Agincourt, The Field of, 556.
Agricola's governorship, 14.
Alcuin, 92.
Alderman, 26.
Aldred crowning William I., 108;
death, 112.
Alexius, Emperor, and the Crusaders, 139;
reception of Godfrey, 145;
attacks Raymond, 146.
Alfred, Accession of, 39;
in the neat-herd's hut, 42;
a wanderer, 42;
defeats the Danes, 42;
work and character, 44.
Alfred, son of Ethelred, 67.
Alod, 34.
Alphege, Murder of, 60;
bones removed to Canterbury, 65.
Angles, 25.
Anglesea invaded by Paulinus, 11;
by Agricola, 14;
taken from the Welsh, 129.
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (map), 37.
Anlaff entering the Humber, 48;
struggles for the crown, 50.
Anselm, Archbishop, 126;
returns to England, 154;
dispute with Henry I., 157;
death, 158.
Architecture, English and Norman, 83;
transition from Norman to Gothic, 315;
Early English style, 315;
Decorated style of, 498.
Artevelde, Jacob van, 405;
slain, 413.
Artevelde, Philip van, defeated at Rosbecque, 460;
seeks English aid, 461.
Arthur, 27;
his burial place, 31;
mythical nature of, 253.
Arthur, Richard's heir, 251;
his misfortunes, 252;
supported by Philip, 255;
his fate, 256;
murder, 257.
Arundel, Earl of, arrested, 472;
executed, 474.
Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, impeached, 474;
appointed to the see of St. Andrews, 477;
at Henry IV.'s accession, 484.
Ashdon, Battle of, 63.
Athelstan, Conspiracy against, 47;
his death and character, 50.
Audley, Lord, Death of, 442.
Augustine settles at Canterbury, 29.
Aylesford, Battle of, 27.
Bacon, Roger, Work of, 492.
Baldwin elected King of Edessa, 149;
King of Jerusalem, 151.
Ball, John, 452;
joins Wat Tyler's insurrection, 455.
Balliol, Edward, crowned, 398;
contract with Edward III., 428.
Balliol, John, takes the oath of homage to Edward I., 334;
claim to the throne supported by Edward, 335;
obsequiousness, 340;
sent to England, 342;
death, 348;
founder of Balliol College, 490.
Bannockburn, Battle of, 372.
Barbour, John, 496.
Barons, Rapine of the, 170;
disputes with John, 265;
at St. Edmondsbury, 266;
declare war against John, 267;
at Runnymede, 268;
desert Louis, 278;
their lawlessness, 280;
opposition to Peter of Winchester, 283;
contempt for Henry III., 288;
demands from Henry III., 298;
their ambition, 299;
encroach upon the royal authority, 300;
dissensions among, 302;
terms of peace, 305;
resist the award of Louis, 306;
oath and allegiance to Edward, 314;
greater and lesser, 361;
demand Piers Gaveston's banishment, 366;
growing power under Edward II., 369;
rise against the Despensers, 377;
more conquests from the Crown, 385.
Battle Abbey, 83.
Bayeux Tapestry, 104.
Beaufort, Cardinal, 578;
character of, 586;
impeached, 587;
and Margaret of Anjou, 603;
death, 604.
Beaufort's, Joan, influence on James of Scotland, 581.
Beaugé, Battle of, 572.
Becket, Thomas, Ambassador to the French court, 184;
accompanies Henry II. to Toulouse, 186;
parentage and early career, 187;
his magnificence, 188;
compels the clergy to pay scutage, 189;
appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, 190;
flies, 191;
interview with the king, 194;
returns to England, 195;
murdered, 196.
Bede, 91.
Bedford, Duke of, Regent, 551;
Regent of France, 576;
suggests James of Scotland's release, 581;
defeats Buchan in France, 582;
desertions from, 585;
leaves France, 586;
marries Jacquetta of Burgundy, 598;
death, 599.
Berkeley Castle, Edward II. in, 384.
Bernicia, Kingdom of, 27.
Berwick attacked by Edward I., 340;
burnt, 534.
Bigod, Hugh, Earl of Norfolk, revolts, 170;
protects Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, 177.
Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, denies England's subjection to Rome,
292.
Bills of Exchange, 507.
Black Agnes, 400.
Black Death, The, 426.
Black Prince, The, born, 393;
accompanies his father to France, 414;
at the battle of Creçy, 419;
bravery, 419;
ravages in France, 428;
courtesy to King John, 431;
assists Don Pedro, 439;
indignation at Charles, 440;
returns to England, 443;
death and character, 446.
Blondel, Story of, 243.
Boadicea, 11;
addressing her troops, 13;
her death, 14.
"Boar's Head," The, 543.
Bookland, 34.
Boroughbridge, Battle of, 378.
Bouvines, Battle of, 266.
Brabançons, Expulsion of, 182.
Bramham Moor, Engagement at, 536.
Brenneville, Battle of, 162.
Bretigny, Peace of, 437.
Britain, Conquest of, by the Angles, 26.
Britannia, Prima, 18;
Secunda, 18.
Britons, Character of the, 2.
Bruce, Edward, invited to Ireland, 375;
slain at Fagher, 376.
Bruce, Robert, taken prisoner, 307;
claim to the Scottish throne, 332;
takes the oath and homage to Edward I., 334.
Bruce, Robert, the younger, swears fidelity to Edward I., 344;
deserts Wallace, 345;
becomes the Scottish leader, 355;
contract with Lamberton, 356;
wife and daughter captured at Tain, 357;
his growing power, 371;
disposition of his Forces at Bannockburn, 372;
release of his wife and daughter, 375;
death and character, 391;
last orders, 392.
Bruges, Truce of, 444.
Brunanburgh, Battle of, 49.
Burford, Battle of, 30, 32.
Caen, Treaty of, 127;
Edward III. at, 414.
Cæsar, Julius, preparing to invade Britain, 5;
his departure and return, 7.
Calais, Siege of, 420;
an English colony, 426.
Cambridge Colleges, Founding of, 491.
Cambridge, Richard, Earl of, executed, 552.
Camulodunum, Capture of, 7;
recaptured by Britons, 12.
