridge House, Herts., formerly at

Edlesborough (with part of canopy), 1395. *

Unknown, with chalice, Stanford-on-Soar, Leic., c. 1400.

Wm. de Thorp, West Wickham, Kent, 1407.

John Mordon, Emberton, Bucks., c. 1410.

Rich. Bayly, Hoo St Werburgh, Kent, 1412. *

Robt. Scarclyf, Shere, Surrey, 1412.

Robt. Fyn, Little Easton, Essex, c. 1420.

Robt. Willardsey, St Nicholas, Warwick, 1424.

Adam Babyngton, Milton Keynes, Bucks., 1427.

Roger Godeale, with chalice, Bainton, Yorks., 1429.

Robt. Clere, Battle, Sussex, c. 1430.

Edw. Cranford, Puttenham, Surrey, 1431.

John Heyne, Yelden, Beds., 1434.

John Colt, Tansor, Northants., 1440.

John Baker, Arundel, Sussex, 1445.

Rich. Goldon, with heart, Willian, Herts., 1446.

Unknown, Turweston, Bucks., c. 1450.

Roger Gery, with chalice, Whitchurch, Oxon., 1456.

Robt. Lond, with chalice, St Peter’s, Bristol, 1461.

John Spycer (?), Monkton-in-Thanet, Kent, c. 1465. *

John Swetecock, Lingfield, Surrey, 1469.

Thos. Wyrley, with heart, Letchworth, Herts., 1475.

Gulfrid Bysschop (hands crossed downwards), Fulbourn, Cambs.,

1477.

Unknown, with chalice, Laindon, Essex, c. 1480.

Roger Clerk, St Ethelred, Norwich, 1487.

John Balam, Blewbury, Berks., 1496.

Alex. Inglisshe, with chalice, Campsey Ash, Suffolk, 1504.

Thos. Warner, Soulderne, Oxon., 1508.

Thos. Symons, Gt. Greenford, Middlesex, c. 1515.

John Wright, with chalice, Clothall, Herts., 1519.

Wm. Grey, with chalice, Evershot, Dorset, 1524.

John ap Meredyth, with chalice, Bettws, Montgy., 1531.

Wm. Wardsworth, with chalice, Betchworth, Surrey, 1533.

Wm. Harman, with chalice, Eton College, Bucks., 1535.

Robt. Hanson (small), Chalfont St Peter, Bucks., 1545.

In a few brasses the stole or maniple is omitted. These are probably

the work of careless local engravers. Examples are found at Dronfield,

Derby, 1399; Clothall, Herts., 1404; Newton Bromshold, Northants.,

1426; Sparham, Norfolk, 1490; Blockley, Worc., c. 1500; Laindon, Essex,

c. 1510; and elsewhere.

Chalice Brasses.

(_a_) Yorkshire.

Rich. Kendale, Ripley, 1429.

Peter Johnson, Bishop Burton, 1460.

Wm. Langton, St Michael Spurriergate, York, 1466.

Thos. Clarell, St Peter’s, Leeds, 1469.

(_b_) Norfolk.

John Smyth, St Giles, Norwich, 1499.

Rich. Grene, Hedenham, 1502.

Robt. Northen, Buxton, 1508.

Rich. Louhouwys, Surlingham, 1513.

Edmund Ward, North Walsham, 1519.

Wm. Westow, Little Walsingham, c. 1520, and several others.

There are but few elsewhere, such as:

Robt. Wodehowse, Holwell, Beds., 1515.

Thos. Elys, Shorne, Kent, 1519.

Thos. King, Rendham, Suffolk, 1523.

Unknown, Gazeley, Suffolk, 1530.

Cassock alone.

Thos. Awmarle, Cardynham, Cornwall, c. 1400.

Unknown (kn.), peculiar, Aspley Guise, Beds., c. 1410.

John Lewys (kn.), Quainton, Bucks., 1422.

Unknown, Cirencester, Glos., c. 1480.

Unknown, North Creake, Norfolk, c. 1500.

Rich. Bethel, Shorwell, I. o. W., 1518.

John Yslyngton, with chalice, Cley, Norfolk, c. 1520.

Wm. Lawnder (kn.), Northleach, Glos., c. 1530.

Almuce.

John Morys, First Warden, Winchester College, Hants., 1413

Win. Whyte, Arundel, Sussex, 1419.

John Huntington, Warden, Manchester Cathedral, 1458.

Robt. Brerely, Billingham, Durham, 1480.

Thos. Barker, Eton College, Bucks. (fellow), 1489.

Canon Thos. Teylar, Byfleet, Surrey, 1489.

Wm. Fordmell, Bordon, Kent, 1490.

Thos. Parker, Dean, Beds., 1501.

Henry Bost (Provost), Eton College, Bucks., 1503.

Ralph Elcock, Tong, Salop, 1510.

John Fynexs, Archdeacon of Sudbury, St Mary’s, Bury St Edmunds,

1514.

Wm. Goberd, B. A., Archdeacon, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1515.

Robt. Honywode, LL.D., quadrilateral plate, St George’s Chapel,

Windsor (peculiar), 1522.

Rich. Adams, with chalice, East Maling, Kent, 1522.

Robt. Hacombleyn (Provost), King’s College, Cambridge, 1528.

Robt. Sutton (Dean), St Patrick’s Cath., Dublin (quadrilateral

plate, peculiar), 1528.

Geoff. Fyche (Dean), St Patrick’s Cath., Dublin (quadrilateral

plate, peculiar), 1537.

Jas. Coorthopp (Dean of Peterborough), Christ Ch., Oxford, 1557.

Robt. Brassie, S.T.P., Provost, King’s College, Cambridge, 1558.

The Cope: a selection.

Wm. de Rothwelle, Rothwell, Northants. (curious), 1361.

John de Campden, St Cross, Winchester, 1382.

Nich. de Luda, Cottingham, Yorks., 1383.

Wm. de Fubburne, Fulbourn, Cambs. (canopy), 1391.

Math. de Asscheton, Shillington, Beds., 1400.

John Sleford, Balsham, Cambridge, 1401.

Rich. Malford, New College, Oxford, 1403.

Hen. de Codryngton, Bottesford, Leic. (canopy), 1404.

Wm. Langeton, Exeter Cathedral (kn.), 1403.

Simon Bache, Knebworth, Herts., 1414.

John Prophete, Ringwood, Hants., 1416.

Thos. Patteslie, Gt Shelford, Cambs., 1418.

Robt. Wyntryngham, Cotterstock, Northants., 1420.

Thos. Harlyng, Pulborough, Sussex, 1423.

Rich. Cassey, Tredington, Worcs., 1427.

Hen. Mowbray, Upwell, Norfolk, 1428.

John Mapilton, Broadwater, Sussex (canopy), 1432.

John Stanwey, Hereford Cathedral, 1434.

Wm. Prestwyk, Warbleton, Sussex, 1436.

Jn. Lovelle, St Geo., Canterbury (no almuce), 1438.

Simon Marcheford, Harrow, Middlesex, 1442.

Robt. Arthur, Chartham, Kent, 1454.

John Blodwell, Balsham, Cambs., 1462.

Hen. Sever, Merton College, Oxford, 1471.

Wm. Langley, Buckland, Herts., (with chalice), 1478.

Wm. Gisburne, Kirby Wharfe, Yorks., 1480.

Wm. Malster, Girton, Cambs., 1492.

Walter Hyll, New College, Oxford, 1494.

Jas. Hart, B.D., Hitchin, Herts., 1498.

Hen. Wykys, All Saints, Stamford, Lincs., 1508.

Unknown, Tattershall, Lincs., c. 1510.

Silvester Gabriel, Croydon, Surrey, 1512.

Walter Hewke, D.C.L., Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1517.[1]

Wm. Lichfield, LL.D., Willesdon, Middlesex, 1517.

Robt. Langton, Queen’s College, Oxford, 1518.

Thos. Swayn, Wooburn, Bucks., 1519.

Christopher Urswic, Hackney, Middlesex, 1521.

Wm. Boutrod, Eton College, Bucks., 1522.

Edm. Frowsetoure, Hereford Cathedral (Renais. canopy), 1536.

Wm. Styrlay, Rauceby, Lincs., 1536.

Thos. Dalyson, Clothall, Herts. (no almuce), 1541.

John White, Winchester College, 1548.

Thos. Magnus, Sessay, Yorks., 1550.

[1] Hewke’s cope was one in use at the College at the time, and a

contemporary description of it still survives. It was of red samite.

Academic Dress: a selection.

Unknown in cap, Gt. Brington, Northants., c. 1340.

John Hotham, Chinnor, Oxon., demi in cap, 1361.

John Strete, M.A., in skull cap, Upper Hardres, Kent, 1405

(kneeling before bracket, see Illus.).

Eudo de la Zouch, St John’s College, Cambridge, c. 1410 (large,

but mutilated).

Wm. Calwe, Ledbury, Heref., sm., kn., c. 1410.

John Mottesfont, B.C.L., Lydd, Kent, 1420.

John Lowthe, New College, Oxford, in skull cap, 1427.

Priest and parents, large, Melton, Suffolk (mut. trip. canopy),

1430.

Wm. Hautryve, D.D., New College, Oxford, in skull cap, 1441, and

several others.

John Darley, Herne, Kent, skull cap, c. 1450.

Wm. Snell, M.A., Boxley, Kent, 1451.

John Alnwik, M.A., Surlingham, Norfolk, 1460.

