Bad, gangame, ganyame. Properly _not-good_.
Bark, nansoᵘa´.
Basket, najᵘari.
Bat, nyuta´.
Bean, nyumú.
Beast, nyumbú. Compare _tiger_.
Bear, to (to bear children), pindih.
Beard, gísa.
Bed, nakutá.
Bee, nopopo.
Beetle, nagᵘa.
Belly, ngusi.
Bird, nori, nyuri´. Compare _snake_ and _flower_. _Chap._ nuri.
Bitter, yasi.
Black, nansome.
Blood, nijnyú; S. nenuh.
Blue, nandipame.
Body or Flesh, nimbrome, nampoome.
Bone, nyuⁱ.
Bowels, ngita.
Boy, nasome; R. norome; little boy, noromiñamu.
Branch (of a tree) ndiro nya; = “its arm, tree.”
Brandy, nimbuyasi; = “water, bitter.”
Brave, pusitⁱu.
Brook, nanda.
Brother, manku, mambo.
Brother, younger, mambo nyamo nasome.
Buttocks, bojoⁱ; nbasi, basti´.
Cacao, nyúsi.
Camote, yujmi (an edible root).
Cane, sugar, niriómbome.
Cantaro (a water jar), natiyojpo.
Casava, see _yuca_.
Cat, misa, mixa.
Cat, wild, misa se nirome; = “cat of the forest.”
Chachalaca, tásara. A kind of partridge called, in Nahuatl,
_chachalacatl_.
Chalchihuitl (a green stone, Nah.), nyu se rayo; the last word, _rayo_, is
Spanish, and the expression means “stone of the lightning,” the belief
being that these stones are thunderbolts.
Cheek, girote. Compare _face_.
Chief, ruler, mánkeme. _Chap._ manaχämä, from _χimá_, the head. See _The
Güegüence_, Introd., p. viii, note.
Chief, female, najyumbu.
Child, nasungi.
Chile (a sort of red pepper), ningi.
Chocolate, nimbu nyusi; = “water-cacao.”
Chocollo (a bird), naturi.
Church, nakúmbui.
Clay, nambroj.
Clay, potter’s, nambrój se nati; = “clay of jars.”
Cock, a, norijᵘé.
Cockroach, nambisa.
Cocoyol, neme; a species of palm.
Cold, poro´, yoro, oro.
Collar, or necklace, bakoya´jo.
Comal (a dish or plate), nambujyoⁱ.
Come, to, na.
Conch-shell, txote.
Cook, a female, nakaⁱ nakupasi. Comp. _kitchen_.
Corn-field, namasinyu´, ndam bur´rio.
Cotton, naroti´.
Cotton, thread of, tapakúsime naròti.
Dance, to, tasosmo.
Daughter, banya nasinyamo. Comp. _son_ and _girl_.
Daughter-in-law, mbájtioro.
Dead, koⁱjme. Comp. _to die_.
Deaf, gungupajo; = not hearing.
Deer, nyúmba ngami.
Devil, natamasimo.
Die, to, nagaᵃnyu; _imper._ koijme.
Dish from a gourd, nambira. Comp. _water_.
Distant, haⁱtsu.
Door, nya síyu.
Drink, to, _imper._ koi ri (?).
Drum, nyunsú. Comp. _jicara_.
Dog, nyumbi´.
Dog, female, nyumbi nyakaⁱ.
Ear, nyújmi.
Earth, land, nikupu´, nambrome.
Eat, to, nasu, _imper._ koⁱta´.
Egg, nyuga-yori. Comp. _bird_.
Egg-shell, nansoᵘa. Compare _bark_.
Enclosure, mendí.
Enclosure of stone, mendi nyuᵃ.
Excrement, nigᵘa.
Eye, nate.
Face, ngroti. Compare _cheek_.
Father, kᵘé; kújkᵘe; S. gooha. R. coehyo.
Feather, napa yorí.
Female, of animals, nyaka.
Finger, ndiro. Compare _arm_ and _hand_. _Chap._ banya dilá.
Finger nail, monsu´, munsú.