Candles, 100.
Canterbury Cathedral, 213.
"Canterbury Tales," 497.
Canterbury, Wat Tyler at, 455;
founding of the Cathedral, 29;
Becket's murder in, 196.
Canute proclaimed king, 61;
attacks London, 63;
meeting with Edmund Ironside, 63;
marries Emma, 65;
a pilgrim to Rome, 66.
Canute, the Younger, claims the crown, 117.
Caractacus, 8;
before Claudius, 10;
defeated and sent to Rome, 10.
Carlisle, Fortress built at, 128.
Carnarvon, Charter granted to, 328;
castle fortified, 330.
Cassivelaunus, 7.
Ceawlin, 27, 31.
Cedwalla, 31.
Celibacy enforced on the clergy, 158.
Cenwealh, 31.
Cenwulf, 30.
Ceolric, 31.
Ceolwulf, 31.
Ceorl, 26.
Cerdic, 27.
Charmouth, Battle of, 38.
Chartres, Siege of, 574.
Chaucer, 492.
Chester, Earl of, defeats the Welsh, 129.
Chivalry, Institution of, 132.
Christian prisoners massacred by Saladin, 228.
Christian refugees in Britain, 16.
Christianity in England, 29.
Church, Position of the, under the Saxon Kings, 36;
power of the, 486;
schism in the, 559.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, 190.
Clergy, Crimes of the, 189.
Clergy, Oppressions of the, 348.
Clermont, Council at, 137.
Clocks, 510.
Coal, 507.
Cobham, Lord, and the Lollards, 546;
execution of, 563.
Coin, clipped, and the Jews, 323;
Coinage, gold, issue of a, 507.
Coin, Export of, forbidden, 506.
Commerce in the 14th century, 506.
Commons, The growing power of the, 449;
animosity to Lancaster, 450.
Compass, Invention of the, 508.
Compurgation, 34.
Comyn, regent of Scotland, 352;
submits to Edward, 354;
treachery and death, 357.
Conrad, King of Jerusalem, 231.
Constantine, 16.
Constantius, 15.
Cornwall, Earl of, Regent, 319.
Coronation Chair and Stone of Destiny, 341.
Corsned, 35.
Courtrai, Flemish victory at, 351.
Crayford, Battle of, 27.
Creçy, English army at, 416;
French army, 418;
description of the battle, 419.
Cressingham, Hugh de, appointed treasurer of Scotland, 343;
death, 346.
Crévant, Siege of, 579.
Crusade, The first, 138;
its fate, 140.
Crusades, Second and Third, 219;
causes of the, 132.
Crusaders raising the Standard of the Cross on the walls of
Jerusalem, 151;
dissensions among the, 230.
Cumberland ceded to Scotland, 51.
Curia Regis founded, 167.
Cymric, 27.
Cynegils, 31.
Danegeld, 58;
renewed by Harthacanute, 67;
remitted, 170.
Danes, Character of the, 38;
their perfidy, 58;
massacred, 58.
Danish invasions, 38;
settlements in Ireland, 48;
invasions, third period, 57.
Dauphin, Title of, 428.
David II. of Scotland invades England, 422;
captured at Neville's Cross, 422;
a prisoner, 432;
death, 433.
_De Heretico Comburendo_, 544, 546.
Deira, Kingdom of, 28.
Denham, Battle of, 27.
Despenser, Edward II.'s favourite, 377.
Despenser, Hugh le, deposed, 302;
restored, 305.
Devizes Castle, Surrender of, 172.
Domesday Book, 118.
Domestic Buildings, 14th century, 502.
Dominicans, The, 488.
Doorways, Norman, 215;
Gothic, 316;
of the Decorated Style, 500.
Douglas, Lord James, leads the Scots into England, 388;
attacks the English camp, 390;
carries Bruce's heart to Jerusalem, 391.
Dover Castle Pharos, 19.
Drama in the 14th century, 514.
Dress in Early England, 99.
Druid Temples, 4.
Druidism, 3.
Dublin captured, 201.
Du Guesclin defeats de Buch, 438;
set over the French companies, 439.
Duke, Title of, 448.
Duns Scotus, Learning of, 494.
Dunstan, 51;
separating Edwy and Elgiva, 54;
favoured by Edgar, 54;
his miracles, 55;
death, 57.
Dupplin Moor, Battle of, 398.
Eadbald, 29.
Earl's Barton Church, 86.
Earn, Battle near the, 398.
East Anglia, 27;
a Danish kingdom, 39.
Edgar Atheling, 65;
sent for, 74;
elected king, 107;
seeks refuge in Scotland, 110;
Henry's prisoner, 159.
Edgar rowed on the Dee by eight tributary princes, 54;
becomes king, 54.
Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, 54.
Edington, Battle of, 43.
Edmund, 50;
his death, 51.
Edmund Ironside, 62.
Edred, 51.
Education, State of, 14th century, 488.
Edward I. deposes his father, 300;
his fidelity, 302;
repulses Prince Llewelyn, 303;
taken prisoner by Leicester, 305;
defeats Simon de Montfort, 308;
prepares to go to the Holy Land, 311;
accession, 319;
attempt to murder, 320;
grief at his father's death, 321;
arrives in England, 323;
quarrel with Llewelyn, 326;
reforms in Wales, 328;
settles a dispute respecting Sicily, 330;
designs upon Scotland, 332;
decides in favour of Balliol, 335;
cruelty to the Jews, 336;
marches upon Scotland, 340;
successes, 342;
defeats Wallace, 347;
sets sail for Flanders, 348;
coalition against, 350;
concessions to the barons, 351;
marriage with Margaret, the sister of Philip, 351;
returns to Scotland, 352;
offers a reward for Wallace's head, 354;
prepares to avenge Comyn's death, 358;
death and character, 359;
his statutes, 360;
demands from the clergy, 487.
Edward II., marriage with Isabella, 351, 366;
favouritism, 364;
recalls Gaveston, 367;
flies from the Earl of Lancaster, 370;
grief at Gaveston's death, 371;
invades Scotland, 372;
flight from Bannockburn, 375;
besieges Berwick, 376;
makes a favourite of Despenser, 377;
recalls the Spensers, 378;
starts for France, 380;
deposed, 383;
his death, 384.
