==============+===============================+=================
| | PARTS PER
| GRAMS PER LITRE. | MILLION.
WHERE FROM +----------+--------+-----------+--------+--------
| _Total_ |_Organ._|_Chlorine._| _Free_ | _Alb._
|_Solids._ |_Volat._| | _Amm._ | _Amm._
--------------+----------+--------+----------+--------+--------
Susqueh. st. | 1.53 | .62 | .117 | .12 | .33
Susqueh. st. | .88 | .33 | .088 | .07 | .16
East Waln. st.| 1.32 | .72 | .127 | .04 | .18
N.Tenn. st. | .94 | .41 | .077 | .05 | .0612
N.Alabam. st. | 1.126 | .616 | .096 | .055 | .057
N.Ills. st. | .60 | .18 | .043 | .01 | .24
N.Merid. st. | .24 | .012 | .008 | trace | trace
N.Alabama | .68 | .30 | .045 | .01 | .14
Hoyt Av. | .30 | .16 | .0018 | .12 | .04
N.Penn. st. | 1.41 | .03 | .075 | .24 | .4
Blackford st. | .78 | .28 | .038 | .04 | .4
N.N.Jersey st.| .798 | .178 | .104 | .05 | .39
E.Ohio st. | 1.032 | .50 | .09 | .04 | .19
==============+==========+========+===========+========+========
| | |
|_Nitrates_|_Degree_|
WHERE FROM | _and_ | _of_ | OPINION.
|_Nitrites_|_Hardn._|
--------------+----------+--------+-------------
Susqueh. st. | much | 3 | Bad.
Susqueh. st. | much | 2½ | Bad.
East Waln. st.| much | 1½ | Bad.
N.Tenn. st. | much | 2 | Suspicious.
N.Alabam. st | much | 3³/₁₀ | Bad.
N.Ills. st. | much | 2½ | Very bad.
N.Merid. st. | trace | 1½ | Excellent.
N.Alabama | little | 2 | Suspicious.
Hoyt Av. | little | 1 | Good.
N.Penn. st. | much | ½ | Rotten cist.
Blackford st. | much | 1½ | Very bad.
N.N.Jersey st.| much | 2 | Bad.
E.Ohio st. | much | 4 | Bad.
==============+==========+========+==============
================+===============================+==============
| - GRAMS PER LITRE. | PARTS pr MILL
NAME +----------+--------+-----------+------+-------
| _Total_ |_Organ._|_Chlorine._|_Free_| _Alb._
|_Solids._ |& _Vol._| |_Amm._| _Amm._
----------------+----------+--------+-----------+------+-------
E. Verm’t st. | .908 | .36 | .058 | .12 | .13
Davidson st. | .848 | .34 | .08 | .20 | .08
E. St. Joseph. | .738 | .21 | .035 | .06 | .22
E. Mich. st. | 1.588 | .96 | .09 | .12 | .202
N. Tenn. st. | .968 | .48 | .07 | .06 | .28
N. Penn. st. | .928 | .4 | .065 | .025 | .20
New York st. | .5 | .13 | .04 | none | none
N. East st. | 1.788 | .874 | .09 | .08 | .22
Irvington. | .697 | .29 | .04 | none | .03
N. Merid st. | 1.06 | .57 | .10 | .08 | .164
N. Delaw. st. | .86 | .36 | .95 | .07 | .10
N. Tenn. st. | .44 | .14 | .007 | .01 | .00
Blind Asyl’m. | .65 | .214 | .025 | .01 | .042
N. East st. | 1.00 | .62 | .34 | .114 | .142
332 N. Miss. st.| .68 | .321 | .043 | .03 | .234
================+==========+========+===========+======+=======
|_Nitrates_|_Degree_|
NAME | _and_ | _of_ | OPINION.
|_Nitrites_|_Hardn._|
----------------+----------+--------+------------
E. Verm’t st. | small | 6 | Very susp.
Davidson st. | large | 6½ | Very susp.
E. St. Joseph. | large | 4.2 | Bad.
E. Mich. st. | large | 5½ | Bad.
N. Tenn. st. | large | 3½ | Bad.
N. Penn. st. | large | 5 | Bad.
New York st. | none | 3½ | Excellent.
N. East st. | large | 4 | Bad.
Irvington. | small | 3½ | Good.
N. Merid st. | large | 3½ | Bad.
N. Delaw. st. | large | 5 | Bad.
N. Tenn. st. | none | 2 | Driven good.
Blind Asyl’m. |{ heavy | 2½ | Driven good.
