Vol. iii., p. 369., and they are certainly well-known glaring instances
of the inconsistencies and absurdities into which artists may be led by
ignorance and total want of good taste and feeling: those given by J.
E., at the same page, are also unhappy examples. I cannot, however,
think that the instance, given by G. T. R. in Vol. iii., p. 517.,
deserves to be placed in the same category: the subject is, The Woman
taken in Adultery; and G. T. R. complains of the anachronism of
Steenwyk's having represented our Saviour as writing on the ground in
_Dutch_. But this is not necessarily the result of ignorance, and is
justifiable on the ground of making the painting more intelligible to
his countrymen. For the same reason the writing is often in Latin; and,
in fact, often as the subject has been painted, I do not recollect any
instance of the proper language being used. In making the scene take
place in a building of the architecture of the thirteenth century,
Steenwyk has erred (if error it be) in company with the best Italian
masters. Both Tintoretto and Paul Veronese engraft into their paintings
the architecture and other accessories of their own day. In Tintoretto's
celebrated picture of the Marriage of Cana, the artist has made use of
the drinking vessels and loaves of bread still used in Venice at the
present day. In fact, if strict accuracy were contended for, not a
single representation by the old masters of this subject, and of the
Last Supper, would pass muster, as, according to the facts of the case,
our Saviour and His disciples would not be sitting at a table, but
reclining on the ground. But I think these liberties not only
defensible, but that the artist's faculty of thus introducing
successfully into his paintings the scenes passing before his eyes is
often a great proof of his genius; and pictures often owe much of their
power and reality to this very circumstance. Space, as well as time, is
often annihilated not from ignorance or inadvertence, but purposely,
and with the most happy results. Tintoretto, in a painting of the
Entombment of Christ, has introduced the stable of Bethlehem in the
background; thus finely contrasting the birthplace of Him who was found
"lying in a manger" with the fulfillment of the prophecy of His being
"with the rich in His death:" and such liberties both of time and place
are equally allowable in pictures of at all an imaginative character,
the artist feeling that by sacrificing a minor and lower truth he can
gain a higher, or make his subject appeal more to the sympathies of his
spectators. The instance also noticed by P. P. in Vol. iv., p. 150., is
no mistake, but a legitimate employment of a symbol: the cross or flag,
with the motto "Ecce Agnus Dei," soon became the recognised symbol of
St. John the Baptist, and as such was generally used without reference
to the exact time when the motto became strictly applicable. The same
strict criticism which would disallow this license, would require the
Madonna to be always painted as a Jewess: but I cannot think that
paintings are fairly liable to such close and prosaic scrutiny. P. P.'s
instance of Zebedee's sons being represented as young children, is
treading on more doubtful ground, and some great counterbalancing gain
to the picture would alone justify such a bold alteration of facts: but
if the subject be altogether treated in an allegorical manner, it might
be defensible. His modern instances are, of course, sheer blunders, and
cannot be too severely reprehended; and artists must always remember
that such liberties should never be taken, unless by these means some
higher object is gained. Nor should modern painters expect the same
indulgence, until they express in their works the same spirit of
devotion, and simple, childlike earnestness of feeling, which
distinguish the early painters of the Italian Religious School.
B. H. C.
Oxford.
"AGLA," MEANING OF.
(Vol. iv., p. 116.)
I have the pleasure of being able to refer MR. MARTIN to an
interpretation of this inscription. The mystical word AGLA belongs to
that species of Cabbala, used by the Rabbinical writers, which is called
_Notaricon_, and which consists of forming one word out of the initial
letters of a sentence. Thus Agla is composed of the initials of [Hebrew]
Attah-Gibbor-Leholam-Adonai ("Thou art strong for ever, O Lord!"), and
signifies either "I reveal," or "a drop of dew," and is the cabbalistic
name of God.
They also reversed this process, and made an entire sentence
from the letters of one word: thus of [Hebrew], Bereshith, which
is the first word of Genesis, they made the sentence [Hebrew]
Bara-Rakiya-Eretz-Shamayim-Yam-Tehomoth (_i.e._ "he created the
firmament, the earth, the heavens, the sea, and the deep"). It
would, however, be more correctly written [Hebrew]. Vide _Dr.
Hook's Church Dictionary_, art. Cabbala.
In Arnaud's work on the Vaudois, translated by Acland (Murray, 1825),
there is mention made of certain inscribed talismans or preservatives,
found on the slain French soldiers of Marshal Catinat, the inscriptions
of which are given, and among them is one bearing the legend
[+]AGVA[+]BATOME[+].
