whether the feast commemorates St Peter’s ordination, or the day of his
arrival in Rome, or the foundation of the Roman Church, etc. His history
of the feast is based upon antiquated material, and the greater part of
the treatise is occupied with the proof that St Peter had visited Rome.
[647] MARQUARDT MOMMSEN, _Röm. Staatsverwaltung_, iii., 2nd ed., 311
_seqq._
[648] Such exclamations as “Bene vos! Bene te patriæ pater, Optime
Cæsar!” were common. OVID, _Fasti_, 2, 616-638. VALERIUS MAX., 2, 1, 8.
MARTIAL., 9, 54. BONGHI, _Die römischen Feste_, translated by Ruhemunn,
Vienna, 1892, 41.
[649] TERTULLIAN., _De Idol._, c. 10.
[650] AUGUSTIN., _Sermo_, 190, 191; _Opera_, v.
[651] See the second Council of Tours, A.D. 567, can. 22.
[652] _Rationale div. off._, c. 83. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, ccii. 87.
[653] GREG. I., _Epist. ad Mellitum_, 11, 76 al.; 9, 71. MIGNE, _Patr.
Lat._, lxxvii. 1215. Statements to the same effect are found in
AUGUSTIN., _Epist._, 47; THEODORET, _De Græc. aff. cur._, 8; SIDONIUS
AP., _Epist._, 4, 15.
[654] Edited by Henschen, _Acta SS. Boll. Junii VII._; MIGNE, _Patr.
Lat._, xiii.; and recently by Mommsen in the _Corpus Inscr. Lat._, tit. i.
[655] The bishops of Sedunum attended the Councils of Maçon, and
belonged, at a later date, to the province of the Tarantaise. WILTSCH,
_Kirchl. Geographie u. Statistik_, i. 323, 355.
[656] MABILLON, _De Lit. Gall._, ii. 23. MIGNE, lxxii. 182; see also 472,
and DUCHESNE, _Origines du Culte Chrétien_, 266 _et seq._
[657] _Spicilegium_, t. ii.; see _infra_, p. 401.
[658] RANKE, VI. xxx.
[659] According to the edition of DE ROSSI and DUCHESNE in the _Acta SS.
Boll._, we find on the 20th Jan., XV. Kal. Febr., in the Weissenburg
Codex: “Dedicatio Cathedra (sic) S. Petri Apostoli, qua primo Romæ Petrus
Apostolus sedit.” Epternach Codex: “Depositio S. Mariæ et Cathedra Petri
in Roma.” The Bern Codex is imperfect here. On the 22nd February, VIII.
Kal. Mart., the Weissenburg Codex has: “Natale S. Petri Apostoli Cathedra
quam sedit apud Antiochia” (sic). The Epternach has: “Cathedra Petri in
Antioc. et Romæ.” The Bern Codex: “Cathedra S. Petri Apostoli quam sedit
apud Antiochiam.”
[660] BINTERIM & MOOREN, _Die Erzdiözese Köln im Mittelalter_, i., 2nd
ed., 528.
[661] _Bullarium_, ed. Lux., i. 832.
[662] See BÄUMER, 510.
[663] CLEMENTIS ROM., _Recogn_., 10, 70. For a different opinion, see FR.
X. KRAUS, in the third appendix to his _Roma Sott._, and MARUCCHI, who
wrongly considers the feast of the 22nd February commemorated the Vatican
chair of St Peter and that of the 18th January his chair at the Ostrian
Cemetery. Unfortunately the latter feast was unknown in Rome before the
16th century.
[664] Concerning this point, see SCHANZ, _Kommentar zu Matthäus_, 504;
_Markus_, 417; _Lukas_, 251.
[665] CLEMENTIS ROM., _Recogn._, 3, 68.
[666] According to Duchesne, it is the work of a student of Magdalen
College, Oxford, called Rabanus, and belongs to the year 1456. RIETSCH,
10. The work is printed in Migne, _Patr. Gr._, i. 112.
[667] MURALT, _Chron. Byz._, i. 468, 477.
[668] MORCELLI, i. 101, 288 note. Baumstark communicated to the _Röm.
Quartalschrift_, 1900, 310, a Syrian text independent of the Byzantine
tradition, which mentioned Citium as the place of Lazarus’ burial.
[669] EBNER, _Inter Ital._, Freiburg, 1896, 292, 5, 14, 104, etc.
[670] GREGOR. TUR., _De Gloria Mart._, c. 30. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._,
lxxi. 731. MODESTUS in _Photius_, _Bibl._, cod. 275; ed. Bekker, § 11.
ANONYMUS, in _Vita Willibaldi_, c. 5. MABILLON, _Vitæ SS. Ord. Bened._,
iii., 2, 384. TILLEMONT, _Hist. Eccl._, i. 4.
[671] GLYCAS, _Ann._, 4, 198; ed. Bonn, 554. ZONARAS, 16, 12, § 11, _op.
cit._
[672] See Sdralek, art. “Translation” in KRAUS’ _Realenzykl_., and
ACHELIS, _Die Martyrologien_, 74-76. The editors of the _Monumenta
Germaniæ_ are fully alive to the value of incidents of this kind for the
history of any period.
[673] JAFFÉ (_Reg. R.P._) is doubtful as to its authenticity.
[674] _Synodus S. Symmacho_, 499. THIEL., _Ep. Rom. Pont._, 653. _Lib.
Pontif._, ed. Duchesne, i. 305, 307. VENANTIUS FORT., _Miscellanea_, i.
20; 8, 6.
[675] PASCHALIS I., _Epist._, i. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cii. 1086.
[676] Printed in RUINART, _Acta Mart._, 633. The Calendar of
Münsterbilsen in BINTERIM is mentioned further on, page 411.
[677] Pope Symmacus is called “papa urbis” by Avitus in the inscription
of one of his letters. THIEL, _Epistolæ Romanorum Pontificum_, 730. In
an inscription in the catacombs the pope describes himself as: “Ego,
Damasus, urbis Romæ Episcopus.”
[678] GRISAR, art. “Liberius” in the _Kirchenlexikon_, vii., 2nd ed.,
1945, and J. WITTIG, _Papst Damasus: Röm. Quartalschrift_, 1902, 77-86.
[679] DESSAU and VON ROHDEN, _Prosographia Imperii Rom._, iii., Berlin,
1897, 349.
[680] See NORIS, _Cenotaphia Pisana_, Venet. 1781, 431 _et seq._, and
MURATORI, _Dissertatio_, i. and ii., in the _Opera S. Paulini Nol._
MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxi. 779 _et seqq._
[681] PAULINUS NOL., _Poema_, 21; v. 60-80, 210-215, 285-290, refer to
the father; v. 314-324, to the son Turcius Asterius. See MURATORI, _op.
cit._
[682] _Cf._ my articles in the _Tüb. Quartalschr._, 1902, 237 _seqq._;
1903, 321 _seqq._; 1905, 258 _seqq._ Fr. Hippolyte Delahaye, in
the _Analecta Bollandiana_ (xxii. 1903, 86 _seq._), when reviewing
my articles, characterised my statements as “trop ingenieuses” and
“fragiles,” without, however, being able to adduce any arguments on the
other side. My first opponent, Dr Kirsch, was at least sufficiently
fortunate as to ferret out a misprint. The sole attempt to overthrow my
conclusions reduces itself to the remark that the “Depositio Martyrum”
is not an exhaustive catalogue of all the Roman martyrs who had suffered
previously to its compilation. I never said it was. But did it not
contain all the _martyres recogniti_ in Rome at the commencement of the
fourth century (_cf._ below, page 350, for Mommsen’s remarks on this
point), it would be a worthless piece of paper from which nothing could
be gathered. Fr. Delahaye seems not to understand that, in dealing with
material of this kind, it is of the utmost importance to start with
what is actually known of the Roman officials and governments of the
period. When he scornfully criticises my work as “trop ingenieux,” I
must say that on my part I have found nothing in his obscure ex cathedra
assertions to upset the date given above to the martyrdom of St Cecilia.
[See LIGHTFOOT, _Apostolic Fathers_, pt. ii. vol. i. 516-522, for a
discussion on St Cecilia’s martyrdom.—Trans.]
[683] NILLES (_Kalendarium_), who usually pays no regard to his reader’s
desire for information on disputed questions, is entirely silent
concerning St Catherine. On the other hand, Kaulen has been satisfied
with following the much criticised article by PFÜLF (_Kirchenlexikon_,
vii². 335), an imperfect piece of work.
[684] _Carmina_, 22-24, ed. Ughelli, _Ital. S._, 10, 47. MIGNE, _Patr.
Lat._, cxlvii. 1240 _seqq._
[685] See PETRUS DAM., _Epist._, 8, 5. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxliv. 471.
[686] Ἐγκώμιον ἐις τοὺς ἁγίους πάντας ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ μαρτυρήσαντες
MIGNE, _Patr. Gr._, l. 706-712.
[687] _Liber Pont._, ed. Duchesne, i. 317: “Fecit ecclesiam B. Mariæ
semper virginis et omnium martyrum.” See BEDE, _Hist. Angl._, 2, 4;
PAULUS DIAC., _Hist. Long._, 4, 37; RORBACHER-RUMP, _Kirchengesch._, x.
107 _seqq._
[688] _Liber Pont._, ed. Duchesne, i. 417.
[689] _Id. op._, i. 419. BIANCHINI, 200.
[690] BELETH, _Rationale_, 127. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, ccii. PROBST
(_Kirchenlexikon_, i., 2nd ed., art. “Allerheiligen”) is incorrect in
some of his statements concerning the parts played by Gregory III. and
Gregory IV.
[691] ADO, _Martyrol._, Kal. Nov.: “In Galiis monente s. record. Gregorio
pontifice piissimus Ludovicus imperator omnibus regni et imperii sui
episcopis consentientibus statuit, ut solemniter festivitas omnium
sanctorum in prædicta die annuatim perpetuo ageretur.” MIGNE, _Patr.
Lat._, cxxiii. 387. Sigebert Gembl. gives the year of its introduction:
“Monente Gregorio papa et omnibus episcopis assentientibus Ludovicus imp.
statuit, ut in Gallia et Germania festivitas omnium sanctorum in Kal.
Nov. celebraretur, quam Romani ex institutione Bonifatii papæ celebrant.”
_Chron._, ad ann. 835. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, clx. 159.
[692] NAT. ALEXANDER, _Hist. Eccl._, 8, 23; ed. Paris, 1699.
[693] See ISIDORI, _Reg. Mon._, c. 24, No. 2. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._,
lxxxiii. 894. A mass for the dead was to be celebrated for all the
departed on the day after Pentecost.
[694] Printed in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxlii. 1038, from the _Bibl.
Cluniac._, 338.
[695] _Consuet. Farf._; ed. Albers, 124 (where it is enjoined that the
masses be applied for all souls). _Consuet. of the Carthusians_, by Guigo
(† 1137), c. 11. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, clii. 655.
[696] BINTERIM, _Denkw._, v. 494.
[697] BINTERIM and MOOREN, _Die Erzdiözese Köln_, i., 2nd ed., 536.
The archivium of St Peter’s in Aix-la-Chapelle possesses a martyrology
belonging to the monastery of the “Kreuzherren,” formerly existing there.
It dates from 1382, and is preceded by a calendar. In this All Souls’ Day
does not appear, neither do St Peter’s Chair on the 18th January, nor St
Gereon and his companions; the eleven thousand virgins are mentioned, but
without St Ursula.