Unknown, Harrow, Middlesex, c. 1460.

Thos. Sondes, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1478, and several others.

Unknown, D.D., Little St Mary’s, Cambridge, skull cap, c. 1480.

Unknown, Little Shelford, Cambs., c. 1480.

Unknown, with chalice, Barking, Essex, c. 1480.

Nich. Wotton, LL.B., Gt. St Helen’s, Bishopsgate, London, 1482.

Philip Worthyn, M.A., Blockley, Worc., kn., 1488.

Geo. Rede, Fovant, Wilts., quadrilateral plate (peculiar), 1492

(he kneels before a large Annunciation).

Wm. Towne, D.D., in cap, King’s College, Cambridge, 1496, and

others.

Wm. Heyward, Abingdon, Berks., 1501.

David Lloyde, LL.B., and Thos. Baker, demi, All Souls, Oxford,

1510.

John Trembras, M.A., St Michael Penkevil, Cornwall, 1515.

Arthur Vernon, M.A., Tong, Salop, 1517.

John Yslyngton, S.T.P., Cley, Norfolk, in cap with chalice, c.

1520.

Bryan Roos, LL.D., Childrey, Berks., 1529.

Unknown, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, c. 1530.

Unknown, Queens’ College, Cambridge, c. 1535.

Unknown, Christ’s College, Cambridge, c. 1535.

Wm. Bill, Westminster Abbey, 1561.

Bishops and mitred Abbots: a complete list.

Wm. de Grenefeld, Archbp. of York, York Minister, 1315.

John Trilleck, Bp. of Hereford, Hereford Cathedral (canopy), 1360.

Thos. Delamere, Abbot of St Albans, St Albans, c. 1360 (very fine

foreign work, canopy, etc.).

Robt. Wyvil, Bp. of Salisbury, Salisbury Cathedral (peculiar),

1375.

Unknown, Adderley, Salop, c. 1390.

John de Waltham, Bp. of Salisbury, Westminster Abbey (with fine

but mutilated canopy), 1395.

Robt. de Waldeby, Archbp. of York, Westminster Abbey (canopy),

1397.

Abbot Moote (lower half), St Albans Abbey, 1401.

Thos. Cranley, Archbp. of Dublin, New College, Oxford (canopy),

1417.

John Bowthe, Bp. of Exeter, East Horsley, Surrey, 1478 (small,

side view).

Rich. Bell, Bp. of Carlisle, Carlisle Cathedral (worn, canopy),

1496.

John Estney, Abbot of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, patron of

Caxton (canopy), 1498.

Unknown Archbp., Edenham, Lincs., c. 1500.

Jas. Stanley, Bp. of Ely, Manchester Cathedral, 1515.

John Yong, Titular Bp. of Callipolis (headless), New College,

Oxford, c. 1525.

Thos. Goodryke, Bp. of Ely, Ely Cathedral, 1554.

John Bell, Bp. of Worcester, St James’s, Clerkenwell, 1556.

Robt. Pursglove, Suffragan Bp. of Hull, Tideswell, Derbys., 1579.

VI

Monastic brasses.

A Monk, Watton, Herts., c. 1370.

The head of a Nun, St Mary’s, Kilburn, c. 1380.

The Duchess of Gloucester, Vowess, Westminster Abbey (canopy),

1399.

Joan Clopton, Vowess, Quinton, Glos., c. 1430.

Thos. Neolond, Cluniac Prior of Lewes, Cowfold, Sussex (canopy),

1433.

Dame Maria Gore, Prioress, Nether Wallop, Hants., 1436.

Geof. Langley, Benedictine Prior of Horsham St Faith, St

Lawrence, Norwich, 1437.

John Pyke, Friar, Denham, Bucks. (palimpsest), c. 1440.

A Nun, daughter of a Lady, c. 1440, on reverse of inscription to

Nich. Suttherton, St John, Maddermarket, Norwich.

A Benedictine Monk, St Albans Abbey, c. 1450.

Wm. Jernemut, Monk, demi, c. 1460, on reverse of Alice Swane

(1540), Halvergate, Norfolk.

Martin Forester, Monk, demi, on a _lectern_, Yeovil, Somerset, c.

1460.

Robt. Beauver, Benedictine Monk, St Albans Abbey, c. 1470.

A Benedictine Monk, demi, St Albans Abbey, c. 1470.

An Abbot (or Bishop), one of the children of Wm. Lucas,

Wendensloft, Essex, c. 1470.

A Nun, one of the children of Sir Thos. Urswyk, Dagenham, Essex,

1479.

A Nun, one of the children of Thos. Mountford, Hornby, Yorks.,

1489.

A Nun, one of the children of Sir Thos. Barnardiston, Gt. Cotes,

Lincs., 1503.

Juliana Amyell, Vowess, Witton, Norfolk, c. 1505.

John Norton, with cope and crozier, South Creake, Norfolk, 1509.

A Monk and a Nun, among children of John Hampton, Minchinhampton,

Glos., c. 1510.

Rich. Bewfforeste, Augustinian Abbot of Dorchester, Dorchester,

Oxon., c. 1510.

John Stodeley, Augustinian Canon of St Frideswide’s, Oxford, Over

Winchendon, Bucks., 1515.

Joan Braham, Vowess, Frenze, Norfolk, 1519.

Thos. Rutlond, Sub Prior, St Albans Abbey, 1521.

Dame Eliz. Herwy, Benedictine Abbess, Elstow, Beds., c. 1525.

Joan Cook, Vowess, St Mary de Crypt, Glos., 1529.

Susan Kyngeston, Vowess, Shalston, Bucks., 1540.

Dame Agnes Jordon, Abbess of Sion, Denham, Bucks., c. 1540.

John Lawrence, Benedictine Abbot of Ramsey, Burwell, Camb.

(palimpsest), 1542.

Marg. Dely, Nun, Treasurer of Sion, Isleworth, Middlesex, 1561.

It is believed that this includes all those brasses which can in any

way be regarded as monastic, and one or two of these are doubtful. The

most complete series are those of the Benedictines at St Albans.

Palimpsests engraved on back.

(_a_) From English Churches: a selection.

St Lawrence, Reading, 1538 (Walt. Barton). _Rev._ parts of brass

of Sir John Popham, 1463.

Hedgerley, Bucks., 1540 (Bulstrode). _Rev._ various parts of

abbot, etc., c. 1312-1530.

Taplow, Bucks., 1540 (Manfelde). _Rev._ eight pieces, c.

1470-1490.

Halvergate, Norf., 1540 (Swane). _Rev._ bust of Wm. Jernemut

(monk), c. 1460.

Tolleshunt Darcy, Essex, c. 1540 (a lady). _Rev._ part of abbot,

c. 1400.

Upminster, Essex, c. 1540 (a civilian). _Rev._ part of abbot, c.

1410.

Odiham, Hants., c. 1540 (a knight). _Rev._ several pieces, c.

1460.

Cheam, Surrey, 1542 (Fromondes). _Rev._ several pieces, c. 1500.

Holy Trinity, Chester, 1545 (Gee). _Rev._ part of Garter knight,

c. 1530.

All Hallows, Barking, London, 1546 (Thynne). _Rev._ several

pieces, c. 1510-1530.

Winchester College, 1548 (White). _Rev._ part of a widow, c. 1440.

Manchester Cathedral, 1548 (Ordsall). _Rev._ a lady, c. 1450.

Sessay, Yorks., 1550 (Magnus). _Rev._ several pieces, c. 1450.

Cobham, Surrey, c. 1550 (a knight). _Rev._ a priest, c. 1510.

Binfield, Berks., 1558 (Turner). _Rev._ part of abbot, c. 1420.

St John Maddermarket, Norwich, 1558 (Rugge). _Rev._ an abbot, c.

1320.

Morland, Westmorland, 1562 (Blythe). _Rev._ two knights, c. 1520.

Howden, Yorks., 1621 (Dolman). _Rev._ part of civilian, c. 1520.

There are about one hundred brasses included in this type.

(_b_) From Flemish or German Brasses.

Winestead, Yorks., c. 1540 (Hildyard). _Rev._ frag. of civilian,

c. 1360.

Isleworth, Middlesex, 1544 (Chase). _Rev._ saint in niche, c.

1360.

Upminster, Essex, 1545 (Wayte). _Rev._ frag. of abbot, c. 1480.

Aylesford, Kent, 1545 (Savell). _Rev._ canopy, possibly French,

c. 1530.

Bayford, Herts., c. 1545 (Knighton). _Rev._ frag. of abbot, c.

1480.

Ossington, Notts., 1551 (Peckham). _Rev._ frag. of lady, etc., c.

1360.

Hadleigh, Suffolk, c. 1560 (Taillor). _Rev._ civilian and angel,

c. 1500.

Westerham, Kent, 1563 (Potter). _Rev._ column and shield, c. 1530.

St Peter Mancroft, Norwich, 1568 (Rede). _Rev._ civilian, c. 1500.

Haseley, Warw., 1573 (Throkmorton). _Rev._ canopy work, c. 1390.

Constantine, Cornwall, 1574 (Gerveys). _Rev._ man in armour, c.

1375.

Harrow, Middlesex, 1574 (Frankishe). _Rev._ border and lady, c.

1360 and c. 1370.

St Peter-in-the-East, Oxford, 1574 (Atkinson). _Rev._ canopy, c.

1520.

British Museum, fr. Wimbish, Essex, 1575 (fragment). _Rev._

marginal inscription, c. 1420.