E. S. TAYLOR.
The word "AGLA" mentioned by your correspondent MR. MARTIN as being
inscribed on a ring, is mentioned by Reginald Scott in his _Discoverie
of Witchcraft_ (1584), as being inscribed on the conjuring knives
employed to describe the circles used in calling spirits. He gives a cut
of "the fashion or form of the conjuring knife, and the names thereon to
be engraved," and on one side is AGLA.
E. H. K.
According to M. Collin de Plancy, in his _Dictionaire Infernal_, vol. i.
p. 34., this word is composed of the four first letters of the following
Hebrew words, _Athar_, _gabor leolam_, _Adonai_, "Thou art powerful and
eternal, O Lord," and was a cabbalistic word used against evil spirits.
A brooch of gold found near Devizes, and set with rubies in the form of
the letter [A], and having the word AGLA thereon, was shown at the
Winchester meeting of the Archaeological Institute by W. Herbert Williams
(_Journal_, vol. iii. p. 359.).
EDWARD HAILSTONE.
COLONIES IN ENGLAND.
(Vol. iv., p. 272.)
"The inhabitants of Haverfordwest derived their origin from
Flanders, and were sent by Henry I. to inhabit these districts; a
people brave and robust, ever hostile to the Welsh; a people, I
say, well versed in commerce and woollen manufactures; a people
anxious to seek gain by sea and land, in defiance of fatigue or
danger; a hardy race, equally fitted for the plough and sword; a
people brave and happy," &c.--_Giraldus Cambrensis._
"A.D. 1107. About this season a great part of Flanders being
drowned by an inundation, or breaking in of the sea, a great
number of Flemings came to England beseeching the king to have
some void part assigned to them, wherein they might inhabit. At
the first they were appointed to the countrie lieing on the east
part of the Tweed; but within four years after they were removed
into a corner by the sea-side in Wales, called Pembrokeshire, to
the end that they might be a defence there against the unquiet
Welsh. It would appear by some writers that this multitude of
Flemings consisted not onlie of such as came over about that time,
by reason their countrie was overflowed with the sea [as ye have
heard], but also others that arrived there _long before_, even in
the daies of William the Conqueror, through the friendship of the
queen, their countriewoman, sithens their numbers so increased
that the realme of England was sore pestered with them; whereupon
King Henrie devised to place them in Pembrokeshire, as well to
avoide them out of the other of England, as also by their helpe to
tame the bold and presumptuous Welshmen: which thing in those
parts they brought verie well to pass; for after they were settled
there, they valiantlie resisted their enemies, and made verie
sharp wars upon them, sometimes with loss and sometimes with
gaine."--_Holinshed._
"Wallenses Rex Henricus, semper in rebellionem crebris
expeditionibus in deditionem premebat; consilioque salubri nixus,
ut eorum tumorem extenuaret, Flandrenses omnes Angliae accolas eo
traduxit. Plures enim, qui tempore patris pro matris paterna
cognatione confluxerant, occultabat Anglia, adeo ut ipsi regno pro
multitudine onerosi viderentur. Quapropter omnes cum substantiis
et necessitudinibus apud Ros provinciam Walliarum, velut in
sentinam congessit, ut et regnum defaecaret, et hostium brutam
temeritatem retunderet."--_William of Malmsbury._
"The yeare 1108 the rage of the sea did overflow and drowne a
great part of the lowe countrie of Flanders, in such sort that the
inhabitants were driven to seeke themselves other dwellings; who
came to King Henrie and desired him to give some voide place to
remaine in; who being very liberal of that which was not his owne,
gave them the lande of Ros, in Dyvet or West Wales, where
Pembroke, Tenby, and Haverfordwest are now built; and there they
remaine till this daie, as may be well perceived by their speeche
and conditions, farre differing from the rest of the
countrie."--_Powell's Welsh Chronicle._
A similar colony is located in that part of Glamorgan called Gower; and
the Flemish population, both of Ros and of Gower, still retain many
peculiar customs and words; while they scrupulously keep aloof from the
Welsh, each people looking down upon the other, and considering
intermarriage as a degradation. I have been told by a friend that
Flemish colonies were also located in Norfolk and Cambridgeshire. This
much is certain: in the last-named county fields are occasionally
divided between different proprietors, in the manner known as
"landshares," a custom which prevails to a great extent in Gower, and
also, I believe, in Ros. Am I right in considering this Flemish
peculiarity?
SELEUCUS.