Edward III. advances against the Scots, 389;
marries Philippa of Hainault, 391;
assumes the government, 395;
invests Berwick, 398;
claims the French throne, 399;
prepares to invade France, 405;
returns to England for funds, 406;
deserted by his allies, 407;
pecuniary troubles, 408;
captures Caen, 414;
after Creçy, 420;
treatment of the citizens of Calais, 424;
expedition into Scotland, 428;
releases David II. of Scotland, 433;
again invades France, 437;
growing infirmities, 444;
his jubilee, 446;
deserted and dies, 447;
his family, 448.
Edward the Confessor's accession, 68;
rupture with Godwin, 69;
his peaceful reign, 78;
death, 78.
Edward the Elder, 46;
becomes lord of all England, 47.
Edward the Martyr, 55.
Edwin of Deira, 29.
Edwin goes to Normandy, 108;
rises against the Conqueror, 110;
flies, 113.
Edwy, 52;
death, 54.
Egbert, 30;
ascends the throne, 32.
Eleanor's devotion to Edward I., 320.
Elgiva's death, 54.
Ellandune, Battle of, 33.
Eltham Palace, 446.
Ely Cathedral, 315.
England, the kingdoms of, 27.
England in the 14th century, 509.
Eorl, 26.
Eostre, 26.
Essex, Kingdom of, 27.
Essex, Revolt in, 454.
Ethel, 34.
Ethelbald, King of Mercia, 30;
Ethelbald, King of Wessex, 39.
Ethelbert, 29;
Ethelbert buys off the Danes, 39.
Ethelfrith, 28.
Ethelred I., 39.
Ethelred the Unready, 57;
leaves England, 60;
recalled, 61;
death, 62.
Ethelwulf, 38.
Eustace, Count of Boulogne, captures Bishop Odo, 125;
joins the Crusades, 141;
rejected as his father Stephen's successor, 177;
opposition to Henry Plantagenet, 179.
Evesham, Battle of, 308.
Exchequer, Court of, 362.
Exton, Sir Piers, and Richard II., 485, 520.
Fairs, 506.
Falkirk, Battle of, 347.
Falstaff, Sir John, 543.
Fines under the Saxon Kings, 35.
Fitz-Osbert, Longbeard, 246.
Fitz-Stephen lands in Ireland, 201.
Fitz-Walter chosen leader of the barons, 267.
Flemings imported into England, 161;
expedition of the, 182;
forbidden to trade in England, 323;
support Edward III., 405.
Flint Castle attacked, 327;
Arrival of Richard II. at, 482.
Folkland, 34.
Foss, 23.
France, War with, 119;
War with, declared, 340;
peace arranged, 351;
English conquests in, 421;
the Peasants' war in, 435;
conditions of peace with, 437;
renewed war with England, 442;
disturbed state, 548;
renewal of the war with, 605.
Franciscans, The, 488.
Frank-pledge, 34;
renewed, 167.
Frea, 26.
"Free Companies," 434;
attempts to get rid of, 439.
Galgacus, 15.
Garter, Order of the, 426.
Gascoigne, Judge, 534.
Gaunt, John of. (_See_ Lancaster.)
Gefolge, 26.
Geoffrey Plantagenet, 166.
Gesith, 26.
Gisors, Battle at, 249.
Gloucester, Duke of, and the king, 464;
opposes the king's marriage, 471;
seized, 472;
sudden death, 474.
Gloucester, Duke of, Regent of England, 576;
dispute with the Parliament, 577.
Gloucester, Earl of, opposes the dictum de Kenilworth, 311;
regent, 319;
hint to Bruce, 357.
Godfrey of Boulogne and the Crusades, 140;
and Hugh of Vermandois, 142;
elected King of Jerusalem, 151.
Godiva, Lady, 71.
Godwin, Earl of Wessex, 65;
and Alfred's death, 67;
supports Edward, 68.
Gothic architecture, 314.
Gourdon, Adam, 310.
Gower, John, Poems of, 496.
Great Council, The, 361.
Greek Fire, 151.
Griffith of Wales, 72.
Grosseteste, Robert, Papal bull to, 486;
as a theologian, 491;
and music, 505.
Gunpowder, 492.
Guthrum, 43.
Haco of Norway defeated by Alexander III., 331.
Hadrian's Wall, 15.
Hale's, Sir Robert, house attacked by rioters, 454.
Halidon Hill, Battle of, 399.
Harold, Godwin's son, 71;
his piety, 72;
his accession, 74;
his oath to William, 78;
searching for his body, 83.
Harold Hardrada, 79.
Harthacanute, 67.
Hastings, Battle of, 82.
Hastings, the Danish leader, 43.
Hawarden Castle attacked, 326.
Hengist, 27.
Henry of Monmouth, and Glendower, 534, 538;
character, 543.
(_See_ Henry V.)
Henry of Winchester, compact with Matilda, 173;
gives his support to Stephen, 174;
quits the country, 183.
Henry I.'s accession, 152;
marriage, 155;
peace arranged with Robert, 157;
dispute with the Church, 158;
seeks to dispossess his brother of Normandy, 159;
invades Wales, 161;
loses his son, 164;
family dissensions, 166.
Henry II., coronation and early policy, 182;
claims Nantes, 183;
marches on Toulouse, 186;
marries his eldest son to Louis VII.'s daughter, 187;
friendship with Becket, 188;
rupture with Becket, 190;
accused of being Becket's murderer, 196;
swears his innocence, 198;
designs upon Ireland, 199;
recalls his subjects from that country, 201;
sails thither, 202;
rupture with his eldest son, 203;
reconciliation with his sons, 206;
death of his eldest son, 207;
attempts to divorce Eleanor, 208;
death and character, 210.