Fire, nyayu, naku; S. nahu.
Fish, nyujú.
Flatus, píjⁱ.
Flea, louse, etc., nyuⁱ.
Flesh, for eating, nampumi.
Flint, nyupa nyugo. Compare _stone_.
Flower, nyuri, niri. Compare _bird_ and _snake_.
Fly, a, nimbrome.
Food, nyumuta. Comp. _bean_.
Foot, ngirá.
Forehead, gula.
Forest, nijome, nmandi.
Fork, a, nya nangu. Compare _house_. Probably the forked stick, which
supports the ridge-pole.
Friend, ngurí; manku. Comp. _brother_.
Frog, natakopó. Comp. _toad_.
Fruit, narime.
Gall, bayatimé.
Gaspar, nyuju yansu. A fish sometimes called the “lizard fish.”
Girl, nasunyamo. R. najiñamu.
God, kupankeme Dio; nikus´pᵘa. (Our Lord.) _Chap._ kopandχame; comp.
_chief_. S. gopahemedeo.
Good, pami, pame, yame.
Great, yokᵘe, yokᵘeme.
Green, apame, yapame.
Guacal (small dish), narí.
Guayabo (a fruit), nikonyo´.
Hair, nimbi´.
Half-breed, nyukúsᵘa.
Hamack, nyu. Comp. _mecate_.
Hand, ndiro. Comp. _arm_ and _finger_. _Chap._ diⁱla.
Hat, nimpe.
Hatchet, nimunguyá.
Hawk, nake´.
He, pron. neje.
Head, ngu´ kimo.
Heart, nambume.
Heaven, sky, nakupᵘi; nakujpu.
Heavy, arime.
Hedge, or fence. See _enclosure_.
Henequen (a fibrous plant), notome.
High, opome.
Hoe, bajarítojo.
Hog, nyuju.
Hog, wild, nyuju mandi. Comp. _forest_.
Honey, nambo´ pu, nombó.
Horn, nimbomo.
Horse, nyumpie´. Comp. _tapir_.
Hot, tsujmu, yátsumu.
House, nangu, nge.
Husband, bohᵘe. Comp. _man_ and _male_.
Iguana, nyumbu. Comp. _animal_, _beast_.
Indian, an, namba´jimo.
Jar, of pottery, nimbúgu.
Jicara (tall jar), nyúnsu.
Kill, to, tambajme.
Kitchen, nakupasi.
Lake, ninda.
Leaf, nyuma´.
Leg, ngiko.
Light, _adj._ ngári me; = not-heavy.
Lightning, kŏyo´mo (?).
Lion, couguar, nyumbú nyangami. Comp. _deer_.
Little, kame; R. ñamu.
Lizard, nyukú.
Low, nyamo. Comp. _small_.
Macana (an iron implement for cutting brush), nampúj.
Mecapal (a net for carrying loads), napalumu.
Machete (a heavy knife), nímbⁱu.
Maize, namá.
Maize, ear of, nyupó.
Maize, cob of, neje´.
Maize, green, nyopome.
Maize, cooked (nistamal), nyu´ritu.
Maize, masa of, nambima.
Male, of animals, jᵘe, fᵘe.
Mamma, su ngitsu, ngisu.
Man (homo), ndijpu. _Chap._ dipaju.
Man (vir), nyugo, nojue, enkaj; S. nuho. _Chap._ nuᵘa.
Mantle, of cotton, nambu sángui; R. nimbu ranguma.
Married man, koipujma nasominyamo.
Married woman, nojí.
Mat, nuri.
Metapail (hand-stone for pounding grain), ndiro nyupa (hand-stone).
Metate (mealing stone, mortar), nyupá; = _stone_.
Mill woman, a, nasinyamo tapa´ kupᵘi.
Mole, nyu´kupu. Comp. _armadillo_.
Money, najmo´. Comp. _silver_.
Monkey, nambi.
Moon, yu. _Chap._ yujú.
Mother, ngumo; nyame; ngimo; S. goomo. R. guirmoh.