[698] BEROLDUS, 222 _seqq._ (ed. Magistretti). Magistretti is plainly
mistaken when he says the Church of Milan was the first to follow the
example of St Odilo.
[699] SOZOMENUS, _Hist. Eccl._, 2, 3. THEOPHANES, _Chronogr._, 18, ed.
Bonn, 33. PROCOP., _De Acclif._, i. 9. NICEPHORUS, _Hist. Eccl._, 7, 50.
[700] MORCELLI, i. 219, and _Acta SS. Boll._, _loc. cit._, 57.
[701] EPIPHANIUS, _Hær._, 21, and THEODORET on _Col._ ii. 18, speak of
the heresy in question. See THOMASSIN, 440.
[702] AMBROSIUS, _Epist._, 21 (11). HILARIUS, _Hom. in Matth._ xxviii.,
and on _Psalms_ 119 and 137. See BAILLET, vi. 2, 404-413.
[703] _Sacram. Leon._ MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lv. 103.
[704] This addition is also found in a missal at Padua belonging to the
ninth century. See EBNER, _Iter Ital._, 127.
[705] _Lib. Pont._, ed. Duchesne, i. 262: “intra civitatem,” and the note.
[706] _Acta SS. Boll._, Sept. tit. viii. ADO, _Mart._, 29th Sept. It
stood, according to Ado, in summitate circi, according to Baronius:
circuli molis Hadriani, _i.e._ on the terrace of the Castle of St Angelo.
[707] _Cf._ Lectionary of Silos.
[708] SPELMAN, _Conc._, i. 520.
[709] As, for example, in the ninth century Calendars of Stablo and
Cologne. Notker Balbulus is ignorant of the church on the Via Salaria,
but gives the story of Monte Gargano on the 29th September. MIGNE, _Patr.
Lat._, cxxxi. 1154.
[710] It is the same with the missals of Ivrea and Florence in EBNER,
_Iter Ital._, 28 and 52.
[711] See SCHROD., art. “Schutzengelfest” in the _Kirchenlexikon_, x.,
2nd ed., 2015. The Spanish calendars printed in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._,
lxxxv. and lxxxvi., have not the Festival of the Guardian Angels.
[712] MARZOHL and SCHNELLER, iv. 707 note.
[713] TILLEMONT, _Hist. des Emp._, iv., art. ix. 251 _et seq._ Also 93,
art. lxii.
[714] NICEPH. CALL., _Hist. Eccl._, 8, 31. TILLEMONT, _Mém._, vii., art.
viii. 8.
[715] THEOPHANES, _Chronogr._, ed. Bonn, i. 37-40.
[716] AMBROSIUS, _De Obitu Theod._, c. 40. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xvi.
1399. PAULINUS NOL., _Epist. ad Severum_. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxi. 326.
THEODORET, _Hist. Eccl._, i. 18.
[717] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxiv. 374: “Via Lavicana S. Helenæ, matris
Constantini imperatoris.” The place of her first burial was the present
Torre Pignattara.
[718] [She appears, however, in the supplement to both the Breviary and
Missal. Trans.]
[719] MARUCCHI, _Nuovo Bull. di Arch. Christ._, iv. 163, takes the
opposite view.
[720] _Vita Constant._, 3, 25.
[721] _Op. cit._, cc. 26-28.
[722] _Op. cit._, cc. 33-40.
[723] _Op. cit._, cc. 42, 43.
[724] In this he says that wonderful things have taken place at the
Lord’s sepulchre during his own life-time. In Constantine’s letter to
Macarius also the references are expressed in general terms.
[725] SOCRATES, _Hist. Eccl._, i. 17. SOZOMENUS, 2, 1. THEODORET, i. 18.
THEOPHANES, _Chronogr._, i., ad ann. m. 5817, Chr. 317. CHRYSOSTOM., _In
Joann._, 84. RUFIN., _Hist. Eccl._, i. 8. SULPICIUS SEV., 2, 34.
[726] _Epist. ad Severum_, 21, 5.
[727] _Excerpta Lat. Barbari_, ed. Frick, 359. THEOPHANES gives a
still earlier date, _i.e._ 5817 of the world = 317 A.D. He also places
the death of Macarius and Helena in the same year as the discovery of
the cross. In the _Excerpta Barbari_ we find the words πρὸ ἡ καλανδῶν
Δεκεμβρίων, but this must be an error, for immediately afterwards follows
ὅ ἐστι Θώθ ιζ’. THOTH coincides with September, not with December.
See SCHOENE, _Euseb. Chron._, i. 234. The _Liber Pontificalis_, “Vita
Euseb.,” i. 167, places the finding of the cross on the 3rd May 310; but
this is obviously a mistake.
[728] DUCHESNE, _Lib. Pont._, i., preface, cviii.
[729] _Peregr. Silviæ_, c. 48, ed. Geyer, 74 cod.
[730] GEYER, _Itin. Hierosol._, 149.
[731] ARCULF in Adamnanus, _De Locis Sanctis_, 3, 3; _ib._ 287.
[732] MURALT, _Chronogr. Byz._, i., 272, 286. THEOPHANES, ed. Bonn, i.
504, ad ann. 6120. _Chron. Pasch._, ed. Bonn, i. 704, ad ann. 6122,
relates only the carrying away of the cross, and then concludes.
[733] The _Menologium Constantinopolitarium_ has an “Adoratio Pretiosæ
Crucis” on 31st July, the meaning of which is not stated. MORCELLI, i. 63.
[734] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxxii. 285, 511.
[735] See the new edition by Wilson.
[736] The text of DE ROSSI and DUCHESNE in _Act. SS._ (54). A better word
would have been “recuperatio.”
[737] EBNER, _Quellen und Forschungen zur Gesch. des Missale_, _etc._,
Freiburg, 1896, 123. In addition to these two festivals in honour of the
Holy Cross, the Egyptians and Abyssinians celebrate one on the 6th March,
“Manifestatio S. Crucis per Heraclium Imp.,” instead of the 3rd May. See
the _Synaxaria_ in SELDENIUS and MAI.
[738] MAGISTRETTI, _op. cit._, 141.
[739] DUCHESNE, _Origines_, 113-137.
[740] EBNER (_Iter. Italicum_, 381) proves against Probst that the letter
deals not with an antiquated rite, but with the rite then actually in use
in Rome.
[741] _Epist. Hadr._, 49; _Cod. Carol._, 72. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xcviii.
435. The oldest of the numerous existing MSS. is the Codex Ottobonianus
313 (ninth century), originally belonging to Paris. The codex in the
library of the seminary at Mainz is of the middle of the ninth century.
In the Cathedral Library at Cologne are two codices, No. 137 belonging to
the end of the ninth century, and No. 88 somewhat more recent.
[742] Printed together in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxxii., from the edition
of Mabillon. [See E. Bishop’s art. on the “Earliest Roman Mass-book,”
_Dublin Review_, Oct. 1894. Trans.]
[743] BINTERIM, _Denkw._, v. 18 _et seq._ HONTHEIM, _Prodromus_, i. 358.
[744] See the author’s article in the _Tüb. Quartalschrift_, 1905,
590-608.
[745] _E.g._, the Ordinarium of the diocese of Rouen, etc., in MIGNE,
_Patr. Lat._, cxlvii. 157; the _Consuetudines Avellanenses_, _ib._ cli.
[746] See Appendix xi.
[747] _Regula ad monachos._ MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxviii. 396.
[748] “Ut ad capitulum primitus martyrologium legatur et dicatur versus,
deinde regula aut homilia quælibet legatur, deinde a ‘Tu autem’ dicatur”
(HARDOUIN, _Conc._, iv. 1232).
[749] LEO ALLATIUS, _De Libris Eccl. Græcorum_, Romæ, 1645, 78, 82, 91.
DANIEL, _Cod. Lit._, iv. 320 _et seq._
[750] With regard to the Chronograph of 354, Leipzig, 1850, 581, the
title runs: Hic continentur dies nataliciorum martyrum et depositiones
episcoporum, quos ecclesia Carthaginis anniversaria celebrat.
[751] The statement in TEUFFEL (_Gesch. der Röm. Literatur_, iv. 118)
that everything savouring of heathen superstition is omitted, is
incorrect.
[752] W. WRIGHT, in _Journal of Sacred Literature_, October 1865 and
January 1866. A better edition is given by DUCHESNE, _Acta SS. Boll._,
Nov. II. 1, lii.-lxv., under the title: Breviarium Syriacum. [It is
perhaps only fair to add that all scholars are not agreed upon the Arian
character of this document. Trans.]
[753] PHILOSTORGIUS, _Hist. Eccl._, 4, 7, _passim_.
[754] LE QUIEN, _Oriens Christ._, ii. 718.
[755] _Op. cit._, ii. 1107 and 1237.
[756] SOZOMENUS, _Hist. Eccl._, 2, 13, 14.
[757] LE QUIEN, _Oriens Christ._, ii. 1102. NESTLE, _Theol.
Literaturztg._, 1894, No. 2, 43.
[758] SAMUEL ANIAN., ed. Mai, 43.
[759] See H. ACHELIS, _Die Martyrologien, ihre Geschichte und ihr Wert_,
Berlin, 1900, 61.
[760] The Bononia mentioned on the 30th December is not Bologna, but
Bononia in Mœsia, now Widdin, to which, according to other documents,
the martyr Hermes also belonged. The town of Tomi, now Kustendsche, was
called Constantia at the end of the fourth century, but in this document
and in Peutinger’s table it appears under its old name. Constantinople
(11th May) and Byzantium (19th May) appear side by side, which marks the
date when this document was drawn up. Babiduna is a slip for Noviodunum
in Mœsia, now Isaktscha.
[761] See ACHELIS, _op. cit._, 33 _et seq._, for the connection between
the Arian martyrology and the _Hieronymianum_.
[762] DUCHESNE, _Acta SS. Boll._, Nov. II., lviii. It is better to say
from the 8th to the 30th than from the 6th to the 30th; for Tirinus
and his sixteen companions are not to be found in the _Hieronymianum_,
and, instead of Arius on 6th June, the Bern Codex has: In Alexandria
Arthoci; the Epternach has Artotis; and the Weissenburg, Ari-thoti. It is
impossible to say whether these names are intended for Arius or not.
[763] See TILLEMONT, _Mém._, vi. 8, art. xxv.
[764] According to the view of DUCHESNE and ACHELIS, the 6th July was the
day of his death. In this case the year would be 335.
[765] The name Eusebius occurs very frequently in this calendar, both
with and without distinguishing additions.
[766] CHRYS., _Hom._, i. 291.
[767] _Hist. Eccl._, 6, 39, 4.
[768] It is printed in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xviii. 878.
[769] Nos autem pæne omnium martyrum distinctis per dies singulos
passionibus collecta in uno codice nomina habemus atque cotidianis
diebus in eorum veneratione missarum solemnia agimus. Non tamen in eodem
volumine quis qualiter sit passus indicatur, sed tantummodo nomen,
locus et dies passionis ponitur. Unde fit, ut multi ex diversis terris
atque provinciis per dies, ut prædixi, singulos cognoscantur martyrio
coronati.—GREG. M., _Registrum_, 8, 29.
[770] The passage is capable of receiving various interpretations. See
DUCHESNE, _Prolegg. ad Mart. Hieron. in Acta SS._, Nov. II. xi., xlvii.
The words are as follows: “Passiones martyrum legite constanter, quas
inter alia in epistola S. Hieronymi ad Chromatium et Heliodorum destinta
procul dubio reperietis, qui per totum orbem terrarum floruere, ut sancta
invitatio vos provocans ad cœlestia regna perducat.” CASSIODOR., _Instit.
