MRS. DICKENSON'S SPECULATIONS.
We next invite attention to one of the latest versions of the
"Spaulding story." It appeared in _Scribner's Magazine_ for August,
1880, and purports to be written by Mrs. Ellen E. Dickenson, a
grand-niece of Mr. Spaulding. It is conspicuous for its inexactness,
but is valuable as containing the affidavit of Mrs. M. S. McKinstry
already considered.
Referring to the discovery by Mr. Spaulding of bows and other relics in
a mound near his home at Conneaut, Mrs. Dickenson writes:
"This discovery suggested to him the subject for a new romance,
which he called a translation from some _hieroglyphical writing_
exhumed from the mound. This romance purported to be a history
of the peopling of America by the _lost tribes of Israel_, the
tribes and their leaders _having very singular names_, among them
Mormon, Moroni, Lamanite, Nephi. The romance the author called
'Manuscript Found.' This all occurred in 1812, when to write a
book was a distinction, and Mr. Spaulding read his manuscript from
time to time to a circle of _admiring friends_. He determined
finally to publish it and for that purpose carried it to Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, to a printer by the name of Patterson. After keeping
it awhile, Mr. Patterson returned it, declining to print it. _There
was at this time in this printing office a young man named Sidney
Rigdon_, who twenty years later figured as a preacher among the
Saints."
In the above extract we have printed in italics those statements to
which we wish to draw special attention.
Mrs. Dickenson says Mr. Spaulding called his romance "a translation
from some hieroglyphical writing." This is an entirely new version
of the old fiction. According to the original story it was written
in Latin, but now after fifty years the writing is changed to
hieroglyphics to make the theory agree better with the Book of Mormon
which was translated from plates engraved in reformed Egyptian. We are
told by earlier writers, before the matter was so entirely befogged as
it is now by anti-"Mormon" speculations, assumptions and hypothesis,
that the author's idea was to palm off his romance as a reality,
and when he wrote it he expected the masses would believe it when
published. Now it would be quite consistent for a graduate of Dartmouth
College (as was Mr. Spaulding) to translate a Latin Parchment--that
would appear to be an every day matter for a recognized clergyman of
an orthodox sect, but to translate hieroglyphics would be entirely
another thing; for it must not be forgotten that it was not until
nearly thirty years after Mr. Spaulding wrote his "Manuscript Found"
that the first dictionary and first grammar of Egyptian hieroglyphics
were published.[B] Egyptiology being now a science, Mrs. Dickenson
has outraged all consistency by claiming that Mr. Spaulding pretended
to translate from hieroglyphics of which none at that time had any
definite understanding. Mr. Spaulding as an educated man who wished his
work to receive credence would know better than to start off with an
evident, tell-tale impossibility.
[Footnote B: Those of M. Champolleon published between 1836 and 1844.]
Mrs. Dickenson calls the names in the Book of Mormon "very singular."
This is because she has not read the book. A large number of
the names in Mormon's sacred record are also found in the Holy
Bible; as examples: Jacob, Joseph, Aaron, Noah, Jeremiah, Isaiah,
Ishmael, Lemuel, Timothy, Shem, etc. Are these singular? Another
large percentage finish with the Hebrew termination: iah (Jah) an
abbreviation of Jehovah. One scribbler asserts that "the real author
of the Book of Mormon was well acquainted with the classics; the names
of most of his heroes have the Latin termination of i, such as Nephi,
Lehi, Moroni." This ignoramus was evidently not himself acquainted with
the classics or he would have known that the most frequent termination
of the masculine singular in the Latin language is _us_ not i; and of
names ending in _us_ there are but very few in the Book of Mormon,
probably half a dozen. Mrs. Dickenson gives an example of some of
these "singular names:" "Mormon, Moroni, Lamanite and Nephi." Surely
neither Laman or Moroni are singular names. There are, at any rate,
more than one river of this name in South America running through the
region where, according to Book of Mormon history, the Nephite general,
Moroni, carried on his campaigns and held military control. Nephi is an
ancient Egyptian name, and a title of Osiris, one of the gods of that
people; its meaning is "the benevolent one." That it was common among
the Israelites of the age of Nephi (B. C. 600) is shown from the fact
that the word Nephites in the original Hebrew plural form occurs twice
in the Bible, in Ezra ii., 50, and Nehemiah vii., 52. Lehi is also a
Bible proper name.