Henry III. appointed his father's heir, 276;
crowned, 277;
confided to the Earl of Pembroke, 278;
declared of age by a Papal bull, 280;
war with Louis VIII., 282;
oppresses the Jews, 289;
partiality to Italians, 291;
accepts the crown of Sicily for his son Edmund, 292;
frequent violations of the great charter, 294;
sarcasm to the prelates, 295;
intimidated by the barons, 298;
absolved from his oath to observe the provisions of Oxford, 302;
proposes a treaty with the barons, 305;
taken prisoner by Leicester, 307;
at the battle of Evesham, 310;
death, 312.
Henry IV., Coronation of, 515;
dealing with his opponents, 516;
conspiracy against, 518;
its failure, 519;
marches upon Scotland, 522;
marches against Glendower, 523;
offends Hotspur, 526;
another conspiracy against, 527;
at the Battle of Shrewsbury, 529;
seizes the son of the King of Scotland, 531;
in Wales, 535;
domestic difficulties, 536;
aids Burgundy and Orleanists, 540;
declining years, 542;
death, 543;
family, 544.
(_See_ Hereford, Duke of.)
Henry V. prosecutes Lord Cobham, 546;
designs upon France, 548;
demands from the French king, 550;
Conspiracy to murder, 551;
reply to the French Envoy, 555;
at Agincourt, 558;
campaigning in Normandy, 562;
enters Rouen, 566;
his demands of the French king, 567;
at Sens, 571;
returns to England, 572;
losses at Meaux, 574;
death, 575;
personal appearance, 576.
Henry VI. crowned at Paris, 598;
character, 602;
marriage, 603;
his debts, 608.
Heptarchy, The, 29.
Hereford, Duke of, Conversation with Norfolk, 475;
Treachery of, 476;
banished, 476;
wrath at the king, 478;
return to England, 479.
(_See_ Henry IV.)
Hereford, Earl of, disobeys the king, 348;
slain, 378.
Hereward, "England's Darling," 113.
Herrings, Battle of the, 588.
Hide of land, 34.
Holy Land, Pilgrims to the, 135.
Homildon Hill, Battle of, 525.
Horsa, 27.
Hotspur at the battle of Shrewsbury, 529;
slain, 530.
House-carls, 65.
House of Commons created, 360.
House of Lords, 363.
Hubblelaw, 42.
Hubblestain, 42.
Hubert de Burgh, 274;
defeats the French fleet, 279;
justiciary, 280;
thrown off by Henry III., 287.
Hundred, The, 26, 34.
Hussites, Origin of the, 462.
Interdict, England under an, 259;
removed, 266;
London under an, 273.
Interest in the 14th century, 508.
Ireland, 14;
early inhabitants, 199;
state of, 470;
Richard II. in, 471.
(_See_ Strongbow.)
Irish chiefs, submission of to Richard II., 471.
Isabella marries Edward II., 366;
insults to her, 378;
goes over to France, 379;
intrigues against the king, 380;
lands, 382;
decline of her popularity, 384.
Jack Straw, 454.
Jacquerie, The, 435.
Jaffa captured by Richard I., 230.
James I. of Scotland in France with Henry, 573;
character, 581;
crowned, 582.
Jane de Montfort at Hennebont, 411.
Japers, 94.
Jargeau, Siege of, 593.
Jerusalem, Procession of crusaders round the walls of, 150;
attacked, 150;
first king of, 151.
Jester, 94.
Jews, Extortion from the, 208;
massacre of, 218;
persecution of, 236;
persecuted by Edward I., 323;
banished, 335.
"Jews' parliament," The, 289.
Joan of Arc before King Charles, 590;
her successes, 592;
her trial, 595;
her surrender, 595.
John, King of France, 427;
challenges Edward, 428;
refuses terms of peace with, at Poitiers, 430;
surrenders, 431;
released, 437.
John's possessions, 221;
schemes, 239;
offers to replace Longchamp, 242;
receives notice of Richard's release, 246;
assumes the crown, 252;
seizes Isabella of Angoulême, 254;
murder of Prince Arthur, 257;
losses in France, 258;
quarrel with the Pope, 259;
in Ireland and Wales, 260;
submits to the Pope, 262;
restores the bishops, 263;
struggle with the barons, 265;
supported by the Pope against the barons, 267;
assent to Magna Charta, 268;
his cruelty, 272;
his death, 275.
Jus Latii, 18.
Justiciar, 167.
Jutes, 25.
Kent, Earl of, entrapped by Mortimer, 392;
condemned to death, 393.
Kent, Earl of, favoured by Richard II., 472.
Kent, Insurrection of the men of, 454.
Kent, Kingdom of, 27.
Kiblene, Battle of, 400.
Kilkenny, The statute of, 471.
King's Bench Court, 362.
"King's Quhair," 581.
Knight, Character of the, 132.
Knights of St. John, 151.
Knights Templars, Order of the, 151;
abolished, 386.
Knights of St. John receive the property of the Knights Templars, 387.
Laet, 26.
Lancaster, Duke of, John of Ghent, 443;
marries, 443;
growing power in England, 444;
espouses the cause of Wycliffe, 446;
retires to Kenilworth, 449;
the Commons, jealousy of, 450;
his house burnt, 457;
and the Lollards, 462;
suspected of treason, 463;
campaigns in Spain, 464;
death, 478.
Lancaster, Henry of (Hereford), claims the crown, 483;
becomes king, 484.
Land-owning under the Saxons, 34.
Lanfranc succeeds Stigand, 112;
supports William II., 123;
death, 126.
Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury, 264;
ordered by the Pope not to oppose John, 267.
Languedoc, The people of, 186.
Laws, Earliest English code of, in existence, 31.
Laws of the Saxon kings, 35.
Law schools of the fourteenth century, 491.
Lays, Victory of, 331.
Leofric of Mercia, 71.
Lewes, battle of, 307.
Ligulf, 116.
Lincoln, Siege of, 173.
Lindisfarne, The See of, 30.
Liofa, 51.
Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, a vassal to the English crown, 303;
defeated by Edward I., 326;
renews the conflict, 326;
slain, 327.
Lochleven Castle, Siege of, 399.
Logic, Fourteenth century, 489.
Lollards, 462, 471;
persecuted by Henry V., 547;
and the Scots, 563.
Londinium, First mention of, 12.