In an ancient map of this town, Pembroke (South Wales), of which the
language is Norman-French, two districts of ours are mentioned thus: _Le
grene_, which is now called "the green;" and _Monton_, now called
"mountain." As regards the first, not a portion of _green_ is
discoverable; it is a disagreeable street, close to a large mill and
sheet of water, with none of the conditions of a country green. I have
often wondered at the name, feeling persuaded that there never could
have existed such a spot here as would be so called, and was puzzled
till I last week saw this old map. Tracing the matter, although no
French substantive seems to exist spelled _grene_, the v.n. _grener_ and
its relatives afford a solution--as _grenier_ is a granary, and
_grenetis_ the mill round a coin: so that I take it for granted, as our
_green_ in fact is in the immediate neighbourhood of the corn-mill, that
from said pounding or grinding (_grener_) it solely is derived.
The solution of "mountain" is not so easy. It is a portion of the town
outside the old fortifications, at the _foot_ of a high hill; so never
could have been dignified by the term "mountain" from its height,--in
fact, it rises but little from the estuary, one arm of which here
terminates. The tide here ceases; up to this spot "la maree _monte_." Am
I right in conjecturing that _montant_ (pronounced just like _monton_),
meaning "rising" as well as mounting, may be the origin of the
designation?
All the early memorials of Pembroke are either Norman or Flemish, those
foreigners having settled here. We have no token of Welsh; perhaps there
are not six people in the town who can speak the language. The names of
some of the inhabitants are French and Flemish, and it is to be noted
that their personal appearance corresponds with the type of their
ancestral country. Our parish clerk, named _Freyne_, is a little
Frenchman to all intents and purposes; and our street-keeper, _Rushaut_,
has all the square stolidity and heavy features of the Low Countries.
Although unconnected with the foregoing, will you allow space for
another record? Only within a few years the last of a family, invariably
called "Cromwell," died. It was not their true name, but they have held
it to perpetuate the treason of their ancestor, who followed the great
Protector after he had temporarily abandoned the siege of Pembroke
Castle; and, procuring an interview on "Ridgway," an eminence between
here and Tenby, this unworthy townsman told the general to return, as
the garrison were reduced "to a bean a day." The advice was followed.
Pembroke was taken; but the stern captor ordered the traitor to be
hanged! Thenceforward the family ever went by the name of Cromwell.
B. B.
Replies to Minor Queries.
_Broad Arrow_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--P. C. S. S. has always understood
that the "broad arrow" on government stores represented the _Pheon_, the
well-known arms of the Sydney family. Henry Viscount Sydney, afterwards
Earl of Romney, was Master-General of the Ordnance from July, 1693, to
June, 1702.
P. C. S. S.
_Sacro-Sancta Regum Majestas_ (Vol. iv., p. 293).--In reply to the
second query of [Greek: Boreas], I send the following extract from Sir
James Ware's _Writers of Ireland_:--
"John Maxwell was at first promoted to the Sees of Killala and
Achonry, and afterwards translated to the archbishopric of Tuam.
He writ a Treatise intitled, Sacro-Sancta Regum Majestas; Printed
London, 1643 or 1644, 4to., which he published under the name of
J.A. In answer to which came out a Tract intitled, Lex, Rex; The
Law and the Prince, a dispute for the just Prerogative of King and
People. Containing the Reasons and Causes of the most necessary
defensive Wars of the Kingdom of Scotland, and of their expedition
for the aid and help of their dear brethren in England. In which
their Innocency is asserted, and a full Answer is given to a
seditious Pamphlet, intitled, Sacro-Sancta Regum Majestas, or the
Sacred and Royal Prerogative of Christian Kings under the name of
J. A. but penned by John Maxwell, the excommunicate Prelate.
London, 1644, 4to."
TYRO.
Dublin.
Your correspondent [Greek: Boreas] asks who was the author of the
_Sancta Regum Majestas, or the Sacred and Royal Prerogative of Christian
Kings_: Oxford, 1644.
This work has been by some erroneously attributed to Archbishop Ussher,
from the supposition that the letters J.A., subscribed to the
dedication, denoted Jacobus Armachanus; they signify, however, Johannes
Alladensis, and the real author was John Maxwell, Bishop of Killala. See
Ware's _Writers of Ireland_ (Harris's edit.), p. 357.
J. H. T.
_Grimsditch_ (Vol. iii., pp. 192. 330.).--There is a wood so called in
the parish of Saffron Walden, which has long formed a part of the Audley
End estates. It is about a mile from the town, situated on the crest of
a steep hill, on the south side of the road leading to Linton, and from
its commanding position may have been at some time a military station.
Some portions of a fosse may still be traced on the lower edge of the
wood; but no tradition connected with its history has descended to us.