Div. Lit._, 32. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxx. 1147.
[771] BEDA, _Liber Retractionis in Acta Ap._, c. i. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._,
xcii. 997: Liber martyrologii, qui B. Hieronymi nomine ac præfatione
intitulatur, quamvis Hieronymus illius libri non auctor sed interpres,
Eusebius autem auctor exstitisse videatur.
[772] HILDUIN., _Epist. ad Ludov. Pium._ MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cvi. 19.
[773] [Since the appearance of the second edition of Dr Kellner’s
_Heortologie_, a work of the first importance on the Roman martyrology
has been published, _Les martyrologes historiques du moyen âge, par Don.
Henri Quentin, bénédictin de Solesmes_, Paris, 1908, Lecoffre. Trans.]
[774] B. KRUSCH (_Neues Archiv für ältere deutsche Gesch._, xx. [1895]
437-440 and xxvi. [1901] 349-389) is in favour of Autun as the place of
its origin. But what is gained?
[775] GRISAR (_Gesch. Roms._, 291) thinks it may belong to the time of
Xystus III. (433-446).
[776] Aug. Urbain has attempted to reconstruct the original Martyrologium
Romanum, as it was at the end of the fifth century from the
_Hieronymianum_ HARNACK: _Texte und Unters._, vi. 3, Leipzig, 1901.
[777] Martyrs of the name of Felix, number 118, Saturniuus 86, Januarius
68, Donatus 64, Cajus 40, Alexander 42, Lucian 28, etc. Similarly the
common feminine names and Thecla. Afra occurs four times. Strange
sounding names are found everywhere: _e.g._ Piperion, Prunimus,
Tipecirus, Herifilius, Manira, Itercola, Eunuculus, and Eununculus,
Barbalabia, etc. We are, however, ignorant of the names which the wealthy
Romans were wont to give to their slaves.
[778] See GREGOR. TURON., _Mirac._, i. 63. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxxi. 762.
[779] ACHELIS sees in the phrase “in Africa” a reference to the massacres
of Christians by the Vandals. See 101, _seqq._
[780] ACHELIS gives examples, 209, 242, etc.
[781] ACHELIS, 115-118, has collected together 68 instances, which he has
analysed critically and historically as far as possible.
[782] The entries respecting St Gereon and his companions may serve as
an example. St Ursula and Palmatius with the “innumerabiles trevirenses”
have no existence in the _Hieronymianum_. viii. Id. Oct. (8th October):—
BERNE |EPTERNACH |WEISSENBURG
| |
Nothing. | Agrippin. sct. Gereon | Nothing.
|et aliorum cccxcii. mart.|
| |
vii. Id. Oct. Gereon | Et alibi Cassi, eusebi,| Coloniæ Agrippine
cum sociis suis |florenti, jocundi; |nat. sctorum cccxvii.
trecentorum decim et |Agrippinæ depos. scor. |quorum nomina Deus
vii martirum quorum |mart. mart. maurorum cum |scit.
nomina Deus scit. |alis cccxxx. |
| |
vi. Id. Oct. Et | Nothing. | Et alibi ... Heracli,
alibi Cassi, eusebi, | |cassi, eusebi,
florenti, victoris, | |florenti, victoris,
Agrippinæ mallusi | |Agrippinæ mallus
cum aliis trecentos | |cum aliis cccxxx.
xxx. | |
[783] ACHELIS, 91 _seqq._
[784] If this be the case, and it is not free from doubt, still the name
of Arius was not read out “at the altar,” as ACHELIS states (87 and 98),
for the martyrologies were not read at the altar but in the choir, and
it would have happened only were the Weissenburg Codex in use, for other
codices have different readings. The reading of the martyrology—not of
the “Passions” of the martyrs—at the choir office dates back, as far as
the evidence exists, to the ninth century. Bishop Gregorius of Corduba,
whom ACHELIS (98, note 4) places at a very early period, is not an
historical personage; he exists only in the list of bishops contained in
the letters ascribed to St Jerome.
[785] In Codex 2171 nov. acqu. of the Nat. Libr., Paris, ed. by G. Morin
in _Anecdota Maredsolana_, vol. i. 1893. _Cf._ præf., ii., viii., xiii.,
etc. [See also _Le Liber ordinum de l’Eglise d’Espagne du Vᵉ au XIᵉ
siècle_, published by Dom. M. Férotin, 1904. Trans.]
[786] JOH. SELDENIUS, _De Synedriis et Præf. Jurid. Vet. Ebreorum._,
Amstelod., 1679, lib. 3, c. 15, 204-247.
[787] F. WÜSTENFELD, _Synaxarium_, Gotha 1879. Introduction.
[788] LE QUIEN, _Oriens Christ._, ii. 453.
[789] MURALT, _Chronogr. Byz._, i. 286.
[790] LE QUIEN, _op. cit._, 452, 476.
[791] A. MAI, _Nova Collectio Veterum Script._, iv. 15-34.
[792] WÜSTENFELD, _Synaxarium_, 10, Hatur. The Patriarchs mentioned above
are also omitted.
[793] LE QUIEN, _op. cit._, ii. 479 and 445-466.
[794] When the name of St John Chrysostom occurs more than once in the
Byzantine, Egyptian, and Syrian calendars, it commemorates certain events
connected with him besides the day of his death (14th September). Such
dates are the 7th May and the 13th November, the 27th January is the day
of his return to Constantinople, _i.e._ his translation by Proclus under
Theodosius II., in 448, and is celebrated by the Greeks and Syrians. The
meaning of the other two days is unknown; See Morcelli, i. 223; ii. 41.
[795] A. MAI, _Nova Collectio Veterum Script._, iv. 92-122.
[796] WÜSTENFELD, _Synaxarium, etc._, 97.
[797] _Op. cit._, 120 _seqq._
[798] MORCELLI, _Calend. Eccl. Const._ i., 227.
[799] MORCELLI (_op. cit._, i. 15), declares it is the oldest, and older
than the Menologium Sirleti in particular.
[800] MURALT, _Chronogr. Byz._, i. 475.
[801] Both appear in the Calendar of the Syrian Church: Jacobus Zebedæi
on the 30th April, Jacobus Alphæi on the 9th October, and Jacobus frater
Domini on the 23rd October and 28th December.
[802] Printed in MORCELLI, i. 69-105.
[803] GAMS, _Series Epp._, 904.
[804] _Nova Collectio Script. Vet._, v., Romæ, 1821, 58-65.
[805] _E.g._ in Aurelian of Arles, † 553 (MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxviii.,
596): “In martyrum festivitatibus, etc.”
[806] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxxviii., 881. MONE, _Lat. und. Griech.
Messen aus dem 2-6 Jahrhundert_, Frankfurt, 1850.
[807] Projectus, deacon of Bishop Evasius of Asti, appears to belong
to the Lombard period, and his veneration dates from about the time of
Luitprand (713-743).
[808] _Calendarium Romanum nongentis annis antiquius_, ed. F. Joh.
Fronto, Parisiis, 1652. The title Calendarium is not well chosen.
[809] _Liber Pontif._, ed. Duchesne, i. 420.
[810] _Op. cit._, 402, Vita Gregorii, ii.
[811] _Introduction_, 98.
[812] [Much light has recently been thrown upon these calendars and their
relation to one another by Dom. Henri Quentin, _op. cit._ Trans.]
[813] BEDA, _Hist. Eccl._ iii., 24. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xcv. 290.
[814] Printed in the _Acta SS. Boll._, March, vol. ii. Both recensions
are placed side by side in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xciv. A “Kalendarium
Anglicanum” is in the same vol., 1147 _et seqq._ BEDE’S words under the
7th Feb. are remarkable: “Britaniis in Augusta natale Augusti Episcopi et
martyris.” The feast of All Saints is given on the 1st Nov. as well as
the feast on the 13th May, whose transference to the 1st Nov. only took
place later under Gregory IV. (827-844). No explanation has been given of
Andrew with 2597 companions on the 19th August.
[815] WANDELBERT, ed. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxi. 577. See also cxix. 10,
11.
[816] And the same is true of the other works mentioned: _e.g._, FLORUS
has admitted Gereon and 315 companions on the 10th October, who are
omitted by BEDE, but he knows nothing of Ursula. WANDELBERT mentions on
the 21st October flocks of virgins amounting to some thousands murdered
by the tyrant in Cologne, whose trophies adorn the banks of the Rhine.
Gereon has Cassius, Florentius, and Victor as his companions (MIGNE,
_Patr., Lat._, xciv. 1067, 1078; cxxi. 614).
[817] Edited with an introduction, English translation, and notes by
Whitley Stokes in the _Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy_, i.,
Dublin, 1880.
[818] Edited by the same under the title, _Felire hui i Gorman: The
Martyrology of Gorman_, among the publications of the Bradshaw Society,
London, 1895. See also _Analecta Boll._, xiii. 193. BELLESHEIM, _Gesch.
der kathol., Kirche in Irland_, i. 239 _seqq._
[819] DÜMMLER (_Das Martyrologium Notkers_, _etc._, in the _Forschungen
z. deutsch. Gesch._, xxv. 201), incorrectly dates it from between 860-870.
[820] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxiii. 146-178.
[821] _Ib._, 182-202.
[822] _Ib._, 292-419.
[823] _Ib._, 143, 144. Mosander, before Rosweyde, had edited the larger
Ado by itself without the smaller.
[824] “Quod ego diligenti cura _transscriptum_ ... in capite hujus libri
ponendum putavi.” _Transscriptum_ cannot be understood of mere copying
(describere) but of re-editing. The Roman Calendar makes no mention of
Old Testament names, Jeremias, Moses, etc., nor of Alban, Servatius, etc.
Accordingly this _Mart. Rom. Parvum_ has not the importance which ACHELIS
(p. 112) attributes to it.
[825] BÄUMER, 474.
[826] H. LÆMMER, _De Martyrol. Rom._, 19.
[827] BŒHMER-WILL, _Regesta Archiep. Mogunt._, i. 67, 68. The martyrology
of Rabanus is printed in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cx.
[828] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxxi. 1070. See also BINTERIM, _Denkw._, v.
62. “Cujas causæ nos utpote barbari et in extremis mundi climate positi
sumus ignari.”
[829] LÆMMER, _op. cit._, 10-17.
[830] BENEDICT, xiv., _De Servorum Die Beatificatione_, i. 43, and iv.
2, 17. N. PAULUS, _Martyrolog. u Brevier als histor. Quellen_, Katholik,
1900, i. 355.
[831] [The reader will find much information bearing upon English
heortology in the following works:—_A Menology of England and Wales_, by
R. Stanton, 1887, London, Burns & Oates; _Die Heiligen Englands_, by F.
Liebermann, 1889, Hannover, Hahn; _The Bosworth Psalter_, ed. by Gasquet
and Bishop, 1908, London, Bell & Sons. Trans.]
[832] Edited by Ferd. Piper, Berlin, 1858.
[833] LANFRANC, i. 9. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cl. 472-478.
[834] HARTZHEIM, iv. 106, for A.D. 1307. The correct date, according to
Binterim, is 1307. _Conc._, vi. 118, note 1, 1308. JOERRES regards the
sixth canon as not authentic, _Röm. Quart. Schr._, 1902.
[835] HARTZHEIM, vi. 498.