Cookham, Berks., 1577 (Moore). _Rev._ head and background, etc.,

c. 1380 and c. 1480.

Wardour Castle, Wilts., c. 1577 and 1578 (Arundell). _Rev._ part

of saint, canopy, etc., 1374.

Yealmpton, Devon, 1580 (Copleston). _Rev._ head, saint, etc., c.

1460.

Holme-next-Sea, Norfolk, 1582 (Strickland). _Rev._ canopy, c.

1400.

Margate, Kent, 1582 (Flitt). _Rev._ border, c. 1400.

(_c_) Shop-wastes etc.

A priest, Temple Ch., Bristol, c. 1460. _Rev._ lady, c. 1460.

A lady, Ampton, Suffolk, c. 1490. _Rev._ lady, c. 1470.

A lady (demi) on bracket, c. 1360. _Rev._ cross-legged knight, c.

1300. At Clifton Campville, Staffs.

Thos. and Isabel Englysche, 1525, Ipsden, Oxon. _Rev._ a lady and

inscription, c. 1420.

VII

Early Tudor Canopies.

The following are remarkably fine:

Winwick, Lancs., triple, 1492.

Westminster (Estney), triple, 1498.

Hunstanton, Norf. (with saints), triple, 1506.

Wyvenhoe, Essex, triple, 1507.

Ardingley, Sussex, small, double, c. 1500. Illustrated.

Ardingley, Sussex, double (only upper half), 1504.

Hillingdon, Middlesex, double, 1509.

Little Wenham, Suffolk, double, 1514.

Faversham, Kent, double, 1533.

Early Tudor armour (still showing Yorkist characteristics): a selection.

Jn. Bohun and wife, Latton, Essex, c. 1485.

Edm. Clere and wife, Stokesby, Norfolk, 1488.

Nich. Gaynesford and wife, Carshalton, Surrey, c. 1490.

Rich. Curzon and wife, Kedlestone, Derbyshire, 1496.

Rich. Culpeper and wife (canopy), Ardingley, Sussex, 1504.

Sir Humphrey Stanley, Westminster Abbey, 1505.

Willm. Viscount Beaumont, Wyvenhoe, Essex (very fine, with triple

canopy), 1507.

Typical.

Jn., Lord le Strange and wife, Hillingdon, Middlesex (double

canopy), 1509.

Jn. Leventhorp, Gt. St Helen’s, Bishopsgate, London, 1510.

Thos. Pekham and wife, Wrotham, Kent, 1512.

Jn. Ackworth and two wives, Luton, Beds., 1513.

Sir Jn. Danvers and wife, Dauntsey, Wilts., 1514.

Thos. Broke (Serjeant-at-arms) and wife, Ewelme, Oxon., 1518.

Philip Chatwyn (gent. usher), Alvechurch, Worc., 1524.

Sir Edw. Grey and two wives, Kinver, Staffs., 1528.

Sir Thos. Brooke, Ld. Cobham and wife, Cobham, Kent, 1529.

John Borell (Serjeant-at-arms), Broxbourne, Herts., 1531.

Sir Thos. Bullen, Hever, Kent (in full Garter insignia), 1538.

Thos. Hatteclyff, Addington, Surrey, 1540.

Sir Robt. Dymoke, Scrivelsby, Lincs., 1545.

John Lymsey, Hackney, Middlesex, 1545.

Thos. Clere, St Mary’s, Lambeth, Surrey, 1545.

Tabard brasses: a selection.

John Fitz-Lewis and four wives, Ingrave, Essex, c. 1500.

Jn. Burgoyn and wife, Impington, Cambridge, 1505.

Sir Roger le Strange, Hunstanton, Norfolk, 1506. (Very fine. On

bracket within canopy which has weepers, also in tabards of

arms.)

Anthy. Fetyplace, Swinbrook, Oxon., 1510.

Anthy. Hansart and wife, kn., March, Cambs., 1517.

Ly. Jane Iwarby, kn., Ewell, Surrey, 1519.

Jn. Garney and wife, kn., quadrilateral plate, Kenton, Suffolk,

1524.

Sir Godfrey Foljambe and wife, Chesterfield, Derbys., 1529.

Ly. Cath. Howard, St Mary’s, Lambeth, 1535.

A lady, Gt. St Helen’s, Bishopsgate, c. 1535.

Ly. Eliz. Scroope, Wyvenhoe, Essex, 1537.

Sir Ralph Verney and wife, Aldbury, Herts. (canopy), 1546.

Babies (alone).

Rougham, Norfolk, 1510.

Chesham Bois, Bucks., c. 1520.

(With parents.)

Cranbrook, Kent, c. 1520.

Later examples:--

Pinner, Middlesex, c. 1580.

Edgeware, Middlesex, 1599.

Upper Deal, Kent, 1606.

Odiham, Hants., 1636.

Civilians: a selection.

Over 400 are extant, mostly small and often poorly engraved.

Rich. Amondesham and wife (wool merchant), Ealing, Middlesex, c.

1490 (under fine double canopy).

Sir Rich. Wakehurst and wife, Ardingley, Sussex, died 1464,

engraved c. 1500.

Rich. Wenman and two wives, Witney, Oxon., 1500.

Hen. Eliot and wife, Wonersh, Surrey, 1503.

Wm. Andrew and Jn. Monkeden and their wives, Cookham, Berks.,

1503.

Robt. Foster and wife (wool merchant), Mattishall, Norfolk, 1507.

Sir Wm. Grevill and wife (judge), Cheltenham, Glos., 1513.

Chris. Rawson and two wives (wool merchant), All Hallows,

Barking, 1518.

Rauf. Rowlatt and two wives (wool merchant), St Albans Abbey,

Herts., 1519.

Thos. Bush and wife (under double canopy) (wool merchant),

Northleach, Glos., 1526.

Henry Hatche and wife (under double canopy), Faversham, Kent,

1533.

Sir Anth. Fitzherbert and wife (judge), Norbury, Derbys., 1538.

Nich. Leveson and wife (wool merchant), St Andrew Undershaft,

London, 1539.

Sir Walter Lake and wife (judge), Cople, Beds., 1544.

Thos. Holte and wife (judge), Aston, Warwick, 1545.

The inscriptions are chiefly in English and often quaintly spelt.

VIII

Transitional Period (1547-1558)

Men in armour: a selection.

(_a_) Without tabards.

Sir Humphrey Stafford and wife, Blatherwycke, Northants., 1548.

Thos. Giffard, Twyford, Bucks., 1551.

Rich. Fermer and wife, Easton Neston, Northants., 1552.

Sir Jn. Hampden and two wives, Gt. Hampden, Bucks., 1553.

Nich. Saunders and wife, Charlwood, Surrey, 1553.

Robt. Bulkeley and wife, quadrilateral plate, Cople, Beds., 1556.

(_b_) With tabards.

The brasses are usually small and badly engraved.

John Latton and wife, Blewbury, Berks., 1548.

Sir Humphrey Style and two wives, Beckenham, Kent, 1552.

Ly. Jane Guyldeford, Chelsea, Middlesex, 1555.

Henry Hobart, Loddon, Norfolk, 1561.

Sir John Tregonwell, Milton Abbey, Dorset, 1565.

IX. 1558-1625.

A few examples are given below, the earlier, up to about 1575, are in

the Transitional style, the later in the “tasset” armour.

Jn. Colby and wife, Brundish, Suffolk, 1560.

Sir Jn. Arundell and two wives, Stratton, Cornwall, 1561.

Geo. Medley and wife, Tiltey Abbey, Essex, 1562.

Sir Wm. Molyneux and two wives, Sefton, Lancs., 1568.

Jn. Clavell and two wives, Knowle, Dorset, 1572.

Thos. Higate and wife, Hayes, Middlesex, 1576.

Thos. Shurley and wife, Isfield, Sussex, 1579.

Rowland Lytton and two wives, Knebworth, Herts., 1582.

John Wingfield, Easton, Suffolk, 1584.

Thos. Carewe, Haccombe, Devon, 1586.

Thos. Stoughton, St Martin’s, Canterbury, 1591.

Humphrey Brewster, Wrentham, Suffolk, 1593.

Jn. Clippesby and wife, Clippesby, Norfolk, 1594.

Edw. Leventhorpe and wife, Sawbridgeworth, Herts., c. 1600.

Christopher Septvans and wife, Ash-next-Sandwich, Kent, 1602.

Thos. Windham, Felbrigg, Norfolk, 1608.

Rich. Barttelot and two wives, Stopham, Sussex, 1614.

Nich. Wadham and wife, Ilminster, Somerset, 1618.

Sir Clem. Edmonds and wife, Preston Deanery, Northants., 1622.

Civilians.

A few examples are given, but there are a fair number scattered up and

down the country.

Sir Rich. Peyton and wife, Isleham, Cambs., 1574.

Wm. Dunche and wife, Little Wittenham, Berks., quadrilateral

plate, engraved, c. 1585.

Robt. Cotton and wife, Richmond, Surrey, 1591.

Walter Bailey, New Coll., Oxford, 1592.

Jn. Martin and wife, Barton, Cambs., c. 1593.

Jn. Tedcastle and wife, Barking, Essex, 1596.

Jacob Verzelini and wife, Downe, Kent, 1607.

Anth. Cooke, Yoxford, Suffolk, 1613.

Rich. Gadburye and wife, Eyworth, Beds., 1624.

The York school of brasses will be referred to later; they include

among others:--

Eliz. Fynes, York Minster, 1585.