Warton, in his _Account of Kiddington_, Oxon, p. 62., edition 1815,
observes that Stukeley describes a fosse called Grimsditch, near
Ditchley House, between Stunsfield and Chipping Norton, the vallum of
which was eastward. He also says that the word means "the ditch made by
magic," and was indiscriminately applied to ancient trenches, roads, and
boundaries, whether British, Roman, Saxon, or Danish.
We learn from the same work, that there exists a vallum, or ridged bank,
within two miles of Ewelme, and near to Nuffield, called Grimsditch; and
the lands adjoining to it are described in a charter in or before the
reign of Richard I. as "extra fossatum de Grimisdic."
BRAYBROOKE.
"_'Tis Twopence now_," &c. (Vol. iv., p. 314.).--I met with the lines
mentioned by your correspondent REMIGIUS in a newspaper about twenty
years ago, and cut them out. I cannot now remember the work it was said
they were copied from, nor do I quite understand if that is the
information REMIGIUS wants, or the verses themselves: but I think the
verses, and therefore inclose them.
"THE ABBEY: A FRAGMENT.
"A feeling sad came o'er me, as I trod the sacred ground
Where Tudors and Plantagenets were lying all around:
I stepp'd with noiseless foot, as though the sound of mortal tread
Might burst the bands of the dreamless sleep that wraps the mighty
dead.
"The slanting ray of the evening sun shone through those cloisters
pale,
With fitful light, on regal vest and warrior's sculptured mail;
As from the stained and storied pane it danced with quivering gleam,
Each cold and prostrate form below seem'd quickening in the beam.
"Now sinking low, no more was heard the organ's solemn swell,
And faint upon the listening ear the last hosanna fell;
It died--and not a breath did stir; above each knightly stall,
Unmoved, the banner'd blazonry hung waveless as a pall.
"I stood alone--a living thing midst those that were no more--
I thought on ages that were past, the glorious deeds of yore--
On Edward's sable panoply, on Cressy's tented plain,
The fatal Roses twined at length, on great Eliza's reign.
"I thought on Blenheim--when, at once, upon my startled ear
There came a sound; it chill'd my veins, it froze my heart with fear,
As from a wild unearthly voice I heard these accents drop--
'Sarvice is done--it's tuppence now for them as wants to stop!'"
FANNY.
_Pauper's Badge_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--The 8 & 9 Wm. III. c. 30. s. 2.,
required all paupers in the receipt of parochial relief to wear a badge
bearing a large Roman "P", together with the first letter of the name of
the parish, cut either in red or blue cloth, upon the shoulder of the
right sleeve of the uppermost garment, in an open and visible manner,
under certain penalties, and prevented paupers who neglected to wear it
from being relieved. This provision of the statute was repealed by the
50 Geo. III. c. 52.; and although by the 55 Geo. III. c. 137. s. 2.
parish officers might cause goods, &c. to be branded with the word
"Workhouse," and such other mark or stamp as they thought proper, to
identify the parish, it was nevertheless provided, with the view of
preventing a revival of the former mark of degradation, that such mark
or stamp should not at any time be placed on any articles of wearing
apparel so as to be publicly visible on the exterior of the same.
FRANCISCUS.
Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
Well may Mr. Layard plead the interest felt in the discoveries on the
site of Nineveh as a reason for the publication in a cheap and popular
form of his _Nineveh and its Remains_: and we know no work better
calculated to give value to Mr. Murray's _Reading for the Rail than A
Popular Account of Discoveries at Nineveh_. By Austen Henry Layard,
Esq., D.C.L. _Abridged by him from his larger Work._ The value of Mr.
Layard's first and larger publication has been so generally recognised,
that in calling attention to the present work, with its numerous and
spirited woodcuts, we feel bound to confine ourselves to pointing out
the plan pursued by the author in his abridgment; namely, that of
omitting the second part of the original work, and introducing the
principal Biblical and historical illustrations into the narrative,
which has thereby been rendered more useful and complete. "As recent
discoveries," observes Mr. Layard, "and the contents of the
inscriptions, so far as they have been satisfactorily decyphered, have
confirmed nearly all the opinions expressed in the original work, no
changes on any material points have been introduced into this
abridgment. I am still inclined to believe that all the ruins explored
represent the site of ancient Nineveh; and whilst still assigning the
later monuments to the kings mentioned in Scripture, Shalmanezer,
Sennacherib, and Essarhadon, I am convinced that a considerable period
elapsed between their foundation and the erection of the older palaces
of Nimroud."