[836] J. Braun (_Innsbr. Zeitschr. für Kath. Theol._, 1901, i. 155
_seqq._) contends that white was not the only liturgical colour in
antiquity, and rests his contention on some representation (not
miniatures) of the fifth to the ninth centuries in which yellow, brown
and other colours appear. But “white” is not to be taken as meaning
always “snow-white,” and the natural colour of silk and wool would border
on yellow. The representations may have grown darker through age, or been
painted over at a later date. At any rate the proofs on which he relies
are not sufficiently strong to overthrow the received view which is based
on many statements in original sources.
[837] SICARDUS, _Mitrale_, 2, 5 (MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, ccxiii. 77): In
colore pro qualitate temporis alternatur, albo utimur in resurrectione
... rubeo in pentecoste. The passage in Johannes Abrinc., _De Off. Eccl._
(MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxlvii., 62) is defective and obscure. It seems
only to refer to the high priest of the Old Testament.
[838] DURANDUS, _Rationale Div. Off._, 3, 18. The _Ordo Rom._ xiv., c.
49 _seqq._ of the thirteenth century mentions five colours: white, red,
green, violet and black.
[839] INNOCENT III., _De S. Alt. Myst._, i. 65; MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._,
ccxvii., 799-802.
[840] For the history of liturgical vestments, see J. Braun, S.J., _Die
Priesterlichen Gewänder des Abendlandes_, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1897,
and a larger and more recent work by the same author, _Die Liturgische
Gewandlung im Occident u. Orient, etc._, Freiburg im Breisgau,
1907. [Also J. Wilpert, _Die Gewandlung der Christen in den ersten
Jahrhunderten_, Cologne, Bachem, 1898. Trans.]
[841] See THALHOFER, _Liturgik_, ii. 82, who points out this meaning in
Micrologus.
[842] “Sacramenta” is found, amongst others, in INNOCENT I., _Epist._,
17, c. 5, 12; 25, c. 4.
[843] TERTULL., _De Exhort. Cast._, 11; _Apol._, 2; _Ad uxor._, 2, 8; _De
Præscr._, 4; _De Virg. Vel._, 13; _De Corona_, 2; _De Carne Christi_, 2,
etc. Tertullian uses “sacrificium,” _De Cultu Fem._, 2, 11, etc. CYPRIAN,
_Epist._, 12, 2; 15, 1; _Ad Cæc._, 9 and 17, etc. AMBROSIUS, _De Obitu
Valent._, 2, 113; _In Psalm._, 38, c. 25; 118, c. 48; _Epist._, 39, 4.
[844] _De Civ. Dei_, 10, 6-20; _Cont. Faustum_, 20, 18; _Enarr. in
Psalm._, 33, c. 6; 106, c. 13; _Epist._, 54, 4; 149, 15; 159; _Sermo_,
137, 8; 310, 30; 311, 18; 345, 4, etc.
[845] BARONIUS, _Annales_, ad an. 34, c. 59.
[846] _Epist. I. ad Gundobadum_, c. i., and _Epist._, 3.
[847] _Test. De Anima_, c. 9.
[848] The formula in question runs: Ἀπολύεσθε ἐν εἰρήνῃ, _i.e._ “Depart
in peace,” or, Πορεύεσθε ἐν εἰρήνῃ, or, Ἐν εἰρήνῃ προελθῶμεν. DANIEL,
_Cod. Lit._, iv. 79, 131, 370, 449. “Ite missa est” literally means: Go,
it is the dismissal.
[849] _Peregr. Silviæ_, ed. Geyer, c. 24 _seqq._
[850] “Missa autem quæ fit ... hoc est oblatio”; the passage seems to
have been corrected. The other passage adduced by Professor Funk (_Tüb.
Theol. Quartalschr._, 1904, 56) to prove the contrary—“fit oblatio in
Anastase maturius, ita ut fiat missa ante solem”—ought to be translated:
“the Mass took place earlier, so that its conclusion came before
sunrise.” Missa here = the dismissal at the end of Mass.
[851] CASSIAN, _De Cœnobiorum Institutis_, 2, 7, 13 and 15; 3, 7; 11, 15.
[852] See LEO I., _Sermo_, 41, c. 3; _Epist._, 156, c. 5. Once, in
_Epist._, 9, c. 8, we find “missa.” But the general employment of the
term cannot be inferred from its use in one isolated instance.
[853] “Missa catechumenorum” meant originally not that part of the Mass
at which the catechumens assisted, but the dismissal of the catechumens.
[854] For _missæ_ in the sense of the canonical hours, we may cite
GREGOR. M., _Epist._, 2, 12; 3, 63; 11, 64; MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._,
lxxvii. 1187; in the sense of the Mass: _Epist._, 4, 39; _Hom._, 50,
8; as a general term for both, _Epist._, 3, 63; 4, 18, etc. As regards
St Benedict’s usage, Fr. Lindenbauer, O.S.B., draws our attention to
Mattins. It means dismissal at the hours: _Regula_, c. 17 (MIGNE, lxvi.
460), but Mass, _ib._ c. 35, 60.
[855] _Acta S. Ludgeri_, c. 20. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xcix. 779.
[856] _Agathense_ 506, can. 30: “missæ vespertinæ.”
[857] _E.g._, _Braccarense_, ii., can. 64; _Agath._, can. 47.
[858] _Epist._, 1, 20, c. 3-5.
[859] As by Prof. Funk, _Tüb. Theol. Quartalschr._, 1904, No. 1.
[860] It was published by B. Georgiades from a MS. discovered in the
Monastery of Chalki (Constantinople, 1885-86), then by Bratke, Bonn,
1891, and by BONWETSCH, _Hippolyts Werke_, vol. i., Leipsig, 1897.
[861] In Cyril of Scythopolis, the Arabian bishop, George of Horta
(before 724), and Photius, _Bibl. cod._, 222, 163 b, ed. Bekker, and
perhaps also in Germanus. The passages are collected in BONWETSCH, _op.
cit._, xv. _seqq._, and partially in GALLANDI, _Bibl. Vet. Patr._, II.
Such minute indications of time in so ancient a writer were too precious
to be passed over.
[862] The _Liber Generationis_ (MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, iii. 651 _seqq._,
_Corp. Inscr. Lat._, and FRICK, _Chron. Min._, i. 1-77) is certainly a
part of the Chronicle of Hippolytus, as Mommsen has conclusively proved
(_Abhandl. der Sächs. Akademie d. Wissensch._, 1850, i. 586 _seqq._).
[863] That interpolations of this kind were formerly made by unskilful
hands is shown by the addition to the MS. belonging to Mount Athos, by
the Slav translation: Καὶ Γάϊου Καῖσαρος τὸ τέταρτον καὶ Γαίου Κεστίου
(instead of Sentii) Σατορνῖνου, the consuls for the year 41 A.D., which
Bonwetsch has placed in the text, although within brackets.
[864] LEO ALLATIUS, _De Dominicis et Hebdom. Recent. Græcorum_, Cologne,
1648, 1400 quoted by Daniel, _Cod. Lit._, iv. 212 _seqq._ ALT., 181-221.
NILLES, II. xvii.-xxi.
[865] The adjective is formed after the analogy of ἄκερως.
[866] ANSELM speaks of him, _Epist._, 3, 43 and 77; 4, 114. MIGNE, _Patr.
Lat._, clviii. EADMER refers to him, _Hist. Novorum._, 5, 492 and 497.
MIGNE, clix.
[867] It is found in MSS. among the works of the elder Anselm, to whom
it was at first ascribed. Fr. de Buck and others set it down to the
nephew, but in the earliest codex at Canterbury, belonging to the twelfth
century, it is expressly described as a work of Eadmer’s. See THURSTON
ET SLATER, _Eadmeri Mon. Cant. Tractatus de Conceptione S. Mariæ_, Frib.
Brisg., 1904.
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
GIVING THE CHIEF EVENTS RELATING TO THE LITURGY AND FESTIVALS OF THE
CHURCH
1st cent. Reference to Easter by St Paul (1 Cor. v. 7 _et seqq._). Pascha
nostrum immolatus est Christus. Itaque epulemur, non in fermento veteri
... sed in azymis sinceritatis et veritatis.
2nd cent. The 6th Jan. observed as Christ’s birthday in Alexandria by a
section of the Christians.
3rd cent. The Festivals of Easter and Pentecost mentioned by Tertullian
(_De Bapt._, 19) and Origen (_C. Cels._, 8, 22).
304. Evidence for the Feast of the Epiphany in Thrace.
320. Discovery of the Holy Cross by St Helena. Excerpta lat. Barbari.
321. Constantine the Great, by the law of 3 July, forbids law courts to
sit on Sunday (_Cod. Theod._, 2, 8 de feriis i.).
325. The Ascension mentioned by Eusebius.
326. Death of St Helena at the age of 80, foundress of the churches at
Bethlehem and on the Mount of Olives.
335. Consecration of the church built by Constantine in Jerusalem on 14th
Sept. It was named Martyrium or Anastasis (Euseb., _Vita Constant._, 3,
25, and 35). The same day is also the Feast ὑψώσεως τοῦ τιμίου σταυροῦ.
340. Observance in Egypt of the fast of forty days mentioned by St
Athanasius.
337-352. Under Pope Julius I., 25th Dec. kept at Rome as Festival of
Christ’s Nativity.
354. In Rome, 22nd Feb. kept as Natale Petri de Cathedra, and 29th June
as day of the Apostles’ death.
356. Translation of St Timothy’s relics to Constantinople on 1st July
(Fasti Idat., _Hieron. Chron._).
357. 3rd March, translation of relics of St Andrew and St Luke to the
basilica of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople (Fasti Idat., _Chron.
Pasch. Hieron._, catal. 7).
360. The Festival of the Epiphany in Gaul mentioned by Ammianus
Marcellinus.
379. 25th Dec. celebrated for the first time as Christmas in
Constantinople by St Gregory Naz.
380. Evidence for Epiphany in Spain (_Syn. Sarag._, c. 3). Theodosius the
Great publishes a law on 27th March forbidding the sittings of law courts
during the forty days of Lent.
385-387 (_circ._). The Presentation of Christ in the Temple mentioned by
the pilgrim from Gaul in Jerusalem; also the feast of the 14th Sept.
370-380 (_circ._). Compilation of an Arian Calendar on Martyrology.
386. The Nativity of Christ celebrated for the first time in Antioch
on 25th Dec. By a law of 26th Feb., Theodosius forbids unauthorised
translations of the bodies of the saints, the dividing into parts of the
remains of the martyrs, and all traffic in relics.
386. By the law of 26th Feb., judges of arbitration were forbidden to
exercise their functions on Sunday. 20th May games in the circus and
theatrical representations were forbidden.
389. Theodosius I. and Valentinian II. publish a law forbidding the law
courts to sit for seven days before and seven days after Easter.
394. The relics of the Apostle St Thomas translated to the great church
in Edessa (Socrates, _Hist. Eccl._, 4, 18; _Chron. Edess._, ed. Assemani).
395. Christmas definitely established in Constantinople.
398. St John Chrysostom chosen patriarch of Constantinople, 26th Feb.
399. Honorius and Arcadius forbid races on Sunday (_Cod. Theod._, 2, 8,
23).
400. The same emperors forbid games in the circus on Christmas, Epiphany,
and during Eastertide.
402. Discovery of the relics of St Stephen, Gamaliel, and Nicodemus by
the priest Lucian of Jerusalem at Caphargamala. Some writers date this
5th Dec. 415.
405. The day of the death of SS. Peter and Paul mentioned as an
ecclesiastical festival in Rome by Prudentius (_Perist._, 12).
425. Theodosius extends prohibition of games to Whit-week.
431. Bishop Paul of Emesa mentions that Christmas had been introduced in
Alexandria.