|{ slight | |
N. East st. | large | 4 | Very bad.
332 N. Miss. st.| large | 4½ | Very bad.
================+==========+========+============
================+===============================+===============
| GRAMS PER LITRE. | PARTS pr MILL
NAME +----------+--------+-----------+------+--------
| _Total_ |_Organ._|_Chlorine._|_Free_| _Alb._
|_Solids._ |& _Vol._| |_Amm._| _Amm._
----------------+----------+--------+-----------+------+--------
Blackford st. | 0.78 | 0.39 | 0.38 | .04 | .4
Peru st. | 0.54 | 0.36 | 0.025 | .03 | .13
N. Penn. st. | 0.65 | 0.38 | 0.03 | .08 | .10
N. Alab. st. | 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.059 | .06 | .06
N. Delaw. st. | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.31 | .029 | .182
School st. | 0.994 | 0.414 | 0.10 | .04 | .16
East Ohio st. | 1.04 | 0.63 | 0.47 | .12 | .22
Mass. av. | 0.89 | 0.39 | 0.213 | .07 | .13
E. Ohio | 0.892 | 0.374 | 0.121 | .04 | .10
N.N. Jersey | 0.78 | 0.29 | 0.08 | .03 | .13
E. Pratt | 0.69 | 0.28 | 0.074 | .02 | .09
E. Maryland | 0.99 | 0.47 | 0.111 | .07 | .199
Bellfontain | 0.49 | 0.19 | 0.004 | .03 | .022
Christian av. | 0.67 | 0.23 | 0.012 | .035 | .06
East Verm’t | 0.59 | 0.19 | 0.12 | .03 | .09
================+==========+========+===========+======+========
|_Nitrates_|_Degree_|
NAME | _and_ | _of_ | OPINION.
|_Nitrites_|_Hardn._|
----------------+----------+--------+------------
Blackford st. | large | 6½ | Bad.
Peru st. | small | 12 | Suspicious.
N. Penn. st. | small | 3 | Suspicious.
N. Alab. st. | small | 7 | Good.
N. Delaw. st. | large | 4 | Bad.
School st. | large | 5½ | Very bad.
East Ohio st. | large | 7 | Abominable.
Mass. av. | large | 4½ | Bad.
E. Ohio | large | 3½ | Bad.
N.N. Jersey | large | 3½ | Bad.
E. Pratt | large | 4 | Bad.
E. Maryland | large | 7 | Very bad.
Bellfontain | small | 4 | Good.
Christian av. | large | 4 | Passably good.
East Verm’t | large | 3½ | Suspicious.
================+==========+========+============
================+===============================+===============
| GRAMS PER LITRE. | PARTS pr MILL
NAME +----------+-------+------------+------+--------
| _Total_ |_Organ._|_Chlorine._|_Free_ | _Alb._
| _Solids._|& _Vol._| | _Amm._| _Amm._
----------------+----------+--------+-----------+-------+-------
N. Alab. st. | .832 | .56 | .059 | .70 | .12
N. Alab. st. | .79 | .39 | .055 | .64 | .10
N. N. Jersey | .82 | .39 | .09 | .06 | .09
N. N. Jersey | .91 | .40 | .055 | .08 | .12
Alab. & Waln. | .87 | .39 | .067 | .11 | .10
N. Penn. st. | 1.04 | .62 | .111 | .16 | .204
Oak st. | .57 | .24 | .014 | .02 | .009
E. Verm’t st. | .66 | .29 | .04 | .05 | .07
S. Merid. st. | .89 | .385 | .07 | .07 | .09
S. Penn. st. | 1.24 | .81 | .22 | .19 | .22
S. Penn. st. | .87 | .33 | .072 | .095 | .088
Vir. Av. | 1.12 | .50 | .79 | .11 | .29
E. Wash. st. | .79 | .33 | .09 | .107 | .18
N. West st. | .83 | .42 | .07 | .067 | .093
E. South st. | .74 | .22 | .03 | .03 | .06
================+==========+========+===========+=======+=======
|_Nitrates_|_Degree_|
NAME | _and_ | _of_ | OPINION.
|_Nitrites_|_Hardn._|
----------------+----------+--------+------------
N. Alab. st. | large | 4½ | Very susp.
N. Alab. st. | large | 5 | Very susp.
N. N. Jersey | med. | 5 | Suspicious.
N. N. Jersey | large | 5 | Bad.
Alab. & Waln. | large | 4½ | Bad.
N. Penn. st. | large | 7 | Very bad.
Oak st. | small | 4 | Good.
E. Verm’t st. | small | 4½ | Good.
S. Merid. st. | large | 6 | Very susp.
S. Penn. st. | large | 7 | Abominable.
S. Penn. st. | large | 5 | Bad.
Vir. Av. | large | 4½ | Very bad.