London in the eleventh century, 154;
interdicted, 273;
its wealth, 291;
in the hands of Wat Tyler, 457;
schools of the fourteenth century, 491.
Longchamp arrests Pudsey, 238;
disputes with John, 239;
summoned to appear before the barons, 240;
deposed, 241;
flight, 242;
searches for Richard, 243.
Louis VII. of France divorces Eleanor, 178;
his fears of Henry II., 184;
protects Becket, 191;
indignation at Becket's murder, 196.
Louis, son of Philip, offered the English throne, 273;
enters London, 274;
defeated, 279.
Louis IX., conciliatory mediation of, 301;
differences between the barons and the king submitted to, 305;
death, 319.
Lyons, Council at, 292.
Macbeth, 66;
murders Duncan, 71.
Mad Parliament, The, 298.
Madoc, the Welsh leader, 339.
Magna Charta, Groundwork of, 153;
granting of, 268;
evils it remedied, 270;
ratified, 295;
alterations, 378.
Malcolm Canmore restored, 71;
invades England, 127;
slain at Alnwick, 128;
family of, 153;
devotion to Margaret, 330.
Malcolm IV., 330.
Maltravers, 384, 393.
Manny, Sir Walter, at Hennebont, 411;
at Calais, 424.
Manuscripts, Early English, 91.
March, Earl of, title to the throne, 515;
capture by Glendower, 523;
the king refuses to ransom him, 527;
freed, 546;
friendship for Henry V., 551;
intercepts the Scots, 524.
Margaret, Queen of Scots, 65.
Mark, The, 26.
Marquis, Title of, 448.
Martyrs in Britain, Early, 16.
Matilda supports Robert, 118.
Matilda's lineage, 153;
crowned, 155;
marriage, 155;
death, 161.
Matilda's (Henry's daughter) betrothal, 160;
appointed heir to the throne, 165;
marriage, 166;
contest with Stephen, 172;
interview with Queen Maud, 173;
driven from London, 174;
flight from Winchester, 175.
McMurrough refuses to submit to Richard II., 479.
Medicine, Fourteenth century, 490.
"Merchant Strangers," 507.
Merchants of the Staple, 507.
Mercia, 29.
"Merciless Parliament," The, 467.
Merlin, Stories of, 253;
prophecies, 326.
Merton, Synod at, 487.
Metaphysics, Fourteenth century, 489.
"Mile Castles," 22.
Minstrels in the Middle Ages, 503.
Mint Wall, Lincoln, 20.
"Miracle-plays," 514.
Monkwearmouth, 85.
Mons, Siege of, 585.
Montfort, Earl of Leicester, revolts, 295;
complaints against his marriage, 296;
calls the nobles together, 298;
enters an alliance with Llewelyn, 303;
defeats the King, 307;
slain, 310;
character of his parliament, 362.
Moot, 34.
Morcar goes to Normandy, 108;
rises against the Conqueror, 110;
flies, 113.
Mortimer, Roger, conspires against the King, 379;
intimacy with Isabella, 380;
his power, 388;
makes peace with Bruce, 390;
quarrel with Lancaster, 391;
condemned, 394.
Mortimer, Sir Edmund, defeated by Glendower, 523.
Mortimer, Sir Thomas, outlawed, 474.
Mortmain, 360.
Mowbray, Earl, arrested, 534.
Music, Early English, 93.
Music in the 14th century, 502.
Navy in the 14th century, 508.
Nesbit Moor, 524.
Neville's Cross, Battle of, 422.
New Forest, The, 118;
calamities in, 131.
Newcastle, Founding of, 117.
"Noble," The, 507.
Nominalists, 489.
Norfolk, Duke of, banished, 476;
death, 477.
Norham, Conference at, 333.
Norman Invasion, The, 79;
its effects, 104.
Norman opposition to Henry's marriage with Matilda, 155.
Norman architecture, 212;
the three periods, 214.
Normandy, William II.'s successes in, 127;
restored to the French, 258;
ceded to France, 302;
(Lower), in Henry V.'s possession, 563.
Normans and English, at Court, Jealousy between, 69;
early history, 75.
Northallerton, Battle of, 171.
Northampton, Council of, 190.
Northampton, Parliament at, 390.
Northumberland, Earl of, suspected, 130.
Northumberland, Earl of, his offer to Richard II., 482;
deserts Lancaster, 483;
offended at Henry IV., 526;
and the battle of Shrewsbury, 530;
estates confiscated, 534;
killed, 536.
Northumbria, 27;
becomes Christian, 30.
Ockham, William of, 494.
Ockhamists, 489.
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, 108;
aims at the Papacy, 119;
against William II., 123;
leaves England, 126;
joins the Crusaders, 141.
Offa, 39;
his dyke, 30.
Oldcastle, Sir John (_see_ Cobham, Lord).
Ordeal, 34.
Orleans, Siege of, 587;
liberated, 602.
Oswulf, ruler of Northumbria, 51.
Otho, Constitutions of, 486.
Otterburn, Battle of, 468.
Owen Glendower's revolt, 522;
declares himself Prince of Wales, 523;
receives Mortimer's daughter, 527;
applies to France for aid, 534;
his end, 538.
Oxford Colleges, Founding of, 490.
Oxford, Provisions of, 299;
annulled by Louis IX., 306.
Painting in the 14th century, 502.
Palmer, origin of the term, 135.
Paris, Anarchy in, 549;
triumphal entry of Henry V. into, 571.
Parliament refuses supplies, 293;
first, representing cities and boroughs, 308;
annual assembling decreed, 386;
grants Edward III. funds, 406;
The "Good," 446;
growing power of, under Edward III., 447;
subserviency to Richard II., 475;
at Gloucester, 451;
dispute with Gloucester, 577;
of bats, 587.
Pedro of Castile, 439.
Pen Selwood, Battle of, 63.
Penda, 30;
defeats Cenwealh, 31.
Pepin, 92.
Percies, The, and the Scots, 524;
revolt against the king, 526;
in Scotland, 527;
save the king, 529.
(_See_ Northumberland and Hotspur.)
Perpendicular style of architecture, 502.
Perth burnt, 347;
blockaded, 398.