James Cotrel, York Minster, 1595.

Robert Askwith, St Crux, York, 1597.

Clergy.

Jn. Fenton, Priest and Vicar, Coleshill, Warwick, 1566.

Patrick Fearne and wife, Parson, Sandon, Essex, c. 1580.

Jn. Garbrand, D.D., Parson, quadrilateral plate, N. Crawley,

Bucks., 1589.

Edw. Leeds, LL.D., Rector, Croxton, Cambs., 1589.

Vincent Huffam and wife, Priest, St James, Dover, c. 1590.

Griffin Lloyd and wife, Chevening, Kent, 1596.

Wm. Lucas, M.A., Parson, Clothall, Herts., 1602.

Jn. Metcalfe, Stonham Aspal, Suffolk, 1606.

Jn. Burton, Rector, kn., Burgh St Margaret, Norfolk, 1608.

Isaiah Bures, M.A., Pastor, sm., kn., Northolt, Middlesex, 1610.

Peter Winder, Curate, Whitchurch, Oxon., 1610.

Humphrey Tyndall, Dean, Ely Cathedral (fine), 1614.

Jn. Wythines, D.D., Dean, Battle, Sussex, 1615.

Hen. Airay, Provost, Queen’s Coll., Oxford, 1616.

Wm. Palke and wife, Minister, High Halstow, Kent, 1618.

Hugh Johnson (in pulpit), Vicar, Hackney, Middlesex, 1618.

Andrew Willet, D.D., Minister, Barley, Herts., 1621.

X. 1625-1660.

Of other knights in armour than the illustration, the following are

noteworthy:

Simon Mayne and wife, Dinton, Bucks., 1628.

Sir Jn. Arundel and wife, St Columb, Cornwall, c. 1630.

Christopher Playters, Sotterley, Suffolk, c. 1630.

Edm. Sawyer and wife, quadrilateral plate, Kettering, Northants.,

1631.

Rich. Bugges and two wives, Harlow, Essex, 1636.

Wm. Penn and wife, Penn, Bucks., 1638.

Jn. Boscawen, quadrilateral plate, St Michael Penkevil, Cornwall,

c. 1640.

Wm. Strode and wife, quadrilateral plate, Shepton Mallet,

Somerset, 1649.

Civilians.

The following are characteristic examples:

Thos. Holl, Heigham, Norfolk, 1630.

Rich. Chiverton and wife, Quethiock, Cornwall, 1631.

Robt. Chambers, Swaffham Priory, Cambs., 1638.

Geo. Coles and two wives, St Sepulchre’s, Northampton, 1640.

John Moorwood and wife, quadrilateral plate, Bradfield, near

Ecclesfield, Yorks., 1647.

At Llanrwst, Denbigh. The plates are lozenge-shaped, showing usually

only the bust of the deceased and are quite good portraits.

Sir John Wynne, 1620, and his wife, 1632, his daughter, Lady

Mary Mostyn, 1658, Sir Owen Wynne, 1660, Kath. Lewis, 1669,

Dame Sarah Wynne, 1671.

Clergy.

Of the clergy, only six brasses are known:

Arch. Lightfoot, rector, quadrilateral plate, Stoke Bruerne,

Northants., 1625.

Thos. Stones (demi), Acle, Norfolk, 1627.

Wm. Procter, rector, Upper Boddington, Northants., 1627.

Maurice Hughes, vicar, Abergavenny, Monm., 1631.

Edw. Nayler and wife, kn., Bigby, Lincs., 1642.

Rice, Jem, rector, Husbands Bosworth, Leics., 1648.

In three cases bishops are commemorated by a mitre:

Arthur Lake, Bp. of Bath and Wells, Wells Cath., 1626.

John Prideaux, Bp. of Worcester, Bredon, Worc., 1650.

Henry Ferne, Bp. of Chester, Westminster Abbey, 1661.

Commonwealth Civilians and Women.

Bonham Faunce and two wives, Cliffe, Kent, 1652.

Jn. Davids, Haverfordwest, Pembrokes., 1654.

Anne Cary (a child), Clovelly, Devon, 1655.

Thos. Carewe and wife, quadrilateral plate, Haccombe, Devon, 1656.

Thos. Lawe (mayor), demi, Boston, Lincs., 1657.

Mary Hall, Sheriff Hutton, Yorks., 1657.

Lady Mary Mostyn, Llanrwst, Denbigh, 1658.

Rich. Breton and wife, Barwell, Leics., 1659.

XI. 1660-1773.

John Harris and wife, Milton, Cambs., 1660.

The Llanrwst series.

Philip Tenison, S.T.P., in shroud, Bawburgh, Norfolk, 1660.

Mary Thorne and three daughters, St Mary, Bedford, 1663.

Robt. Shiers, Gt. Bookham, Surrey, 1668.

Shrouded Effigy on tomb, Thornton Watlass, Yorks., 1669.

Nich. Toke in armour and three daughters kneeling, Gt. Chart,

Kent, 1680.

Edm. West, Serjeant-at-law, in armour, and wife, quadrilateral

plate, Marsworth, Bucks., 1681.

Ann Dunch, a child, quadrilateral plate, Little Wittenham,

Berks., 1683.

Edw. Turpin and wife, Bassingbourn, Cambs., 1683.

Dorothy Williams, Pimperne, Dorset., 1694.

John Price (naval officer) and wife, Leigh, Essex, 1709.

John Massie and family, St Peter’s, Leeds, Yorks., 1709.

Thos. Lund (mayor), Newark, Notts., 1715.

Philadelphia Greenwood, quadrilateral plate, St Mary Cray, Kent,

1747.

Benj. Greenwood, St Mary Cray, Kent, 1773.

XII

Special Types: Heart Brasses.

Some others which differ in various ways from the two types described

in the text are included below:

Anne Muston, Saltwood, Kent, 1496.

Unknown, Fakenham, Norfolk, c. 1500.

Unknown, Higham Ferrers, Northants., c. 1510.

Crystofer Tonson and wife, Melton Mowbray, Leics., 1543.

Thos. Hodges, Wedmore, Somerset, c. 1630.

Grace White, Ludham, Norfolk, 1633.

In the Saltwood and Wedmore brasses it is distinctly stated that only

the bowel or heart is buried there.

Sir Thos. Hodges was killed at the siege of Antwerp 1583, and asked

that his body should be buried there and his heart sent home to his

wife.

At Saltwood an angel, rising from a cloud, holds a heart.

At Fakenham there are four double hearts inscribed “Jhu, mercy,” “Lady,

help.” It is evidently to the memory of a husband and wife whose names

are unknown.

Shroud Brasses.

John Brigge, Sall, Norfolk, 1454.

John Manfield, Taplow, Bucks., 1455.

Thos. Pethyn, priest, Lytchett Maltravers, Dorset, c. 1470.

Man and wife, Sedgefield, Durham, c. 1470.

Thos. Fleming, New Coll., Oxford, 1472.

A Priest, Stifford, Essex, c. 1480.

Man and wife, Baldock, Herts., c. 1480.

Tomesina Tendryng, Yoxford, Suff., 1485.

Thos. Spryng and wife, Lavenham, Staff., 1486.

Several at Hitchin, Herts., 1480-1490.

A Man and wife, Sawston, Cambs., c. 1500.

A Lady, Gt. Fransham, Norfolk, c. 1500.

Ralph Hamsterley, a priest, Oddington, Oxon., c. 1500.

Wm. Gibsson and wife, Watlington, Oxon., 1501.

Thos. Tyard, priest, Bawburgh, Norfolk, 1505.

Joan Strangbon, Childrey, Berks., 1507.

Man and wife, West Molesey, Surrey, c. 1510.

Hen. Scolows and wife, St Michael Coslany, Norwich, 1515.

John Goodryngton, Appleton, Berks., 1518.

Unknown, Wooburn, Bucks., c. 1520.

Unknown and wife, Childrey, Berks., c. 1520.

John Claimond, Corpus Christi, Oxford, c. 1530.

Eliz. Rok, Penn, Bucks., 1540.

Wm. Fyssher, master, Wigston’s Hospital, Leicester, 1543.

Lucas Goodyere, Aldenham, Herts., 1547.

Hugh Brystowe, priest, Waddesdon, Bucks., 1548.

Unknown, Chicheley, Bucks., 1560.

A Lady, Leigh, Kent, c. 1580.

Thos. Nele, Cassington, Oxon., 1590.

John Maunsell, Haversham, Bucks., 1605.

Eliz. Popeley, Birstall, Yorks., 1632.

Lady Mary Howard, West Firle, Sussex, 1638.

Wives of Clere Talbot, Dunston, Norfolk, 1649.

Philipp Tenison, S.T.P., Bawburgh, Norfolk, 1660.

Skeleton Brasses.

Rich. Notfelde, St John’s, Margate, Kent, c. 1446.

Thos. Childes, St Lawrence, Norwich, 1452.

Three Skeletons, Weybridge, Surrey, c. 1520.

A Skeleton in shroud, Hildersham, Cambs., c. 1530.

Barbara Ferrer, St Michael-at-Plea, Norwich, 1588.

XIII

Later Foreign Brasses.

Roger Thornton and wife, All Saints, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1429.

Thos. Pownder and wife, St Mary Quay, Ipswich, 1525.

Margaret Hornebolt, Fulham, Middlesex, 1529.

Andrew Evyngar and wife, All Hallows, Barking, c. 1535.

Duncan Liddell, M.D., St Nicholas, Aberdeen, 1613.