Regarding the circle of "admiring friends" who heard the "Manuscript
Found" read by its author, is it not a little singular that they so
loudly praised it when the Book of Mormon, which is said to have been
copied from it "word for word," is berated as uninteresting, dull,
dry, stupid and everything else that is not commended or admired in
literary productions? Neither is the style of the Book of Mormon that
of a man educated in modern English; it is incomprehensible that a
student in the literature of this age would express himself in the
phraseology and style of this record. And again it is not written in
the language of either Joseph Smith or Sidney Rigdon. If we compare
the revelations given through Joseph Smith at the time the plates were
being translated, we find an altogether different diction; or let us
compare it with the Lectures on Faith in the Book of Doctrine and
Covenants and then with the acknowledged writings of Sidney Rigdon,
and we shall find there is nothing common in any of these with the
peculiarities of grammatical construction and verbal idiosyncracies of
the Book of Mormon. Judging then by the usual and accepted methods of
criticism on which some rely so strongly, and throwing out the direct
evidence as to its origin, this book could not be the creation of
either Solomon Spaulding, Sidney Rigdon or Joseph Smith. Again, how is
it that when the manuscript of the Book of Mormon was presented to the
printer (see Mr. Gilbert's statement) it was misspelled and without
punctuation. Did neither the graduate of Dartmouth College nor the
minister of a flourishing religious congregation, who, by the way,
according to some accounts, had formerly worked in a printing office,
know anything of punctuation? This is the extreme of folly. But if they
did, what conceivable reason could there be for leaving the punctuation
out of the copy taken to the printer. Mr. Gilbert's statement of the
great care shown by Hyrum Smith to have the book printed exactly
as written, his extreme solicitude regarding the manuscript, his
ignorance of the use of commas, colons, etc., and his one unwavering
and unchanging testimony regarding the discovery and translation of the
plates are all strong corroborative evidence that no educated man had
anything to do with the production of the book; and how inconsistent
with the stories of Joseph Smith's confirmed laziness is the idea that
he would go to the trouble of copying out a manuscript which makes more
than six hundred pages of closely printed matter! The promoters of the
"Spaulding story" are terribly inconsistent in the various parts of
their theory.
The statement that Mr. Spaulding took his romance to Mr. Patterson
may be true or it may not, individually we do not believe it, but the
assertion that Sidney Rigdon worked in that gentleman's printing office
we have elsewhere shown to be utterly false. We will let Mr. Howe,
who purchased Hurlburt's manuscript, give his version of this affair;
simply reminding our readers that his book, "Mormonism Unveiled," was
published in 1834, when the exact facts would be much fresher in the
memory of the participants than in 1880. Speaking of the "Manuscript
Found," he writes:
"It was inferred at once that some light might be shed upon this
subject and the mystery revealed by applying to Patterson and
Lambdin, in Pittsburg. But here again death had interposed a
barrier. That establishment was dissolved and broken up many years
since, and Lambdin died about eight years ago. Mr. Patterson says
he has no recollection of any such manuscript being brought there
for publication, neither would he have been likely to have seen it,
as the business of printing was conducted wholly by Lambdin at that
time. He says, however, that many manuscript books and pamphlets
were brought to the office about that time, which remained upon the
shelves for years without being printed or even examined."
Mark how strangely this statement disagrees with the assertions of
the ladies of the Spaulding family with regard to Mr. Patterson's
friendship and intimate acquaintance with Mr. Spaulding, and the
latter's admiration of the "Manuscript Found."
Now notice the insincerity and actual dishonesty of the next passages,
in view of the fact that Hurlburt had received the "Manuscript Found"
from the Spaulding family, and according to his account had given the
document that he had received to Howe, the publisher of the work from
which we are quoting:
"Now as Spaulding's book can no where be found, or anything heard
of it after being carried to this establishment, there is the
strongest presumption that it remained there in seclusion till
about the year 1823 or 1824, at which time Sidney Rigdon located
himself in that city. We have been credibly informed that he was on
terms of intimacy with Lambdin, being seen frequently at his shop."
Here is a desperate attempt to connect Rigdon with the affair. Lambdin
was dead so he could not contradict any statement about his intimacy
with Rigdon; but the whole hypothesis amounts to nothing in view of the
positive statements of the Spaulding family that the "Manuscript Found"
was in their undisturbed possession, hundreds of miles from Pittsburg,
from 1814 to 1834. One thing, however, it shows that in those days
Sidney Rigdon's life was too well known for Howe to write other than
the truth regarding the time he first visited Pittsburg, for when Mrs.