Mountain, hill, tiri, diri.
Mouth, nyunsu; R. ñunzu.
Much, pókopi.
Musquito, néju.
Nacatamal (maize cooked with flesh), nyuga mpume. Comp. _tamal_.
Navel, ngutinyamo.
Near, kopunapu.
Neck, nkoⁱ.
Negro, a, nanso´me. Comp. _black_.
Nephew, batsún kényamo.
Nest, ngä. Comp. _house_.
Net (for carrying), niskupu, namu.
Net (for fishing), najkupu; niskupu se yuju.
Night, koyujmi (it is now night).
No, áku.
Nose, nyungú; R. nuñgu.
Old man, kopo´. Comp. _ancestor_.
Old woman, nakaⁱ, naskaⁱme.
Opossum, niyú.
Orphan, butájmu.
Pain, gaime.
Parrot, nimbusojo.
Pearl color (nacar), narimbame.
Pebble, nipa. Comp. _stone_.
Penis, buᵃyore.
Petticoats, nimbusame; nambusangume. Comp. _mantle_.
Pigeon, nyurinyamo.
Pineapple, nindi.
Pinole (maize roasted and pulverized), nambari.
Pisote (a badger?), nyundi.
Plantain, green, nirinte, nikotona.
Plantain, ripe, ndurime.
Plate (of dried gourd), nambira.
Pleiades, the, napopo.
Poor, nambájimo, nambainjume.
Pretty, tapustxuya.
Priest, kuᵘjkᵘé.
Privates (female), sungipᵘai motxo´tete.
Rabbit, nyuku. Comp. _lizard_.
Rain, nimbu. Comp. _water_.
Rat, nangi.
Red, arimbome.
Reed, néjeri.
Rind (peel), nansoᵘa´. Comp. _bark_.
River, neju.
Road, niro.
Roof, nimú, nakamu´.
Room, apartment, nakangu. Comp. _home_.
Rope, string (mecate), nyuⁱ.
Sacate (a species of grass), nimú, nakamo.
Saliva, nimbójmo.
Salt, niri.
Sandal, or moccasin, nyansu, ninsu.
Sapote, red (a fruit), noxa´, nyuxa´.
Scorpion, nyumbukukí.
Sea, nimbu yumbu.
She, pron. neja. See _He_.
Shirt, for men, mboyú.
Shirt, of women, nayu.
Shore, ninda. Comp. _lake_.
Shoulder, inkuⁱ.
Silver, najmo. Comp. _money_.
Sing, to, undamo.
Sister, boronyamo, mambo. Comp. _brother_.
Skin, hide (of animals), nínsu, nansú, nyún su.
Sleep, to, nagu.
Small, txote, nyamo. Comp. _low_.
Smoke, nyujmi; S. nemare.
Snake, nyurí. _Chap._ nulú. Comp. _bird_ and _flower_.
Son, banya.
Son-in-law, ngismó.
Sorcerer, nyuᵘja.
Sour, yagu.
Speak, to, nata, _imper._ papa´me.
Squirrel, naré.
Star, nyutí; R. nuti; S. nuete. _Chap._ nahuiti.
Stone, rock, nyupá (pl. nipa).
Stool, nambu ku ta´.
Sugar, nombó. Comp. _sweet_.
Sun, nyumbᵘi, nomo; S. numbu. _Chap._ mapíju. Comp. _moon_.
Sweet, nombo´.
Tamal (a dumpling of sweetened maize), nyuga.
Tapir, the, nyumpié mandi. Comp. _forest_.
Tear, a, nimbu nate. Comp. _water_ and _eye_.
Tenamaste or cooking stone, hajmi nyugu (three stones), nakupasí (see,
_to cook_), nikusugo´.
Thief, tiposi´tinyo.
Thorn, ni, nindi.
Thunder, koi tapu´meme; lit, “it thunders.”
Thrush, nyújᵘa. A species of _Caprimulgus_.
Tick, nambisá, nansumá.
Tiger, jaguar, nyumbú. Comp. _animal_.
Tiste (a drink of cacao, etc.), nimbyusi. Comp. _water_.