Peter the Hermit, 135.
Pevensey Castle captured by William II., 123;
Duke of York in, 531.
Philippa of Flanders sent to Paris as a hostage, 349.
Philippa, Queen, defeats the Scots, 422;
joins Edward at Calais, 423;
pleads for the citizens, 424.
Philip II. of France and Henry II.'s sons, 207;
banishes the Jews, 218;
compact with Richard I., 221.
Philip Augustus of France sails for Acre, 225;
prepares to invade Normandy, 242;
at war with Richard, 246, 247;
defeated at Gisors, 249;
opposes John, 252;
prepares to invade England, 261;
loses his fleet, 263;
confederacy against, 266.
Philip VI. of France summons Edward III. to do homage for Guienne, 403;
collects a fleet, 406;
challenged by Edward to single combat, 407;
at Creçy, 419;
seeks aid from Scotland, 422;
at the relief of Calais, 423;
death, 427.
Picts, 16, 27.
Piers Gaveston, Edward II.'s favourite, 364;
marries the king's niece, 366;
banished, 367;
appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 367;
sentenced to death, 370.
"Piers Plowman," 496.
Pinhoe, Battle of, 58.
Poitiers, Battle of, 430.
Pole, Sir Michael de la, excites the king, 463;
in prison, 466;
(Earl of Suffolk) "appealed" of treason, 467.
Pole, William de la, and Margaret of Anjou, 603.
(_See_ Suffolk.)
Poll-tax, 454.
Pontefract Castle, 484.
Pope publishes a crusade against Manfred of Sicily, 293;
excommunicates Leicester, 307;
claims Scotland as a fief, 352;
abolishes the Knights Templars, 387;
receiving Grosseteste's reply, 487.
Popes, The rival, 461.
Præmunire, Statute of, 488.
Privy Council, 362.
Punishments among the Saxons, 35.
Purveyance, 167.
Radcot Bridge, Engagement at, 467.
Reading, Battles at, 39.
Realists, 489.
Red Cross Knights, 151, 386.
"Red-shanks," 389.
Rees-ap-Meredith joins Edward I., 326.
Reeve, 34.
Reformation, Dawn of the, 488.
Rhuddlan, Charter granted to, 328.
Richard the Good attacked by Ethelred, 58;
death, 76.
Richard, Prince, Earl of Cornwall, 282;
offered the crown of Sicily, 292;
chosen King of the Romans, 294;
submits to the barons, 300;
captured by Leicester, 307;
death, 312.
Richard I. declares himself vassal to the King of France, 208;
crowned, 218;
claims upon Tancred of Sicily, 223;
attacks Cyprus, 226;
falls back upon Ascalon, 230;
negotiations with Saladin, 231;
truce with Saladin, 234;
returns home, 235;
before the diet of the Empire, 243;
war with France, 246;
defeats Philip at Gisors, 249;
story of his death, 250;
his character, 251.
Richard II., Accession of, 449;
meets Wat Tyler, 459;
marries Anne of Bohemia, 460;
marches on Scotland, 463;
favourites, 464;
grief at loss of his queen, 470;
goes over to Ireland, 471;
marries again, 472;
his arbitrary conduct, 475;
seizes Lancaster's estates, 478;
sails for Ireland, 479;
hasty return, 480;
resignation of the crown, 483;
his fate, 484;
his body shown in public, 520.
Richborough Castle, 19.
Ridings, 46.
Robert of Gloucester opposes Stephen, 170;
taken prisoner, 175;
dies, 176.
Robert the Devil, 76.
Robert's quarrel with his father the Conqueror, 117;
gallantry, 127;
pledges the Duchy of Normandy, 132;
leads an army to the Holy Land, 141;
marries, 152;
returns to England, 159;
taken prisoner, 159;
his death, 160.
Rochester Castle, Siege of, 125.
Rochester, Siege of, 271.
Roger, Earl of March, Richard II.'s heir, 464.
Rokeby, Thomas of, 389.
Rokeby, Sir Thomas, defeats Northumberland and Bardolf, 536.
Roman invasion of Britain, Results of the, 18;
roads, 23;
camps, 24;
provinces in Britain, 18;
taxes in Britain, 18;
remains, 19;
wall, the, 21.
Rouen, Surrender of, 466.
Runnymede, Magna Charta granted at, 268.
Rutland, Earl of, reveals the conspiracy against Henry IV., 518.
Sac and Soc, 34.
Sailors, British, in the 14th century, 508.
St. Albans, Council at, 264;
Parliament at, 532.
St. Brice's day massacre, 58.
St. John, Order of, 151.
St. Patrick, 199.
Saladin attacks Richard, 228;
his character, 231;
captures Jaffa, 234;
and the Bishop of Salisbury, 235.
"Saviour of the Poor," 247.
Savoy, Count of, supports Edward I., 338.
Sawtrey, William, burnt, 544.
Saxon crypt, Hexham, 22.
Saxon kingdoms, 27.
Saxons, 25.
Scalds, 93.
Scarborough Castle besieged, 370.
Scotland, Submission of, to Canute, 66;
independence sacrificed, 206;
Queen Margaret's influence upon, 330;
rises against Edward I., 340;
overcome, 343;
guardians appointed, 347;
peace with, 379;
Church of, 14th century, 488;
coins in, 508;
Richard II. in, 522.
Scottish throne, Rival claimants to the, 333;
dress in the 14th century, 514.
Scrope, Archbishop, advises Henry IV.'s deposition, 527;
his punishment, 532;
executed, 534.
Scutage levied, 186;
origin of the term, 189.
Senlac, 82.
Sexburh, 31.
Sheriff, 34.
Sherstone, Battle of, 63.
Shire-Moot, its business, 34.
Shrewsbury taken by Henry I., 159;
battle of, 529.
Sicily, Subjugation of, determined on, 272;
dispute concerning, 330.
Sigismund, King of the Romans, visits Henry V., 559.
Silures, Reduction of the, 14.
Skipton-on-the-Moor, Insurgents at, 532.
Slaughter Hill, 524.
Sluys, Edward I.'s arrival at, 350;
battle of, 407.