Dickenson wildly imagines and falsely asserts he was working in the
office of Patterson and Lambdin, all trustworthy authorities, including
his mother, assert that he was laboring upon his father's farm at St.
Clair, Alleghany Co., Pennsylvania, which he did not leave until he
was in his twenty-sixth year, when he went to Ohio and afterwards to
Pittsburg.
Possibly doubting the Spaulding story herself Mrs. Dickenson suggests
another solution, yet still more ridiculous. She writes: "Smith,
however, could easily have possessed himself of the manuscript if he
had fancied it suitable to his purpose, for it is understood that he
was a servant on the farm, or teamster for Mr. Sabine (Mrs. Spaulding's
brother) in whose house the package of manuscript lay exposed in an
unlocked trunk for several years."
Prodigious! Let us examine this wonderful suggestion. According to Mrs.
McKinstry's affidavit the "Manuscript Found" was at Mr. Sabine's from
1816 to 1820. Joseph Smith was born in the latter part of December
1805, consequently he was not fifteen years old when the manuscript
was removed from Mr. Sabine's. A boy of his age would make a rather
youthful teamster or farm-hand. And then how preposterous the thought
that an illiterate boy of eleven, twelve, or thirteen should conceive
the idea of converting that old romance into something very like the
Bible, and of founding a religious society on its principles! Then
again calculate how much spare time a hired man or boy had on a farm in
western New York fifty years ago; from sun up to sun down he was kept
at work, often with chores to do after dark. How long would it take an
ignorant boy under these circumstances, and lazy in the bargain, to
transcribe a book that makes more than 600 pages of printed matter and
contains, at a rough estimate, more than 300,000 words? Oh consistency!
whither art thou fled?
But unfortunately for Mrs. Dickenson's very original theory, the
testimony of all, friends and enemies alike, is positive that during
this time Joseph was living with his father's family at Palmyra and
other places. It is during this period of his life that the foes of
divine revelation falsely charge him with confirmed idleness, vagabond
habits, etc., and on this charge base their arguments that such a youth
would never have been chosen by the Almighty as His servant. But should
there be any doubt on this matter we extract a few lines from the
already quoted affidavit of his sister, Mrs. Katherine Salisbury. When
speaking of the publication of the Book of Mormon, she avers: "At the
time the said book was published, I was seventeen years of age; that
at the time of the publication of said book, my brother, Joseph Smith,
Jr., lived in the family of my father, in the town of Manchester,
Ontario county, New York, and that he had, all his life to this time
made his home with the family." To which we may add during the latter
years of this period occasionally hiring out for short intervals, but
never at the early age and for the lengthened period necessary to give
consistency to Mrs. Dickenson's suppositions. We shall pass by several
other outrageous misstatements of this lady, and simply refer to one
which purports to be from the veteran journalist, Thurlow Weed, simply
to show how utterly unreliable many persons memories become where
"Mormonism" is concerned.
Mr. Weed states that Joseph Smith called on him in 1825, desiring to
get his manuscript printed, and spoke of finding the plates (Joseph did
not obtain the plates until September, 1827, and the translation was
not finished until June or July, 1829). That in a few days he brought
Martin Harris (Harris was not associated with Joseph until after the
plates were found). Seemed about thirty years of age (Joseph was not
twenty until December 23rd of that year). Was about 5 feet 8 inches
high (Joseph was fully 6 feet). Thus it appears in every detail Mr.
Weed's memory was at fault; dates, age, height, etc., are all wrong,
very wrong, and his statement is untrustworthy from beginning to end.
In passing we draw attention to the difference between the size of the
"Manuscript Found" and the Book of Mormon. The former, according to
Mrs. McKinstry, was about one inch thick of _written_, not printed,
matter. According to Hurlburt, the manuscript which he obtained from
Mrs. Davison's chest, which she states was the "Manuscript Found,"
contained _about one quire of paper_. And this was the only manuscript
book in the trunk. Mrs. Davison stated in her interview with Mr. Haven
that the manuscript was about _one third_ the size of the Book of
Mormon; while Mr. Jackson said the romance was a very small work. All
agree that it was much smaller than the Book of Mormon, while Hurlburt
had evidently a motive in making out that it was less than it really
was. He desired to make it appear that there must have been some other
writings than the one he obtained. In any case it is a consistent
question, who manufactured all the rest of the Book of Mormon?