The Newcastle brass measures 7 ft. × 4 ft. 4 in. The civilian and his

wife completely fill the spaces under the canopy, so that no background

is necessary. There are saints and angels in the niches, and each soul

is shown borne aloft by angels and again in God the Father’s arms.

Below the main figures are seven sons and seven daughters, each under

a canopy. It is probably North German work. There are no less than 92

figures altogether.

The brasses to Pownder and Evyngar are both Flemish, and somewhat

similar in size and design. These sixteenth century brasses are much

smaller than those of the fourteenth century.

Pownder’s has a marginal inscription and an outer border of foliage.

The merchant and his wife stand beneath a Renaissance canopy. Two sons

and six daughters kneel at his feet.

Evyngar’s brass is very similar, but there is no border, and the

inscription is at the foot instead of round the edge.

Margaret Hornebolt was the wife of a Flemish painter from Ghent. The

brass is lozenge-shaped and shows her as a demi-figure in a shroud with

angels supporting the inscription. The Scotch brass was engraved in

Antwerp by the instruction of Liddel’s brother John. It is just over 5

ft. high. There is a marginal inscription, and half the space within it

is also filled with inscription.

The doctor is shown above this seated at table, with books, writing

materials, etc. around him. It reminds us of the seventeenth century

brasses to Airay and Bp. Robinson.

In the Victoria and Albert Museum are two other foreign brasses. The

larger is also Flemish, to Sire Louis Corteville and wife, 1504. It was

originally in the ruined chapel of the Castle of Corteville, Flanders,

thence passed to a shop in Antwerp and thence to the Jermyn Street

Museum. Recently it has been set up at South Kensington. It has a

fillet of foliage and within that a border inscription. The places of

the four Evangelists at the corners are filled by shields; there is no

canopy. Above the knight, his crest, helmet and coat-of-arms appear,

above his wife, a coat-of-arms is supported by an angel. The heads of

both rest on embroidered cushions, and the background is covered with a

design of foliage.

The armour of the knight, though similar to that of the same date in

England, shows several minor variations, which should be studied by

those interested in the subject.

The other brass is much smaller and is of German origin. It is

to Henry Oskens, canon, from Nippes, near Cologne, 1535. It is

beautifully engraved. Oskens kneels in adoration to the Virgin. Rays

of light stream from behind her. These are coloured red, the rest of

the engraving being mostly filled in with black wax or some similar

substance. This, coupled with the fineness of the engraving, renders it

impossible to take a good rubbing.

This completes the list of foreign brasses in England. It will be

noticed that the majority of the earlier ones are German, and the later

Flemish.

One or two other brasses show traces of foreign (probably French)

work, but to them reference has already been made. Thus the knights

at Chartham and Minster, and the priest at Horsmonden were probably

engraved by French craftsmen. Since, however, only five or six late

brasses still survive in France, it is impossible to say for certain.

XIV

Canopies: a selection.

_Fourteenth Century._

Several at Cobham.

Hereford Cathedral, canopy and super-canopy, 1360.

Fletching, Sussex, double with centre shaft, c. 1380.

Letheringham, Suffolk, single, 1389.

Fulbourn, Cambs., single, 1391.

Stoke Fleming, Devon, double (peculiar), 1391.

Westminster Abbey, single, 1397.

Boston, Lincs., double triple, with super-canopy and saints in

shafts, 1398.

_Fifteenth Century._

Balsham, Cambs., triple, 1401.

Bottesford, Leics., triple, 1404.

Burgate, Suffolk, double, 1409.

Kidderminster, Worcs., triple, 1415.

Lynwode, Lincs., double with super-canopy, 1419.

Trotton, Sussex, double with super-canopy, 1419.

Horley, Surrey, single, c. 1420.

Warbleton, Sussex, single, 1436.

Okeover, Staffs., triple, 1447.

Hildersham, Cambs., single, 1466.

Enfield, Middlesex, triple, c. 1470.

Thornton, Bucks., quadruple, 1472.

Isleham, Cambs., triple, 1484.

Westminster Abbey, triple, 1498.

_Sixteenth Century._

Two, Ardingley, Sussex, double, engraved c. 1500 and 1504.

Cobham, double, 1506.

Hunstanton, triple with figures in side shafts, etc., 1506.

Wyvenhoe, Essex, triple, 1507.

Hillingdon, Middlesex, double, 1509.

Northleach, Glos., double, 1526.

Faversham, Kent, double, 1533.

Ashbourn, Derbs., double, 1538.

Fifteenth century brackets.

A Lady, Southfleet, Kent, 1414.

A Priest, Cotterstock, Northants. (with canopy), 1420.

A Priest, Cobham, Kent (with triple canopy), c. 1420.

John Bloxham and Jn. Whytton, priests, Merton Coll., Oxford, c.

1420.

Wm. Harwedon and wife, Gt. Harrowden, Northants., 1433.

Prior Langley, St Lawrence, Norwich, 1437.

Thos. Roose and wife, Sall, Norfolk, 1440.

Civilian and wife, St George, Colegate, Norwich, 1472.

Plain Crosses.

Unknown, Grainthorpe, Lincs., c. 1380.

Thos. Chichele and wife, Higham Ferrers, Northants., 1400.

Sir Roger Cheyne, Cassington, Oxon., 1414.

Margaret Oliver, Beddington, Surrey, 1425.

Rich. Tooner (priest), Broadwater, Sussex, 1445.

Joan Brokes, Peperharrow, Surrey, 1487.

Unknown, Royston, Herts., c. 1500.

Rich. Pendilton, Eversley, Hants., 1502.

Herward Bwllayen, Hever, Kent, c. 1520.

Alice Wyrley, Floore, Northants., 1537.

Octofoil Crosses with the deceased in the centre.

Nich. Aumberdene (fishmonger), Taplow, Bucks., 1350.

Wm. de Herleston (priest), Sparsholt, Berks., c. 1360.

A priest in civil dress, Merton College, Oxford, 1372.

A priest in cope, Hereford Cathedral, c. 1390.

John Lumbarde (priest), Stone, Kent, 1408.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

_General._

Manual for the Study of Monumental Brasses (Oxon., 1848).

Boutell’s Monumental Brasses (Lond., 1849).

Haines. Manual of Monumental Brasses (1861).

Waller’s Series of Monumental Brasses (Lond. and Oxford, 1863).

H. W. Macklin. Monumental Brasses (1890).

H. W. Macklin. The Brasses of England (Methuen, 1907).

_Counties._

Cotman’s Brasses of Norfolk (1813-16). Second Edition (Lond. 1839).

Brasses in Cambridge. Camden Society (1846).

F. Hudson. Brasses of Northamptonshire (1853).

G. Kite. Brasses of Wiltshire (1860).

E. H. W. Dunken. Brasses of Cornwall (1882).

C. T. Davis. Brasses in Worcestershire and Herefordshire (1884).

W. D. Belcher. Kentish Brasses (1888).

Rev. E. Farrar. Brasses of Norfolk (1890).

Ja. Thornely. Brasses in Lancs. and Cheshire (1893, Hull).

Grace Isherwood. Brasses in the Bedfordshire Churches.

W. F. Andrews. Brasses in Herefordshire (1903).

The Transactions of the Monumental Brass Society, London, since 1886.

_Foreign._

Monumental Brasses and Incised Slabs in Belgium (1849).

Books of Facsimiles of Monumental Brasses of the Continent of Europe by

Rev. W. F. Creeny, 1884.

[Illustration: Fig. 13. Laurence de St Maur, 1337, Higham Ferrers,

Northants.]

[Illustration: Fig. 14. John Blodwell, Dean of St Asaph, 1462, Balsham,

Cambs.]

INDEX

This index is meant as a guide to the most interesting brasses in each

county. At the same time, though it includes all mentioned in this

manual, it does not profess to be exhaustive. Where there are several

brasses at one church the author has often only given one or two,

knowing that when there the _brass-rubber_ will look round for others.

BEDFORDSHIRE--

Ampthill, _1450_, 119

Aspley Guise, _c. 1410_, 124

Bedford, _1663_, 140

Bromham, _c. 1435_, 52, 117; _1535_, 52

Cople, _c. 1410_, 24; _1544_, 136; _1556_, 136

Dean, _1501_, 125

Dunstable, _1450_, 119

Elstow, _c. 1525_, 130

Eyworth, _1624_, 138

Holwell, _1515_, 34

Luton, _1513_, 134

Marston Mortayne, _1451_, 118

Shillington, _1400_, 125

Wimington, _1391_, 14, 115

Yelden, _1434_, 123

BERKSHIRE--

Abingdon, _1501_, 128

Appleton, _1518_, 142

Ashbury, _c. 1360_, 115

Binfield, _1558_, 131

Blewbury, _1496_, 123; _1548_, 136

Bray, _1378_, 12, 92, 113; _1475_, 126

Childrey, _1507_, 77, 142; _1520_, 82, 142; _1529_, 128

Cookham, _1503_, 135; _1577_, 132

Hanney, West, _c. 1370_, 122

Reading, St Lawrence, _1538_, 131

Shottesbrook, _c. 1370_, 115

Sparsholt, _c. 1360_, 122, 147

Windsor, St Geo. Chapel, _1475_, 27; _1522_, 77, 98, 125; _1630_, 75;