Smockfrock, The, 99.
Soissons, Butchery of, 550.
Somme, Edward III. crossing the, 415;
Henry V. at the, 553.
Spaniards, Battle at sea with the, 427.
Spenser's English, 496.
Sports, Early English, 97.
Stamford Bridge, Battle of, 79.
Standard, Battle of the, 171.
Stanley, Sir John, granted the Isle of Man, 535.
Staples, 506.
Stations on Roman wall, 22.
Stephen of Blois and the Crusaders, 141;
crowned, 169;
cited before an ecclesiastical synod, 172;
taken prisoner, 173;
liberated, 175;
defeated at Wilton, 176;
declared usurper, 177;
alliance against Henry Plantagenet, 179;
dies, 180.
"Sterling," 597.
Stigand, governor to William I., 107;
ruined, 111.
Stirling burnt, 347;
the castle attacked by Edward I., 354.
Stonehenge, 4.
Strathclyde, Kingdom of, 29.
Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, 201;
King of Leinster, 202.
Suffolk, Duke of, impeached, 607;
defence and fate, 608.
Suffolk, Earl of, at the siege of Orleans, 588;
abandons it, 592;
taken prisoner, 593.
Surgery, Fourteenth century, 490.
Surrey, Earl of, defeated by Wallace, 346.
Sussex, Kingdom of, 27.
Sweyn invades England, 58;
becomes king, 60.
Swynford, Catherine, 468.
Taillefer, 93.
Talbot's achievements in France, 602;
valour of, at Rouen, 606;
slain, 607.
Tancred, 145;
brings back Peter the Hermit, 149.
Tancred, king of Sicily, 222.
Templars banished from France, 187.
Temple of Jerusalem, Order of, 151.
Tew, 26.
Thegns, 36.
Theologians of the fourteenth century, 491.
Thor, 26.
Tostig's attempt to get the crown, 79.
Tournay, Edward III. before, 407.
Tower of London, 108, 214.
Towers, Norman, 214;
Gothic, 316.
Treason, High, defined, 447.
Troubadours, 94.
Trouveres, 94.
Troyes, Treaty of, 579.
Truce of God, The, 138.
Tudor line, Origin of the, 601.
Tudor, Owen, marriage with Queen Catherine, 600;
beheaded, 601.
Tynemouth Castle taken, 130.
Tyrrel shoots the king, 131.
Uffa, 27.
Ulfcytel, 59.
Universities, Disorders at the, 491.
Urban II. preaching the First Crusade, 163.
Vere, Robert de, created Duke of Ireland, 464;
"appealed" of treason, 467;
death, 470.
Verneuil, Battle of, 582.
Ville du Bois, 423.
Vortigern, 27.
Wales loses its independence, 327;
first prince of, 329;
rebellion in, 339;
revolt in, 522.
(_See_ Welsh.)
Walhalla, 26.
Wallace, Sir William, story of, 343;
his popularity, 345;
entitled guardian of the kingdom, 346;
defeated by Edward, 347;
a reward offered for his head, 354;
beheaded and quartered, 354.
Wallingford Castle, Owen Tudor in, 601.
Wallingford, Treaty of, 179.
Walter, Hubert, chief justiciary, 246;
supports John, 252;
death, 259.
Walter the Penniless, Expedition of, 138.
Waltham Abbey, 72.
Waltham Cross, Architecture of, 498.
Waltheof, 114.
Walworth, William, 449;
advises the king to slay Tyler's followers, 458;
slays Wat, 459.
Wapentakes, 46.
Wark Castle, siege of, 171.
Warkworth Castle taken by Bruce, 376.
Warrenne, Earl, defeats the Scots at Dunbar, 342;
governor of Scotland, 343.
Warwick, Earl of, imprisoned, 472;
banished, 474.
Warwick, Earl of, guardian of Henry VI., 576;
death of, 601.
Wat Tyler, 454;
leads his followers to London, 456;
seizes the Tower, 458;
slain, 459.
Watling Street, 23.
Waverley, Monastic Registers of, 495.
Wedmore, Treaty of, 43.
Welsh, 27;
disaffected, 129;
submit to Henry II., 183;
defeat the royal forces, 191;
Edward I.'s expedition against, 326;
rise in favour of Richard II., 480.
(_See_ Wales.)
Wendover, Works of, 494.
Wergild, 26.
Wessex, kingdom of, 27.
Westminster Abbey, Church of, 212.
Westminster, First statute of, 360.
Westminster Hall founded, 130.
Westmoreland's, Earl of, cunning, 533.
Wight, Isle of, 450, 531.
Wilfrith, Bishop of Selsey, 31.
William, Archbishop of Tyre, 208.
William, Archdeacon of Durham, 490.
William, Fitz-Osborn, 108.
William of Normandy visits England, 70;
his power, 75;
parentage, 76;
advances upon London, 107;
coronation, 108;
reforms in the Church, 111;
cruelty to malcontents, 113;
love of sport, 118;
death, 119;
his character, 121.
William (Rufus) II. ascends the throne, 123;
his exactions, 130;
his death, 131.
William's (Robert's son) adherents, 162;
his increased power and death, 166.
William the Lion taken prisoner, 205.
Wiltshire, Earl of, executed, 479.
Wimborne, Battle of, 46.
Winchelsey's synod at Merton, 487.
Winchester, Synod at, 172;
Parliament of, 310;
statute of, 360.
Witena-gemot, 35;
in its latter days, 361.
Woden, 26.
Wodensbury, Battle of, 31.
"Wonderful Parliament," The, 467.
Worcester burnt, 67.
Wycliffe, John, effect of his teaching, 452;
work and death, 462.
Wykeham, William of, dismissed from court, 446;
and New College, 491.
Wyntoun, Andrew, historian, 495.
York, Duke of, appointed regent, 478;
joins Lancaster, 479.
York, Duke of, advances on Paris, 600;
recalled, 601;
his right to the crown, 604.
York, Massacre of Jews at, 237;
deprived of its franchises, 534.
Yorkshire, Inroads of the Scots into, 376.
PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1: In the National Library at Paris.]