348. The patriarch Proclus has the relics of St John Chrysostom brought
to Constantinople on 27th Jan.
439. The Empress Eudocia translates the relics of St Stephen from
Jerusalem to Constantinople and lays them in the basilica of St Lawrence,
21st Sept.
440 (_circ._). St Leo refers to the Ember fasts in Rome.
448 (_circ._). The Calendar of Bishop Polemius Silvius of Sion for
Southern Gaul.
452. Discovery of the head of John the Baptist, and its translation to
Constantinople on 24th Feb.
470 (_circ._). Rogation procession introduced by Mamertus of Vienne.
491. Perpetuus, Bishop of Tours, orders the Advent fast. The two
Festivals of the Nativity and Beheading of the Baptist celebrated in
Tours.
492. The Festival of SS. Peter and Paul on 29th June adopted in
Constantinople.
492-496. Pope Gelasius appoints the ordination of priests to take place
at the Embertides.
500 (_circ._). The monks of Palestine keep the annual commemoration of
the Holy Mother of God (μνημὴ τῆς θεοτόκου) in their monasteries.
504. The Emperor Anastasius has the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew
brought to the city of Daras, on the borders of Mesopotamia, which he had
fortified.
506. The Council of Agde (canon 63) includes the Nativity of St John
Baptist among the festivals of obligation.
534. Justinian I. renews the prohibition against the sittings of the law
courts on 25th Dec. and 6th Jan.
542. Candlemas celebrated for the first time in Constantinople on 2nd
Feb., and ordered to be observed throughout the empire by Justinian. The
patriarch Menas translates the relics of SS. Andrew, Luke, and Timothy to
the recently completed basilica of the Apostles in Constantinople.
Before 565. Justinian I. builds a church of St Anne in the second region
of Constantinople.
582-602. The three Festivals of Our Lady’s Nativity, Annunciation, and
Purification said to have been introduced by the Emperor Maurice.
Sixth cent. The Sundays in Advent to the number of five appear in the
Gelasianum.
592-600. Composition of the so-called Martyrologium Hieronymianum.
Before 604. Pope Gregory the Great increases the solemnity of the Litania
Major in Rome.
609 or 610. The Emperor Phocas grants the Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV.,
who adapts it as a church, and dedicates it to our Lady and all the Holy
Martyrs, on 13th May. Since then it has been called Maria ad Martyres.
629. King Siroes of Persia restores to the Emperor Heraclius the part of
the Holy Cross which had been taken from Jerusalem.
650 (_circ._). Evidence for the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
for Spain in the Lectionary of Silos.
687-701. Pope Sergius I. orders processions (litaniæ) in Rome on the
Feasts of the Annunciatio Domini, Dormitio, and Nativitas B.V.M.
731. The Ven. Bede composes his martyrologium.
747. The Embertides legally established in England.
769. The same in Germany.
781 (_circ._). The Octava Domini (1st Jan.) appears as the Festum
Circumcisionis in the Calendar of Charlemagne.
Between 784 and 791. Under Adrian I., the Sacramentarium Gregorianum sent
to the Frankish Empire, and introduced there.
Between 786 and 797. Paul the deacon compiles a Homilarium at the command
of Charlemagne.
787. The second Council of Nicæa re-establishes the worship of images.
800 (_circ._). Compilation of the Menologium of Constantinople.
Between 827 and 835. Gregory IV. changes the Feast of All the Martyrs
(13th May) into a Feast of All Saints, and places it on the 1st Nov.
835. The Emperor Louis the Pious introduces the Feast of All Saints into
the Frankish Empire.
Between 902 and 920. The first Sunday after Pentecost kept as a Festival
of the Holy Trinity in Liège by Bishop Stephen.
993. The first papal canonisation—that of St Ulrich by Pope John XV.
998. Abbot Odilo of Cluny introduces the Commemoratio Omnium Fidelium
Defunctorum (2nd Nov.) in his Order.
10th cent. The Festum Conceptionis B.V.M (8th Dec.) appears in several
calendars (_e.g._ the Neapolitan).
1000-1025. Composition of the Menologium Basilianum.
1068-1071. Adoption of the Roman rite in Aragon under King Sancho Ramirez.
1078. Adoption of the Roman rite in Castile.
1080 (_circ._). Gregory VII. fixes the number of Sundays in Advent at
four, and suppresses deviations from the Roman custom of observing Advent.
Between 1093-1109. The Festum Conceptionis B.V.M. introduced into England
by St Anselm of Canterbury.
1128-29. The Feast of Our Lady’s Conception introduced into some English
monasteries.
1140. The same feast introduced at Lyons.
1166. The Emperor Manuel Comnenus puts out an order concerning festivals.
1198. Innocent III. enjoins the Bishop of Worms to celebrate the Festum
Conversionis S. Pauli Ap. in his diocese as it is in Rome (_Reg._, i.
44). In the statutes of the synod held by Bishop Odo of Paris it is
enjoined to say the Ave Maria.
Before 1216. Innocent III. regulates the use of liturgical colours.
1247. Corpus Christi celebrated for the first time in Liège.
1260. The Conversion of St Paul adopted in Cologne by Archbishop Conrad
von Hochstaden.
1263. The General Chapter of the Franciscans at Pisa enjoins the Feast of
Our Lady’s Conception for the whole Order.
1264. The Feast of Our Lady’s Visitation prescribed for the whole Church
by Urban IV.
1298. Boniface VIII. raises all festivals of Apostles to the rank of
Festa duplicia.
1311. Clement V. at the Synod of Vienne repeats the injunction to
celebrate Corpus Christi throughout the Church.
1316. John XXII. repeats and confirms the bull of Urban IV. with regard
to Corpus Christi.
1328. The Synod of London appoints the Conceptio B.V.M. as a holy day of
obligation for the province.
1334. The Festum SS. Trinitatis enjoined by John XXII. to be kept
throughout the Church.
1354. Innocent VI., at the request of the Emperor Charles IV., appoints
the Festum Lanceæ et Clavorum.
1371. Gregory XI. institutes the Festum Præsentationis B.V.M.
1389. Urban VI. makes the Festum Visitationis B.V.M. a universal feast
for the whole Church.
1408. Chancellor John Gerson finds fault with the number of festivals.
1416. Publication of the book of Nicholas of Clemangis against the
increase of holy days.
1423. The Festum VII. Dolorum B.V.M. adopted in Cologne.
1452. The Feast of the Seven Dolors approved by the provincial Synod of
Cologne.
1456. Calixtus III., following the precedent of the Greeks, orders the
Feast of Our Lord’s Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6th Aug.
1464. The Festival of Our Lady’s Presentation introduced into the Duchy
of Saxony, and, in 1468, into the province of Mainz.
1474. Sixtus IV. gives his approval to the public veneration of St Joseph
and St Anne.
1477. Sixtus IV. inserts the Conceptio Immaculatæ Virg. Mariæ into the
Roman Breviary.
1523. Publication of Luther’s little work on baptism in German.
1536. Cardinal Quiñones, O.S.F., puts out his edition of the Breviary for
the use of the secular clergy. It was approved by Clement VII. and Paul
III., and widely used, but withdrawn under Pius V. in 1568.
1536-37. The Devotion of the Forty Hours introduced in Milan.
1563. The Council of Trent in its session (xxv.) of 5th Dec. commits to
the Pope the final arrangements concerning the details of the Breviary
and Missal.
1568. The revised Roman Breviary published.
1570. The revised Roman Missal published.
1582. Reform of the Calendar by Gregory XIII. takes effect on 15th Oct.
1584. Publication by papal bull of 14th Jan. of the official
Martyrologium Romanum prepared by Baronius.
1588. Sixtus V. institutes the Congregatio Rituum by the bull Immensa
Æterni.
1596. Publication of the Pontificale Romanum.
1602. Clement VIII. takes steps for a revision of the Roman Breviary,
and, in 1604, of the Roman Missal.
1608. Paul V. institutes the Feast of the Guardian Angels.
1614. Paul V. publishes the Ritual prepared by the Cardinal of San
Severino.
1621. Gregory XV. appoints the 19th March as a Festival of St Joseph for
the universal Church.
1631. Urban VIII. proposes a fresh revision of the Breviary.
1634. Revision of the Roman Missal by Urban VIII.
1642. Urban VIII. reduces the number of festivals (in foro) by the bull
Universa per orbem.
1644. The Conceptio B.V.M. made a holy day of obligation for Spain.
1666. Archbishop Harduin of Paris suppresses the festivals of three
Apostles and St Michael. These feasts were restored by his successor, de
Harlay, in 1673.
1668. Publication of Thiers’ book “De Festorum Dierum Imminutione” at
Lyons. Commencement of the public worship of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
1669. Clement IX. institutes the Congregatio Indulgentiarum et SS.
Reliquarum.
1683. Innocent XI., at the request of the Emperor Leopold, establishes
the Festival of the Name of Mary in commemoration of the relief of Vienna.
1708. The Conceptio B.V.M. appointed a feast in choro of the universal
Church.
1721. Pope Innocent XIII., at the request of the Emperor Charles VI.,
appoints the Feast of the Name of Jesus to be celebrated on the second
Sunday after Epiphany.
1727. Benedict XIII. proposes a further reduction of feast days for Spain.
1741-1747. Commission in Rome, under the presidency of Cardinal
Gonzaga, for the improvement of the Breviary. The legends were severely
criticised, and much valuable material was collected for future use.
1747. Muratori speaks in favour of the reduction of feast days in his
work “Della Regolata Divozione de’ Cristiani.”
1765. Clement XIII. appoints the Feast of the Sacred Heart. M. Gerbert
writes his “De Dierum Festorum Numero Minuendo, Celebratione Amplianda.
S. Blasian.” Benedict XIV. discusses the same subject (_Diss. de Festorum
de Præcepto Imminutione._ _Cf._ _De Serv. D. Beatif._, 4, 2).
1772. New regulations for feast days in Prussia.
1788. Decrease of Catholic festivals in Prussia by Pius VI. This
arrangement forms the basis of that now in use.
1802. Concordat with France, by which the feasts falling on week days
were reduced to four.
1828. Convention of Leo XII. with Prussia concerning feast days.
1854. Definition of the Conceptio Immaculata and extension of the feast
to the whole Church.
INDEX
Abbo of Fleury, 160
Abdias [pseudo-Abdias], 298
_Acta, The, of Martyrs_, 208 _seq._
Ado, _see_ Martyrology
Adolf III. (Archbishop of Cologne), 199
⸺ of Essen (Carthusian), 270 n.
Adrian I. (Pope), 344
Agde, Synod of, 68
d’Ailly, Peter, 274
Aix-la-Chapelle, Council of, enumeration of festivals, 22, 188, 194,
348
Alacoque, Marg. Mary, Bl., 126
Alanus de Rupe, 269
Albero II. (Bishop of Liège), 258
Alcuin, 72, 78, 116 _seq._, 222
Alexander II. (Pope), 116, 118
⸺ III. ” on rest from labour, 12
⸺ Severus (Emperor), 317 _seq._
Alfanus (Abbot of Monte Cassino), 322
Altfrid, his use of the word _Missa_, 436
Alvarus Pelagius, 260
Amadeus of Lausanne, 272
Amalarius, 67, 98, 160, 193
_Ambarvalia, The_, 190
Ambrose, St, on the date of Easter, 53 n., 73, 92, 93, 148 _seqq._,
196, 283, 334, 436 _seq._
_Amburbalia, The_, 190
Anastasius (Emperor), 286
Andrew of Crete, 236
Anne, St, festival of the Conception of, 242
Anselm of Canterbury, St, 248 _seqq._, 255, 445
⸺ the younger, 248 _seqq._, 255, 445
Antioch, the Lenten fast at, 99, 108;
Christmas at, 131 _seq._
Antony of Grenoble, 125.