_1633_, 75

Wittenham, Little, _c. 1585_, 68, 91, 137; _1683_, 141

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE--

Caversfield, _1538_, 80

Chalfont St Peter, _1545_, 51, 123

Chenies, _1469_, 121

Chesham Bois, _1520_, 135

Chicheley, _1558_, 62; _1560_, 142

Crawley, North, _1589_, 138

Denham, _c. 1440_, 48, 129; _1540_, 48, 130; _1561_ (lost), 68

Dinton, _1628_, 139

Drayton Beauchamp, _1368_, 113

Emberton, _1410_, 122

Eton College, _1489_, 125; _1503_, 125; _1522_, 126; _1535_, 123;

_1540_, 38

Halton, _1553_, 62

Hampden, Great, _1553_, 136

Haversham, _1605_, 142

Hedgerley, _1540_, 131

Marsworth, _1681_, 141

Milton Keynes, _1427_, 123

Penn, _1540_, 142; _1638_, 139

Quainton, _1360_, 116

Shalston, _1540_, 130

Taplow, _1350_, 97, 147; _1455_, 142; _1540_, 131

Thornton, _1472_, 27, 120, 146

Tingewick, _1608_, 70

Turweston, _1450_, 123

Twyford, _1550_, 136

Waddesdon, _1548_, 60, 142

Winchendon, Over, _1515_, 130

Wooburn, _1519_, 126; _c. 1520_, 77, 142

CAMBRIDGESHIRE--

Balsham, _1401_, 36, 90, 125, 145; _1462_, 37, 89, 126, end

Barton, _c. 1593_, 137

Bassingbourn, _1683_, 141

Burwell, _1542_, 31, 44, 78, 130

Cambridge,

Christ’s College, _c. 1535_, 128

King’s College, _1496_, 39, 127; _1528_, 125; _1558_, 61, 125

Queens’ College, _c. 1535_, 128

St John’s College, _1410_, 127

Trinity Hall, _1517_, 126; _c. 1530_, 127

St Bene’t’s, _1432_, 39

St Mary-the-Less, _c. 1480_, 127

Croxton, _1589_, 138

Ely Cathedral, _1554_, 42, 61, 129; _1614_, 138

Fulbourn, _1391_, 125, 145; _1477_, 123

Girton, _1492_, 126

Hildersham, _1379_, 95, 96; _1466_, 25, 119, 146; _1530_, 142

Hinxton, _1416_, 117

Horseheath, _1382_, 113

Impington, _1505_, 134

Isleham, _1451_, 118; _1484_, 120, 146

March, _1517_, 77, 134

Milton, _1553_, 62; _1660_, 140

Sawston, _1500_, 142

Shelford, Great, _1418_, 126

Shelford, Little, _c. 1480_, 127

Stow-cum-Quy, _c. 1465_, 119

Swaffham, _1638_, 139

Trumpington, _1289_, 3, 112

Westley Waterless, _c. 1325_, 4, 7, 112

Wilbraham, Little, _1521_, 38

Wood Ditton, _1393_, 114

CHESHIRE--

Chester, Holy Trinity, _1530_, 116; _1545_, 131

Macclesfield, _1460_, 119

Wilmslow, _1506_, 79

CORNWALL--

Callington, _c. 1465_, 120

Cardynham, _c. 1400_, 124

Quethiock, _1631_, 139

St Columb Major, _c. 1630_, 139

St Michael Penkevil, _1515_, 128; _c. 1640_, 139

Stratton, _1561_, 137

CUMBERLAND--

Carlisle Cathedral, _1496_, 128; _1616_, 69, 70, 98

Edenhall, _1458_, 27

DERBYSHIRE--

Ashbourn, _1538_, 146

Chesterfield, _1529_, 134

Dronfield, _1399_, 123

Etwall, _1512_, 77

Hathersage, _1463_, 119

Kedlestone, _1496_, 133

Morley, _1470_, 27, 77, 120

Norbury, _1538_, 136

Tideswell, _1483_, 122

DEVONSHIRE--

Chittlehampton, _1480_, 121

Clovelly, _1655_, 140

Dartmouth, _1408_, 116

Exeter Cathedral, _1403_, 126; _1409_, 116

Haccombe, _1586_, 137; _1656_, 140

Stoke Fleming, _1391_, 115, 145

Stoke-in-Teignmouth, _c. 1370_, 121

DORSETSHIRE--

Evershot, _1524_, 123

Knowle, _1572_, 137

Lytchett Maltravers, _c. 1470_, 142

Milton Abbey, _1565_, 56, 136

Pimperne, _1694_, 141

Wimborne Minster, _c. 1440_, 43

DURHAM--

Billingham, _1480_, 125

Sedgefield, _c. 1470_, 142

ESSEX--

Arkesden, _1440_, 118

Aveley, _1370_, 84, 113

Barking, _c. 1480_, 127; _1596_, 138

Bocking, _1420_, 117

Bowers Gifford, _1348_, 10

Chigwell, _1631_, 70, 72, 74

Chrishall, _c. 1370_, 113

Dagenham, _1479_, 28, 29, 30, 121, 130

Easton, Little, _c. 1420_, 122; _1483_, 27, 116

Gosfield, _1439_, 24

Halstead, _1409_, 116

Harlow, _1636_, 139

Horkesley, Little, _1412_, 17, 116

Ingrave, _c. 1500_, 134

Laindon, _c. 1480_, 123; _c. 1510_, 123

Latton, _1467_, 120; _c. 1485_, 133

Leigh, _1709_, 141

Pebmarsh, _c. 1320_, 4, 112

Sandon, _c. 1580_, 138

Shopland, _1371_, 113

Stifford, _c. 1480_, 142

Tiltey Abbey, _1562_, 137

Tolleshunt Darcy, _c. 1540_, 131

Upminster, _1455_, 120; _c. 1540_, 131; _1545_, 132

Wendensloft, _c. 1470_, 130

Wimbish, _1347_, 10, 97

Wyvenhoe, _1507_, 133, 134, 146; _1537_, 135

GLOUCESTERSHIRE--

Bristol,

St John, _1478_, 121

St Mary Redcliff, _1439_, 119; _1475_, 27; _c. 1480_, 122

St Peter, _1461_, 123

Temple Church, _1396_, 115; _c. 1460_, 133

Campden, Chipping, _1401_, 20; _1467_, 121

Cheltenham, _1513_, 135

Cirencester, _1440_, 119; _1462_, 25, 119; _c. 1480_, 124

Deerhurst, _1400_, 22, 23, 119

Gloucester, St Mary de Crypt, _1529_, 130

Minchinhampton, _c. 1510_, 130

Newland, _c. 1448_, 19, 118

Northleach, _c. 1400_, 118; _1458_, 121; _c. 1530_, 124; _1526_, 136,

146

Quinton, _c. 1430_, 129

Wootton-under-Edge, _1392_, 114

HAMPSHIRE--

Eversley, _1502_, 94, 147

Odiham, _c. 1540_, 131; _1636_, 135

Ringwood, _1416_, 126

Somborne, King’s, _c. 1380_, 14, 115

Stoke Charity, _1482_, 78

Thruxton, _c. 1425_, 117

Wallop, Nether, _1436_, 129

Winchester College, _1413_, 125; _1548_, 36, 61, 127, 131

St Cross, _1382_, 125

Isle of Wight,

Arreton, _1430_, 118

Calbourne, _c. 1380_, 113; _1652_, 75

Freshwater, _1370_, 113

Shorwell, _1518_, 124

HEREFORDSHIRE--

Hereford Cathedral, _1360_, 128, 145; _c. 1390_, 147; _1434_, 126;

_1435_, 117; _1524_, 78, 91; _1529_, 91; _1536_, 126

Ledbury, _c. 1410_, 127

Marden, _1614_, 66

HERTFORDSHIRE--

Aldbury, _1546_, 135

Aldenham, _1547_, 142

Ashridge House, _1395_, 122

Baldock, _c. 1480_, 142

Bayford, _c. 1545_, 132

Bennington, _c. 1450_, 37

Berkhampstead, Great, _1356_, 12, 115; _1365_, 113

Broxbourne, _1473_, 27, 56; _1531_, 134

Buckland, _1478_, 126

Clothall, _1519_, 123; _1541_, 127; _1602_, 138

Digswell, _1415_, 19

Hitchin, _1480-90_, 142; _1498_, 37, 126

Knebworth, _1414_, 126; _1582_, 137

Letchworth, _1475_, 123

Mimms, North, _c. 1360_, 84, 122

Royston, _c. 1500_, 147

St Albans,

Abbey, _1360_, 84, 128; _1401_, 128; _1411_, 118; _c. 1450_, 129;

_c. 1470_, 129; _1480_, 27, 120; _1519_, 136; _1521_, 130

St Michael, _c. 1380_, 113

Sawbridgeworth, _1433_, 117; _c. 1600_, 137

Standon, _1477_, 121

Watford, _1415_, 119

Watton, _1361_, 113; _c. 1370_, 129

Willian, _1446_, 123

KENT--

Addington, _1409_, 116; _1470_, 25, 120

Ash-next-Sandwich, _c. 1460_, 120; _1602_, 137

Aylesford, _1545_, 132

Beckenham, _1552_, 136

Borden, _1490_, 125

Boughton-under-Blean, _1587_, 64

Boxley, _1451_, 127

Brabourn, _1434_, 117

Canterbury,

St George, _1438_, 126

St Margaret, _1470_, 121

St Martin, _1591_, 137

Chart, Great, _c. 1470_, 121; _1680_, 75, 140

Chartham, _1306_, 3, 112, 145; _1456_, 126

Chelsfield, _1417_, 96

Chevening, _1596_, 138

Cliffe, _1652_, 140

Cobham, _1320_, 7, 88; _1354_, 113; _c. 1365_, 12, 99, 113; _1367_,

113; _1375_, 13, 114; _c. 1380_, 114; _1395_, 13, 77, 88, 115;