Toad, natakopó.
Tobacco, nyumurime; nimburime; S. nemurema. To smoke tobacco, fasomo nimbu
rimi.
Tomate, naripo.
To-morrow, majimi. Comp. _yesterday_.
Tongue, grijᵘí.
Tooth, niji.
Tortilla, noⁱ.
Totoposte (a kind of corn-bread), nyua yanjí.
Town, namá puma, namépume.
Tree, nya. Comp. _wood_.
Trough, nimbóya. Comp. _water_.
Turtle, of water, nyuka.
Ugly, ganyame. Comp. _bad_.
Unio (the shell so-called), nyukanyamu.
Vapor (mist, steam, etc.), ndipí.
Vase (tinaja), nojpú.
Washwoman, nasinyamo tapapa´poro.
Wasp, najú (?).
Water, nimbú.
Wax, nyu.
Well (noun), kita.
Where? nde.
White, nandirime.
Wife, mboome, njujmi. Comp. _husband_.
Wind, nitiu´; níjtⁱu. S. neshtu.
Woman, noji, nasi.
Wood, nya, nindomi (?).
Yellow, nandiume.
Yes, un; taspo (?).
Yesterday, yajimi.
Yuca (the _Yatropha manihot_), noya, nuya. _Chap._ niya.
_Numerals._
1. tike.
2. ha, ja, jami, jojo.
3. hajmi, jajame.
4. hahome.
5. hagujmi.
10. jendo.
20. jajué.
800. jaⁱmbí.
_The Verb “to be,” R._
I am, cejo.
Thou art, simuh.
He is, neje sumu.
We are, cis mi muh.
_Pronouns._
I, saho, S.
My, amba, mba.
He, neje, R.
She, neja, R.
_Phrases._
Koi múrio, It is already dawn.
Koi yujmi, It is already night.
Koi prijpi, It is already growing dark.
Koi újumbo, He has already urinated.
Koi gaimi ndiro, He gave me his hand.
Koi pajo nama siñú, I am going to die (ya me voy a la muerte).
Koi-li nimbuyati, I drank some brandy.
Koi-tā cutaca ñumbi´, I ate like a dog.
Koi-li gipomo ga muningui, I ate broth with chile.
Tagüaime ga muñunso yokᵘe, Give me a large jar.
Tari nimbuin, on güari? Will you drink some tiste, or will you not?
Oyat us ma? How do you like it (_i. e._, hot or cold)?
Pókopi ndijpo, } Many people.
Taku pámu ndijpú, }
Koi jini kújkᵘe, His father died.
Muri kagroⁱ, Here is the old woman.
Ai nambunú ju, I have a pain in the belly.
Ni koi sime, You have already bought.
Pe ya puti nakutá, Go and lie down in the room.
Tiki numapuna, It is the town.
Nam bu mejo, His stomach is weak.
Koi tsujmú nimbu, The water is already warm.
Koi puró nimbu, The water is already cold.
Koi piro, He has already come.
Pami nyumuta, The food is good.
Cajo rismoh, I am seated.
Neje zuma rimah, They are lying down.
Guay cane noy, Give me a piece of tortilla.
Koi guaja, I have already given you some.
Garoh, Not yet.
Ejeh } Take some!
Uji! }
Susupusca? } How are you?
Kuj mi mo? }
Ko´ mi muya´ i ku? And you, how are you?
Camo cujmi umyaique, Nasi pujimo camo? There is nothing new; and
you, how are you?
Gusapo, Take a seat.
Nam bro´ gatsuro yaji? Why did you not come yesterday?
Koi kᵘeme, I was up there.
Kupa kastai, Señor, Good-by, Señor.
Nohue opome, A tall man.
Nya opome, A high tree.
Nya nyamo, A short tree.
Nyumbi yokᵘe, A large dog.
Nyumbi pusitⁱu, A brave dog.
Kŏyómo nikújᵘi nímbu, With thunder comes rain.
Koⁱ pirami nimbᵘí, Already comes the rain.