Apostles, The, on the date of Easter, 54
_Apostolic Canons, The_, 41, 92, 96 _seq._
⸺ _Constitutions, The_, on observance of Sunday and Saturday, 12;
list of feasts in, 20;
on fasts, 91, 94 _seq._, 97, 106, 112, 114
_Arabic Canons, The_, 40
Arator, 284
Arcadius (Emperor), forbids races on Sunday, 19, 131, 135
_Arian Martyrology, The_, 282, 294, 349, 360;
_see_ Calendars
Arius (heretic), 360 _seq._
Arles, Synods of, 118, 436
Artemius, St (Martyr), 290
Athanasius, St, 55, 92, 149, 220
Augsburg, Corpus Christi procession at, 124
Augustine, St, 57, 72;
said to have composed the _Exsultet_, 81, 97, 100, 106, 113, 146,
156, 159, 168, 172, 217 _seq._, 223, 229, 283 _seq._, 303
Aurelian (Bishop of Arles), 210
Austria, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Autpert (Abbot of Monte Cassino), 278
Auxerre, Synods of, 61, 164, 171
Avignon, Synod of (A.D. 1457), 260
Avitus (Bishop of Vienne), 70, 192;
on the word _Missa_, 432
⸺ (priest of Braga), 223
Bacchylus of Corinth, 39
Baillet, Adrien, on the Lenten fast, 97, 210, 216 n., 320, 420
Baldwin (Archbishop of Treves), 124, 199;
statutes of, 423
Bardenhewer, O., 265
Baronius (Cardinal), _see_ Martyrology
Basel, Council of, 259 _seq._, 267
Basil II. (Emperor), _see_ Menology
_Basilidians, The_, 146, 167
Bäumer, Dom. (O.S.B.), 210
Bavaria, festivals for, 32, 201;
_see_ Festivals of obligation: _German States_
Bede, The Ven., on date of Easter, 58 _seq._, 231 n., 289 n., 297;
_see_ Calendars; Martyrology
Beleth (liturgist), 256, 280, 304
Belgium, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Belgrade, Victory over the Turks at, 105
Benedict IX. (Pope), 315
⸺ XIII. ” 31, 275
⸺ XIV. ” 32, 287, 302 n., 410, 420
⸺ Canon, the Ordo of, 222
_Benedictines, The_, and the Immaculate Conception, 250 _seq._, 255,
261
Benevento, Council of (A.D. 1091), 102
Bernard, St., 255 _seq._, 272, 274
⸺ (Bishop of St Davids), 250, 255
Bernardine de Bustis, 274
⸺ of Siena, St., 166, 274
Berno of Reichenau, 115, 160, 189 n.
Bethlehem, Christmas at, 153
Binterim, Ant., 62, 327, 420
Bolsena, The miracle of, 122
Bonaventure, St., on the Immaculate Conception, 258
Boniface, St., on festivals, 22, 80 n., 116 _seq._, 160, 164, 188,
238;
_see_ Lectionary
⸺ IV. (Pope), 324
⸺ VIII. ” 16, 280
⸺ IX. ” 267
Bonn, The Martyrs of, 373
Borromeo, Charles, St., 186, 327
Boucher [Bucherius] Ægidius (S.J.), 137
Braun, J. (S.J.), 430 n.
Brazil, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Brigid, St. (of Sweden), 274
Burchard of Worms, Canons of, 24
Byzantine Empire, festivals in the, 26 _seqq._
Cecilia, St., 315 _seqq._
Caius (Pope), 206
Cajetan, James (Cardinal), the _Ordo Romanus_ of, 85
Calcasendi, Abulaibsan Achmed, _see_ Calendars
_Calendars_:—
Alt-Corbie, 412
Anglo-Saxon (Winchester), 413
Arian, 352 _seq._
Armenian, 283
Bede, 218, 230, 287;
_see_ Martyrology
Besançon (S. Protadii), 414
Bologna, 411
Calcasendi, 26, 218, 225, 300 n., 331, 383
Carthage, 206, 286, 294, 316, 350
Charlemagne, 165, 282, 292, 300, 306, 412
Cologne, 307, 327, 332 n., 412, 416
Coptic, 168, 211, 218, 224 _seq._, 273, 299 _seq._, 312, 332, 338;
description of the, 381 _seq._
English (Church of England), 36
Floriac, 414
Freising, 416
Fronteau (of St Geneviève), 165, 170, 175, 179 _seq._, 293, 300
_seq._, 306;
description of the, 400
“Germanicum pervetustum sæc. X.,” 416
Gotho-Gallican, 230, 306, 413
Gregorian, 46, 211, 299
Jewish (Semitic), 15, 44, 46, 47 _seq._, 49, 51
Julian, 45, 46, 50 _seq._, 57
Luxeuil, 230
Mainz, 414
Mantua, 414
Mozarabic, 218, 230, 254
Neapolitan, 218, 245, 275, 282, 290, 293 _seq._, 300, 306;
description of the, 394 _seqq._
Nestorian, 283
Philocalian, 136 _seqq._, 151, 217, 350 _seq._;
_see_ Chronograph
Polemius Silvius, 69, 119, 169, 191, 217, 283, 351
Roman (of the 7th century), 411
⸺ (Modern), 421
Silos, 218
Stablo, 332 n., 417
Syro-Macedonian, 45, 46, 50, 211, 218
Toledo, 230
Tours, 412;
_see_ Perpetuus
Treves, 417
Vallombrosa, 414
Werden (Verdinense), 414
_See_ Ideler; Mai; Maimonides; Selden; Sonnatius; Tondini
_Calendars, Early_, 206 _seq._, 316, 345, 347 _seqq._, 410 _seq._
Calixtus I. (Pope), 185
⸺ III. ” 105
_Calvinism_, the festivals retained by, 35, 75
Campeggio (Cardinal-legate), 30
Capistran, John, St, 105
Capocci, Peter (Cardinal), 121
Carthage, fasts of the stations at, 97;
dedication of churches at, 195, 206;
_see_ Calendars
Cassian, John, 110, 128, 434
Cassiodorus, 141, 364
Catulfus, on the Holy Trinity, 117 n.
_Charistia, The_ (or _Cara Cognatio_), 302 _seq._
Charlemagne, 84;
Homilarium of, 165, 179;
Capitulary of, 188, 344;
_see_ Calendars
Charles II. (King of Spain), 275
Chosroes (King of Persia), 338 _seq._
Chrodegang, Canons of, 100, 188
_Chronograph, The_ (A.D. 354), 140 _seq._, 295 n., 306, 350 n.
Chrysologus, Peter, St, 163, 218, 230, 233, 265, 284
Chrysostom, John, St, 99, 108, 131 _seqq._, 143, 168, 170, 284, 324
Ciofani (Prussian agent in Rome), 33
Clemangiis, Nicholas de, 30
Clement of Alexandria, 39, 89, 141, 167, 437
⸺ I. (Pope), 205
⸺ V. ” 122
⸺ VII. ” 166
⸺ VIII. ” 16, 262, 266
⸺ IX. ” 262, 333
⸺ X. ” 270, 333
⸺ XI. ” 262, 271, 274
⸺ XIII. ” 127
⸺ XIV. ” 32 _seq._, 200
Cloveshove, Council of, 188, 403
Codinus, George, the _de officiis_ of, 27, 224
Cologne, Synod of, 123 n., 199, 258;
feasts for archdiocese of, 422;
the Three Kings at, 441 _seq._;
_see_ Calendars; Lectionary; Sacramentary.
Compostela, relics of St James at, 292
Constance, Council of, 24, 115, 125 n.
Constantine (Emperor), on the observance of Sunday, 9 _seq._, 17, 41,
74, 81, 136, 196, 281, 297, 328, 333
Constantinople, festival of the Ascension at, 108;
_see_ Menology
Constantius (Emperor), 149, 196, 281, 290, 318
Copts, festivals observed by the, 26 _seq._, 70;
Synaxaria of the, 105, 159, 238, 291;
_see_ Calendars
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 153
Cuspinianus, John, 137
Cyprian, St, 40, 72, 138, 146, 151, 206, 431
Cyril, St, of Alexandria, 128
⸺ of Jerusalem, 92, 135, 154 _seq._
Delahaye, Hipp. (S.J.), 320 n.
_Depositio Episcoporum, The_, 137 _seq._, 149 n., 318, 349
⸺ _Martyrum_, 137 _seq._, 149 n., 320 n., 349, 356, 375, 417
De Rossi, J. B., 138, 319, 365
De Waal, 289
Diocletian (Emperor), 205
Dionysius of Alexandria, 91
⸺ the Areopagite, 235
Dominic, St, and the Rosary, 269 _seq._
⸺ of Prussia (Carthusian), 270 n.
_Dominicans, The_, and the Immaculate Conception, 259 _seq._
Duchesne, L., Mgr., 315, 365, 368
Durandus, on Lent, 104;
on the Immaculate Conception, 256, 322
Eadmer, 271, 446
_Easter_, the centre of the Church’s year, 3;
history of, 37 _seqq._;
_see_ Martin; Nilles; Passover
Ebner, 322
Eccard, 137
Eligius of Noyon, 70
Elsinus, _see_ Helsinus
Elvira, Synod of, 110 n.
England, Feasts of the B.V.M. in, 271 n.;
Christmas in, 439 _seq._;
The Immac. Concept. in, 445 _seq._;
_see_ Calendars; Festivals of obligation
Ennodius (Bishop of Pavia), 81
Ephesus, Death of St John at, 297 _seq._
Ephrem Syrus, 129, 197
Epiphanius, 56, 128
Erfurt, Council of, 280
Erwig (Spanish King), 164
Essen, The _Liber Ordinarius_ of, 125;
_see_ Sacramentary
Ethelred (King), and the feast of St Michael, 331
Eucherius (Bishop of Lyons), 304
Eudocia (Empress), 224, 287
Eugenius IV. (Pope), 124
Eusebius (Eccl. historian), 9 _seq._;
on Easter, 41, 55, 90;
on Lent, 92 _seq._, 106, 149, 195 _seq._, 206, 211, 296, 308, 335,
359 _seqq._
Eustorgius (Bishop of Milan), 441
Euthymius, on the Assumption, B.V.M., 236
Eve (recluse at Liège), 120 _seq._
Exeter, Synod of, 252
Fabian, Pope, 205
Felicitas, St (Martyr), 138
Felix (anti-Pope), 149, 318
⸺ II. (Pope), 343
_Feralia_ (concluding day of the _Parentalia_), 302 _seq._
Ferdinand III. (Emperor), 275
_Feriæ_, origin of the name, 2, 7;
as distinguished from festivals, 14
_Festivals_, their two chief divisions, 3;
Jewish, 5 _seq._;
their classification, 13 _seq._;
increase in number of, 19;
first lists of, 20 _seq._;
in Canon law, 24;
large number of, 25 _seq._;
rights of bishops in respect of, 28 _seq._, 31;
their reduction, 31 _seq._;
of the Greek eccl. year, 442 _seqq._;
_see_ Feriæ; Paleologi
_Festivals of obligation in_:—
Austria, 424;
Belgium, 424;
Brazil, 428;
England, 426;
France, 424;
German States, 424 _seq._;
Holland, 426;
Italy, 424;
Poland, 32, 427;
Portugal, 427 _seq._;
Prussia, 32 _seqq._, 424;
Rome, 423 _seq._;
Russia, 428;
Spain, 427;
Switzerland, 426;
United States, 428.