_1405_, 116; _1407_, 77, 90, 116; _1420_, 146; _1433_, 19;

_1506_, 146; _1529_, 134

Cranbrook, _c. 1520_, 135

Cray, St Mary, _1747_, _1773_, 76, 140

Dartford, _1402_, 118; _1454_, 120

Deal, Upper, _1606_, 135

Dover, St James, _c. 1590_, 138

Downe, _1596_, 138

Eastry, _1590_, 64

Faversham, _1533_, 133, 136, 146

Graveney, _c. 1370_, 115; _1436_, 119

Halstow, High, _1618_, 38

Hardres, Upper, _1405_, 91, 92, 93, 127

Herne, _c. 1420_, 118; _c. 1450_, 127; _1470_, 120

Hever, _1419_, 19; _c. 1520_, 147; _1538_, 116, 134

Hoo St Werburgh, _1412_, 122

Horsmonden, _c. 1340_, 122, 145

Kemsing, _c. 1320_, 32, 112

Leigh, _c. 1580_, 142

Lydd, _1420_, 127

Maling, East, _1522_, 125

Margate, St John, _1431_, 20; _1433_, 80; _1446_, 142; _1582_, 133;

_1615_, 82

Mereworth, _1371_, 113

Minster-in-Sheppey, _c. 1330_, 5, 7, 112, 145

Monkton-in-Thanet, _c. 1465_, 123

Northfleet, _1375_, 122

Otterden, _1408_, 116

Rochester, St Margaret, _1465_, 50

Saltwood, _1496_, 141

Seal, _1395_, 114

Sheldwich, _1394_, 114

Shorne, _1519_, 124

Southfleet, _1414_, 146

Stone, _1408_, 147

Sutton, East, _1638_, 71, 72

Upchurch, _1340_, 115

Westerham, _1563_, 132; _1567_, 68

Wickham, East, _c. 1325_, 8, 97, 112

Woodchurch, _c. 1320_, 8, 97, 112

LANCASHIRE--

Manchester Cathedral, _1458_, 125; _1515_, 129; _1548_, 131

Middleton, _1650_, 74

Sefton, _1568_, 137

Winwick, _1492_, 133; _1527_, 34

LEICESTERSHIRE--

Barwell, _1659_, 140

Bosworth, Husbands, _1648_, 140

Bottesford, _1404_, 77, 126, 145

Castle Donington, _1458_, 25, 119

Leicester, Wigston’s Hospital, _1543_, 142

Melton Mowbray, _1543_, 141

Stanford-on-Soar, _c. 1400_, 122

Wanlip, _1393_, 114

LINCOLNSHIRE--

Althorpe, _c. 1370_, 122

Bigby, _1642_, 140

Boston, _1398_, 14, 115, 145; _1657_, 140

Broughton, _c. 1370_, 113

Buslingthorpe, _c. 1290_, 3, 79, 112

Cotes, Great, _1503_, 130

Croft, _c. 1300_, 112

Edenham, _c. 1500_, 42, 129

Grainthorpe, _c. 1380_, 146

Gunby, _1400_, 115; _1419_, 119

Horncastle, _1519_, 81

Irnham, _1390_, 114

Laughton, _c. 1400_, 115; _1549_, 52

Lyndewode, _1419_, 118, 145

Rauceby, _1536_, 37, 126

Scrivelsby, _1545_, 134

Spilsby, _1410_, 116

Stamford, All Saints, _c. 1460_, 121; _1471_, 120; _1508_, 126

Tattershall, _1411_, 118; _1455_, 116; _c. 1510_, 126

MIDDLESEX--

Chelsea, _1555_, 136

Clerkenwell, St James, _1556_, 42, 61, 129

Ealing, _c. 1490_, 135

Edgeware, _1599_, 135

Enfield, _1470_, 27, 56, 57, 145

Fulham, _1529_, 143, 144

Greenford, Great, _c. 1515_, 123

Hackney, _1521_, 126; _1545_, 134

Harrow, _c. 1370_, 113; _c. 1390_, 114; _1442_, 126; _c. 1460_, 127

Hayes, _c. 1370_, 127; _c. 1450_, 118; _1576_, 137

Hillingdon, _1509_, 133, 134, 146

Isleworth, _1450_, 118; _1544_, 132; _1561_, 130, 148

Kilburn, St Mary, _1380_, 129

London (The City),

All Hallows’, Barking, _1437_, 118; _c. 1510_, 78; _1518_, 135; _c.

1535_, 143, 144; _1546_, 131

Great St Helen, _1482_, 127; _1510_, 134; _c. 1535_, 135

St Andrew Undershaft, _1539_, 136

St Bartholomew-the-Less, _1439_, 119

Museum, British, _1575_, 132

Museum, South Kensington, _1504_, 144; _1535_, 58

Northolt, _1610_, 138

Pinner, _c. 1580_, 135

Westminster Abbey, _1395_, 128; _1397_, 128, 145; _1399_, 13, 46,

47, 88, 115, 129; _1437_, 117; _1483_, 120; _1498_, 129, 146;

_1505_, 134; _1561_, 68, 128; _1661_, 140

Willesdon, _1517_, 126

MONMOUTHSHIRE--

Abergavenny, _1631_, 140

NORFOLK--

Acle, _1627_, 140

Bawburgh, _1505_, 82, 142; _1660_, 82, 143

Beachamwell St Mary, _c. 1385_, 122

Bedon, Kirby, _c. 1450_, 80

Blickling, _1401_, 116; _1458_, 120

Burg St Margaret, _1608_, 138

Burnham Thorpe, _1420_, 117

Buxton, _1508_, 124

Cley, _c. 1520_, 124, 128

Clippesby, _1594_, 137

Creake, North, _c. 1500_, 124

Creake, South, _1509_, 130

Dunston, _1649_, 143

Elsing, _1347_, 9, 88

Erpingham, _c. 1415_, 117

Fakenham, _c. 1500_, 141

Felbrigg, _c. 1380_, 113; _c. 1382_, 14, 115; _1461_, 17, 18, 116,

117; _1608_, 137

Fransham, Great, _1414_, 117; _c. 1500_, 142

Frenze, _1519_, 130

Halvergate, _c. 1460_, 129; _1540_, 129, 131

Hedenham, _1502_, 124

Heigham, _1630_, 139

Helbroughton, _c. 1450_, 80

Hunstanton, _1506_, 92, 133, 134, 146

Loddon, _1462_, 80

Ludham, _1633_, 141

Lynn, St Margaret, _1349_, 84, 85; _1364_, 84, 85

Mattishall, _1507_, 135

Methwold, _1637_, 113

Narburgh, _1545_, 78

Necton, _1372_, 114

Norwich,

St Ethelred, _1487_, 123

St George, Colgate, _1472_, 146

St Giles, _1499_, 124

St John, Maddermarket, _1440_, 129; _1472_, 121; _1524_, _1525_,

92, 94; _1558_, 92, 94, 131

St Laurence, _1437_, 129, 146; _1452_, 143

St Michael-at-Plea, _1588_, 143

St Michael Coslany, _1515_, 142

St Peter Mancroft, _1568_, 132

Reepham, _1391_, 114

Rougham, _1470_, 120; _1510_, 135

Sall, _1440_, 146; _1454_, 142

Shernborne, _1458_, 119

Sparham, _1490_, 123

Stokesby, _1488_, 133

Surlingham, _1460_, 127; _1513_, 124

Upwell, _1428_, 37, 126; _1435_, 33, 37

Walsham, North, _1519_, 124

Walsingham, Little, _c. 1520_, 124

Wiggenhall, _1450_, 80

Witton, _1505_, 130

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE--

Blatherwycke, _1548_, 136

Boddington, Upper, _1627_, 140

Brington, Great, _c. 1340_, 127

Cotterstock, _1420_, 126, 146

Easton Neston, _1552_, 136

Fawsley, _1516_, 79

Floore, _1510_, 77; _1537_, 96, 147

Harrowden, Great, _1433_, 117, 146

Higham Ferrers, _1337_, 32, 33, 88, 89, 122, end; _c. 1510_, 141

Kettering, _1631_, 139

Lowick, _1467_, 27

Newton-by-Geddington, _c. 1400_, 96

Newton Bromshold, _1426_, 123

Northampton, St Sepulchre, _1640_, 139

Preston Deanery, _1622_, 137

Rothwell, _1361_, 125

Stoke Bruerne, _1625_, 140

Sudborough, _1415_, 33

Tansor, _1440_, 123

Wappenham, _1481_, 121

NORTHUMBERLAND--

Newcastle, _1429_, 143

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE--

Markham, East, _1419_, 19

Newark, _1715_, 141

Ossington, _1551_, 132

OXFORDSHIRE--

Brightwell Baldwin, _1439_, 22, 119

Burford, _1437_, 91

Cassington, _1414_, 146; _1590_, 142

Chalgrove, _1441_, 118

Checkendon, _1404_, 24

Chinnor, _c. 1320_, 8, 97, 112; _1361_, 127; _1385_, 13, 114; _1386_,

114; _1392_, 114; _1410_, 118

Dorchester, _c. 1510_, 46, 130

Ewelme, _1436_, 117; _1518_, 134

Holton, _1599_, 68

Ipsden, _1525_, 77, 133

Lewknor, _1380_, 115

Lillingstone Lovell, _1446_, 80

Lyne, Stoke, _1535_, 142

Northstoke, _1370_, 37

Norton, Chipping, _1451_, 119

Oddington, _c. 1500_, 82, 142

Oxford,

All Souls College, _1510_, 128

Christ Church, _c. 1460_, 121; _1557_, 61, 125

Corpus Christi, _c. 1530_, 142

Magdalen College, _1478_, 127; _1501_, 38; _1515_, 125; _1558_, 38,

61

Merton College, _c. 1310_, 8, 32, 97, 112; _1372_, 147; _c. 1420_,

38, 90, 92, 146; _1471_, 126

New College, _1403_, 126; _1417_, 40, 41, 128; _1427_, 127; _1441_,

127; _1472_, 142; _1494_, 126; _1508_, 38; _c. 1510_, 121; _c.