After the pictures which our facetious contemporary Punch has furnished
of the troubles which an "unprotected female" encounters, who ventures
beyond the quiet circle of her domestic duties, one is predisposed to
regard as a heroine a lady who ventures unattended on a voyage round the
world. Madame Ida Pfeiffer has done this; and her narrative of her
adventures having excited great attention both in Germany and this
country, Messrs. Longman have shown themselves excellent caterers for
the reading public, by printing as the new parts of their _Traveller's
Library_, a selected translation of them by Mrs. Percy Sinnett, under
the title of _A Lady's Voyage round the World_. The work will be read
with great pleasure and interest; and while we wonder at the writer's
extraordinary passion for travelling, we feel that she has produced such
an amusing and instructive volume that we are glad that she had the
opportunity of indulging it. Mrs. Sinnett well characterises the book on
which she has employed her talents as a translator when she says, "Its
chief attraction will most likely be found in the personal narrative and
in the singular character of the authoress; who though apparently far
removed by circumstances from the romantic or adventurous, yet passes
through the most surprising scenes, and encounters the most imminent
perils with a calm and unconscious heroism that can hardly fail to
command admiration."
_The Gentleman's Magazine_ announces that the King of Denmark has
conferred the Order of Dannebrog on M. Worsaae, the author of the
_Primeval Antiquities of Denmark_, and other important works. This will
be gratifying intelligence to all who had the pleasure of making the
acquaintance of this accomplished antiquary during his visit to this
country. We hope the time is not far distant when similar distinctions
will be conferred in England on men of learning. The necessity for the
institution of some ORDER OF MERIT is insisted upon both in the
_Gentleman's Magazine_ for this month, and _The Athenaeum_ of Saturday
last; and a communication urging its adoption, on novel and important
grounds, has reached us, unfortunately at too late a period in the week
to admit of its insertion in our present number.
Messrs. Puttick & Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Wednesday next
a portion of the Library (including numerous curious MSS. by Sir Isaac
Newton), Medals, &c. of the late Mr. Alchorne.
Messrs. Sotheby will sell on Monday and Tuesday the valuable Library of
Dr. Ford, late Principal of Magdalen Hall, and Professor of Arabic at
Oxford; and on Thursday and two following days, a valuable Collection of
Theological and Miscellaneous Books.
CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--T. Kershaw's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue
of another Portion of his Valuable Stock; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham
House, Westminster Road) Catalogue No. 74. of Cheap Second-hand English
and Foreign Books; and Supplementary Catalogue of Italian Books.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737.
CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760.
TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I.
WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706.
LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742.
MAD. D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. II. 1842.
ADAM'S MORAL TALES.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805.
WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. (10_s._ 6_d._ will be paid for
a copy in good condition.)
CARPENTER'S DEPUTY DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657.
A TRUE AND LIVELY REPRESENTATION OF POPERY, SHEWING THAT POPERY IS ONLY
NEW MODELLED PAGANISM, &c., 1679. 4to.
ROBERT WILSON'S SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in
1825.
JAMES WILSON'S ANNALS OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1850.
BARRINGTON'S SKETCHES OF HIS OWN TIME. Vol. III. London, 1830.
BRITISH POETS (CHALMERS', Vol. X.) London, 1810.
CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. Vol. III. London, 1774.
CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. Vol. LXXV.
ERSKINE'S SPEECHES. Vol. II. London, 1810.
HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. Vol. I. London, 1846.
HOPE'S ESSAY ON ARCHITECTURE. Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition.
MULLER'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge. Vol.
XVII.)
ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) MEMOIRS. Vol. II. London, 1840.
SCOTT'S (SIR W.) LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol.
Edition.
SCOTT'S NOVELS. Vol. XXXVI. (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV., XLV. (Ann
of Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition.
SMOLLETT'S WORKS. Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition.
SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Vol. III. London, 1837.
CRABBE'S WORKS. Vol. V. London, 1831.
Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being
an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled POPERY, &c., by
Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo.
A CONFUTATION OF THE CHIEF DOCTRINES OF POPERY. A Sermon preached before
the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to.
A SERMON PREACHED AT ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF
COMMONS, May 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685.
POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735.
ALMANACS, any for the year 1752.
MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815.
SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition,
1785. Vol. V.
SWIFT'S WORKS, FAULKNER'S EDITION. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III.
SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo.
JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or
more copies.)
THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II.
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial
Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside,
Esq., London 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in
continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th
Volume.)
[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage
free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186.
Fleet Street.
Notices to Correspondents.
H. N. E. _is referred to our_ 3rd Vol. p. 224. _for information on the
subject of Supporters borne by Commoners._
J. S. B. (p. 240.) _Will this correspondent say how we can forward a
letter to him?_