Festus (Senator), 286
Flavian (Bishop of Antioch), 132
_Forty Hours Prayer, The_, _see_ Plantanida
France, alteration in festivals in, 34 _seq._;
Holy Saturday in, 83;
_see_ Festivals of obligation
Franchi di Cavalieri, 210
Francis of Assisi, St, introduces the Crib, 156
_Franciscans, The_, influence on the Liturgy, 15 _seq._;
and the Immac. Conc., 257 _seqq._;
and Visit. B.V.M., 267;
and cultus of St Joseph, 274
Frederick William II. (King of Prussia), 33
Fronteau, _see_ Calendars
Formosus (Pope), 308
Fulbert (Bishop of Chartres), 231
Fulgentius, 166, 168, 230
Gabriel the Archangel, 332.
_Gallic pilgrim, The_, _see_ Silvia
Gamaliel (Rabbi), on the Jewish Calendar, 49
Gelasius I. (Pope), 175, 343;
_see_ Sacramentary
Gellonense, _see_ Martyrology
George (Bishop of Nicomedia), 243
Georgius Hamartolus, 174
Gereon, St (Martyr), 373, 414 _seq._
Germanus (Patr. of Constantinople), 236
Germany, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Gerson, John (the Chancellor), 30, 274
Gertrude, St, 126, 274
Gerunda, Synod of, 61, 193
Glycas, on St Mary Magdalen, 314
Gorman (Abbot), _see_ Martyrology
Grammont, Peter de (Bishop of Besançon), 126
Gratian, decretal of, 24, 100
Gregory the Great (Pope), 76, 96, 102, 151, 159, 179, 192, 229, 343,
363, 407, 435;
_see_ Calendars; Sacramentary
⸺ II. (Pope), 343, 400
⸺ III. (Pope), 324 _seq._, 400
⸺ IV. ” 325
⸺ VII. ” 16, 186, 189
⸺ IX. ” decretal of, 24 _seq._, 199
⸺ XI. ” 266
⸺ XII. ” 276
⸺ XIII. ” 270, 276, 409
⸺ XV. ” 275
Gregory of Nazianzus, 130 _seq._, 151
⸺ of Nyssa, 131
⸺ of Tours, 192, 211, 237, 284, 314, 435
⸺ Thaumaturgus, 207
Gretser, Jacobus (S.J.), 419
Guyard (Bishop of Cambrai), 121
Heinrich II. (Archbishop of Cologne), 199
Helena (Empress), 107, 196, 333 _seq._
Helperich (Monk of St Gall), 74
Helsinus (_or_ Elsinus), 248
Henry of Ghent, 253
Henschen (Bollandist), 137, 210, 403
Heraclius (Emperor), 232, 338 _seq._
Hermas, on fasting, 89
Hetto (Bishop of Basel), statute of, 23, 198
Hilduin (Abbot), on the Martyrology, 365
Hippolytus (Bishop of Porto), canons and cycle of, 40 _seq._, 57, 91,
97, 99, 112, 141 _seq._, 146, 167 _seq._;
on the date of Christmas, 437 _seq._
Holland, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Honorius (Emperor), forbids races on Sunday, 19, 131
Hugh (Abbot of Reading), and the Immac. Conc., 248
Hugo (Cardinal-legate), approves feast of Corpus Christi, 121
Hunyadi, George, 105
Hydatius, on the date of Christ’s birth, 141
Ibsung, Katharina, her legacy for feast of Corpus Christi, 124
Ideler, on the Jewish Calendar, 49
Ignatius, St (of Antioch), 39, 209, 212
Ildefonsus, St (Bishop of Toledo), 227
Ingelheim, Council of, 24
Innocent I. (Pope), 76, 98, 292 n., 434
⸺ III. ” on liturgical colours, 429
⸺ VIII. ” 261 n.
⸺ IX. ” 272
⸺ X. ” 262
⸺ XI. ” 264
⸺ XIII. ” 166
Irenæus, St, 39, 55, 90 _seq._, 111, 141, 431, 437
Isaias, his prophecy on the Messias, 43
Isidore of Seville, 54, 67, 73, 254
Italy, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Ivo (Bishop of Chartres), Canons of, 24
_Jacobites, The_, 297
James of Landsberg (Carthusian), 126
James of Nisibis (Bishop), 355
James Pantaleon (afterwards Pope Urban IV.), 121
Januarius (Bishop), his inquiries from St Augustine, 57, 72
Jerome, St, 145, 153, 182, 273, 294, 300, 308, 364 _seq._, 431;
_see_ Lectionary; Martyrology
Jerusalem, practices observed at, 9, 62 _seq._, 99, 107, 112 _seq._,
152 _seq._, 171, 173 _seqq._, 194 _seq._
Joachim, St, in the Greek Breviary, 246
John, St (Apostle and Evangelist), 43
⸺ Damascene, St, 235 _seq._, 242, 265, 390, 448
⸺ (Bishop of Eubœa), 242, 246
⸺ of Hildesheim (Carmelite), 442
⸺ (Bishop of Jerusalem), 223
⸺ of Lausanne, 121
⸺ (Bishop of Nicea), 131 n., 135 _seq._, 154, 167
⸺ III. (Pope), 296
⸺ XXII. ” 118, 124
⸺ II. (Archbishop of Prague), 268
⸺ (Bishop of Strassburg), 124
Josephus, 143, 145 n., 155
Juliana of Retinne, 120
Julius I. (Pope), 135, 150, 154 _seq._
⸺ II. ” 276
Justin (Emperor), 174
Justin, Martyr, on Easter, 39, 44
Justinian (Emperor), legislation about Sunday, 18, 173 _seq._, 275,
281, 328
Juvenal (Bishop of Jerusalem), 153, 236
_Kings, The Three_, 441 _seq._
Lacordaire, Père (O.P.), 315
Lambeck, 137
Lanfranc (Archbishop of Canterbury), statutes of, 198 _seq._, 421
_seq._, 445
Laodicea, Synod of, decree on celebration of Saturday, 11 _seq._, 73
Launoi, 210
Lazarus, St, 310 _seqq._
⸺ (Bishop of Aix), 314
_Lectionary_:—
of St Boniface, 160
of Cologne, 161 n.
“Comes Albini,” The, 161 n., 306
of St Jerome, 182 _seq._
of Luxeuil, 67, 159, 180, 232, 238, 281, 397
of Münster, 161 n.
of Silos, 67, 101, 159, 166, 175, 340;
description of, 378 _seqq._, 397
of Spires, 306
Syrian, The, 225, 291, 294, 299, 331;
description of, 393
of Treves, 161 n.
of Victor of Capua, 160
Leo I. (Emperor), 267
⸺ VI. ” on the observance of Sunday, 10, 242 n., 312, 314
Leo the Great, St (Pope), 76;
on fasting, 94, 97, 100, 103, 106, 151, 159, 166, 183, 185 _seq._,
229, 306, 435;
_see_ Sacramentary
⸺ III. (Pope), 193, 275, 400
⸺ IV. ” 80 n., 237
⸺ XII. ” 33
⸺ XIII. ” 263, 276, 333
Leopold I. (Emperor), 275
Leslæus (S.J.), on feast of the Immac. Conc., 254
Liberius (Pope), 142, 147 _seqq._, 191, 207, 271 n., 318
Liège, Synod of, 258
_Liturgy, The_, in time of Tertullian, 9
Loménie, C. F. de (Bishop of Coutances), 126
Loreto, the Holy House of, 271 n.
Louis the Pious (Emperor), 325 _seq._
Lucianus (priest of Jerusalem), 223
Luther, on observance of festivals, 35
Lyons, Second Council of, 193
Mabillon (O.S.B.), 78, 159, 207, 237, 297, 340, 350, 397
Macarius (Bishop of Jerusalem), 335 _seq._
Maçon, Synod of, 21, 61, 158
Mai (Cardinal), Calendars published by, 322, 384, 396
Maimonides, on the Jewish Calendars, 49
Mainz, Council of, directions about festivals, 23, 194, 198, 238,
331;
_see_ Calendars
Maizières, Philip de, and feast of Present. B.V.M., 266
Mamertus (Bishop of Vienne), and Rogation processions, 191
_Mandatum, The_, 73
Manuel Comnenus (Emperor), reduces number of holidays, 26, 242, 245,
266, 288, 312, 329
Marcellina (sister of St Ambrose), 148 _seq._
Marcellus, his discovery of head of St John Baptist, 221
“Maria,” explanation of the name, 264
Maria Teresa (Empress), 32
Martène, on the blessing of Palms, 62
Martin (Bishop of Dumio), on date of Easter, 58
⸺ V. (Pope), 124
_Martyrologies_, 214, 273, 292, 297, 345 _seq._
_Martyrology_:—
of Ado, 288, 307, 312, 316, 319, 335;
description of the, 405 _seq._
of Bede, 293, 307, 312, 335, 341;
description of the, 401 _seq._
of Besançon, 327
of Corbie, 57, 306
of Florus, description of the, 401 _seq._
the Gellonense, 57, 413
of Gorman, 404
of St Jerome, 57, 288, 290, 293, 295, 297 _seqq._, 307, 312, 316,
332, 335, 340, 359 _seq._, 363 _seq._
of Notker Balbulus, description of the, 405 _seq._
of Œngus, description of the, 401 _seq._
of Rabanus Maurus, 312, 316;
description of the, 405 _seq._
the Roman (of Baronius), 409
of Toledo, 299
of Usuardus, 288, 307, 312 _seq._, 316, 319, 335;
description of the, 405 _seq._
of Wandlebert, 306;
description of the, 401 _seq._
Mary, the Blessed Virgin, position of her festivals, 3
_Mass_ [Missa], explanation of the word, 430 _seqq._
Maurice (Emperor), 237
⸺ de Sully (Bishop of Paris), 256
Maximinus (Bishop of Aix), 311
Maximus of Turin, 151 n., 169, 207, 218, 230, 283
Melito of Sardis, 39
_Menology_:—
of Basil, 156, 218, 242, 273, 291, 296, 299 _seq._, 312,
322, 331, 370, 390 _seqq._
of Constantinople, 105, 218, 225, 273, 300, 322, 338, 339 n., 387
_seqq._
Metaphrastes, Simeon, 266 n., 321, 329
Metrophanes (Bishop of Constantinople), 289
Michael of Atriba, Synaxarium of, 238, 386
_Micrologus, The_, 116 _seq._, 161, 186
_Missa_, _see_ Mass
_Missal_:—
Gallican, 197, 232
Gotho-Gallican, 67, 69, 76, 83, 101, 159, 237, 297, 397
Leonine, 114, 397
Roman, 103, 188, 399
Trani, 322
_See_ Sacramentary
_Missals_, The earliest, 214, 343, 345
Modestus (Patr. of Jerusalem), 236, 314
Mommsen, T., 137, 320 n., 350
_Montanists_, Xerophagiæ of the, 99, 110 n.
Monte Gargano, 332
Morcelli, S. A., 298, 390
Morin, G. (O.S.B.), 186
Naogeorgius, 200 n.
Napoleon I. (Emperor), his regulations for holy days, 34 _seq._
Narcissus (Bishop of Jerusalem), 39
Neuching, Synod of, 61
Nicæa, 1st Council of, 92, 106
Nicephorus (historian), 174, 328
Nicolas I. (Pope), 100
Nilles, on the date of Easter, 52 n.