Tapuko kuno tipo kunyo, Let us go to see the sick man.
Mundamó, The pigeon sings.
Nde yat supu is ya? Where are you going?
Tsupu nekajui, I am going to the garden.
Munsu supu kujkui, They are (go) lame.
Ropia, Come here.
Ropia no somíngamo, Come here and sweep.
Koi apiñame naturi, The Chocollo (bird) has already cried.
Koi píndih Juaná, Joanna is with child.
Pieyas mah, She already was.
La puta (_Span._) ansu punah, The whore that bore thee.
Cumbú puy muh, I do not remember.
Neje rumu coy cuhme, He is already a great man.
Nis puzu punah? What did she bring forth?
Naci ñamu, A little girl.
Taru miro, They are all mine.
Neja guirmiño, That is my half.
Niora múta pu ninda? Are you going to the shore?
Taspo, Yes.
Ya pu camu, In a little while.
Mu koi cu pumé, Thou hast already seen it.
Koi cu pumé, I have already seen it.
Uño! See!
Mis upa´? Where are you going?
Umimo uyako, } We are out of breath.
Pasi pújimo, }
Pangare´ manijitaré, Be quiet, I will pay you to-morrow.
Gugapi, koy ujmi, Let us sleep, it is night.
Buᵘsi naᵃ, munikako, Get away from here, you son of a devil!
Nim bu´ tajo pa´yamo? What were you doing by the water?
Tapame, Be good.
Motan atima nyumpia, You come on horseback.
_Observations on the Vocabulary._
_Prefixes._--The most frequent prefixes in the vocabulary are _nyu_ and
_nya_. They probably indicate the position of the noun as independent of
expressed possessive relations. In the Chapanec they are also found, but
not so commonly. They do not appear to be classificatory particles, as
they are prefixed to the names of the most diverse objects.
_Generic Names._--These are quite common, as is frequently the case in
American languages, in spite of what has often been said to the contrary.
The word _nyu-mbu_ means any large quadruped; _nyuⁱ_, any insect;
_narimu_, any kind of wild fruit, etc. It must be remembered that the
genera into which individuals are grouped have a widely different
connotation from those to which we are accustomed.
_Cat._--The word for cat, _misa_, seems identical with the Cakchiquel
_mez_. In Chapanec it is _kitu_, reminding one of _kitten_. As the
domestic cat was unknown in America before the discovery, these words can
probably be traced to some European source.
_Color Names._--The color names appear difficult to analyze, and vary from
those in Chapanec. Thus, as given by the various authorities, they are:
Mangue, Chapanec.
Black, nanzome, R. dujamä.
White, nandirime, R. dilimä.
Yellow, nandiume, R. nandikumä.
Blue or Green, { nandipame, R. ndipamä.
{ apame, B.
Red, arimbome, B. nduimä.
In these adjectives the termination _me_ or _mä_ does not belong to the
root. Father Abornoz tells us that this suffix characterizes adjectives in
the singular number, when they qualify a certain class of nouns “in
_tighe_.” (See his _Gram._ p. 15.) The nasal or resonant beginning most of
them is also a mere prefix.
_Proper Names._--But few native families of the Mangue districts of
Nicaragua have retained names drawn from their ancient tongues. In a list
before me of several hundred persons in Masaya and Managua, the only
surnames from the Mangue are _Norori_, _Ñamendi_, _Namullure_, _Putoi_,
_Nionongue_, _Macanche_, and perhaps _Huembes_ and _Piura_. Generally, the
natives adopted Spanish surnames.
On the other hand, a large number of local names, derived from the Mangue
language, on the map of Nicaragua still define the region once occupied by
this nation. Such are _Nindiria_ (from _ninda_, shore, _diri_, hill),
_Nakutiri_ (from _naku_, fire, _diri_, hill), _Monimbe_ (_nimbu_, water,
rain), _Nandasimo_ (_nanda_, brook), Mombonasi (_nasi_, woman), _Masaya_,
_Managua_, _Namotiva_, _Norome_, _Nicoya_, _Oretina_, etc., etc.