[Footnote 2: Gregory of Tours.]
[Footnote 3: The historical works of William of Malmesbury consist of
seven books containing a record of the acts of the English kings, from
the arrival of the English to the time of the author's death, in the year
1143.]
[Footnote 4: The Rev. J. C. Bruce, "The Bayeux Tapestry Elucidated."]
[Footnote 5: A "man of nothing," in Anglo-Saxon "nithing," a term of
abuse and contempt.]
[Footnote 6: Ordericus Vitalis.]
[Footnote 7: Holinshed.]
[Footnote 8: William of Malmesbury.]
[Footnote 9: Holinshed.]
[Footnote 10: Matthew Paris.]
[Footnote 11: Westminster Hall was founded by William Rufus in 1097.]
[Footnote 12: "Morte d'Arthur" was a French romance, translated by Sir
Thomas Mallory, Knight, and printed by Caxton in 1481.]
[Footnote 13: Old chroniclers speak of pilgrims returning from the Holy
Land with their staves wreathed with palm, and from this custom arose the
word "palmer," which signified a holy traveller from Jerusalem.]
[Footnote 14: The word Paynim, or Pagan, was commonly used in the Middle
Ages to include all Mahometans.]
[Footnote 15: William of Malmesbury.]
[Footnote 16: Manuel I., Comnenus.]
[Footnote 17: The traveller here seems to be describing some confused
recollection of the column of Arcadius.]
[Footnote 18: Having a regard to the value of money at that period, there
can be no doubt that this account is exaggerated.]
[Footnote 19: Speaking of the Peloponnesus, a province, or _theme_, of
the Byzantine monarchy, Gibbon says that the embroidery there produced
was raised either in silk or gold; and the more simple ornament of
stripes or circles was surpassed by the nicer imitation of flowers. The
vestments that were fashioned for the palace or the altar often glittered
with precious stones, and the figures were delineated in strings of
Oriental pearls. Until the twelfth century, Greece alone, of all the
countries of Christendom, possessed the silkworm.--_Decline and Fall_,
chap. liii.]
[Footnote 20: Now called _At-Meidan_, or horse market.]
[Footnote 21: It is possible that Benjamin was a witness of the festivals
celebrated at Constantinople on the marriage of the Emperor Manuel with
Mary, daughter of the Prince of Antioch, on Christmas Day, 1161.]
[Footnote 22: The ceremony of the "adoption of honour," as it was styled,
was a curious custom of the time.]
[Footnote 23: The nature of the chemical preparation known as "Greek
fire" has not been ascertained with certainty, but it is probable that
naphtha was one of the principal ingredients.]
[Footnote 24: Eadmer.]
[Footnote 25: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.]
[Footnote 26: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 27: Sir James Mackintosh.]
[Footnote 28: _The White Ship._]
[Footnote 29: Torture-chamber.]
[Footnote 30: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.]
[Footnote 31: The scutage, or escutcheon-tax, was so called because it
was due from all persons who possessed a knight's fee, or an estate which
would maintain a man-at-arms, provided he failed to present himself at
the stated time with his écu, escutcheon, or shield (Latin, _scutum_)
upon his arm.]
[Footnote 32: On being told that he must die, Becket replied, "I resign
myself to death; but I forbid you, in the name of the Almighty God, to
injure any of those round me, whether monk or layman, great or small."]
[Footnote 33: Gerald de Barry, commonly known as Giraldus Cambrensis (or
Gerald the Welshman), was the grandson of a Norman and a Welshwoman, and
was born in Wales. He was present in Ireland during the time of many of
the events about to be related.]
[Footnote 34: His words are: "King Edward the Confessor commanded the
church at Westminster to be dedicated on Innocents' Day. He was buried on
the day of the Epiphany, in the said church, which he first in England
had erected after that kind of style, which almost all attempt to rival,
at enormous expense."]
[Footnote 35: See Hudson Turner's "Domestic Architecture."]
[Footnote 36: It was a common belief among the people of this
superstitious age that the Jews were guilty of the practice of sorcery.]
[Footnote 37: The accounts of different writers vary considerably, but
one of the lowest estimates states that nearly 200,000 men, among whom
were six archbishops, and many bishops and nobles of high rank, perished
before the walls of Acre.]
[Footnote 38: Roger of Hoveden states that 5,000 infidels were thus
destroyed. Other accounts give even a larger number.]
[Footnote 39: "El Gootz," or "The Blessed City," is the Arab name of
Jerusalem to this day.]
[Footnote 40: The Arabic word "Sheikh," translated by the Crusaders "Old
Man," means also the chief of a tribe.]
[Footnote 41: "Of a very agreeable appearance."]
[Footnote 42:
"As the rose is the flower of flowers,
So is this the house of houses."]
* * * * *
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber's note: |
| |
| Contents Chapter I: 'Cassivelannus' changed to 'Cassivelaunus'. |
| Contents Chapter X & P.75: 'Hadrada' changed to 'Hardrada'. |
| P. 91. 'prachment' changed to 'parchment'. |
| Pp. 186 & 194. 'King of Arragon' changed to 'King of Aragon'. |
| P. 253. 'occurrin' changed to 'occurring'. |
| P. 316. 'crocketted' changed to 'crocketed'. |
| P. 399. 'ob-obtained' changed to 'obtained'. |
| P. 408. 'adpealed' changed to 'appealed'. |
| P. 415. 'righful' changed to 'rightful'. |
| P. 463. 'intertercept' changed to 'intercept'. |
| P. 466. 'Where-ever' changed to 'Wherever'. |
| P. 477. 'bod' changed to 'body' and 'thos' to those'. |
| P. 486. 'Lambeton' changed to 'Lamberton' as in the Bishop of |
| St. Andrews. |
| P. 494. 'pubblished' changed to 'published'. |
| P. 579. 'o' changed to 'of'. |
| Index. 'Paulinius, 11;' changed to 'Paulinus, 11;'. |
| Index: taken out extra 'Northumberland, Earl of'. |
| Index: Richard I: "defeats Philip at Guise" changed 'Guise' to |
| 'Gisors'. |
| Various errors of punctuation were corrected. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+