Nisan, the 15th day of, 41;
Jewish celebrations on, 42, 53 n.
Nogaroli, Leonardo, composes office of the Immac. Conc., 261
Noris (Cardinal), 137
Normandy, Feast of the Immac. Conc. in, 251 _seqq._
Notker Balbulus, 292, 332 n.;
_see_ Martyrology
⸺ of Liège, 327
_Octave_, origin of the, 15
Odilo, St (of Cluny), 233, 326
Odo de Sully (Bishop of Paris), 164, 268
Œngus, _see_ Martyrology
_Ordos_ [Ordinaria, Ordines], description of, 347
Origen, festivals known to, 17, 106, 112, 127, 167, 172, 306, 308
Orleans, Synods of, 95, 98, 101, 171, 192
Orosius, on the date of Christ’s birth, 141
Osbert de Clare (O.S.B.), and the Immac. Conc., 248, 250, 252
Otgar, (Archbishop of Mainz), 165, 180
Otho I. (Emperor), 288
Otricus, (Bishop of Milan), 327
Oxford, Synod of (A.D. 1222), 252
Paleologi, The (Emperors of Constantinople), festivals under, 27
_Palms_, blessing of, 62, 67 _seq._;
figures carried in the procession of, 69
Panvinius Onuphrius, 137
_Parentalia, The_ (heathen festival of the dead), 302
Paschal I. (Pope), 316
Passaglia, on the Immac. Conc., 240 _seqq._
_Passiones_, of Martyrs, 209, 317
_Passover, The_, its connection with Easter, 38, 40, 41 _seqq._, 57
Paul, St (the Apostle), on the Passover, 44;
in Rome, 138
⸺ (the Deacon), 84, 165
⸺ (Bishop of Emesa), 128
⸺ IV. (Pope), 308
⸺ V. ” 263, 333
Paulinus of Nola, 169, 290, 319, 334
Peckham, John (Archbishop of Canterbury), 118
Pelagius I. (Pope), 296
⸺ II. ” 192
Perpetua, St (Martyr), 138
Perpetuus of Tours, his list of festivals, 20;
calendar of, 57;
on fasts, 98, 158 _seq._, 218, 286
Peter St (the Apostle), date of arrival and death in Rome, 138
⸺ (Cardinal-legate), 164
⸺ of Celle (Bishop of Chartres), 256
⸺ Damian, St, 322
⸺ (Bishop of Edessa), 62
Philastrius, on Christmas, 169 n.
Philip IV. (King of Spain), 262
Philocalus, Furius, 136;
_see_ Calendars
Philogonius (Martyr), 132
Philoponus, Joannes, on the date of Easter, 53 n.
Philostorgius (historian), 290, 352
Phocas (Emperor), 324
Pilate, The spurious Acts of, 57
Pius V. (Pope), 16, 119, 264, 266, 270, 431
⸺ VI. (Pope), 32 _seq._, 200
⸺ IX. ” 239, 262 _seq._, 275
Plantanida, Joseph (O.S.F.C.), and the Forty Hours Prayer, 125
Pliny, letters of, 8
Poland, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Polemius Silvius, 304, 305;
_see_ Calendars
Polycrates of Ephesus, 39, 55, 281
Porphyrius (Bishop of Antioch), 353
Portugal, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Potho of Prüm, on feast of the H. Trinity, 118 n.;
on the Immac. Conc., 256
Preller, 137
_Processions_, 189 _seqq._
Proclus (Patr. of Constantinople), 233, 234
Prosper (of Aquitaine), on date of Christ’s birth, 141
Protadius (Bishop of Besançon), his Calendar, 327
_Proto-evangelium_ of James, The, 246
Protonika, legend of, and the Holy Cross, 337
Prudentius, 98, 285
Prussia, Good Friday in, 74 n.;
_see_ Festivals of obligation
Pulcheria (Empress), 236
_Quartodecimans, The_, 39, 40, 50, 54
Quedlinburg, Council of, 100
Rabanus Maurus, 77, 87, 311;
_see_ Martyrology
Rainald of Dassel (Archbishop of Cologne), 441
Raphael, The Archangel, 332
Ravenna, The New Year at, 163
Recceswinth (Spanish King), 164
Reims, Synod of, 30
Remigius (Monk and Bishop of Lyons), 202 n., 406
Richardis (Empress), 315
Rietsch, J., on St Mary Magdalen, 315
Robert de Thorete (Bishop of Liège), 120 _seq._
_Robigalia, The_, 191
Roger II. (of Naples), 244
⸺ (Bishop of Salisbury), 250, 255
Romanesia, Feast of the Ascension at, 108
Rome, method of fixing Easter in, 51, 54;
Synod of, 61;
_see_ Calendars; Festivals of obligation; Martyrology
Roncalli, on the Calendar, 137
_Rosary, The_, 268 _seqq._;
Confraternities of the, 270 n.
Rotricus (Bishop of Rouen), 252
Rouen, Council of (A.D. 650), 164
Rudolph (Bishop of Bourges), 23
Rufinus, 319
Russia, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Sabas, St, _see_ Typicum
_Sabbath, The_, its position in the Church, 6
_Sacramentaries_, description of the, 342 _seqq._
_Sacramentary_:—
Cologne, in Cathedral library at, 415
Düsseldorf, in library at, 415
Essen, 84
Gallican, 110
Gelasian, 67 _seq._, 76, 78, 83, 102 _seq._, 114, 116, 156, 160,
163, 169, 175, 178, 180, 184 n., 187, 198, 219, 222, 229, 280,
285, 288, 292, 306, 330, 340;
description of, 343, 398
Gregorian, 62, 69, 72, 78, 83, 87, 101 _seqq._, 114, 116 _seq._,
163, 165, 170, 175 n., 178 _seqq._, 187, 198, 222, 228, 288,
292, 299, 306, 330, 340;
description of, 344, 398 _seq._
Leonine, 156, 178, 184 n., 198, 219, 222, 280, 285, 330;
description of, 343
Mozarabic, 101, 156
Salbarus (Persian General), 339
_Saturday_, its liturgical observance, 12
Saxony, festivals in, 35
Schrader, Clemens (S.J.,), on the Immac. Conc., 240 _seqq._
Schulting, Cornelius, 419
Scotus, Jo. Duns, 259
Sedatus (Bishop of Béziers), 169
Selden, John, Calendars published by, 218, 225, 238, 273, 286 n.,
299, 322, 381
Seligenstadt, Synod of, 223
Serapion (Abbot of Thmuis), 92
Sergius I. (Pope), 175, 229, 237, 344
Servilius Paulus (proconsul), 39
Severus, Sulpicius, 141
Sicardus (Bishop of Cremona), 255 _seq._
Siculus Peter, 247
Sidonius Apollinaris, 191
Siena, The _Liber Ordinarius_ of, 322
Silos, _see_ Calendars; Lectionary
Silvia (The Gallic pilgrim), on Christian worship, 8, 62 _seqq._, 86;
on Fasts, 93, 99, 107, 112 _seq._, 129, 152, 154 _seq._, 171, 173,
175, 196, 338, 433 _seq._
_Simchah Thorah_, festival of the, 111
Simplicius (Pope), 224
Sirleto (Cardinal), 308, 409
Siroes (King of Persia), 339
Sixtus I. (Pope), 51, 55
⸺ III. ” 271 n.
⸺ IV. ” 261 _seq._, 266, 274, 276, 326
⸺ V. (Pope), 264, 266
Socrates (Eccl. historian), 96, 106, 336
Sonnatius (Bishop of Reims), statutes of, 21;
Calendar of, 229 n., 238
Sophronius (Patriarch), 448
Sozomen (Eccl. historian), 9 _seq._, 207, 336
Spain, reduction of festivals in, 31;
Advent in, 159;
Feasts of B.V.M. in, 227, 254, 262;
St James in, 292 _seqq._;
_see_ Festivals of obligation
Sprenger, Jacob (O.P.), 270 n.
Stachys (Bishop of Constantinople), 289
Stephen (Bishop of Liège), 116 _seq._
_Sunday_, origin of the name, 7;
laws for its observance, 9 _seq._;
law-courts cease to sit on, 18;
races forbidden on, 19
Switzerland, _see_ Festivals of obligation
Symmachus (Pope), 208, 318 n., 331
_Synagogue, The_, its influence on the Church’s year, 5
_Synaxis_ [Synaxaria], of St John Baptist, 219, 345, 349;
_see_ Copts, Michael of Atriba
Szabolcs, Council of, 198
Tarragona, Synod of, 31
_Tenebræ_, The Office of, 71
Tertullian, 5;
his enumeration of feasts, 17;
on Easter, 40, 44, 56, 89 _seqq._, 99, 106;
on Pentecost, 111 _seq._, 127, 141, 172, 184;
on Christian burial, 213, 310, 431, 437
Theodore, on Feasts of B.V.M., 227
Theodorus Lector, 286
Theodosius II. (Emperor), his legislation about holy days, 19, 130,
220, 224
Theodulf, on Ember days, 188
Theophanes (historian), 328, 337 n.
Theophilus of Alexandria, 220
Theophilus of Cæsarea, on Easter, 40, 59
Thomas Aquinas, St, 122, 258
Thomassin, Louis, 419
Tillemont (historian), 210, 220, 320, 420
Toledo, 4th Synod of, 74, 80, 100, 164
6th ”, 193
8th ”, 100
10th ”, 232
_See_ Calendars, Martyrology
Tondini, Cæsar (Barnabite), on the Calendar, 52 n.
Tours, festivals celebrated at, 20;
second council of, 164, 331;
_see_ Calendars
Trani, _see_ Missal
_Translation_, of relics, 220, 267, 281, 292
Trent, Council of, 31, 263
Treves, Synod of, 268;
_see_ Calendars, Lectionary
Tribonianus, 134
Trithemius (Abbot), 274, 276 n., 403
Trullan Synod, the, 73, 100, 105, 232, 387
Turcius Almachius (Prefect of Rome), 317 _seqq._
_Typicum, The_, of St Sabas, 243, 447 _seq._
Tyre, Synod at, 195
Uranius (Bishop of Emesa), 221
Urban I. (Pope), 317
⸺ IV. ” _see_ James Pantaleon
⸺ VI. ” 267, 276
Urban VIII. (Pope), his constitution _Universa per orbem_, 29, 30, 200
Usuardus, _see_ Martyrology
Valens (Emperor), 130, 220
Valentia, council of, 213 n.
Valentinian II. (Emperor), law on Sunday rest, 10;
regulation of legal vacations, 17 _seq._, 134
Valesius, on the Lenten fast, 97
_Veil_, the Lenten [Hunger Veil], 104
Venantius Fortunatus, 316
_Vestments_, Liturgical, 428 _seqq._
Victor (Bishop of Capua), _see_ Lectionary
⸺ (Pope), 39, 55, 59, 90
Vienne, Council of, 124
Vigilius (Bishop of Trent), 191
Vincent Ferrer, St, 274
Walter (Bishop of Orleans), 23
⸺ (Bishop of Rouen), 252 n.
Wandelbert of Prüm, 57;
_see_ Martyrology
Warinus of Worcester, 248
Willibald, St (Bishop of Eichstätt), 314
Worcester, Synod of, 252
Wüstenfeld, F., 381 _seq._
_Xerophagiæ, The_, 99
Zacharias (Patr. of Jerusalem), 339
⸺ (Pope), 80 n., 164
Zeno of Verona, 151, 155, 165
Zosimus (Pope), 81
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