E. Wash. st. | large | 4½ | Bad.
N. West st. | large | 6½ | Bad.
E. South st. | med. | 5 | Passable.
================+==========+========+===========
================+===============================+==============
| GRAMS PER LITRE. | PARTS pr MILL
NAME +----------+--------+-----------+-------+------
| _Total_ |_Organ._|_Chlorine._|_Free_ |_Alb._
| _Solids._|& _Vol._| | _Amm._|_Amm._
----------------+----------+--------+-----------+-------+------
S. East st. | .82 | .39 | .05 | .037 | .114
E. Market st. | .97 | .32 | .12 | .049 | .23
E. Mich. st. | 1.12 | .57 | .07 | .072 | .17
Central av. | .607 | .22 | .044 | .041 | .09
Laurel st. | .92 | .38 | .089 | .105 | .38
East Georgia | .62 | .49 | .072 | 1.08 | .427
Broadway st. | .63 | .30 | .022 | .03 | .04
East N. Y. st. | .59 | .21 | .094 | .07 | .07
N. N. Jersey | .66 | .24 | .07 | .08 | .069
N. N. Jersey | .68 | .22 | .075 | .09 | .066
N. Illinois st. | .80 | .31 | .03 | .039 | .113
Hoyt av. | .30 | .06 | 0.1 | .04 | .06
W. St Clair st. | .83 | .32 | 0.7 | .045 | .112
N. Tenn. st. | .69 | .27 | 0.55 | .07 | .09
N. Tenn. st. | .66 | .19 | .065 | .09 | .11
W. North st. | .74 | .30 | .04 | .09 | .12
E. North st. | .69 | .28 | .03 | .08 | .08
N. Delaw. st. | .75 | .29 | .075 | .07 | .11
================+==========+========+===========+=======+======
|_Nitrates_|_Degree_|
NAME | _and_ | _of_ | OPINION.
|_Nitrites_|_Hardn._|
----------------+----------+--------+------------
S. East st. | large | 5 | Bad.
E. Market st. | v. large | 4½ | Very bad.
E. Mich. st. | large | 4½ | Very bad.
Central av. | med. | 6½ | Suspicious.
Laurel st. | v. large | 6½ | Very bad.
East Georgia | large | 1½ | Very bad.
Broadway st. | small | 7 | Good.
East N. Y. st. | large | 6½ | Bad.
N. N. Jersey | large | 7 | Bad.
N. N. Jersey | large | 6½ | Bad.
N. Illinois st. | large | 6½ | Suspicious.
Hoyt av. | small | 4 | Good.
W. St Clair st. | large | 7 | Very susp.
N. Tenn. st. | med. | 6½ | Very susp.
N. Tenn. st. | large | 6½ | Very susp.
W. North st. | large | 6½ | Bad.
E. North st. | large | 6½ | Suspicious.
N. Delaw. st. | large | 7 | Bad.
================+==========+========+============
J. N. HURTY, Analyst.
It is very surprising to me that many people are so ignorant in regard
to impure water and its deleterious effect on health. I have met with
“would be” highly educated persons who have regarded, and do regard any
agitation of this subject, as of little value to the public, and as
very damaging to the fair fame of the city, and for that reason to be
at all hazards covered up and kept secret.
They also express the thought that every kind of water is filled with
microscopic creatures, and that a small amount of filth or dirt in
drinking water does no special harm to anyone. All this is the opposite
of the facts. Prof. Barnard, of Cornell University, says: “Pure water
is not inhabited by organisms; on the contrary stagnant water or impure
water alone affords them subsistence. They hasten the destruction of
dead animal and vegetable matters the waters may contain, causing for
the time being an infusion or fermentation.”
Macdonald states that “mineral particles may affect health on account
of their mechanical action, as for example when mineral silt or clay
causes diarrhœa. Dead animal and vegetable substances may have more
important effects, as when suspended fecal matter produces irritation
of the whole alimentary tract. On the other hand, living things, such
as the ova of entozoa, the nematoid worms and small leeches may give
rise at once to certain grave disorders, or algæ may act on sulphates
and disengage sulphuretted hydrogen.”
Pure water is one of God’s best gifts to man, and if that is allowed to
be adulterated the impairment of our health and the destruction of our
happiness is sure to follow.
In the samples of dug well waters which have recently been analyzed,
the following animalculæ in addition to those given above were found by
the use of the different powers of the microscope:
[Illustration: Megalotrocha flavicans.]
[Illustration: Glossiphonia bioculata.]
[Illustration: Vibrio.]
[Illustration: Anguillula fluviatilis. Anguillula aceti. Anguillula.]
[Illustration: Vorticellina.]
[Illustration: Bacteria.]
[Illustration: Rotifera vulgaris.]
[Illustration: Cyclops quadricornis.]
[Illustration: Ophrydium versatile.]
[Illustration: Halteria grandinella.]
[Illustration: Alona quadrangularis.]
[Illustration: Stentor coerulleus. Pluroxus trigonellus.]
[Illustration: Cypris tristriata.]
[Illustration: Candona reptans.]
[Illustration: Cythere inopinator.]
At Indianapolis we have on the Board of Health three earnest and
capable physicians who thoroughly understand the present necessities
and stand ready to enforce all laws pertaining to public health; but
our laws on hygiene are very inefficient, and the power and usefulness
of the board are unwisely limited; therefore the board can do little
towards averting the calamity already upon us. The Board of Health need
more money, more men and the largest liberty of action.
We shall never have a healthy city until the health department is
advanced to the position it deserves. We need a vigorous public
sentiment in favor of cleanliness and hygienic measures. The best
thought and energies of physicians and scientists everywhere should be
directed to questions pertaining to water supply, sewerage and garbage
of cities, and if necessary to secure proper legislation, the people
must arise in their might and compel timid and shortsighted rulers to
give better laws on sanitary matters and more money to make the laws
effective.