1525_, 129; _1592_, 137

Queen’s College, _1518_, 36, 126; _1616_, 69, 98, 138; _1616_

(another), 69, 70

Rotherfield Grays, _1387_, 114

Shirburn, _1493_, 77

Soulderne, _1508_, 123

Swinbrook, _1510_, 134

Tew, Great, _1410_, 116

Thame, _c. 1460_, 119

Waterperry, _c. 1370_, 114; _1527_, 51

Watlington, _1501_, 142

Whitchurch, _1456_, 123; _1610_, 138

Witney, _c. 1500_, 135

RUTLAND--

Casterton, Little, _c. 1410_, 116

SHROPSHIRE--

Acton Burnell, _1382_, 11, 90, 113

Adderley, _1390_, 128

Tong, _1467_, 25, 26, 125, 128

SOMERSETSHIRE--

Ilminster, _c. 1440_, 118; _1618_, 137

Shepton Mallet, _1649_, 139

Wedmore, _c. 1630_, 141

Wells Cathedral, _1626_, 160

Yeovil, _c. 1460_, 129

STAFFORDSHIRE--

Clifton Campville, _c. 1360_, 133

Kinver, _1528_, 134

Norbury, _c. 1350_, 114

Okeover, _1538_, 51, 146

SUFFOLK--

Acton, _1302_, 3, 112

Ampton, _c. 1490_, 133

Bildeston, _1599_, 66, 67

Brundish, _c. 1360_, 122; _1560_, 136

Burgate, _1409_, 145

Bury St Edmunds, _1519_, 125

Campsey Ash, _1504_, 123

Easton, _1584_, 64, 65, 137

Eyke, _c. 1430_, 119

Fressingfield, _c. 1485_, 120

Gazeley, _1530_, 124

Gorleston, _c. 1320_, 4, 112

Hadleigh, _c. 1560_, 49, 132

Holbrook, _1470_, 120

Ipswich,

St Mary Quay, _1525_, 143

St Mary Tower, _c. 1475_, 121; _1506_, 121

Kenton, _1524_, 134

Lavenham, _1486_, 142

Letheringham, _1389_, 114, 145

Melford, Long, _c. 1480_, 120

Melton, _1430_, 127

Oulton, _1310_ (lost), 8

Playford, _1400_, 115

Rendham, _1523_, 124

Rougham, _1405_, 116

Sotterley, _c. 1630_, 139

Stonham Aspal, _1606_, 69

Wenham, Little, _1514_, 133

Wrentham, _1593_, 137

Yoxford, _1428_, 117; _1485_, 142; _1613_, 138

SURREY--

Addington, _1540_, 134

Albury, _1440_, 118

Beddington, _1425_, 146; _1432_, 118

Betchworth, _1533_, 123

Bookham, Great, _1668_, 75, 160

Byfleet, _1489_, 125

Carshalton, _c. 1490_, 133

Charlwood, _1553_, 136

Cheam, _1370_, 115; _1542_, 77, 131

Cobham, _c. 1500_, 78; _c. 1550_, 131

Cranley, _1503_, 78

Crowhurst, _1450_, 118

Croydon, _1512_, 126

Ewell, _1519_, 134

Guildford, _1901_, 111

Horley, _1420_, 19; _1516_, 52, 145

Horsley, East, _1478_, 40, 128

Kingston-on-Thames, _1437_, 118

Lambeth St Mary, _1535_, 135; _1545_, 136

Lingfield, _c. 1370_, 13, 114; _1403_, 116; _1420_, 19; _1469_, 123

Molesey, West, _c. 1510_, 142

Oxted, _1480_, 120

Peperharrow, _1487_, 77, 147

Puttenham, _1431_, 123

Richmond, _1591_, 137

Shere, _1412_, 122; _c. 1525_, 105

Stoke d’Abernon, _1277_, 2, 56, 112; _1327_, 4, 5, 112

Walton-on-Thames, _1587_, 50

Weybridge, _c. 1520_, 143

Wonersh, _1503_, 135

SUSSEX--

Amberley, _1424_, 27

Ardingley, _c. 1500_, 56, 58, 133, 135, 146; _1504_, 56, 133, 134,

146; _1634_, 72

Arundel, _1419_, 125; _1445_, 123; _1463_, 119

Battle, _1426_, 117; _c. 1430_, 123; _1615_, 138

Bodiam, _c. 1360_, 113

Broadwater, _1432_, 126

Buxted, _1408_, 97

Clapham, _1526_, 53, 54, 55, 77

Cowfold, _1433_, 45, 46, 90, 129

Etchingham, _1388_, 114

Firle, West, _1638_, 142

Fletching, _c. 1380_, 113, 145; _1450_, 20

Horsham, _1411_, 37; _c. 1430_, 33

Hurstmonceaux, _1407_, 116

Isfield, _1579_, 136

Ore, _c. 1440_, 118

Pulborough, _1423_, 126; _1452_, 119

Stopham, _c. 1460_, 122; _1614_, 137

Ticehurst, _c. 1370_, 113; _1546_, 52

Trotton, _1310_, 5, 8, 112; _1419_, 116, 117, 145

Warbleton, _1436_, 126, 145

Wiston, _1426_, 117

WARWICKSHIRE--

Aston, _1545_, 136

Baginton, _1407_, 15, 116

Coleshill, _1566_, 138

Merevale Abbey, _1412_, 116

Middleton, _1476_, 121

Warwick,

St Mary, _1401_, 15, 16, 115

St Nicholas, _1424_, 122

Wellesbourne, _1426_, 117

Wixford, _1411_, 116

WESTMORLAND--

Morland, _1562_, 131

WILTSHIRE--

Dauntsey, _1514_, 134

Draycott Cerne, _1394_, 114

Fovant, _1492_, 77, 127

Mere, _1398_, 114

Salisbury Cathedral, _1375_, 63, 98, 128; _1578_, 69

WORCESTERSHIRE--

Alvechurch, _1524_, 134

Blockley, _1488_, 127; _c. 1500_, 123

Bredon, _1650_, 140

Kidderminster, _1415_, 117, 145

Strensham, _c. 1390_, 114

Tredington, _1427_, 126

YORKSHIRE--

Aldborough, _c. 1360_, 113

Aughton, _1466_, 120

Bainton, _1429_, 123

Barton-on-Humber, _1433_, 118

Beeford, _1472_, 37

Borstall, _1632_, 142

Bradfield, _1647_, 139

Brandsburton, _1397_, 114

Burton, Bishop, _1460_, 124

Cottingham, _1383_, 125

Cowthorpe, _1494_, 121

Hampsthwaite, _c. 1380_, 115

Harpham, _1445_, 118

Hornby, _1489_, 130

Howden, _1621_, 131

Hutton, Sheriff, _1657_, 140

Kirby Wharfe, _1480_, 126

Kirkheaton, _1655_, 74

Leeds St Peter, _1469_, 124; _1709_, 141

Owston, _1409_, 118

Ripley, _1429_, 124

Routh, _c. 1410_, 19, 117

Sessay, _1550_, 61, 127, 131

Sprotborough, _1474_, 25, 120

Thornton Watlass, _1669_, 140

Topcliffe, _1391_, 84

Wath, _1420_, 119

Wensley, _c. 1360_, 84, 86, 122

Winestead, _c. 1540_, 132

York,

Minster, _1315_, 8, 40, 112, 128; _1585_, 138; _1595_, 138

All Saints, _1642_, 139

St Crux, _1597_, 138

St Michael Spurriergate, _1466_, 124

IRELAND--

Dublin, St Patrick, _1528_, 98, 125; _1537_, 98, 99, 125

WALES--

Anglesea, Beaumaris, _c. 1530_, 115

Denbigh, Llanrwst, _1620_, _1632_, _1658_, _1660_, _1669_, _1671_,

73, 139, 140

Glamorgan, Swansea, _c. 1500_, 78, 79

Montgomery, Bettws, _1531_, 123

Pembroke, Haverfordwest, _1654_, 140

SCOTLAND--

Aberdeen, _1613_, 143, 144

THE CONTINENT--

Belgium,

Bruges, _15th cent._, 83

Brussels, _1398_, 83

Ghent, _14th cent._, 83

Denmark, Ringstead, engr. _c. 1350_, 83, 85

Germany,

Lübeck, _1356_, 83, 84

Schwerin, _1347_, 86; _1375_, 86

Stralsund, _1361_, 83, 84

Thorn, _1357_, 83, 84

Verden, _1231_, 1

Switzerland, Constance, _15th cent._, 84

Cambridge:

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AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

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